44:. Furnished cages therefore represent a feasible alternative to battery cages in the EU after 2012. Under the directive, furnished cages must provide at least the following: 750 cm per hen, of which 600 cm is 45 cm high, a nest, a littered area for scratching and pecking, 15 cm of perch and 12 cm of food trough per hen and a claw shortening device. Austria banned battery cages in 2009 and is set to ban furnished cages by 2020. Belgium has also banned the battery cage – and proposes to ban furnished cages by 2024. Germany has introduced a ‘family cage’, which has more space than the furnished cages used in other countries, however, consumers in Germany have been rejecting these eggs. Outside the EU, Switzerland has already banned both the battery and furnished cage systems.
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whether they will meet the deadline. In France one third of egg producers have gone out of business and according to figures of the UGPVB (the industry association) 5% of producers were still not compliant as of
January 2012 and have had their licences withdrawn. This has led to fears that cheaper, illegal eggs, particularly liquid egg products, from non-compliant states will flood the market undercutting compliant egg producers. John Dalli, the EU health commissioner, has issued legal warnings to 13 countries over their lack of readiness or effort to enforce the ban. The 13 member states already found to be in breach of the directive are: Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Spain, Greece, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and the Netherlands.
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37:. The directive, passed in 1999, banned conventional battery cages in the EU from 1 January 2012 after a 13-year phase-out. Battery cages were already banned in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden prior to 2012. The directive does not apply to establishments with fewer than 350 laying hens or establishments rearing breeding laying hens. Such establishments are, however, subject to the requirements of Directive 98/58/EC. The directive is not supported with fines, penalties or export bans.
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15 EU states reported to the EU's
Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health that they had non-compliant producers. These states were Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, UK, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Romania. Some of these countries,
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It is clear that beyond the date of the law coming into effect, many hens are still being housed in battery cages. European
Commission figures show that more than 47 million hens are still (January 2012) in conventional battery cages across the EU, representing 14.3% of production, although it has
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According to figures submitted to the
European Commission in 2011, 14 countries were expected to be battery cage free by 1 January 2012. However, six states including Portugal, Poland and Romania admitted they would not be ready, while Spain and Italy, among others, did not know or would not say
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In the UK, there are approximately 31 million egg laying hens. Over £400 million has been spent to meet the standards. In
January 2012, reports stated that figures from the
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In
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71:(DEFRA) indicate 423,000 hens on 32 farms in the UK were still being housed in battery cages. This represents a non-compliance rate of 1%.
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been reported this figure might be as high as 23% of EU egg production – equivalent to 84 million hens laying 70 million eggs a day.
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on the minimum standards for keeping egg laying hens which effectively bans conventional
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200:"Farmers Guardian, December 20th, 2011"
158:"20 Minutes (France), March 28th, 2012"
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330:"Farmers Guardian, January 13th, 2012"
309:"Compassion in World Farming web-page"
136:"The Independent, December 27th, 2011"
721:Animal welfare and rights legislation
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134:Hickman, Martin (27 December 2011).
741:European Union directives by number
253:"The Telegraph, January 15th, 2012"
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690:Squamous-cell carcinoma
544:Religion and mythology
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358:Text of the directive
27:Directive 1999/74/EC
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645:Gallid herpesvirus 1
625:Dermanyssus gallinae
466:Directive 1999/74/EC
257:The Daily Telegraph
115:on 20 February 2010
605:Campylobacteriosis
336:on 16 January 2012
289:on 6 February 2012
232:on 6 February 2012
179:"Vegnews web-page"
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756:1999 in law
680:Psittacosis
665:Mycoplasmas
630:Egg binding
615:Coccidiosis
610:Candidiasis
716:Animal law
710:Categories
675:Omphalitis
635:Erysipelas
557:Cockatrice
496:Free range
425:As poultry
340:15 January
314:14 January
293:27 January
267:15 January
236:27 January
210:15 January
184:15 January
142:15 January
119:15 January
93:22 January
75:References
567:Sarimanok
448:Husbandry
731:Chickens
685:Pullorum
650:Gapeworm
600:Botulism
577:Diseases
562:Kapparos
506:Hatchery
476:Candling
396:-laying
163:29 April
138:. London
640:Fowlpox
549:culture
516:Yarding
398:chicken
526:Dishes
438:Pullet
433:Breeds
620:Colds
410:Chick
400:(hen)
547:and
342:2012
316:2012
295:2012
269:2012
238:2012
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121:2011
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415:Hen
394:Egg
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
