199:. Horwich was an experienced nursery school teacher, but her only experience in television had been when participating in televised panel and discussion programs. Since there would be no class of children in the television studio, the person hosting the show would be alone on the set and on camera. The thought of this was somewhat frightening to Horwich, but she auditioned and won the job. She was willing to give the program a try. The program was named by producer Reinald Werrenrath's three-year-old son, Peter. When he was told that a ringing school bell would begin each program, he began calling it
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183:. The program director told Waller there were more than 235,000 preschool children in the Chicago area, then he asked her what she planned to do about it. A team was formed to explore the possibilities of educational television programming to serve this young market. It was decided to produce a nursery school program in which a teacher on television would instruct students watching at home. The team also designed the show to be viewed from the standpoint of a small child. Camera shots would be taken from this vantage point and any
266:'s morning television program in the ratings. Horwich owned the rights to the program and also received certain rights through her contract with NBC. The program attracted many sponsors and Horwich had the right of refusal of them. She refused sponsors whose products had any connection with violence and insisted advertised products had to be items used by children. Other requests came from companies hoping to produce
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would bring an end to television broadcasting and revive radio programs. Since those in charge believed the program was a mistake, it was decided to air it only once. The show was scheduled to be aired in the morning of
October 2, 1952 and the station deliberately issued no publicity releases regarding it.
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Since the executives at WNBQ held that the program had no future, no one was prepared for the 150 telephone calls in support of the show which were received immediately after it aired. These calls were followed by a large amount of positive viewer mail. The amount of positive viewer response was such
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from 30 minutes to a one-hour daily program. as she felt young children should not watch television for more than a half-hour at a time. NBC also wanted to move the program from mornings to either late morning or early afternoon; this request was also refused by
Horwich. Horwich was asked to accept
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or drawing. Lessons on things like safety when crossing streets were also presented. Many children drew pictures and sent them to Miss
Frances; these drawings were displayed and discussed. Before the end of each program, Horwich would ask the children at home to bring mother to the television set.
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Many local NBC executives who were watching the show's development and its rehearsals, were very skeptical about its chances for television survival. The station's general manager viewed the program as either the worst or best television program he had ever seen; another executive thought the show
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song. She then looked directly into the camera and asked, "How are you this morning?" Just as she would in a classroom, Horwich paused a while to allow her class to answer the question. The entire program was conducted as if there was a live class of children on the television set. Activities
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The program was presented from a child's point of view. A 1953 magazine article reported, "Low-angled cameras see everything at
Lilliputian eye-level, stories and activities are paced at the slow rate just right for small ears and hands." Each program began with Miss Frances ringing a hand-held
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After the format of the program was determined, the next step was to find the right person to host the show. A list of educators who were possible candidates was compiled, and those on the list were invited to audition for the program. One of the educators on the list was
220:. With the program now scheduled to be aired every weekday morning, Horwich had two weeks to master the art of drawing, painting and doing puzzles upside-down for the television camera.
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licensed merchandise such as coloring books and crayons. Horwich insisted licensed items would not be expensive and would be educational. There were 25 books written by
Horwich, 11
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for 1952. The show was popular enough locally that it became a weekday network program in early 1953. Within two months of joining the network,
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television. After six weeks on the air locally, the program was picked up by the NBC television network. At the height of its popularity,
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would be canceled. When the program was canceled, Horwich resigned from her network position, but NBC refused to accept her resignation.
130:(albeit still produced in the WNBQ studios). It is the earliest known preschool series to be produced in the United States, predating
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159:(aka "Miss Frances"), and at one point was the most popular TV series aimed at preschoolers. The program began in 1952 at Chicago's
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In 1954, Horwich became Head of
Children's Programming for the NBC television network. She moved to New York in early 1955 and
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After being canceled by NBC, the program remained off the air until
Horwich returned to Chicago and signed an agreement with
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She would then recap what lessons and activities were covered that day and what supplies were needed for future programs.
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118:, billed as "the nursery school of the air", is a half-hour children's TV show which began on WNBQ-TV (now
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Anytime
Playdate: Inside the Preschool Entertainment Boom, or, How Television Became My Baby's Best Friend
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that the executives reversed their decision and quickly made room in their weekday morning schedule for
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the program through a
California company beginning in 1959. The program was syndicated until 1965.
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Horwich as Miss
Frances, began each show by ringing a hand-held school bell and singing the
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It is said the person who delivered the ultimatum was Robert W. Sarnoff, the son of
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179:'s program director and the director of public service and educational programming
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to air the show locally beginning in 1958. Because Horwich owned the rights to
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commercials from a sponsor who made BB guns. When she refused, she was told
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was then broadcast from there. She remained in this position until 1956 when
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TV in the USA: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas [3 volumes]
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Despite the fact that it had aired for a short time, the program won a
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Women Pioneers in Television: Biographies of Fifteen Industry Leaders
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1043:"'Lady Trapped in Television Set' Has Millions of Fans-All Under 6"
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used would need to be items easily recognized by young children.
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was organized so Horwich and parents could share their views.
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303:. Horwich had previously refused a network request to expand
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Ohles, Frederik; Ohles, Shirley M.; Ramsay, John G. (1997).
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583:"Ding Dong School Is TV Delight of the Pre-Kindergarten Set"
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463:"Frances R. Horwich, 93, Host Of 'Ding Dong School' in 50's"
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records and 30 companies selling licensed items by 1956. A
1245:"Arrow Productions ad for Ding Dong School in syndication"
1074:. The Philadelphia Inquirer. November 17, 1956. p. 18
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The idea for the program came from a conversation between
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1152:. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. December 11, 1956. p. 6D
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195:, who was head of the education department at Chicago's
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346:, in the J. Fred and Leslie W. MacDonald Collection.
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Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators
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1045:. Sunday Journal and Star. July 29, 1956. p. 40
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1467:is available for free viewing and download at the
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1289:Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street
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870:"TV School Teacher Has 6 1/2 Million in Her Class"
1171:
536:"'Ding Dong School' Paces Moppet Education Field"
490:. The Sheboygan Press. March 20, 1953. p. 18
262:had 2,400,000 daily viewers. It was also beating
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1407:The Golden Age of Chicago Children's Television
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1749:American preschool education television series
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732:"Children's TV pioneer recalls first programs"
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1251:. Cahners Publisching: 12–13. April 13, 1959
1016:. Chicago Tribune. May 15, 1955. p. 362
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1754:1950s preschool education television series
1739:1960s American children's television series
1724:1950s American children's television series
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1014:"TV's Ding Dong School Moving To New York"
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342:episodes from 1954-1955 are housed at the
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1744:Peabody Award-winning television programs
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126:a few months before its four-year run on
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1102:"Robert Sarnoff, 78, RCA Chairman, Dies"
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1734:1965 American television series endings
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16:American television program (1952–1956)
1729:1952 American television series debuts
1711:
1430:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
1409:. Southern Illinois University Press.
1383:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
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1100:Kleinfeld, N.R. (February 24, 1997).
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628:. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 76
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905:Richards, Sarah E. (July 25, 2001).
297:was canceled; replacing it would be
1424:Roberts, Kate; Scher, Adam (2014).
1405:Okuda, Ted; Mulqueen, Jack (2016).
689:
604:
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206:
13:
1697:Bozo, Gar and Ray: WGN TV Classics
1181:Wolters, Larry (January 6, 1958).
960:"Bill Ladd's Radio and TV Almanac"
928:Wolters, Larry (August 30, 1956).
730:Estes, Jane (September 24, 1973).
538:. Tucson Daily Citizen. p. 22
534:Crosby, John (February 28, 1953).
411:
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962:. The Courier-Journal. p. 13
624:Start, Clarissa (July 19, 1953).
376:The style was also used later on
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1183:"Plan News Report For Small Fry"
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839:. Brownsville Herald. p. 2
837:"Nursery School Big TV Success"
387:
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35:Miss Frances on the air in 1953
930:"Ding Dong School in 4th Year"
581:Beck, Joan (January 1, 1953).
564:Ohles, Ohles & Ramsay 1997
480:
228:
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155:, the show was hosted live by
1:
1464:Ding Dong School 1953 episode
1185:. Chicago Tribune. p. 46
1150:"Television Notes and Gossip"
1072:"NBC Puts End To 'Ding Dong'"
932:. Chicago Tribune. p. 10
835:Mosby, Ailine (May 6, 1954).
734:. Arizona Republic. p. 8
626:"Ding Dong, D-i-n-g- D-o-n-g"
585:. Chicago Tribune. p. 40
404:
1690:The BJ and Dirty Dragon Show
1427:Toys of the 50s, 60s and 70s
958:Ladd, Bill (June 28, 1956).
872:. Oakland Tribune. p. 7
7:
1226:– via Newspapers.com.
1193:– via Newspapers.com.
1160:– via Newspapers.com.
1082:– via Newspapers.com.
1053:– via Newspapers.com.
1024:– via Newspapers.com.
970:– via Newspapers.com.
940:– via Newspapers.com.
880:– via Newspapers.com.
868:Thomas. Bob (May 8, 1954).
847:– via Newspapers.com.
742:– via Newspapers.com.
636:– via Newspapers.com.
593:– via Newspapers.com.
546:– via Newspapers.com.
498:– via Newspapers.com.
429:Radio and Television Mirror
378:Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
349:
256:George Foster Peabody Award
167:had three million viewers.
152:Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
10:
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1641:Garfield Goose and Friends
1328:LoBrutto, Vincent (2017).
1218:. June 12, 1959. p. 2
435:(1): 16–17. December 1953.
170:
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1001:Okuda & Mulqueen 2016
763:Okuda & Mulqueen 2016
446:Okuda & Mulqueen 2016
86:
76:
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1719:NBC original programming
1313:. Simon & Schuster.
907:"Frances R. Horwich, 94"
787:Roberts & Scher 2014
706:Broadcasting Telecasting
363:
1286:Davis, Michael (2008).
1676:Ray Rayner and Friends
1212:"TV-Ticker-TV Preview"
708:: 83. October 20, 1952
702:"Successful One Timer"
1662:Kukla, Fran and Ollie
1505:Children's television
1349:O'Dell, Cary (1997).
1307:Hayes, Dade (2008).
1126:Miller, Roger Lee.
765:, pp. 201–202.
566:, pp. 168–169.
521:, pp. 201–202.
448:, pp. 202–203.
344:Library of Congress
242:, making toys with
422:"Ding Dong School"
300:The Price Is Right
1706:
1705:
1648:Gigglesnort Hotel
1437:978-0-8735-1941-0
1416:978-0-8093-3536-7
1394:978-0-3132-9133-3
1364:978-0-7864-0167-3
1341:978-1-4408-2973-4
1320:978-1-4165-6433-1
1299:978-0-6700-1996-0
909:. Chicago Tribune
825:, pp. 36–37.
461:Wakin, Daniel A.
197:Roosevelt College
124:Chicago, Illinois
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100:December 28, 1956
90:November 24, 1952
51:Country of origin
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181:Judith Waller
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1683:Super Circus
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1588:Don Sandburg
1563:Bill Jackson
1548:Joey D'Auria
1523:Fran Allison
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1334:. ABC-CLIO.
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1253:. Retrieved
1249:Broadcasting
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1220:. Retrieved
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1187:. Retrieved
1154:. Retrieved
1144:
1134:December 10,
1132:. Retrieved
1121:
1111:December 10,
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1095:
1078:November 28,
1076:. Retrieved
1066:
1047:. Retrieved
1037:
1020:November 30,
1018:. Retrieved
1008:
966:December 12,
964:. Retrieved
953:
936:December 12,
934:. Retrieved
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911:. Retrieved
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843:November 28,
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64:Running time
41:Presented by
22:
1292:. Penguin.
1222:December 1,
1189:December 1,
1156:December 1,
1049:December 6,
876:December 9,
669:O'Dell 1997
542:December 9,
519:O'Dell 1997
357:Romper Room
229:NBC Chicago
224:The program
136:by a year.
133:Romper Room
1713:Categories
1583:Ray Rayner
1255:August 22,
1128:"Studio A"
823:Davis 2008
799:Hayes 2008
775:Davis 2008
684:Davis 2008
472:August 22,
405:References
340:kinescoped
104:1956-12-28
94:1952-11-24
67:25 minutes
59:Production
1573:Ned Locke
1543:Roy Brown
338:Five NBC
333:syndicate
1568:Rich Koz
1533:Bob Bell
350:See also
1509:Chicago
171:Origins
120:WMAQ-TV
102: (
98: –
92: (
87:Release
77:Network
1516:Actors
1434:
1413:
1391:
1361:
1338:
1317:
1296:
325:WGN-TV
425:(PDF)
364:Notes
319:again
185:props
122:) in
1458:IMDb
1432:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1257:2016
1224:2017
1191:2017
1158:2017
1136:2017
1113:2017
1080:2017
1051:2017
1022:2017
968:2017
938:2017
915:2017
878:2017
845:2017
740:2017
714:2017
634:2017
591:2017
544:2017
496:2017
474:2016
380:and
177:WNBQ
161:WNBQ
149:and
1507:in
1456:at
1385:168
279:PTA
128:NBC
81:NBC
1715::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
