34:. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales' activity space, their interactions begin to decrease. It is thus an assertion that the mathematics of the
303:, a cutoff value can be added to a distance decay function to specify a distance beyond which spatial interaction drops to zero, or to delineate a "zone of indifference" in which all interactions have the same strength.
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can be applied to many geographic phenomena, and is one of the ways in which physics principles such as gravity are often applied metaphorically to geographic situations.
461:
593:
Matous Petr; Todo
Yasuyuki; Mojo Dagne (2013). "Boots are made for walking: interactions across physical and social space in infrastructure-poor regions".
396:" holds that the amount of a nation's military power that could be brought to bear in any part of the world depends on geographic distance.
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388:", an informal statement that "All things are related, but near things are more related than far things," and the mathematical principle
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downward as distance along the x-axis increases. Distance decay can be mathematically represented as an
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315:. It can refer to various things which decline with greater distance from the center of the
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is distance. In practice, it is often parameterized to fit a specific situation, such as
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is a horizontal shift (so that the curve has a y-axis intercept at a finite value), and
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360:, and internet, the effects of distance have been reduced, a trend known as
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Distance decay is graphically represented by a curving line that swoops
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380:", which describes the forces that create the distance decay effect.
333:
quality of shops (depending on definitions of 'quality' and 'center')
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Distance decay weighs into the decision to migrate, leading many
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532:"The distance decay of similarity in biogeography and ecology"
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364:. Exceptions include places previously connected by now-
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are similar expressions of distance decay effects. "
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368:, for example, have fallen off the beaten path.
104:{\displaystyle I={\text{constant}}\times d^{-2}}
466:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
411:Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography
225:{\displaystyle I={\frac {A}{(d+B)^{k}}},}
619:
503:Distance Decay in Spatial Interactions
499:
45:
566:Spatial Analysis Methods and Practice
352:With the advent of faster travel and
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26:term which describes the effect of
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530:Nekola J. C., White P. S. (1999).
356:, such as telegraphs, telephones,
311:Distance decay is evident in town/
14:
638:
462:"Working Group on Distance Decay"
239:is a vertical stretching factor,
154:{\displaystyle I\propto 1/d^{2},}
551:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00305.x
448:Tobler's second law of geography
289:{\displaystyle I\propto e^{-d}.}
250:It can take other forms such as
485:Human Geography, eighth edition
443:Tobler's first law of geography
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607:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.04.001
595:Journal of Transport Geography
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1:
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460:Kristin Taverna, Weimin Xi.
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483:Fellman, Getis, and Getis.
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10:
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570:Cambridge University Press
421:Inverse distance weighting
49:
564:George Grekousis (2020).
394:Loss of Strength Gradient
354:communications technology
317:central business district
539:Journal of Biogeography
390:spatial autocorrelation
376:Related terms include "
30:on cultural or spatial
500:Taylor, Peter (1983).
386:First law of geography
362:time-space convergence
301:fitting the parameters
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235:in which the constant
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406:Concentric zone model
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378:friction of distance
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252:negative exponential
247:is the decay power.
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336:height of buildings
168:is interaction and
46:Mathematical models
16:Sociological effect
572:. pp. 20–23.
432:The Isolated State
426:Inverse-square law
366:abandoned railways
349:to move less far.
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64:by the expression
62:inverse-square law
52:Inverse square law
36:inverse square law
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438:Trip distribution
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468:. Archived from
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545:(4): 867–878.
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50:Main article:
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20:Distance decay
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516:0 86094 090 X
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472:on 2011-09-30
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474:. Retrieved
470:the original
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358:broadcasting
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313:city centres
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307:Applications
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32:interactions
24:geographical
19:
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601:: 226–235.
323:density of
476:2006-08-31
454:References
325:pedestrian
627:Geography
276:−
268:∝
128:∝
94:−
86:×
58:concavely
621:Category
400:See also
347:migrants
82:constant
28:distance
327:traffic
319:(CBD):
254:, i.e.
40:physics
576:
513:
164:where
535:(PDF)
507:(PDF)
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574:ISBN
511:ISBN
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