1931:
1919:
1955:
1943:
2648:
20:
64:
says that it has depaved more than 70 parking lots and removed 150,000 square feet (14,000 m) of paving since it was founded in 2008. Some cities, including
Portland, charge impervious pavement fees to cover the cost of dealing with runoff, which incentivizes depaving.
1655:
1831:
1499:
956:
2237:
89:
or increasing quality of life by replacing underutilized paved areas with green space. A 2020 study found that depaving had high effectiveness for increasing
1672:
1108:
924:
1103:
209:
971:
2687:
951:
898:
314:
607:
840:
2459:
724:
993:
941:
166:
Douglas, Ian; Anderson, P. M. L.; Goode, David; Houck, Michael C.; Maddox, David; Nagendra, Harini; Tan, Puay Yok (2020). "Depaving".
2452:
1872:
988:
563:
2107:
1203:
914:
632:
409:
2464:
1559:
1348:
506:
2469:
1208:
1171:
1025:
1010:
919:
568:
512:
1867:
1005:
375:
350:
175:
1889:
835:
830:
2332:
1370:
1148:
966:
888:
878:
861:
768:
575:
893:
1799:
1660:
1617:
1113:
1726:
1602:
1419:
612:
1993:
1959:
1597:
1577:
1524:
1476:
528:
2583:
1716:
1667:
1093:
1055:
1000:
460:
191:
100:, depaving is common on rural roads as a cost-saving measure due to the high cost of maintaining paved surfaces.
2677:
2182:
1784:
1068:
815:
122:"Let's get dirty! Le azioni di depaving dei suoli urbani per la multifunzionalitĂ degli spazi sottoutilizzati"
2672:
1894:
1429:
961:
340:
1877:
1549:
1078:
1073:
978:
845:
402:
1088:
931:
238:
Augusto, Bruno; Roebeling, Peter; Rafael, Sandra; Ferreira, Joana; Ascenso, Ana; Bodilis, Carole (2020).
2327:
1947:
1711:
1514:
1471:
1244:
1166:
1020:
2548:
2322:
2232:
1816:
1491:
1466:
1439:
1401:
1318:
1136:
983:
936:
686:
455:
450:
445:
24:
1331:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1752:
1592:
1098:
1063:
946:
873:
714:
543:
479:
440:
82:
2682:
2573:
2242:
1935:
1857:
1767:
1509:
1481:
1161:
810:
788:
395:
121:
2558:
2447:
2419:
2304:
1534:
1354:
1296:
1213:
1198:
1083:
719:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
287:
342:
Blue and Green Cities: The Role of Blue-Green
Infrastructure in Managing Urban Water Resources
2598:
2389:
2379:
2364:
2222:
2164:
1923:
1569:
1446:
1254:
704:
627:
2588:
2563:
1986:
1762:
1640:
1301:
866:
793:
38:
8:
2628:
2247:
1779:
1554:
778:
773:
2692:
2527:
1607:
1539:
1456:
1306:
1271:
1228:
1223:
1218:
783:
269:
145:
97:
2613:
2522:
2394:
2347:
2342:
2132:
2087:
1841:
1504:
1249:
1015:
798:
761:
548:
502:
371:
346:
273:
171:
149:
137:
50:
46:
2633:
2578:
2532:
2502:
2439:
2409:
2189:
1884:
1451:
1434:
1375:
1266:
1030:
744:
617:
553:
259:
251:
129:
85:. Other motivations for depaving include providing habitat for wildlife, combating
57:
2512:
2424:
2214:
2199:
2117:
2010:
1979:
1836:
1757:
1721:
1650:
1624:
1612:
1529:
1461:
1336:
1193:
805:
756:
734:
239:
240:"Short and medium- to long-term impacts of nature-based solutions on urban heat"
2608:
2568:
2314:
2294:
2122:
2055:
1789:
1645:
1587:
1582:
1424:
1313:
1045:
1040:
1035:
883:
820:
558:
538:
497:
418:
133:
86:
78:
255:
2666:
2652:
2623:
2593:
2517:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2337:
2289:
2065:
1862:
1794:
1519:
1341:
1326:
1261:
1156:
141:
61:
210:"Depaving Paradise: Grassroots Portland Group Reclaims Parking Lots by Hand"
2603:
2487:
2384:
2369:
2262:
2204:
2177:
2154:
2112:
1747:
1544:
1188:
1178:
825:
709:
622:
2429:
2414:
2299:
2267:
2252:
2227:
2172:
2149:
2102:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2050:
2023:
1774:
1291:
1283:
533:
90:
70:
42:
77:, Belgium is planning depaving as part of its Leuven2050 plan to become
2618:
2553:
2404:
2354:
2194:
2127:
2092:
2018:
1806:
1183:
315:"More people cycle than drive in this 'forward-thinking' European city"
264:
368:
Infrastructural
Brutalism: Art and the Necropolitics of Infrastructure
96:
2374:
2282:
2144:
2139:
2060:
2045:
751:
66:
2479:
2399:
2272:
2097:
2028:
729:
387:
128:(in Italian). 2019: NUMERO SPECIALE: Scrivere la terra: 164–178.
2359:
2257:
2035:
1742:
74:
237:
2040:
1656:
Cooperative
Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
739:
2277:
2002:
192:"Over-paved? Group reduces impervious surfaces in Portland"
19:
1971:
1832:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
165:
1673:
United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
45:and replacing with a permeable surface, especially
2664:
1873:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
1987:
608:History of climate change policy and politics
403:
725:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
1994:
1980:
1954:
1942:
1399:
410:
396:
288:"Leuven 2030 - Roadmap 2025 · 2035 · 2050"
161:
159:
53:, ensuring that runoff is less polluted.
1694:
1500:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
633:United Nations Climate Change conferences
365:
263:
1204:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
73:depaved parts of its area. The city of
18:
1560:National Adaptation Programme of Action
1349:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
366:Truscello, Michael (1 September 2020).
312:
168:The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology
156:
115:
113:
2688:Urban studies and planning terminology
2665:
1209:Economics of climate change mitigation
1172:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
685:
513:Scientific consensus on climate change
338:
233:
231:
1975:
1868:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
1693:
1398:
1134:
684:
596:
477:
429:
391:
119:
1890:Representative Concentration Pathway
831:Tipping points in the climate system
507:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
110:
2333:Technical aspects of urban planning
1661:Nationally determined contributions
1371:Individual action on climate change
576:World energy supply and consumption
228:
13:
1800:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
417:
14:
2704:
1727:Satellite temperature measurement
1332:forestry for carbon sequestration
613:History of climate change science
313:Daunton, Nichola (16 June 2022).
2646:
2108:Cities with the most skyscrapers
1953:
1941:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1578:Climate Change Performance Index
957:Destruction of cultural heritage
2584:Sustainable Development Goal 11
2465:Most populous national capitals
1717:Instrumental temperature record
1668:Sustainable Development Goal 13
2470:Most populous satellite cities
1785:Climate variability and change
1135:
816:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
359:
332:
306:
280:
244:Sustainable Cities and Society
202:
184:
1:
2460:Most densely populated cities
1895:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
1430:Climate emergency declaration
103:
56:The Depave Portland group in
1878:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
1104:Middle East and North Africa
430:
7:
952:Depopulation of settlements
597:
49:. Depaving can help manage
10:
2709:
2328:Theories of urban planning
2001:
1712:Global surface temperature
1603:Popular culture depictions
1515:Ecosystem-based adaptation
1245:Carbon capture and storage
1167:Carbon offsets and credits
478:
370:. MIT Press. p. 255.
339:Brears, Robert C. (2018).
198:. Terrene Institute. 2004.
196:Nonpoint Source News-notes
2642:
2541:
2478:
2438:
2323:History of urban planning
2313:
2233:Central business district
2213:
2163:
2009:
1924:Climate change portal
1911:
1850:
1817:Extreme event attribution
1735:
1704:
1700:
1689:
1633:
1568:
1490:
1440:School Strike for Climate
1412:
1408:
1394:
1363:
1319:Climate-smart agriculture
1280:
1237:
1147:
1143:
1130:
1054:
907:
854:
697:
693:
680:
603:
592:
521:
490:
486:
473:
456:Climate change adaptation
451:Climate change mitigation
446:Effects of climate change
436:
425:
256:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102122
37:, is the act of removing
25:Pierce County, Washington
1827:Global warming potential
1634:International agreements
1281:Preserving and enhancing
715:Arctic methane emissions
637:Years in climate change
544:Greenhouse gas emissions
441:Causes of climate change
345:. Springer. p. 52.
134:10.13130/2035-7680/12150
120:Garda, Emanuele (2019).
83:urban heat island effect
2574:Million Tree Initiative
1858:Climate change scenario
1510:Disaster risk reduction
1162:Carbon emission trading
972:U.S. insurance industry
942:Civilizational collapse
789:sea surface temperature
16:Resurfacing paved areas
2559:Ecological engineering
2448:World's largest cities
2420:Cycling infrastructure
2305:Peri-urban agriculture
1851:Research and modelling
1535:Nature-based solutions
1355:Nature-based solutions
1297:Carbon dioxide removal
1214:Fossil fuel divestment
1199:Climate risk insurance
1109:Small island countries
720:Arctic sea ice decline
27:
2678:Stormwater management
2599:Urban forest inequity
2390:Multiple nuclei model
2380:Concentric zone model
2365:Mixed-use development
2238:Most expensive cities
2223:World's cities by GDP
1812:Earth's energy budget
1695:Background and theory
1583:Climate crisis (term)
1255:Fossil fuel phase-out
1149:Economics and finance
1114:by individual country
1056:By country and region
1031:Security and conflict
1026:Psychological impacts
705:Abrupt climate change
628:Charles David Keeling
461:By country and region
292:roadmap.leuven2030.be
22:
2673:Pavement engineering
2589:Sustainable urbanism
2564:Green infrastructure
1641:Glasgow Climate Pact
1302:Carbon sequestration
867:Mass mortality event
39:impermeable surfaces
2629:Urban reforestation
2248:Most livable cities
1780:Climate sensitivity
1555:The Adaptation Fund
1011:Infectious diseases
908:Social and economic
2528:Urban homesteading
2453:throughout history
1351:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
1323:Forest management
1307:Direct air capture
1272:Sustainable energy
1229:Net zero emissions
1224:Low-carbon economy
1219:Green Climate Fund
1006:Indigenous peoples
899:Plant biodiversity
687:Effects and issues
98:National Academies
28:
2660:
2659:
2653:Cities portal
2614:Urban heat island
2523:Urban exploration
2395:Linear settlement
2343:Public open space
2183:direct-controlled
2133:Abandoned village
2088:Metropolitan area
1969:
1968:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1842:Radiative forcing
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1505:Adaptive capacity
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1250:Energy transition
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
836:Tropical cyclones
762:Urban heat island
676:
675:
588:
587:
584:
583:
549:Carbon accounting
503:Greenhouse effect
469:
468:
377:978-0-262-53904-3
352:978-1-137-59258-3
177:978-0-429-01526-7
51:stormwater runoff
2700:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2634:Zero-carbon city
2579:Sustainable city
2533:Unitary urbanism
2503:Urban morphology
2440:Urban population
2410:Bicycle-friendly
2190:Independent city
2165:Urban government
2123:Shrinking cities
1996:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1885:Paleoclimatology
1702:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1452:Ecological grief
1435:Climate movement
1410:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1376:Plant-based diet
1267:Renewable energy
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:
967:Economic impacts
889:Invasive species
745:Coastal flooding
695:
694:
682:
681:
618:Svante Arrhenius
594:
593:
564:from agriculture
554:Carbon footprint
539:Greenhouse gases
488:
487:
475:
474:
427:
426:
412:
405:
398:
389:
388:
382:
381:
363:
357:
356:
336:
330:
329:
327:
325:
310:
304:
303:
301:
299:
284:
278:
277:
267:
235:
226:
225:
223:
221:
206:
200:
199:
188:
182:
181:
163:
154:
153:
117:
33:, also known as
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2537:
2513:Urban sociology
2474:
2434:
2425:Pedestrian zone
2309:
2243:Cheapest cities
2215:Urban economics
2209:
2200:Autonomous city
2159:
2118:Suburbanization
2011:Urban geography
2005:
2000:
1970:
1965:
1918:
1916:
1899:
1846:
1837:Orbital forcing
1731:
1696:
1677:
1651:Paris Agreement
1629:
1625:Warming stripes
1564:
1530:Managed retreat
1525:Loss and damage
1486:
1420:Business action
1404:
1382:
1359:
1282:
1276:
1233:
1194:Climate finance
1139:
1118:
1050:
903:
879:Extinction risk
855:Flora and fauna
850:
811:Permafrost thaw
806:Ozone depletion
735:Extreme weather
689:
672:
599:
580:
517:
482:
465:
432:
421:
416:
386:
385:
378:
364:
360:
353:
337:
333:
323:
321:
311:
307:
297:
295:
286:
285:
281:
236:
229:
219:
217:
214:Streetsblog USA
208:
207:
203:
190:
189:
185:
178:
164:
157:
126:Altre ModernitĂ
118:
111:
106:
93:replenishment.
81:and combat the
17:
12:
11:
5:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:Urban planning
2680:
2675:
2658:
2657:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Urban forestry
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Green urbanism
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Climate change
2545:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2338:Urban planners
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2315:Urban planning
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Municipal bond
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:Satellite city
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1790:Cloud feedback
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1646:Kyoto Protocol
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1600:
1598:Media coverage
1595:
1590:
1588:Climate spiral
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1477:Public opinion
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1425:Climate action
1422:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1337:REDD and REDD+
1334:
1329:
1321:
1316:
1314:Carbon farming
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1046:Water security
1043:
1041:Water scarcity
1038:
1036:Urban flooding
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
986:
981:
976:
975:
974:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
928:
927:
922:
911:
909:
905:
904:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Forest dieback
881:
876:
871:
870:
869:
858:
856:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
821:Sea level rise
818:
813:
808:
803:
802:
801:
796:
794:stratification
791:
786:
781:
776:
766:
765:
764:
759:
749:
748:
747:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
699:
691:
690:
678:
677:
674:
673:
671:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
604:
601:
600:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
579:
578:
573:
572:
571:
566:
561:
559:Carbon leakage
556:
551:
541:
536:
531:
525:
523:
519:
518:
516:
515:
510:
500:
498:Climate system
494:
492:
484:
483:
471:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
437:
434:
433:
423:
422:
419:Climate change
415:
414:
407:
400:
392:
384:
383:
376:
358:
351:
331:
305:
279:
227:
216:. 12 June 2019
201:
183:
176:
155:
108:
107:
105:
102:
87:climate change
79:carbon-neutral
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2705:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2655:
2654:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:Urban prairie
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Urban ecology
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Anti-urbanism
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Urban culture
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Urban studies
2496:
2494:
2493:Urban warfare
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Urban renewal
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Commuter town
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Climate model
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:Cloud forcing
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1688:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1570:Communication
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Vulnerability
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Flood control
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:reforestation
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:afforestation
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Nuclear power
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Carbon budget
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
994:Mental health
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
926:
925:United States
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
913:
912:
910:
906:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
859:
857:
853:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:deoxygenation
777:
775:
774:acidification
772:
771:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
750:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
602:
595:
591:
577:
574:
570:
569:from wetlands
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
529:Deforestation
527:
526:
524:
520:
514:
511:
508:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
435:
428:
424:
420:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
390:
379:
373:
369:
362:
354:
348:
344:
343:
335:
320:
316:
309:
293:
289:
283:
275:
271:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
234:
232:
215:
211:
205:
197:
193:
187:
179:
173:
170:. Routledge.
169:
162:
160:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
116:
114:
109:
101:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
62:United States
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
21:
2644:
2604:Urban forest
2488:New Urbanism
2385:Sector model
2370:Urban design
2263:Modern ruins
2205:Capital city
2178:Municipality
2155:College town
2113:Urbanization
1958:
1946:
1934:
1915:
1748:Carbon cycle
1705:Measurements
1400:Society and
1284:carbon sinks
1189:Climate debt
1179:Carbon price
1001:Human rights
826:Season creep
784:heat content
710:Anoxic event
623:James Hansen
367:
361:
341:
334:
322:. Retrieved
318:
308:
296:. Retrieved
291:
282:
247:
243:
218:. Retrieved
213:
204:
195:
186:
167:
125:
95:
55:
43:parking lots
34:
30:
29:
23:Depaving in
2542:Environment
2430:Walkability
2415:Cyclability
2348:Green space
2300:Habitat III
2268:Shanty town
2253:Urban decay
2228:Global city
2173:City status
2150:Closed city
2103:Megalopolis
2083:Conurbation
2071:City proper
2051:Twin cities
2024:City centre
1775:Carbon sink
1753:atmospheric
1618:video games
1292:Blue carbon
915:Agriculture
894:Marine life
841:Water cycle
799:temperature
534:Fossil fuel
265:10773/28254
91:groundwater
71:Netherlands
47:green space
2667:Categories
2619:Urban park
2554:Eco-cities
2405:Smart city
2355:Urban wild
2195:City-state
2128:Ghost town
2093:Metropolis
2019:Urban area
1807:Cryosphere
1768:permafrost
1540:Resilience
1492:Adaptation
1467:Litigation
1457:Governance
1402:adaptation
1184:Carbon tax
1137:Mitigation
1074:Antarctica
962:Disability
294:(in Dutch)
250:: 102122.
104:References
2693:Greenways
2375:Grid plan
2283:Squatting
2145:Tent city
2140:Lost city
2061:Edge city
2046:Core city
1822:Feedbacks
1593:Education
1094:Caribbean
1089:Australia
1016:Migration
979:Fisheries
920:Livestock
846:Wildfires
752:Heat wave
274:214214713
150:212871716
142:2035-7680
67:Eindhoven
35:desealing
2480:Urbanism
2400:Land use
2273:Skid row
2098:Megacity
2029:Downtown
1948:Glossary
1936:Category
1758:biologic
1472:Politics
1364:Personal
1069:Americas
932:Children
698:Physical
491:Overview
431:Overview
319:euronews
58:Portland
41:such as
31:Depaving
1763:oceanic
1613:fiction
1462:Justice
1413:Society
1021:Poverty
730:Drought
598:History
522:Sources
324:22 June
298:22 June
220:22 June
2360:Zoning
2258:Ghetto
2076:limits
2036:Suburb
2003:Cities
1743:Albedo
1736:Theory
1447:Denial
1238:Energy
1099:Europe
1079:Arctic
1064:Africa
989:Health
984:Gender
937:Cities
862:Biomes
769:Oceans
757:Marine
480:Causes
374:
349:
272:
174:
148:
140:
75:Leuven
2041:Exurb
1960:Index
1722:Proxy
1482:Women
947:Crime
874:Birds
740:Flood
270:S2CID
146:S2CID
2278:Slum
1545:Risk
1084:Asia
666:2024
661:2023
656:2022
651:2021
646:2020
641:2019
372:ISBN
347:ISBN
326:2022
300:2022
222:2022
172:ISBN
138:ISSN
1608:art
260:hdl
252:doi
130:doi
2669::
317:.
290:.
268:.
258:.
248:57
246:.
242:.
230:^
212:.
194:.
158:^
144:.
136:.
124:.
112:^
69:,
60:,
1995:e
1988:t
1981:v
509:)
505:(
411:e
404:t
397:v
380:.
355:.
328:.
302:.
276:.
262::
254::
224:.
180:.
152:.
132::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.