225:
491:
65:
42:
217:
1577:
was used for the dicotyledons. This is also the case in some of the systems derived from the
Cronquist system. These two systems are contrasted in the table below in terms of how each categorises by superorder; note that the sequence within each system has been altered in order to pair corresponding
1870:
from each system. Namely, although the systems share common names for many of the listed superorders, the specific list orders classified within each varies. For example, Thorne's
279:
research confirmed what had already been suspected: that dicotyledons are not a group made up of all the descendants of a common ancestor (i.e., they are not a
291:, diverged earlier than the monocots did; in other words, monocots evolved from within the dicots, as traditionally defined. The traditional dicots are thus a
2084:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV",
803:, or further divided. Some botanists prefer to retain the dicotyledons as a valid class, arguing its practicality and that it makes evolutionary sense.
2250:
2150:
2028:
1656:
1619:
1751:
302:
are the largest monophyletic group within the dicotyledons. They are distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their
1755:
2049:
2156:
1668:
1816:
272:(or monocots), typically each having one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants.
2086:
2209:
2004:
1980:
2214:
256:(angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the
2115:
446:
2157:
Tree browser for dicot orders, families and genera with species counts and estimates via the
Catalogue of Life
17:
64:
1867:
224:
2022:
276:
2227:
2167:
343:
2058:
1874:
corresponds to five distinct superorders under
Dahlgren's system, only one of which is called
2222:
1995:
Simpson, Michael G. (2011), "Chapter 7: Diversity and
Classification of Flowering Plants",
1582:
8:
441:
330:
and dicots, although these have proven to be differences primarily between monocots and
314:
pollen (or derived forms): grains with three or more pores set in furrows called colpi.
1928:
1570:
191:
59:
2000:
1976:
1071:
511:
310:
pollen (or derived forms): grains with a single sulcus. Contrastingly, eudicots have
288:
2130:
2095:
1920:
1533:
1198:
1193:
852:
832:
816:
767:
598:
586:
453:
335:
334:. Many early-diverging dicot groups have monocot characteristics such as scattered
229:
151:
1970:
1911:
1591:
1523:
1229:
968:
931:
903:
780:
655:
253:
115:
1775:
1644:
1639:
1513:
1427:
1305:
1295:
1288:
1136:
1086:
89:
2244:
2151:
World list of dicot species (a.k.a. Magnoliopsida) from the
Catalogue of Life
1596:
1518:
1279:
1239:
1234:
1131:
1106:
1051:
1043:
937:
893:
825:
812:
800:
771:
611:
515:
269:
162:
156:
1945:
1886:
1608:
1528:
1452:
1442:
1412:
1371:
1336:
1300:
1259:
1213:
1208:
1061:
1033:
1018:
998:
973:
926:
847:
796:
792:
542:
422:
50:
2190:
1858:
1847:
1660:
1632:
1627:
1614:
1603:
1543:
1498:
1467:
1447:
1417:
1341:
1321:
1314:
1264:
1222:
1203:
1178:
1116:
1076:
963:
958:
953:
942:
878:
857:
564:
529:
375:
307:
146:
2201:
216:
2134:
2048:
Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2017),
1932:
1780:
1768:
1763:
1664:
1538:
1477:
1472:
1437:
1381:
1356:
1351:
1170:
1141:
1121:
1096:
1028:
1013:
993:
988:
947:
868:
863:
626:
405:
284:
172:
134:
102:
2100:
1909:(June 1964), "The Taxa of the Higher Plants above the Rank of Order",
811:
The following lists show the orders in the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
1906:
1827:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1722:
1717:
1548:
1503:
1491:
1457:
1407:
1269:
1254:
1244:
1188:
1151:
1146:
1111:
1081:
1066:
921:
883:
784:
519:
390:
323:
292:
280:
261:
233:
140:
2161:
1924:
2184:
1852:
1840:
1835:
1822:
1811:
1734:
1729:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1508:
1432:
1422:
1376:
1366:
1346:
1331:
1249:
1183:
1126:
1101:
1091:
1008:
1003:
911:
873:
775:
695:
671:
490:
331:
327:
299:
268:
within this group. The other group of flowering plants were called
182:
129:
41:
779:. In some schemes, the eudicots were either treated as a separate
1746:
1741:
1710:
1705:
1674:
1651:
1482:
1462:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1361:
1326:
1274:
1056:
1038:
1023:
983:
978:
916:
762:
466:
436:
428:
265:
342:. In addition, some monocots have dicot characteristics such as
339:
311:
303:
205:
766:), at any rank. If treated as a class, as they are within the
2116:"Paraphyly and the origin and classification of angiosperms."
821:
76:
518:
shows that the group traditionally treated as the dicots is
257:
2051:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics
791:), or as several separate classes. The remaining dicots (
471:
Present on both the upper and lower epidermis of leaves
326:
number, other broad differences have been noted between
815:
traditionally called dicots, together with the older
770:, they could be called the Magnoliopsida after the
283:group). Rather, a number of lineages, such as the
2047:
317:
306:. Other dicotyledons and the monocotyledons have
2242:
1968:
252:), are one of the two groups into which all the
2029:University of California Museum of Paleontology
369:In fours or fives (tetramerous or pentamerous)
1866:There exist variances between the superorders
1564:
795:or basal angiosperms) may be kept in a single
474:More common on the lower epidermis of leaves
232:showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (
1962:
1569:Under the Dahlgren and Thorne systems, the
1969:Hamilton, Alan; Hamilton, Patrick (2006),
1583:Thorne system (1992) as depicted by Reveal
40:
2099:
1972:Plant conservation: An ecosystem approach
1905:
287:and groups now collectively known as the
175:included but traditionally excluded taxa
2107:
2087:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
338:, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate
223:
215:
2251:Historically recognized angiosperm taxa
2113:
2079:
2077:
1994:
404:Arrangement of vascular bundles in the
27:Historical grouping of flowering plants
14:
2243:
2083:
2166:
2165:
2041:
2017:
2015:
1988:
1899:
236:), which differ from the adult leaves
2074:
806:
24:
2012:
1938:
366:In threes (flowers are trimerous)
25:
2262:
2144:
500:
483:Comparison of monocots and dicots
1975:, London: Earthscan, p. 2,
489:
275:Largely from the 1990s onwards,
264:. There are around 200,000
63:
890:; unplaced independent lineage
363:Number of parts of each flower
900:; probable sister of eudicots
318:Comparison with monocotyledons
13:
1:
1892:
1587:
757:
1595:
1590:
505:
260:has two embryonic leaves or
7:
1880:
1565:Dahlgren and Thorne systems
10:
2267:
1163:
844:
831:
824:
2174:
1999:, Elsevier, p. 139,
745:
693:
669:
653:
646:
639:
624:
609:
602:
584:
577:
562:
555:
540:
533:
197:
190:
179:
171:
126:
121:
60:Scientific classification
58:
48:
39:
34:
2114:Stuessy, Tod F. (2010),
2024:Monocots versus Dicots
413:In concentric circles
344:reticulated leaf veins
277:molecular phylogenetic
237:
221:
2223:Paleobiology Database
1173:(mostly basal dicots)
599:core angiosperms
435:Arrangement of major
393:(leaves in the seed)
227:
219:
220:Dicotyledon plantlet
54:(white dead nettle)
1950:The Free Dictionary
746:traditional dicots
2153:, 253,406 species.
2135:10.1002/tax.593001
248:(or, more rarely,
238:
222:
2238:
2237:
2168:Taxon identifiers
2101:10.1111/boj.12385
2006:978-0-0805-1404-8
1997:Plant Systematics
1982:978-1-84407-083-1
1864:
1863:
1562:
1561:
1072:Berberidopsidales
807:APG vs. Cronquist
754:
753:
742:
741:
733:
732:
724:
723:
715:
714:
706:
705:
682:
681:
522:to the monocots:
512:phylogenetic tree
478:
477:
427:Develop from the
289:basal angiosperms
214:
213:
208:
16:(Redirected from
2258:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2163:
2162:
2138:
2137:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2057:, archived from
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2019:
2010:
2009:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1903:
1588:
853:Austrobaileyales
833:Cronquist system
822:
817:Cronquist system
768:Cronquist system
649:
648:
642:
641:
605:
604:
587:Austrobaileyales
580:
579:
558:
557:
536:
535:
526:
525:
493:
454:Secondary growth
376:furrows or pores
349:
348:
336:vascular bundles
254:flowering plants
244:, also known as
230:castor oil plant
204:
152:Austrobaileyales
122:Groups included
68:
67:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2170:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2007:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1925:10.2307/1216134
1904:
1900:
1895:
1883:
1850:
1825:
1814:
1754:
1749:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1617:
1606:
1592:Dahlgren system
1567:
1524:Scrophulariales
1240:Daphniphyllales
1230:Trochodendrales
1194:Aristolochiales
969:Crossosomatales
932:Trochodendrales
904:Ceratophyllales
835:
829:(paraphyletic)
828:
809:
760:
755:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
683:
656:Ceratophyllales
508:
503:
498:
497:
496:
495:
494:
485:
484:
320:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2219:
2206:
2196:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2145:External links
2143:
2140:
2139:
2129:(3): 689–693,
2106:
2073:
2040:
2011:
2005:
1987:
1981:
1961:
1937:
1919:(5): 160–164,
1897:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:Balanophoranae
1772:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1648:
1647:
1645:Caryophyllanae
1642:
1640:Caryophyllanae
1636:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:Callitrichales
1511:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Caryophyllales
1291:
1289:Caryophyllidae
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:Paracryphiales
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:Caryophyllales
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
950:
945:
934:
929:
924:
919:
908:
907:
906:
898:
897:
896:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
860:
855:
850:
842:
841:
830:
808:
805:
799:class, called
764:Dicotyledoneae
759:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
704:
703:
700:
699:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
675:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
652:
647:
645:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
608:
603:
601:
595:
594:
591:
590:
583:
578:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
561:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
539:
534:
532:
524:
510:The consensus
507:
504:
502:
501:Classification
499:
488:
487:
486:
482:
481:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
469:
463:
462:
461:Often present
459:
456:
450:
449:
444:
439:
432:
431:
425:
419:
415:
414:
411:
408:
401:
400:
397:
394:
386:
385:
382:
379:
371:
370:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
353:
319:
316:
270:monocotyledons
212:
211:
210:
209:
201:
200:Dicotyledoneae
195:
194:
188:
187:
186:
185:
177:
176:
169:
168:
167:
166:
159:
154:
149:
144:
137:
132:
124:
123:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
103:Spermatophytes
100:
93:
92:
87:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2263:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2176:Dicotyledones
2173:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2078:
2064:on 2017-05-17
2060:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1907:Takhtajan, A.
1902:
1898:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:circumscribed
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:Plumbaginanae
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:Thorne system
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Plantaginales
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1428:Rhizophorales
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:Plumbaginales
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Hamamelidales
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Metteniusales
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:Escalloniales
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:superasterids
1049:
1045:
1044:Zygophyllales
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
938:core eudicots
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
909:
905:
902:
901:
899:
895:
894:Chloranthales
892:
891:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
839:
838:Magnoliopsida
834:
827:
823:
820:
818:
814:
813:APG IV system
804:
802:
801:Magnoliopsida
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:
773:
769:
765:
750:
749:
738:
737:
729:
728:
720:
719:
711:
710:
702:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
687:
686:
678:
677:
674:
673:
667:
666:
663:
662:
659:
657:
651:
650:
644:
643:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
612:Chloranthales
607:
606:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
582:
581:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
560:
559:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
538:
537:
531:
528:
527:
523:
521:
517:
516:APG IV system
513:
492:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
434:
433:
430:
426:
424:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
407:
403:
402:
398:
395:
392:
388:
387:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
368:
365:
362:
361:
357:
354:
351:
350:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
235:
231:
226:
218:
207:
202:
199:
198:
196:
193:
189:
184:
181:
180:
178:
174:
173:Cladistically
170:
165:
164:
163:Ceratophyllum
160:
158:
157:Chloranthales
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
142:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
125:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:Tracheophytes
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2175:
2126:
2122:
2109:
2091:
2085:
2066:, retrieved
2059:the original
2050:
2043:
2032:, retrieved
2023:
1996:
1990:
1971:
1964:
1953:, retrieved
1949:
1940:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1887:Calyciflorae
1875:
1871:
1865:
1851:
1826:
1815:
1750:
1655:
1620:Rafflesianae
1618:
1609:Ranunculanae
1607:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1529:Campanulales
1453:Euphorbiales
1443:Rafflesiales
1413:Podostemales
1372:Diapensiales
1337:Lecythidales
1280:Casuarinales
1260:Leitneriales
1209:Ranunculales
1062:Aquifoliales
1034:Saxifragales
1019:Picramniales
999:Malpighiales
974:Cucurbitales
927:Ranunculales
848:Amborellales
837:
810:
797:paraphyletic
793:palaeodicots
788:
787:(type genus
774:
763:
761:
694:
670:
654:
625:
610:
585:
563:
543:Amborellales
541:
520:paraphyletic
514:used in the
509:
423:adventitious
355:In monocots
321:
297:
293:paraphyletic
281:monophyletic
274:
249:
245:
242:dicotyledons
241:
239:
203:Magnoliatae
161:
139:
109:
96:
83:
51:Lamium album
49:
35:Dicotyledon
29:
18:Dicotyledons
2094:(1): 1–20,
1859:Gentiananae
1848:Gentiananae
1752:Celastranae
1661:Polygonanae
1633:Nymphaeanae
1628:Nymphaeanae
1615:Magnolianae
1604:Magnolianae
1575:Magnoliidae
1544:Calycerales
1499:Gentianales
1468:Polygalales
1448:Celastrales
1418:Haloragales
1342:Nepenthales
1322:Dilleniales
1315:Dilleniidae
1301:Polygonales
1265:Juglandales
1250:Eucommiales
1245:Didymelales
1223:Hamamelidae
1214:Papaverales
1204:Nymphaeales
1179:Magnoliales
1171:Magnoliidae
1117:Gentianales
1077:Boraginales
964:Celastrales
959:Brassicales
954:superrosids
943:Dilleniales
879:Magnoliales
858:Nymphaeales
565:Nymphaeales
530:angiosperms
322:Aside from
308:monosulcate
147:Nymphaeales
116:Angiosperms
2068:2017-07-13
2034:25 January
1893:References
1781:Santalanae
1769:Santalanae
1764:Santalanae
1756:Geranianae
1665:Primulanae
1539:Dipsacales
1478:Geraniales
1473:Sapindales
1438:Santalales
1382:Primulales
1357:Capparales
1199:Illiciales
1142:Santalales
1122:Icacinales
1097:Dipsacales
1029:Sapindales
1014:Oxalidales
994:Huerteales
989:Geraniales
948:Gunnerales
869:Canellales
864:magnoliids
772:type genus
758:Historical
627:magnoliids
447:Reticulate
437:leaf veins
410:Scattered
391:cotyledons
389:Number of
378:in pollen
374:Number of
358:In dicots
312:tricolpate
285:magnoliids
262:cotyledons
234:cotyledons
135:Magnoliids
1955:2 January
1946:"Dicotyl"
1828:Aralianae
1805:Solananae
1800:Solananae
1793:Asteranae
1788:Asteranae
1723:Proteanae
1718:Proteanae
1549:Asterales
1504:Solanales
1492:Asteridae
1458:Rhamnales
1408:Proteales
1352:Salicales
1270:Myricales
1255:Urticales
1189:Piperales
1152:Vahliales
1147:Solanales
1112:Garryales
1082:Bruniales
1067:Asterales
922:Proteales
884:Piperales
836:(classis
785:Rosopsida
506:Phylogeny
324:cotyledon
141:Amborella
73:Kingdom:
2245:Category
2199:BioLib:
2185:Wikidata
1881:See also
1876:Theanae.
1853:Lamianae
1841:Loasanae
1836:Loasanae
1823:Cornanae
1812:Cornanae
1735:Myrtanae
1730:Myrtanae
1699:Violanae
1694:Violanae
1687:Malvanae
1682:Malvanae
1669:Ericanae
1571:subclass
1534:Rubiales
1509:Lamiales
1433:Cornales
1423:Myrtales
1377:Ebenales
1367:Ericales
1347:Violales
1332:Malvales
1184:Laurales
1127:Lamiales
1102:Ericales
1092:Cornales
1009:Myrtales
1004:Malvales
912:eudicots
874:Laurales
776:Magnolia
696:monocots
672:eudicots
442:Parallel
352:Feature
332:eudicots
328:monocots
300:eudicots
250:dicotyls
192:Synonyms
183:Monocots
130:Eudicots
1933:1216134
1872:Theanae
1817:Vitanae
1747:Rutanae
1742:Rutanae
1711:Rosanae
1706:Rosanae
1675:Theanae
1652:Theanae
1483:Apiales
1463:Linales
1403:Fabales
1398:Rosales
1391:Rosidae
1362:Batales
1327:Theales
1275:Fagales
1057:Apiales
1039:Vitales
1024:Rosales
984:Fagales
979:Fabales
917:Buxales
658:
467:Stomata
458:Absent
429:radicle
295:group.
266:species
77:Plantae
2215:206968
2003:
1979:
1931:
826:APG IV
783:, the
418:Roots
384:Three
340:pollen
304:pollen
246:dicots
228:Young
206:Takht.
2228:55233
2191:Q8316
2123:Taxon
2119:(PDF)
2062:(PDF)
2055:(PDF)
1929:JSTOR
1912:Taxon
1578:taxa
1573:name
781:class
110:Clade
97:Clade
84:Clade
2210:ITIS
2202:3180
2036:2012
2001:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1957:2016
1585:is:
1581:The
789:Rosa
421:Are
406:stem
399:Two
396:One
381:One
298:The
258:seed
240:The
2131:doi
2096:doi
2092:181
1921:doi
2247::
2225::
2212::
2187::
2127:59
2125:,
2121:,
2090:,
2076:^
2027:,
2014:^
1948:,
1927:,
1917:13
1915:,
1050:;
952:;
936:;
910:;
862:;
840:)
819:.
346:.
112::
99::
86::
2133::
2098::
1923::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)
