714:
77:
49:
702:
726:
750:
774:
762:
738:
690:
89:
can be classified in several ways, most commonly by where it was acquired (hospital versus community), but may also by the area of lung affected or by the causative organism. There is also a combined clinical classification, which combines factors such as age, risk factors for certain microorganisms,
678:
classification. Early investigators distinguished between typical lobar pneumonia and atypical (e.g. Chlamydophila) or viral pneumonia using the location, distribution, and appearance of the opacities they saw on chest x-rays. Certain x-ray findings can be used to help predict the course of illness,
789:
Traditionally, clinicians have classified pneumonia by clinical characteristics, dividing them into "acute" (less than three weeks duration) and "chronic" pneumonias. This is useful because chronic pneumonias tend to be either non-infectious, or mycobacterial, fungal, or mixed bacterial infections
164:
pneumonia, is pneumonia acquired during or after hospitalization for another illness or procedure with onset at least 72 hrs after admission. The causes, microbiology, treatment and prognosis are different from those of community-acquired pneumonia. Up to 5% of patients admitted to a hospital for
682:
With the advent of modern microbiology, classification based upon the causative microorganism became possible. Determining which microorganism is causing an individual's pneumonia is an important step in deciding treatment type and length. Sputum cultures, blood cultures, tests on respiratory
854:
The combined clinical classification, now the most commonly used classification scheme, attempts to identify a person's risk factors when he or she first comes to medical attention. The advantage of this classification scheme over previous systems is that it can help guide the selection of
140:. The term "walking pneumonia" has been used to describe a type of community-acquired pneumonia of less severity (because the sufferer can continue to "walk" rather than requiring hospitalization). Walking pneumonia is usually caused by the atypical bacterium,
181:
diseases, decreased amounts of stomach acid, and immune disturbances. Additionally, the microorganisms a person is exposed to in a hospital are often different from those at home. Hospital-acquired microorganisms may include resistant bacteria such as
855:
appropriate initial treatments even before the microbiologic cause of the pneumonia is known. There are two broad categories of pneumonia in this scheme: community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. A recently introduced type of
683:
secretions, and specific blood tests are used to determine the microbiologic classification. Because such laboratory testing typically takes several days, microbiologic classification is usually not possible at the time of initial diagnosis.
568:(ARDS). However, the term was and, especially by lay people, still is used to denote pneumonia affecting both lungs. Accordingly, the term 'double pneumonia' is more likely to be used to describe bilateral pneumonia than it is ALI or ARDS.
1537:
Feldman C, Kallenbach JM, Levy H, Thorburn JR, Hurwitz MD, Koornhof HJ (1991). "Comparison of bacteraemic community-acquired lobar pneumonia due to
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit".
1661:
1618:
112:(CAP) is infectious pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common causes of CAP vary depending on a person's age, but they include
204:. Because individuals with hospital-acquired pneumonia usually have underlying illnesses and are exposed to more dangerous bacteria, it tends to be more deadly than community-acquired pneumonia.
348:
in the United States. With dust pneumonia, dust settles all the way into the alveoli of the lungs, stopping the cilia from moving and preventing the lungs from ever clearing themselves.
228:
depending on the presenting symptoms and thus the presumed underlying organism. Attempting to make this distinction based on symptoms, however, has not been found to be accurate, and
713:
405:, and those with more indolent infections have weight loss. Often patients clinically present with acute respiratory failure. The most common pathogens responsible for NP are
674:
The discovery of x-rays made it possible to determine the anatomic type of pneumonia without direct examination of the lungs at autopsy and led to the development of a
670:
involves the areas in between the alveoli, and it may be called "interstitial pneumonitis." It is more likely to be caused by viruses or by atypical bacteria.
585:, which had almost disappeared by the month of May 2004 (it was later called SARS-CoV-1 to distinguish it from other similar viruses). The second outbreak,
911:
859:(in patients living outside the hospital who have recently been in close contact with the health care system) lies between these two categories.
500:
Chemotherapy-induced immunodeficiency may lead to severe lung infections. Pathogens commonly associated with lung infectioins are bacteria (like
1870:
241:
581:(SARS) is a highly contagious and deadly type of pneumonia which first occurred in November 2002 after initial outbreaks in China caused by
183:
244:(BOOP) is caused by inflammation of the small airways of the lungs. It is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP).
1289:
Krutikov, Maria; Rahman, Ananna; Tiberi, Simon (2019). "Necrotizing pneumonia (aetiology, clinical features and management)".
1238:
Reimel, Beth Ann; Krishnadasen, Baiya; Cuschieri, Joseph; Klein, Matthew B; Gross, Joel; Karmy-Jones, Riyad (1 January 2000).
315:
foreign objects which are usually oral or gastric contents, either while eating, or after reflux or vomiting which results in
1583:
1160:
761:
737:
773:
749:
589:, started in December 2019 from Wuhan, China and was declared pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. SARS is caused by the
319:. The resulting lung inflammation is not an infection but can contribute to one, since the material aspirated may contain
1769:
790:
caused by airway obstruction. Acute pneumonias are further divided into the classic bacterial bronchopneumonias (such as
565:
1186:"Management of necrotizing pneumonia with bronchopleural fistula caused by multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii"
453:
165:
other causes subsequently develop pneumonia. Hospitalized patients may have many risk factors for pneumonia, including
1449:
927:"Cellular engineering in a minimal microbe: structure and assembly of the terminal organelle of Mycoplasma pneumoniae"
1837:
578:
725:
90:
the presence of underlying lung disease or systemic disease and whether the person has recently been hospitalized.
17:
1917:
1832:
1822:
856:
205:
1891:
229:
327:
patients, since they often cannot adequately protect their airways and may have otherwise impaired defenses.
1817:
970:
679:
although it is not possible to clearly determine the microbiologic cause of a pneumonia with x-rays alone.
664:
508:
208:(VAP) is a subset of hospital-acquired pneumonia. VAP is pneumonia which occurs after at least 48 hours of
109:
104:
1827:
1341:
519:
323:
bacteria or other unusual causes of pneumonia. Aspiration is a leading cause of death among hospital and
155:
701:
831:
76:
1684:
825:
792:
639:
459:
442:
114:
1573:
1762:
1502:
Girard TD, Bernard GR (March 2007). "Mechanical ventilation in ARDS: a state-of-the-art review".
471:
407:
1865:
841:
502:
477:
250:
213:
166:
129:
120:
1724:
132:
cause CAP in certain at-risk populations. CAP is the fourth most common cause of death in the
1184:
Widysanto, Allen; Liem, Maranatha; Puspita, Karina Dian; Pradhana, Cindy Meidy Leony (2020).
1143:
Scotta, Marcelo C.; Marostica, Paulo J.C.; Stein, Renato T. (2019). "Pneumonia in
Children".
836:
798:
645:
447:
419:
413:
386:
358:
142:
719:
AP CXR showing left lower lobe pneumonia associated with a small left sided pleural effusion
1886:
1855:
1735:
847:
804:
483:
312:
308:
279:
161:
8:
1807:
1792:
1665:
994:"Necrotising pneumonia is an increasingly detected complication of pneumonia in children"
658:
523:
57:
1912:
1812:
1755:
1422:
1395:
1322:
1266:
1239:
1212:
1185:
1166:
1152:
1120:
1085:
320:
275:
225:
1678:
1465:
1333:
1695:
1579:
1555:
1519:
1477:
1469:
1427:
1412:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1314:
1306:
1271:
1217:
1156:
1125:
1107:
1066:
1058:
1023:
1015:
992:
Sawicki, G. S.; Lu, F. L.; Valim, C.; Cleveland, R. H.; Colin, A. A. (5 March 2008).
948:
943:
926:
893:
889:
561:
527:
493:
434:
65:
1674:
1670:
1326:
1170:
294:
or by skin contact. When the toxic substance is an oil, the pneumonia may be called
1802:
1547:
1511:
1461:
1417:
1407:
1353:
1298:
1261:
1251:
1207:
1197:
1148:
1115:
1097:
1050:
1005:
938:
885:
590:
316:
258:
689:
1860:
1797:
1689:
1574:
Mitchell, Richard
Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007).
1302:
1054:
655:
pneumonia involves more than one lobe, and it often causes a more severe illness.
627:
488:
1700:
337:
133:
27:
This article is about classification of pneumonia. For the disease itself, see
1233:
1231:
1102:
1010:
993:
876:
Dunn L (2005). "Pneumonia: classification, diagnosis and nursing management".
1906:
1473:
1365:
1310:
1111:
1062:
1019:
379:
137:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
971:"Community-Acquired Pneumonia: From Common Pathogens To Emerging Resistance"
1523:
1481:
1443:
1441:
1431:
1318:
1275:
1228:
1221:
1129:
1070:
1027:
952:
897:
324:
194:
170:
1559:
1515:
1373:
1256:
1719:
1136:
819:
535:
531:
465:
341:
188:
70:
1610:
1448:
Vento, Sandro; Cainelli, Francesca; Temesgen, Zelalem (1 October 2008).
1438:
1282:
985:
661:
affects the lungs in patches around the tubes (bronchi or bronchioles).
619:
586:
402:
291:
254:
209:
1551:
261:. Eosinophilic pneumonia often occurs in response to infection with a
1778:
1730:
1202:
675:
611:
543:
382:
345:
287:
86:
28:
796:), the atypical pneumonias (such as the interstitial pneumonitis of
128:
is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide.
1084:
Masters, I. Brent; Isles, Alan F.; Grimwood, Keith (25 July 2017).
813:
633:
is an infection that only involves a single lobe, or section, of a
607:
594:
582:
539:
514:
390:
283:
262:
224:
Pneumonia has historically been characterized as either typical or
200:
48:
1177:
615:
1237:
1041:
Tsai, Yueh-Feng; Ku, Yee-Huang (2012). "Necrotizing pneumonia".
235:
1622:
811:
Chronic pneumonias, on the other hand, mainly include those of
1536:
398:
394:
174:
1747:
1183:
265:
or after exposure to certain types of environmental factors.
634:
438:
393:
formation in the lung. In most cases patients with NP have
376:
178:
1240:"Surgical management of acute necrotizing lung infections"
1086:"Necrotizing pneumonia: an emerging problem in children?"
554:
1077:
767:
Left upper lobe pneumonia with a small pleural effusion.
743:
AP CXR showing pneumonia of the lingula of the left lung
1145:
Kendig's
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children
991:
614:
appearance of the lung, either by direct inspection at
389:
following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to
1447:
1600:
1288:
1142:
1083:
572:
340:
describes disorders caused by excessive exposure to
779:
Right lower lobe pneumonia as seen on a lateral CXR
755:
Right upper lobe pneumonia as marked by the circle.
385:. In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial
56:A chest X-ray showing a very prominent wedge-shape
1387:
606:Initial descriptions of pneumonia focused on the
1904:
1394:Huang, Laurence; Crothers, Kristina A. (2009).
445:affecting the lungs. Most common pathogens are
1871:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
1763:
1501:
1393:
242:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
236:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
924:
1530:
1450:"Lung infections after cancer chemotherapy"
869:
829:, as well as the granulomatous pneumonias (
808:), and the aspiration pneumonia syndromes.
601:
1770:
1756:
427:
75:
47:
1566:
1421:
1411:
1396:"HIV-associated Opportunistic Pneumonias"
1265:
1255:
1211:
1201:
1119:
1101:
1034:
1009:
964:
962:
942:
731:AP CXR showing right lower lobe pneumonia
311:(or aspiration pneumonitis) is caused by
160:Hospital-acquired pneumonia, also called
1578:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
1346:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
352:
534:, and cytomegalovirus), and fungi (eg,
375:, is a rare but severe complication of
302:
93:
14:
1905:
1339:
1040:
959:
925:Krause DC, Balish MF (February 2004).
555:Double pneumonia (bilateral pneumonia)
118:, viruses, the atypical bacteria, and
1751:
1291:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
1043:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
469:species. Less frequent pathogens are
269:
98:
968:
875:
441:patients, are highly susceptible to
149:
1340:Conces, Dewey J. (1 January 1993).
566:acute respiratory distress syndrome
24:
1849:infectious or noninfectious agents
1153:10.1016/b978-0-323-44887-1.00025-0
637:. Lobar pneumonia is often due to
454:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
25:
1929:
1838:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
1596:
579:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
573:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
331:
1413:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01534.x
944:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03899.x
890:10.7748/ns2005.06.19.42.50.c3901
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
1833:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1823:Healthcare-associated pneumonia
1495:
857:healthcare-associated pneumonia
206:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
918:
904:
560:This is a historical term for
290:, which may enter the body by
13:
1:
1892:Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome
1777:
1466:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70255-9
862:
618:or by its appearance under a
230:The American Thoracic Society
1818:Community-acquired pneumonia
1358:10.1016/0363-0188(93)90005-E
1303:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000571
1244:Canadian Respiratory Journal
1147:. Elsevier. p. 435.e4.
1055:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283521022
998:European Respiratory Journal
969:Ebby, Orin (December 2005).
509:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
232:does not recommend its use.
110:Community-acquired pneumonia
105:Community-acquired pneumonia
7:
1828:Hospital-acquired pneumonia
975:Emergency Medicine Practice
784:
520:respiratory syncytial virus
253:is invasion of the lung by
219:
156:Hospital-acquired pneumonia
10:
1934:
832:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
356:
344:, particularly during the
153:
102:
26:
1879:
1846:
1785:
1710:
1604:
1342:"Opportunistic pneumonia"
1103:10.1186/s41479-017-0035-0
1011:10.1183/09031936.00099807
64:
55:
46:
41:
1190:Respirology Case Reports
826:Blastomyces dermatitidis
793:Streptococcus pneumoniae
640:Streptococcus pneumoniae
602:By area of lung affected
460:Streptococcus pneumoniae
443:opportunistic infections
282:) is caused by chemical
126:Streptococcus pneumoniae
115:Streptococcus pneumoniae
1880:Noninfectious pneumonia
1576:Robbins Basic Pathology
593:, a previously unknown
518:species), viruses (eg,
472:Cryptococcus neoformans
435:weakened immune defense
428:Opportunistic pneumonia
408:Streptococcus pneumonia
257:, a particular kind of
1918:Medical classification
1866:Eosinophilic pneumonia
842:Histoplasma capsulatum
548:Pneumocystis jirovecii
503:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
478:Histoplasma capsulatum
251:Eosinophilic pneumonia
247:Eosinophilic pneumonia
214:mechanical ventilation
167:mechanical ventilation
130:Gram-negative bacteria
121:Haemophilus influenzae
1786:Infectious pneumonias
1516:10.1378/chest.06-1515
837:atypical mycobacteria
799:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
646:Klebsiella pneumoniae
448:Pneumocystis jiroveci
420:Klebsiella pneumoniae
414:Staphylococcus aureus
365:Necrotizing pneumonia
359:Necrotizing pneumonia
353:Necrotizing pneumonia
143:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
136:and the sixth in the
1887:Chemical pneumonitis
1856:Aspiration pneumonia
1847:Pneumonias caused by
848:Coccidioides immitis
805:Chlamydia pneumoniae
484:Coccidioides immitis
367:(NP), also known as
309:Aspiration pneumonia
303:Aspiration pneumonia
280:chemical pneumonitis
94:By location acquired
1808:Parasitic pneumonia
1793:Bacterial pneumonia
1454:The Lancet Oncology
1257:10.1155/2006/760390
659:Bronchial pneumonia
524:parainfluenza virus
373:cavitatory necrosis
58:bacterial pneumonia
1813:Atypical pneumonia
1711:External resources
707:Normal lateral CXR
649:is also possible.)
369:cavitary pneumonia
276:Chemical pneumonia
270:Chemical pneumonia
99:Community-acquired
1900:
1899:
1745:
1744:
1585:978-1-4160-2973-1
1552:10.1159/000195943
1162:978-0-323-44887-1
562:acute lung injury
528:influenza virus A
494:Toxoplasma gondii
150:Hospital-acquired
84:
83:
60:in the right lung
36:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1925:
1803:Fungal pneumonia
1772:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1736:search/pneumonia
1602:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1445:
1436:
1435:
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1415:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1337:
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1203:10.1002/rcr2.662
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1134:
1133:
1123:
1105:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1013:
1004:(6): 1285–1291.
989:
983:
982:
966:
957:
956:
946:
922:
916:
915:
908:
902:
901:
873:
776:
764:
752:
740:
728:
716:
704:
692:
591:SARS coronavirus
317:bronchopneumonia
296:lipoid pneumonia
278:(usually called
259:white blood cell
80:
79:
51:
39:
38:
21:
18:Double pneumonia
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1875:
1861:Lipid pneumonia
1848:
1842:
1798:Viral pneumonia
1781:
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1599:
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1586:
1572:Table 13-7 in:
1571:
1567:
1546:(5–6): 265–70.
1535:
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1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1460:(10): 982–992.
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1376:
1338:
1334:
1287:
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1236:
1229:
1182:
1178:
1163:
1141:
1137:
1082:
1078:
1039:
1035:
990:
986:
967:
960:
923:
919:
910:
909:
905:
874:
870:
865:
787:
780:
777:
768:
765:
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744:
741:
732:
729:
720:
717:
708:
705:
696:
693:
604:
575:
557:
489:cytomegalovirus
430:
361:
355:
334:
305:
272:
238:
222:
158:
152:
107:
101:
96:
74:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
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1858:
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1708:
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1605:Classification
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1597:External links
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1406:(4): 474–485.
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357:Main article:
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338:Dust pneumonia
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332:Dust pneumonia
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134:United Kingdom
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1629:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1196:(8): e00662.
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
980:
976:
972:
965:
963:
954:
950:
945:
940:
937:(4): 917–24.
936:
932:
928:
921:
913:
907:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
868:
860:
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852:
850:
849:
844:
843:
838:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
821:
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815:
809:
807:
806:
801:
800:
795:
794:
775:
770:
763:
758:
751:
746:
739:
734:
727:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
695:Normal AP CXR
691:
686:
685:
684:
680:
677:
669:
667:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:
642:
641:
636:
632:
630:
625:
624:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
576:
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563:
559:
558:
549:
546:species, and
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:
511:
510:
505:
504:
499:
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495:
490:
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480:
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461:
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410:
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396:
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388:
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366:
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360:
347:
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326:
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314:
310:
307:
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297:
293:
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285:
281:
277:
274:
273:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:
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243:
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233:
231:
227:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:
197:
196:
191:
190:
185:
180:
176:
173:, underlying
172:
168:
163:
157:
147:
145:
144:
139:
138:United States
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:
117:
116:
111:
106:
91:
88:
78:
72:
69:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
34:
30:
19:
1729:
1718:
1694:
1683:
1660:
1617:
1575:
1568:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1510:(3): 921–9.
1507:
1503:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1457:
1453:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1349:
1345:
1335:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1247:
1243:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1144:
1138:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1001:
997:
987:
978:
974:
934:
930:
920:
906:
884:(42): 50–4.
881:
877:
871:
853:
846:
840:
830:
824:
818:
812:
810:
803:
797:
791:
788:
681:
676:radiological
673:
666:Interstitial
665:
652:
644:
638:
628:
605:
547:
513:
507:
501:
492:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
433:People with
418:
412:
406:
387:liquefaction
372:
368:
364:
325:nursing home
295:
223:
199:
195:Enterobacter
193:
187:
171:malnutrition
169:, prolonged
159:
141:
125:
119:
113:
108:
85:
33:
1720:MedlinePlus
1540:Respiration
1487:23 February
1400:Respirology
1379:23 February
1352:(1): 5–35.
820:Actinomyces
536:Aspergillus
532:influenza B
491:(CMV), and
466:Haemophilus
380:parenchymal
342:dust storms
255:eosinophils
189:Pseudomonas
124:. Overall,
71:Pulmonology
1907:Categories
1696:DiseasesDB
878:Nurs Stand
863:References
653:Multilobar
620:microscope
612:pathologic
587:SARS-CoV-2
437:, such as
403:bad breath
313:aspirating
292:inhalation
288:pesticides
210:intubation
162:nosocomial
1913:Pneumonia
1779:Pneumonia
1731:eMedicine
1474:1470-2045
1366:0363-0188
1311:1070-5287
1112:2200-6133
1096:(1): 11.
1090:Pneumonia
1063:1070-5287
1020:0903-1936
668:pneumonia
631:pneumonia
564:(ALI) or
544:Mucorales
457:complex,
383:infection
346:Dust Bowl
321:anaerobic
284:toxicants
87:Pneumonia
66:Specialty
42:Pneumonia
29:Pneumonia
1524:17356115
1482:19071255
1432:19645867
1327:73507080
1319:30844921
1276:17036090
1222:32999723
1171:81700501
1130:28770121
1071:22388585
1028:18216055
953:14763969
898:16013205
814:Nocardia
785:Clinical
643:(though
608:anatomic
595:pathogen
583:SARS-CoV
540:Fusarium
515:Nocardia
439:HIV/AIDS
391:gangrene
286:such as
263:parasite
226:atypical
220:By cause
201:Serratia
1690:D011014
1560:1792415
1423:2835537
1374:8428506
1267:2683290
1213:7507560
1121:5525269
616:autopsy
1725:000145
1582:
1558:
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1472:
1430:
1420:
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1325:
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1061:
1026:
1018:
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542:, and
512:, and
198:, and
73:
1701:10166
1679:770.0
1504:Chest
1323:S2CID
1167:S2CID
981:(12).
629:lobar
399:cough
395:fever
175:heart
1685:MeSH
1666:9-CM
1580:ISBN
1556:PMID
1520:PMID
1489:2021
1478:PMID
1470:ISSN
1428:PMID
1381:2021
1370:PMID
1362:ISSN
1315:PMID
1307:ISSN
1272:PMID
1218:PMID
1157:ISBN
1126:PMID
1108:ISSN
1067:PMID
1059:ISSN
1024:PMID
1016:ISSN
949:PMID
894:PMID
845:and
835:and
823:and
635:lung
530:and
401:and
377:lung
212:and
184:MRSA
179:lung
177:and
1675:486
1671:480
1662:ICD
1656:P23
1652:J18
1648:J17
1644:J16
1640:J15
1636:J14
1632:J13
1628:J12
1619:ICD
1548:doi
1512:doi
1508:131
1462:doi
1418:PMC
1408:doi
1354:doi
1299:doi
1262:PMC
1252:doi
1208:PMC
1198:doi
1149:doi
1116:PMC
1098:doi
1051:doi
1006:doi
939:doi
886:doi
851:).
802:or
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610:or
371:or
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1002:31
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