249:
Educational institutions and businesses can often need to buy or replace computer systems in large numbers. Disk imaging is commonly used to rapidly deploy the same configuration across workstations. Disk imaging software is used to create an image of a completely-configured system (such an image is
345:
frequently use disk images to emulate floppy disks that have been preserved. This is usually simpler to program than accessing a real floppy drive (particularly if the disks are in a format not supported by the host operating system), and allows a large library of software to be managed. Emulation
168:
Forensic imaging is the process of creating a bit-by-bit copy of the data on the drive, including files, metadata, volume information, filesystems and their structure. Often, these images are also hashed to verify their integrity and that they have not been altered since being created. Unlike disk
366:
Disk imaging can be slow, especially for older storage devices. A typical 4.7 GB DVD can take an average of 18 minutes to duplicate. Floppy disks read and write much slower than hard disks. Therefore, despite their small size, it can take several minutes to copy a single disk. In some cases, disk
357:
Other limitations can be the lack of access to software required to read the contents of the image. For example, prior to
Windows 8, third party software was required to mount disk images. When imaging multiple computers with only minor differences, much data is duplicated unnecessarily, wasting
102:
Disk image creation is called disk imaging and is often time consuming, even with a fast computer, because the entire disk must be copied. Typically, disk imaging requires a third party disk imaging program or backup software. The software required varies according to the type of disk image that
154:
is a computer program that emulates an actual disc authoring device such as a CD writer or DVD writer. Instead of writing data to an actual disc, it creates a virtual disk image. A virtual burner, by definition, appears as a disc drive in the system with writing capabilities (as opposed to
169:
imaging for other purposes, digital forensic applications take a bit-by-bit copy to ensure forensic soundness. The purposes of imaging the disk is to not only discover evidence preserved in digital information but also to examine the drive to gather clues of how the crime was committed.
285:
Network-based image deployment reduces the need to maintain and update individual systems manually. Imaging is also easier than automated setup methods because an administrator does not need to have knowledge of the prior configuration to copy it.
95:, which ran as large as 200 megabytes per reel. Disk images became much more popular when floppy disk media became popular, where replication or storage of an exact structure was necessary and efficient, especially in the case of
469:
241:). Virtual hard disk images tend to be stored as either a collection of files (where each one is typically 2GB in size), or as a single file. Virtual machines treat the image set as a physical drive.
33:
Traditionally, disk images were bit-by-bit copies of every sector on a hard disk often created for digital forensic purposes, but it is now common to only copy allocated data to reduce storage space.
278:
tend to be used to restore an image to many computers simultaneously. These approaches do not work well if one or more computers experience packet loss. As a result, some imaging solutions use the
262:
server to boot an operating system over a computer network that contains the necessary components to image or restore storage media in a computer. This is usually used in conjunction with a
1857:
Convention: Any item in this table that has the form of "A+B" or "A+B+C" indicates a disk format that spans multiple files, where A contains the bulk of the data, and B and C are
354:
Disk imaging is time consuming, the space requirements are high and reading from them can be slower than reading from the disk directly because of a performance overhead.
60:
strategy. Disk images can be made in a variety of formats depending on the purpose. Virtual disk images (such as VHD and VMDK) are intended to be used for cloud computing,
520:. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 57–66.
733:. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 425–428.
1402:
434:
1603:
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also allows existing disk images to be put into a usable form even though the data contained in the image is no longer readable without emulation.
155:
conventional disc authoring programs that can create virtual disk images), thus allowing software that can burn discs to create virtual discs.
250:
sometimes called a golden image). This image is then written to a computer's hard disk (which is sometimes described as restoring an image).
2010:
71:
Despite the benefits of disk imaging the storage costs can be high, management can be difficult and they can be time consuming to create.
1119:
30:
is a snapshot of a storage device's structure and data typically stored in one or more computer files on another storage device.
341:
Libraries and museums are typically required to archive and digitally preserve information without altering it in any manner.
193:. This can also be faster than reading from the physical optical medium. Further, there are less issues with wear and tear. A
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807:
Day, Michael; Pennock, Maureen; May, Peter; Davies, Kevin; Whibley, Simon; Kimura, Akiko; Halvarsson, Edith (2016).
680:. 2009 Fourth International IEEE Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering. pp. 73–84.
333:. Typically, disk imaging can be used to quickly restore an entire system to an operational state after a disaster.
2030:
1048:. 2010 Second International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science. Vol. 1. pp. 405–408.
2035:
1462:
942:
2015:
1832:
326:
1432:
1222:
2020:
1247:
Shiau, Steven J. H.; Huang, Yu-Chiang; Tsai, Yu-Chin; Sun, Chen-Kai; Yen, Ching-Hsuan; Huang, Chi-Yo (2021).
259:
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imaging can fail due to bad sectors or physical wear and tear on the source device. Unix utilities (such as
1016:
1899:
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408:
1348:
1842:
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1848:
1638:
271:
2005:
809:"The preservation of disk-based content at the British Library: Lessons from the Flashback project"
774:
68:
are used for forensic purposes. Proprietary formats are typically used by disk imaging software.
2025:
604:, SpringerBriefs in Computer Science, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 125–126,
371:) are not designed to cope with failures, causing the disk image creation process to fail. When
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897:"Securing Cloud Hypervisors: A Survey of the Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Countermeasures"
808:
779:. 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference. Salt Lake City, Utah.
57:
53:
1726:
8:
1307:
Shiau, Steven J. H.; Sun, Chen-Kai; Tsai, Yu-Chin; Juang, Jer-Nan; Huang, Chi-Yo (2018).
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Extending digital repository architectures to support disk image preservation and access
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Image restoration can be done using network-based image deployment. This method uses a
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Alexandria: The
Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues
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server to automate the configuration of network parameters including IP addresses.
143:
34:
1177:
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is the end goal, it is instead recommended to use more specialised tools (such as
1812:
1736:
1377:"Digital forensics on a shoestring: a case study from the University of Victoria"
1192:
609:
576:
Pullakandam, R.; Lin, X.; Hibler, M.; Eide, E.; Ricci, R. (October 23–26, 2011).
330:
202:
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186:
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49:
1309:"The Design and Implementation of a Novel Open Source Massive Deployment System"
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644:. 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics. pp. 1–3.
468:
Colloton, Eddy; Farbowitz, Jonathan; RodrĂguez, Caroline Gil (2022-11-02).
403:
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84:
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Construction of the
Practical Teaching System on Operating Systems Course
970:
Need for speed : A study of the speed of forensic disk imaging tools
856:"A Novel Approach to Address Interoperability Concern in Cloud Computing"
429:
419:
943:"Towards Best Practices In Disk Imaging: A Cross-Institutional Approach"
785:
585:. 23rd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. Cascais, Portugal.
1963:
1940:
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534:
393:
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1249:"A BitTorrent Mechanism-Based Solution for Massive System Deployment"
727:
Kazim, Muhammad; Masood, Rahat; Shibli, Muhammad Awais (2013-11-26).
440:
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16:
Computer file containing the contents and structure of a disk volume
1953:
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1502:
376:
342:
88:
677:
Automating Disk
Forensic Processing with SleuthKit, XML and Python
56:, as part of a backup strategy, and legacy emulation as part of a
1966:
514:
Woods, Kam; Lee, Christopher A.; Garfinkel, Simson (2011-06-13).
275:
210:
602:
Guide to
Digital Forensics: A Concise and Practical Introduction
424:
230:
108:
103:
needs to be created. For example, RawWrite and WinImage create
80:
1042:
Li, Hongwei; Yin, Changhong; Xu, Yaping; Guo, Qingjun (2010).
1530:
1485:
940:
136:
41:
are commonly used to reduce the size of the image file set.
941:
Colloton, E.; Farbowitz, J.; Fortunato, F.; Gil, C. (2019).
1979:
1789:
1769:
854:
Arunkumar, G.; Venkataraman., Neelanarayanan (2015-01-01).
325:, etc.), and allows the exact and efficient recovery after
238:
234:
226:
116:
467:
1535:
322:
79:
Disk images were originally (in the late 1960s) used for
44:
Disk imaging is done for a variety of purposes including
19:"CD image" redirects here. For ISO 9660 image files, see
575:
313:
state). For this reason, it is also used for backing up
895:
Barrowclough, John
Patrick; Asif, Rameez (2018-06-11).
579:
High-performance Disk
Imaging With Deduplicated Storage
318:
146:
can generate and load disk images for optical media. A
91:
and as large as 330 megabytes, and the copy medium was
87:
of mainframe disk media. Early ones were as small as 5
853:
730:
Securing the virtual machine images in cloud computing
435:
Protected Area Run Time
Interface Extension Services
177:
Creating a virtual disk image of optical media or a
806:
772:
638:Lee, Sang Su; Kyong, Un Sung; Hong, Do Won (2008).
596:Kävrestad, Joakim (2017), Kävrestad, Joakim (ed.),
470:"Disk Imaging as a Backup Tool for Digital Objects"
181:is typically done to make the content available to
1306:
1246:
773:Blackham, N.; Higby, C.; Bailey, M. (June 2004).
726:
513:
253:
1992:
966:
894:
305:A disk image contains all files and data (i.e.,
205:is implemented as a disk image (i.e. either the
1898:
1374:
127:program can be used to create raw disk images.
244:
139:systems to create and write disk image files.
1884:
1639:
1470:
1375:Durno, John; Trofimchuk, Jerry (2015-01-21).
862:. Big Data, Cloud and Computing Challenges.
637:
416:, an archive file of an optical media volume
1653:
1409:. Microsoft. 30 August 2011. Archived from
1891:
1877:
1646:
1632:
1484:
1477:
1463:
1349:"Fast, Scalable Disk Imaging with Frisbee"
1041:
776:Re-Imaging Computers For Multipurpose Labs
64:are intended to emulate optical media and
1324:
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912:
871:
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673:
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533:
967:Stewart, Dawid; Arvidsson, Alex (2022).
142:Authoring software for CDs/DVDs such as
1190:
1112:"Virtual CD - The original for your PC"
336:
1993:
1450:Software repository including RAWRITE2
1122:from the original on 24 September 2011
1014:
936:
934:
932:
1872:
1627:
1458:
1403:"Accessing data in ISO and VHD files"
1370:
1368:
1302:
1300:
1242:
1240:
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1236:
1154:from the original on 17 February 2011
962:
960:
189:emulate a CD/DVD drive by reading an
2011:Compact Disc and DVD copy protection
1088:. Phantombility, Inc. Archived from
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474:Conservation of Time-Based Media Art
463:
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901:Security and Communication Networks
282:protocol to overcome this problem.
13:
1407:Building Windows 8 (TechNet Blogs)
1365:
1297:
1233:
1193:"Clonezilla: build, clone, repeat"
957:
329:with modifications to a system or
289:
14:
2052:
1667:Comparison of disc image software
1615:Comparison of disc image software
1443:
985:"IBM Mainframe Operating Systems"
793:
763:
664:
560:
498:
458:
399:Comparison of disc image software
172:
1223:"Create a golden image in Azure"
1191:Bowling, Jeramiah (2011-01-01).
641:A high speed disk imaging system
1425:
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1341:
1215:
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1166:
1134:
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1078:
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1008:
977:
888:
847:
1142:"Virtual CD/DVD-Writer Device"
1021:. Prentice Hall Professional.
720:
631:
589:
349:
254:Network-based image deployment
1:
1018:Integrating Linux and Windows
674:Garfinkel, Simson L. (2009).
451:
302:(for Windows Vista and later)
74:
610:10.1007/978-3-319-67450-6_12
183:one or more virtual machines
7:
1900:Pirated movie release types
1274:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3052525
1174:"pcguide.com - Access Time"
873:10.1016/j.procs.2015.04.083
409:El Torito (CD-ROM standard)
382:
245:Rapid deployment of systems
209:format used by Microsoft's
10:
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18:
1962:
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1849:Disc Description Protocol
1841:
1803:
1735:
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1612:
1554:
1516:
1493:
1086:"Phantom Burner Overview"
860:Procedia Computer Science
650:10.1109/ISCE.2008.4559553
233:virtual machines, or the
825:10.1177/0955749016669775
482:10.4324/9781003034865-17
2031:Hardware virtualization
947:Electronic Media Review
739:10.1145/2523514.2523576
526:10.1145/1998076.1998088
158:
2036:Optical disc authoring
2016:Computer file formats
1118:. H+H Software GmbH.
1054:10.1109/ETCS.2010.184
1015:McCune, Mike (2000).
686:10.1109/SADFE.2009.12
54:system administration
2021:Disk image emulators
1556:Proprietary software
1381:The Code4Lib Journal
914:10.1155/2018/1681908
476:. pp. 204–222.
337:Digital preservation
58:digital preservation
1265:2021IEEEA...921043S
1227:learn.microsoft.com
1180:on 10 January 2019.
786:10.18260/1-2--14125
148:virtual disk writer
1599:Virtual CloneDrive
1498:Virtual disk image
1326:10.3390/app8060965
1116:Virtual CD website
311:file fragmentation
300:Backup and Restore
219:Oracle Corporation
1988:
1987:
1866:
1865:
1621:
1620:
1433:"Mount-DiskImage"
1092:on 19 August 2011
1063:978-1-4244-6388-6
1028:978-0-13-030670-8
748:978-1-4503-2498-4
705:978-0-7695-3792-4
619:978-3-319-67450-6
545:978-1-4503-0744-4
446:Software cracking
362:Speed and failure
199:solid-state drive
164:Digital forensics
113:Microsoft Windows
105:floppy disk image
46:digital forensics
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1574:DiskImageMounter
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1413:on 19 April 2012
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1176:. Archived from
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1150:. Geeknet, Inc.
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229:format used for
187:Virtual machines
144:Nero Burning ROM
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1259:: 21043–21058.
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331:virtual machine
307:file attributes
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290:Backup strategy
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237:format used by
217:format used by
203:virtual machine
195:hard disk drive
179:hard disk drive
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131:can be used on
129:Apple Disk Copy
121:similar systems
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66:raw disk images
50:cloud computing
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819:(3): 216–234.
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133:Classic Mac OS
99:floppy disks.
97:copy protected
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1828:IMG, IMA, IMZ
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997:on 2014-07-01
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39:deduplication
36:
31:
29:
22:
1974:
1805:Floppy disks
1658:file formats
1654:
1579:Disk Utility
1569:Daemon Tools
1564:Alcohol 120%
1435:. Microsoft.
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1406:
1397:
1380:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1343:
1316:
1312:
1256:
1252:
1226:
1217:
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1200:
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1186:
1178:the original
1168:
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1145:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1115:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1080:
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1010:
999:. Retrieved
992:the original
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598:"Vocabulary"
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578:
516:
473:
404:Disk cloning
365:
356:
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296:System image
284:
272:broadcasting
268:Multicasting
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101:
85:disk cloning
78:
70:
43:
32:
27:
25:
2001:Disk images
1908:Pre-release
1589:Roxio Toast
1253:IEEE Access
1147:SourceForge
866:: 554–559.
695:10945/44249
535:10945/44252
430:no-CD crack
420:Loop device
350:Limitations
35:Compression
1995:Categories
1975:Disk image
1964:Home video
1818:DC42, DART
1737:Hard disks
1655:Disk image
1526:AcetoneISO
1358:2023-01-12
1319:(6): 965.
1001:2014-06-17
625:2023-01-12
452:References
394:Card image
389:Boot image
298: and
294:See also:
280:BitTorrent
276:unicasting
223:VirtualBox
107:files for
75:Background
62:ISO images
28:disk image
1941:In-cinema
1389:1940-5758
1335:2076-3417
1291:231851821
1283:2169-3536
1209:1075-3583
923:1939-0114
882:1877-0509
833:0955-7490
441:ROM image
437:(PARTIES)
414:ISO image
343:Emulators
191:ISO image
89:megabytes
21:ISO image
1813:ADF, ADZ
1594:UltraISO
1584:MagicISO
1546:WinCDEmu
1503:RAM disk
1488:software
1417:27 April
1152:Archived
1120:Archived
1072:15706012
841:63617004
383:See also
377:ddrescue
309:and the
1967:ripping
1712:MDF+MDS
1697:CCD+SUB
1683:BIN+CUE
1261:Bibcode
1158:19 July
1126:19 July
1096:19 July
757:2474546
714:1624033
658:5932241
554:2628912
358:space.
211:Hyper-V
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425:Mtools
231:VMware
225:, the
213:, the
109:MS-DOS
81:backup
2041:Warez
1843:CD-DA
1541:mount
1531:CDemu
1508:Mount
1287:S2CID
1068:S2CID
995:(PDF)
988:(PDF)
837:S2CID
753:S2CID
710:S2CID
654:S2CID
583:(PDF)
550:S2CID
201:in a
137:macOS
115:. In
1980:PDTV
1790:VMDK
1775:UDIF
1770:QCOW
1765:NDIF
1419:2012
1385:ISSN
1331:ISSN
1279:ISSN
1205:ISSN
1201:2011
1160:2011
1128:2011
1098:2011
1058:ISBN
1023:ISBN
919:ISSN
905:2018
878:ISSN
829:ISSN
743:ISBN
700:ISBN
614:ISBN
540:ISBN
486:ISBN
323:DVDs
321:and
264:DHCP
239:QEMU
235:QCOW
227:VMDK
159:Uses
135:and
123:the
117:Unix
111:and
83:and
37:and
1949:Cam
1833:VFD
1823:DMS
1795:WIM
1785:VHD
1780:VDI
1760:ISO
1755:IMG
1750:FVD
1745:DMG
1727:UIF
1722:NRG
1717:MDX
1707:ISZ
1702:ISO
1693:IMG
1688:DAA
1536:K3b
1321:doi
1269:doi
1050:doi
909:doi
868:doi
821:doi
781:doi
735:doi
690:hdl
682:doi
646:doi
606:doi
530:hdl
522:doi
478:doi
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319:CDs
274:or
260:PXE
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215:VDI
207:VHD
197:or
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