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In vocal music drone is particularly widespread in traditional musical cultures, particularly in Europe, Polynesia and
Melanesia. It is also present in some isolated regions of Asia (like among Pearl-divers in the Persian Gulf, some national minorities of South-West China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and
198:
upon which the rest of the piece is built. A drone can be instrumental, vocal or both. Drone (both instrumental and vocal) can be placed in different ranges of the polyphonic texture: in the lowest part, in the highest part, or in the middle. The drone is most often placed upon the
466:
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341:(conch shell). Most of the types of bagpipes that exist worldwide have up to three drones, making this one of the first instruments that comes to mind when speaking of drone music. In America, most forms of the African-influenced
870:’s “Everyday” (in a lower extent for that case) use a synthesized or acoustic high sustained string. Scott Walker - "It's Raining Today" from 1969's SCOTT 3 Uses a drone and this song was used in Tv. Shows as a hunting effect.
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is essentially drone-based. Shorter drones or the general concept of a continuous element are often used by many other composers. Other composers whose music is entirely based on drones include
58:
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Modern concert musicians make frequent use of drones, often with just or other non-equal tempered tunings. Drones are a regular feature in the music of composers indebted to the
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throughout the entire movement. The atmospheric ostinato effect that opens
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, which inspired similar gestures in the opening of all the symphonies of
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down the neck of the instrument; this string is usually tuned to the same note as that which the first string produces when played at the fifth fret. The bass strings of the
125:
is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece. A drone may also be any part of a musical instrument used to produce this effect; an archaic term for this is
59:
964:
Encyclopaedia
Perthensis; Or Universal Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, &c. Intended to Supersede the Use of Other Books of Reference, Volume 4
2441:
949:
884:
Drones are used by a number of music education programs for ear training and pitch awareness, as well as a way to improvise ensemble music. A
487:
occasionally used a drone (especially one on open fifths) to evoke a rustic or archaic atmosphere, perhaps echoing that of
Scottish or other
255:.). A drone on the same pitch as a melodic note tends to both hide that note and to bring attention to it by increasing its importance.
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806:). They also used high drone for the dramatic effect in some sections of several of their compositions (like the last verses of "
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contains a sustained high C (heard in the upper woodwinds) that lasts for the entirety of the piece. Drone pieces also include
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978:
Lloyd's
Encyclopaedic Dictionary: A New and Original Work of Reference to the Words in the English Language, Volume 1
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unlike a drone, or a pedal point may simply be considered a shorter drone, a drone being a longer pedal point.
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400:) contain a drone. For example, the sitar features three or four resonating drone strings, and Indian notes (
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843:(1976) and Searching (1976)) which have a high sustained synth string note through most of their duration.
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384:, generally without the ongoing attention of the player. Different melodic Indian instruments (e.g. the
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556:, introduction; a seven-octave drone on A evokes "the awakening of nature at the earliest dawn".
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1206:
Return to Child - Music for People's Guide to
Improvising Music and Authentic Group Leadership
70:" for Great Highland bagpipes played by the Clan Stewart Pipe Band. A drone on the dominant (B
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183:"Of all harmonic devices, it is not only the simplest, but probably also the most fertile."
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as heard against a sustained drone. Even so, drones have often been used to spotlight
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916:- a form of heavy metal music focusing almost entirely on droning, heavily downtuned
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is often used by vocalists in this style of musical training. Drones, owing to their
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contain a drone string. Since the 1960s, the drone has become a prominent feature in
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is a drone string with a separate tuning peg that places the end of the string five
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Origins of the
Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music
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featured drones in solos and fills. Drones were virtually absent in original
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522:, Symphony No. 3 in A minor, opus 56, 'Scottish', especially the finale.
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The
Origins of Human Choral Singing, Intelligence, Language and Speech
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The best-known drone piece in the concert repertory is the
Prelude to
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1246: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Drones continue to be characteristic of folk music. Early songs by
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Highland bagpipes, with drone pipes over the pipers' left shoulders
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and chant, can be useful in constructing aural structures outside
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has one or more drone strings. The fifth string on a five-string
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The systematic use of drones originated in instrumental music of
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uses drones in their compositions particularly widely. In the
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or point in degree or quality. A pedal point may be a form of
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1179:"Everybody Loves the Sunshine: A Critical Analysis of Covers"
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Cyclopædia, or an
Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
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and performed by Alison Krauss and Sting, uses drone bass.
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is also part of a song that is repeated at the end of each
160:
576:(1854) wherein low horns and bass instruments sustain an E
854:
tend to use this technique very often. compositions like
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used drones in a few popular compositions (for example, "
1923:
1517:
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830:
drone is used throughout the song, mostly in the intro.
815:
450:" without and with drone notes as played on the banjo
207:(play "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" with a drone on the
892:properties and following their longstanding use in
19:"drone (music)" redirects here. For the genre, see
360:
624:. The single-tones that provided the impetus for
380:intended to produce the drone effect's sustained
2766:
506:, opening of finale, accompanying a folk melody.
1059:
1261:(1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
1158:Blues Piano: Hal Leonard Keyboard Style Series
837:used this technique in most of his repertoire
586:, represents a gesture derivative of drones.
478:
309:) and other Indian drone instruments like the
16:Harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment
2404:
2092:
1789:
1533:
1280:
1017:, Vol. V, p.99. Libr. ed. William McKenzie. .
690:all make notable use of drones. The music of
950:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
757:employ the effect with a retuned guitar in "
742:also used drones extensively. French singer
632:and many of his students qualify as drones.
873:
435:also freely resonate as a drone. The Welsh
273:
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2085:
1796:
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1273:
1219:
1089:Bluegrass Banjo for the Complete Ignoramus
846:Afrocentric acts influenced by Ayers like
746:uses a continuous B throughout her album
640:, the early experimental compilations of
532:, accompanying oboes as they imitate the
186:A drone effect can be achieved through a
1251:
1202:
1112:, p.94. University of California Press.
441:
364:
277:
769:", written by Sting for the 2003 movie
194:of a note. It most often establishes a
2767:
1696:Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Members
1005:
516:, opening and trio section of scherzo.
2392:
2080:
1777:
1521:
1268:
1081:
1138:Erickson 1976, p. 95 & 104.
790:music, but gained popularity after
589:One consideration for composers of
376:is also the term for the part of a
305:and is played with the tanpura (or
13:
495:. Examples include the following:
40:
14:
2801:
2106:
1294:
1033:, p.65. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
992:A dictionary of English etymology
597:. The adjustments lead to slight
439:also features two drone strings.
178:
1922:
1803:
1360:
1241:
1203:Oshinsky, James (January 2008).
1011:Brabner, John H F., ed. (1884).
924:, often lacking vocals or drums.
84:Problems playing this file? See
56:
23:. For the musical subgenre, see
1213:
1196:
1171:
1150:
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1132:
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361:Part(s) of a musical instrument
293:, and spread north and west to
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1044:
1020:
984:
969:
956:
941:
778:Drones are used widely in the
33:
27:. For other music topics, see
1:
1063:Who Asked the First Question?
947:Gove, Philip Babcock (1961).
935:
840:Everybody Loves the Sunshine
767:You Will Be My Ain True Love
738:. The avant-garde guitarist
404:) are practiced to a drone.
7:
1129:Erickson 1976, p. 104.
1050:van der Merwe (1989), p.11.
907:
866:’s “Untitled/Fantastic” or
479:Use in musical compositions
10:
2806:
2790:Indian musical instruments
2785:Carnatic music instruments
1147:Erickson 1976, p. 97.
877:
782:and blues-derived genres.
514:Symphony No. 6, "Pastoral"
504:Symphony No. 104, "London"
283:A Lady Playing the Tanpura
18:
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2546:Music On A Long Thin Wire
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1358:
1302:
1108:Erickson, Robert (1976).
1014:The national encyclopædia
675:Music On A Long Thin Wire
143:) such as a "drone of a
2442:Hornbostel–Sachs numbers
1255:, ed. (1728). "Burden".
1110:Sound Structure in Music
1060:Joseph Jordania (2006).
994:, p.210. Рипол Классик.
874:Use for musical training
274:History and distribution
171:, such as the chorus or
2332:A Rainbow in Curved Air
1156:Harrison, Mark (2003).
966:, p.487. 2nd edition. .
544:Also sprach Zarathustra
485:Western classical music
258:A drone differs from a
2523:Long-string instrument
1756:International variants
1087:Erbsen, Wayne (2004).
975:Lloyd, Edward (1896).
953:, . Riverside Press. .
475:
410:Great Highland Bagpipe
370:
291:ancient Southwest Asia
286:
76:) is heard throughout.
45:
29:drone (disambiguation)
2283:Einstein on the Beach
2051:Low-frequency effects
1370:Techniques and styles
990:Wedgwood, H. (1859).
860:Otherside of the Game
700:Charlemagne Palestine
628:through the music of
445:
368:
281:
266:and thus required to
44:
2346:The Well-Tuned Piano
1819:Acoustic bass guitar
962:Brown, John (1816).
800:Tomorrow Never Knows
652:Dream Interpretation
333:, the surmandal (or
327:Persian Central Asia
1874:Contrabass trombone
1304:Musical instruments
1220:Clint Goss (2011).
1027:Peter van der Merwe
730:(1968), as well as
647:Sun Blindness Music
612:tradition, such as
593:keyboard music was
536:of Italian peasants
349:and other forms of
2780:Musical techniques
2530:Melde's experiment
1597:Family instruments
1222:"Reference Drones"
1209:(Second ed.).
1067:. Tbilisi: Logos.
902:harmony and melody
833:American musician
763:Mr. Tambourine Man
476:
378:musical instrument
371:
287:
68:The Skye Boat Song
66:An adaptation of "
46:
2762:
2761:
2518:Longitudinal wave
2386:
2385:
2202:Sofia Gubaidulina
2074:
2073:
1824:Bass (voice type)
1771:
1770:
1680:Traditional Irish
1515:
1514:
1253:Chambers, Ephraim
1160:, . Hal Leonard.
684:Lawrence Chandler
657:Stainless Gamelan
618:Sofia Gubaidulina
595:equal temperament
351:avant-garde music
190:sound or through
95:
94:
61:
2797:
2582:String vibration
2413:
2406:
2399:
2390:
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2373:Repetitive music
2356:Related articles
2262:Different Trains
2129:Louis Andriessen
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2087:
2078:
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1926:
1854:Bass synthesizer
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1711:Rhiannon Giddens
1645:African-American
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1492:Musical ensemble
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900:expectations of
708:The Immovable Do
688:Arnold Dreyblatt
662:Pauline Oliveros
581:
580:
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301:. It is used in
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52:"Skye Boat Song"
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2596:
2587:Transverse wave
2535:Mersenne's laws
2513:String harmonic
2445:
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2417:
2387:
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2351:
2304:It's Gonna Rain
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2179:Holy minimalism
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2144:Simeon ten Holt
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1312:Acoustic guitar
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918:electric guitar
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898:common practice
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802:" makes use of
784:Jerry Lee Lewis
736:Down at Piraeus
732:Robert Erickson
696:Giacinto Scelsi
666:Stuart Dempster
605:purposefully.
591:common practice
578:
577:
540:Richard Strauss
530:Harold in Italy
481:
467:
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249:changing chords
248:
245:
244:
243:. Compare with
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2368:Postminimalism
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2339:Nixon in China
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2318:Phrygian Gates
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2255:Clapping Music
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2187:Henryk Górecki
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2046:Bass amplifier
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2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:Unfigured bass
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Basso continuo
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1941:Alternate bass
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Pedal keyboard
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Bass saxophone
1846:
1841:
1836:
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1826:
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1800:
1793:
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1657:
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1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Mandolin-banjo
1616:
1611:
1606:
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1598:
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1585:
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1537:
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1510:
1509:
1507:Rhythm section
1504:
1499:
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1489:
1483:
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1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
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1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:Counter-melody
1421:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1399:
1397:Basso continuo
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:Electric piano
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1238:
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1212:
1195:
1170:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1101:
1080:
1073:
1052:
1043:
1019:
1004:
983:
968:
955:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
925:
909:
906:
875:
872:
814:"). rock band
759:Masters of War
712:Percy Grainger
630:La Monte Young
584:Anton Bruckner
564:
563:
557:
554:Symphony No. 1
547:
537:
523:
517:
507:
480:
477:
362:
359:
357:Afghanistan).
275:
272:
180:
179:Musical effect
177:
93:
92:
81:
65:
55:
50:
49:
48:
39:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2802:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Accompaniment
2773:
2772:
2770:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Tromba marina
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2698:
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2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
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2660:
2658:
2655:
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2650:
2648:
2645:
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2640:
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2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Standing wave
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
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2519:
2516:
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2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
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2479:
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2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
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2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2379:
2376:
2374:
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2369:
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2358:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2311:Koyaanisqatsi
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2269:Doctor Atomic
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Process music
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Giya Kancheli
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Michael Nyman
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:Minimal music
2102:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:Keyboard bass
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Contrabassoon
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:Bass trombone
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Bass clarinet
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:Manufacturers
1723:
1717:
1716:Emily Strayer
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Banjo ukulele
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1588:Scruggs style
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Pit orchestra
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:Harmonization
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Triadic chord
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Hammond organ
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Electric bass
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:Accompaniment
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1248:public domain
1227:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1166:9781476816036
1163:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1119:
1118:0-520-02376-5
1115:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1097:1-883206-44-8
1094:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1074:99940-31-81-3
1070:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1040:
1039:0-19-316121-4
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
1000:9785874642921
997:
993:
987:
980:
979:
972:
965:
959:
952:
951:
944:
940:
931:
930:
926:
923:
919:
915:
912:
911:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
881:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
841:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:Eleanor Rigby
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:rock and roll
785:
781:
776:
774:
773:
772:Cold Mountain
768:
765:". The song "
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:Phill Niblock
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:Ellen Fullman
677:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
649:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
575:
574:
573:Das Rheingold
569:
561:
558:
555:
551:
548:
545:
541:
538:
535:
531:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
498:
497:
496:
494:
490:
486:
483:Composers of
470:
458:
449:
448:Yankee Doodle
444:
440:
438:
434:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:and south to
296:
292:
284:
280:
271:
269:
265:
264:nonchord tone
261:
256:
251:
239:
227:
215:
206:
202:
197:
193:
189:
184:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:
136:
135:
130:
129:
124:
120:
116:
115:accompaniment
112:
108:
104:
100:
89:
87:
69:
53:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2754:Washtub bass
2607:musical bows
2567:Scale length
2544:
2464:Third bridge
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2247:Compositions
2207:John Tavener
2139:Philip Glass
2134:Gavin Bryars
2039:reproduction
2028:Walking bass
1988:Figured bass
1982:
1951:Bass effects
1932:Performance/
1914:Washtub bass
1805:Bass (sound)
1701:Earl Scruggs
1609:Banjo guitar
1377:Alberti bass
1256:
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1215:
1205:
1198:
1187:. Retrieved
1185:. 2014-03-10
1182:
1173:
1157:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1109:
1104:
1088:
1083:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1030:
1022:
1012:
1007:
991:
986:
976:
971:
963:
958:
948:
943:
927:
883:
880:Ear training
864:Slum Village
845:
838:
832:
824:In The Light
820:Led Zeppelin
777:
770:
752:
740:Glenn Branca
735:
727:
722:(1970) and
719:
707:
673:
670:Alvin Lucier
655:
645:
622:John Tavener
607:
588:
571:
565:
482:
456:Play without
433:drone zither
373:
372:
355:
303:Indian music
288:
282:
257:
185:
182:
164:
139:
138:
133:
132:
127:
126:
102:
96:
83:
2729:Psalmodicon
2642:Diddley bow
2501:Fundamental
2491:Fingerboard
2471:Chordophone
2429:instruments
2325:Piano Phase
2290:Four Organs
2276:Eight Lines
2164:Terry Riley
2159:Steve Reich
2149:Tom Johnson
2008:Lament bass
1956:Bass chorus
1879:Double bass
1844:Bass pedals
1839:Bass guitar
1812:Instruments
1747:Slingerland
1706:Pete Seeger
1629:Banjeaurine
1583:Keith style
1487:Backup band
1412:Power chord
1317:Double bass
922:bass guitar
914:Drone metal
856:Erykah Badu
792:the Beatles
636:, the band
634:David First
520:Mendelssohn
446:Melody to "
418:hurdy-gurdy
398:rudra veena
347:drone music
321:(or dotar;
285:, ca. 1735.
149:pedal point
25:drone metal
21:Drone music
2769:Categories
2662:Ichigenkin
2657:Ground bow
2602:Monochords
2592:Tuning peg
2572:Soundboard
2486:Enharmonic
2363:Maximalism
2238:Repetition
2216:Techniques
2124:John Adams
1998:Partimento
1624:Bass banjo
1568:Clawhammer
1434:Figuration
1387:Banjo roll
1352:Pipe organ
1231:2011-11-08
1226:Flutopedia
1189:2022-07-07
981:, p.743. .
936:References
886:shruti box
878:See also:
868:Jamiroquai
724:Folke Rabe
720:Hard Music
716:Loren Rush
626:minimalism
603:dissonance
599:mistunings
493:folk music
468:with drone
408:(like the
337:) and the
335:swarmandal
260:pedal tone
192:repetition
113:effect or
111:monophonic
86:media help
2709:Langeleik
2647:Duxianqin
2540:Monochord
2509:Overtones
2505:Harmonics
2197:Arvo Pärt
2116:Composers
2061:Subwoofer
2018:Slap bass
2003:Jazz bass
1968:Bass note
1961:Fuzz bass
1946:Bass clef
1889:Guitarrón
1884:Euphonium
1834:Bass drum
1650:Bluegrass
1556:Technique
1497:Orchestra
1454:Obbligato
848:Acid Jazz
835:Roy Ayers
808:Yesterday
796:Blackbird
755:Bob Dylan
694:composer
642:John Cale
614:Arvo Pärt
510:Beethoven
430:Slovenian
219:, on the
188:sustained
2724:Onavillu
2677:Genggong
2672:Jaw harp
2620:Berimbau
2562:Re-entry
2419:Musical
2378:Totalism
2056:Sub-bass
2023:Walkdown
2013:Ostinato
1973:Bassline
1934:notation
1899:Octobass
1675:Old-time
1670:Minstrel
1459:Ostinato
1392:Bassline
1382:Arpeggio
1322:Drum kit
1091:, p.13.
1029:(1989).
908:See also
890:acoustic
852:Neo-Soul
828:keyboard
579:♭
414:Zampogna
412:and the
406:Bagpipes
396:and the
231:, or on
225:dominant
205:dominant
196:tonality
117:where a
107:harmonic
73:♭
2744:Umuduri
2719:Masenqo
2702:Mukkuri
2697:Morsing
2637:Đàn bầu
2630:Boom-ba
2615:Ahardin
2421:strings
2228:Phasing
1864:Bassoon
1737:Gretsch
1655:Country
1419:Comping
1250::
1183:Nextbop
810:" and "
804:tambura
761:" and "
744:Camille
692:Italian
534:piffero
526:Berlioz
394:sarangi
331:surpeti
329:), the
307:tambura
268:resolve
173:refrain
147:", the
145:bagpipe
134:bourdon
2749:Unitar
2714:Lesiba
2692:Kubing
2687:Khomuz
2682:Gogona
2652:Ektara
2476:Course
2459:Bridge
2427:, and
2066:Woofer
1983:Burden
1763:Cümbüş
1742:Ibanez
1732:Gibson
1689:People
1638:Genres
1444:Groove
1164:
1116:
1095:
1071:
1037:
998:
929:Jivari
894:ritual
822:song "
748:Le_Fil
654:, and
620:, and
568:Wagner
560:Bartók
550:Mahler
402:sargam
392:, the
388:, the
339:shankh
319:dotara
317:, the
313:, the
299:Africa
295:Europe
169:stanza
165:burden
157:course
151:in an
140:burdon
128:burden
2739:Tumbi
2481:Drone
2425:wires
2223:Drone
2037:Sound
1604:Banjo
1578:G run
1573:Drone
1549:Banjo
1429:Drone
1402:Chord
1347:Piano
826:", a
780:blues
728:Was??
610:chant
500:Haydn
489:early
437:Crwth
426:frets
422:banjo
390:sarod
386:sitar
382:pitch
374:Drone
343:banjo
323:dutar
315:ektar
213:tonic
201:tonic
159:of a
153:organ
123:chord
105:is a
103:drone
99:music
2552:Node
2496:Fret
2438:List
2297:In C
1909:Tuba
1665:Jazz
1660:Folk
1563:Roll
1469:Vamp
1464:Riff
1439:Fill
1162:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1035:ISBN
996:ISBN
920:and
858:’s “
702:and
686:and
664:and
638:Coil
462:and
311:ottu
237:both
163:. Α
161:lute
119:note
101:, a
2604:and
2557:Nut
2454:Bow
862:”,
850:or
734:'s
726:'s
718:'s
710:by
678:),
660:),
570:'s
491:or
325:in
203:or
137:or
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