2107:
633:
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269:
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588:
31:
388:
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damage, calligraphers were hired to add new text, often from the wrong part of the work, as
Demotte did not expect his new clientele of wealthy collectors to be able to read Persian. This has left the subject of some miniatures still uncertain, as the surrounding text does not match them. Scholars have been very critical of the "infamous" Demotte, and it irked many that the manuscript he treated so brutally carried his name, so the new name of "Great Mongol
2452:
377:
87:
2114:
437:, with work on the manuscript probably brought to an end by his murder in May 1336. Both these points have been generally accepted, though the lack of evidence for either has been noted, and in particular some scholars favour a period of creation stretching over a much longer period. The main alternative initial patron proposed has been the last of the main line of Ilkhanid rulers,
356:, where the book was researched, scribed, illustrated and bound. The intention was to produce two illustrated manuscript copies each year, one in Persian and one in Arabic, for distribution around the empire; parts of three of these survive, as well as parts of other books from the workshop. They are illustrated in a fairly consistent style, which the Great Mongol
187:, in the shape of gnarled trees, round-topped wave-like rocks and tightly curling strips of cloud, dominate the landscapes and skies. In many images, large main figures dominate the composition in a way unusual in Persian miniatures, though common in the West. In Chinese art, there were large main figures, but these were not combined with
476:
library: the folios were trimmed, remargined, and renumbered, with missing text supplemented on new paper folios, written out by Tehran calligraphers following fourteenth-century style. Many of the paintings were retouched, with occasional
Persian commentary written onto them. It first appeared in Europe with
632:
499:
and other potential buyers. He then separated the miniatures and sold them, after various physical interventions to increase the sale value, and without properly recording the original form of the book. Pages were pulled apart to give two sides with miniatures, and to disguise this and the resulting
326:
The books had a political purpose, which is reflected in the choice of incidents to illustrate: "in such works, the hitherto stubbornly alien rulers of Iran were expressing a new and public commitment to the religion and cultural heritage of the very lands that they themselves had devastated some two
121:
Like other
Persian manuscripts, it uses paper. Excluding blank margins, the pages are 41 by 29 cm, with the text in six columns of 31 lines where not interrupted by the miniatures. These mostly take the full width of the page, and are placed at various heights within it. None are full page. Some
125:
The style, technique and artistic quality of the miniatures are highly variable; it has been suggested that different artists were responsible for them, but attempts to assign the miniatures to different hands have not achieved consensus. There seems to be experimentation in several respects. Some
417:
period, and was clearly a massive project commissioned by someone important in the court, probably with the ruler as the ultimate recipient, either through a gift or a delegated commission. Recent studies of the manuscript have been dominated by the conclusions reached at a seminar at
Harvard in
1133:
Canby, 33; Iranica:"The manuscript is thought to have belonged to the Qajar royal library, for it was photographed while still bound ... by Antoin
Sevrugin, court photographer to the rulers Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1264-1313/1848-96) and Moẓaffar-al-Dīn Shah (1313-24/1896-1907 ...). Moḥammad-ʿAlī Shah
175:
much less so. Themes given emphasis by the choices of what to illustrate include "the enthronement of minor kings, dynastic legitimacy, and the role of women as kingmakers", as well as scenes of murder and mourning. These choices are usually taken as reflecting contemporary political events,
475:
The manuscript seems to have remained in Tabriz until the early 16th century, if not later, and then at some point entered the main library of the shahs, where it was photographed in the late 19th century, still bound. At this point it was extensively restored, probably at the
Golestan Palace
79:, probably dating to the 1330s. In its original form, which has not been recorded, it was probably planned to consist of about 280 folios with 190 illustrations, bound in two volumes, although it is thought it was never completed. It is the largest early book in the tradition of the
83:, in which it is "the most magnificent manuscript of the fourteenth century", "supremely ambitious, almost awe-inspiring", and "has received almost universal acclaim for the emotional intensity, eclectic style, artistic mastery and grandeur of its illustrations".
211:. It covers the pre-Islamic history of Persia, beginning in pure legend, but by the final Sassanid kings giving a reasonable accurate historical account, mixed in with romantic stories. It represented an assertion of Persian national identity, begun during the
441:, who died in 1335, as did his sons, all apparently of the plague, so precipitating the splitting of the Ilkhanate into small states. If this was the case, Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Moḥammad might very well have still been responsible for fulfilling the commission.
656:
1293:
287:
Tiles with verses from the
Shahnameh have been found in a Mongol palace, dating from about 1280. It is clear from literary references that there was a pre-Islamic tradition of illustrating stories later included in the
611:
194:
As regards their shape, 29 are horizontal rectangles, 8 vertical ones, and 12 squares, giving a total of 49 rectangular images. Stepped images total nine, with 5 symmetrical and four not (so 58 in total).
715:
693:
1077:
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561:
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art dealer active from 1900–23 in Paris: "Demotte is said to have acquired the manuscript in Paris in about 1910; he bought it from
Shemavan Malayan, brother-in-law of the well-known dealer
249:). The Mongols initially mostly continued a nomadic lifestyle and lived separately from their Persian subjects, but increasingly settled in Persian cities and developed an understanding of
130:
have not lasted well. The miniatures have elements derived from both
Chinese and (less often) Western traditions; for example the mourners of Iskandar draw from Christian depictions of the
2106:
109:, about a century after their conquest, and just as the dynasty was about to collapse. It remained in Persia until the early 20th century, when it was broken up in Europe by the dealer
307:
s, perhaps the earliest, whose small size (text and image area of 250 x 170 mm in a typical example) may have suited nomadic owners, and four manuscripts for the semi-independent
587:
296:
before the 14th century, and the ten surviving manuscripts from between 1300 and 1350 all appear to have been produced for
Mongols. Possibly a relative unfamiliarity with the
1462:
1134:(1324-27/1907-09) and members of his household are said to have been selling manuscripts from the dynastic collection as early as 1908, in order to meet personal expenses."
122:
miniatures use irregular "stepped" shapes to suit the subject. Given the history of the manuscript (see below), the usual system of numbering by folios cannot be applied.
292:
in wall-paintings and probably other media, and some Islamic ceramics may well show such scenes. But there are no survivals, or mentions, of illustrated books of the
233:
had begun to conquer Persia in 1219, and completed it in the 1250s, founding the sub-dynasty and state known as the Ilkhanate, which as well as Persia included modern
191:, as they are here. The display of emotion by figures is also unusual; the convention for depicting grief is borrowed from Christian art. Kings often have halos.
409:
with details of when the work was produced and who commissioned it, which many Persian manuscripts have, has been lost. The work has always been located to
164:
1479:
429:
This proposed a short period of creation, with the start of work very precisely dated to "between November 1335 and May 1336", and a commission by
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268:
567:
472:
dynasty reigning 1356–74. If the period of creation was in fact protracted, this account might refer to the later stages of work.
147:
360:
builds on and significantly develops. After Rašīd-al-Dīn was executed in 1318 the workshop declined or ceased, but his son
30:
1218:
Carboni and Adamjee; but Blair & Bloom and Iranica say 58; apparently one was destroyed in 1937, see Sims, 274, in note
1517:
113:, and now exists as 57 individual pages, many significantly tampered with, in a number of collections around the world.
387:
126:
miniatures are paintings in ink lines and coloured washes, others use opaque watercolour, in a range of palettes. Some
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2476:
1412:
1342:
685:
552:
17:
261:
reached the throne in 1295. However, the Mongols remained largely culturally distinct at the time the Great Mongol
448:
wrote a history of Persian painting in about 1544, over 200 years later, in which he refers to an important royal
434:
361:
460:. Dust Muhammad traced the style of painting used in his day to a painter called Ahman Musa, and described the
1426:
1386:
1371:
1328:
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was commissioned by Ghazan to continue a history of the Mongols, which he completed in 1307, and the next khan
163:, and even allowing for the limited proportion that have survived, the illustrations show unusual choices. The
507:
Currently, 57 miniatures from this manuscript have been identified in museums around the world, including the
38:
1489:
1668:
140:
appear in other miniatures. Even costumes are highly variable: 37 styles of hat have been found, and 8 of
1474:
2264:
624:
1294:"Bahram Gur Sends his Brother Narsi as Viceroy to Khurasan, from the Great Mongol ('Demotte') Shahnamah"
2185:
1876:
496:
327:
generations previously—and doing so with an urgency that suggested they were making up for lost time."
2415:
2334:
663:
603:
579:
438:
1262:
1166:
1227:
1510:
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Sims, 277 (see also David Morgan, p. 429-430, in the same volume); Blair & Bloom, 28; Iranica
648:
1393:
2241:
707:
598:
512:
430:
335:
2382:
1242:
Zal meets king Manuchihr, asking for his mercy, from the Book of Kings (Shahnama) by Firdausi
1146:
Zal meets king Manuchihr, asking for his mercy, from the Book of Kings (Shahnama) by Firdausi
477:
406:
137:
132:
110:
1198:"Nushirvan Eating Food Brought by the Sons of Mahbud", Folio from a Shahnama (Book of Kings)
180:, which was ravaging Persia in these years. They have been described as "often doom-laden".
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1144:
772:
508:
465:
344:
95:
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1721:
8:
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168:
152:
91:
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2041:
2016:
2011:
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1821:
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212:
188:
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2405:
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1801:
1422:
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1367:
1366:, Volume 3, Editors: Jonathan Bloom, Sheila S. Blair, 2009, Oxford University Press,
1338:
1324:
353:
280:; as he dies Rustam shoots his treacherous brother through the tree he hides behind.
216:
80:
1443:
Epic Images and Contemporary History: The Illustrations of the Great Mongol Shahnama
456:
is not. Nevertheless, many scholars have thought he was describing the Great Mongol
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2201:
2074:
1711:
1610:
681:
297:
220:
2400:
2390:
2084:
1816:
1716:
1483:
1074:
Masterpieces from the Department of Islamic Art in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
571:
548:
485:
399:
176:
including "tensions between the Il-khanid dynasty and Persian subjects", and the
319:
in the south-west. This latter group, probably all later than the Great Mongol
2251:
2246:
2089:
2079:
1648:
1072:
Ekhtiar, Maryam, Sheila R. Canby, Navina Haidar, and Priscilla P. Soucek, ed.,
520:
281:
1379:
The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256–1353
1275:
750:
495:
Demotte failed to raise the price he wanted for the whole manuscript from the
348:, the earliest manuscript of which also dates to 1307. Rašīd-al-Dīn set up a
257:, which happened rapidly, at least among the elite, after the newly-converted
2470:
2420:
1968:
1676:
445:
230:
106:
72:
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1419:
Persian Miniature Painting, and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India
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1919:
1076:, 2011, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, no. 57, pp. 89, 96–97, ill. p. 96,
423:
339:
246:
76:
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1618:
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349:
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184:
177:
1937:
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revived it when he rose in the court in the 1330s, and the Great Mongol
2211:
1924:
1643:
643:
594:
391:
376:
250:
219:
had lost effective control of Persia. By the time it was finished the
86:
1889:
1027:
Grove (fullest); Canby, 31–32; Blair & Bloom, 26–28; Titley, 18–19
155:) at the Talking Tree, which foretells his death. Freer Gallery of Art
2231:
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223:
102:
67:
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small thumb images and catalogue information; full images restricted
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small thumb images and catalogue information; full images restricted
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2180:
2046:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1929:
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1532:
677:
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544:
481:
452:, which he describes as "square" in format, which the Great Mongol
208:
34:
207:, an epic poem of about 60,000 couplets, was completed in 1010 by
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2175:
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1991:
1986:
1914:
1909:
1884:
1851:
1811:
1806:
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547:, and other cities, as well as private collections including the
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1963:
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Ilkhanid Illustrations in the Great Mongol (Demotte) Shāh-Nāmeh
1377:
Hillenbrand, Robert, in Linda Komaroff, Stefano Carboni, eds.,
1000:
Discussed at length by Sims; Grove; Canby, 34–38; Titley, 38–39
770:
Hillenbrand, 155; it is slightly larger than the copies of the
540:
528:
524:
516:
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410:
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331:
312:
308:
277:
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From the vast range of potential moments to illustrate in the
136:, and reminiscences of several other standard scenes from the
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2221:
2206:
2026:
1978:
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1796:
1726:
1706:
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1230:; technically some are Freer Gallery, others Sackler Gallery
982:, the oldest text-only manuscript to survive, dates to 1217
245:
and several other countries (especially parts of the former
1952:
1595:
1580:
330:
In the first decade of the 13th century the Persian Jewish
323:, are influenced by it, though much less complex in style.
234:
1450:
Shahnama: The Visual Language of the Persian Book of Kings
171:, is very heavily illustrated, while the longer story of
1364:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
1323:, 1995, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art,
834:
Hillenbrand, 162–165; Blair & Bloom, 30; Canby, 34
464:
as produced by a pupil of his, called Shamsuddin, for
1349:
Folios from the Great Mongol Shahnama (Book of Kings)
300:and the text may have encouraged adding pictures.
504:" was promoted, and has generally won acceptance.
523:, Metropolitan Museum of Art (2), and museums in
2468:
728:, asking for his mercy, Chester Beatty Library
1511:
1321:The Art and Architecture of Islam, 1250–1800
1200:, Metropolitan Museum of Art; see commentary
511:, which has the largest group at 16 pages,
1518:
1504:
761:Carboni and Adamjee; Blair & Bloom, 28
51:(persian: شاهنامه دموت) also known as the
1525:
662:Ardashir Battles Bahman, Son of Ardavan.
1403:Sims, Eleanor, in Komaroff, Linda (ed),
386:
375:
267:
146:
85:
29:
1319:Blair, Sheila, and Bloom, Jonathan M.,
368:is assumed to have been created there.
14:
2469:
1492:(All 58 folios attributed by D. Brian)
680:Sends his Brother Narsi as Viceroy to
101:It was produced in the context of the
65:, is an illustrated manuscript of the
1499:
2482:14th-century illuminated manuscripts
1445:, 1980, University of Chicago Press.
1381:, 2002, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
27:Persian style illustrated manuscript
1421:, 1983, University of Texas Press,
1078:online at MMA, in "Catalogue entry"
1018:Canby, 31; Blair & Bloom, 26–28
702:dictates a letter to the Khaqan of
515:(11 folios with 7 miniatures), the
105:court ruling Persia as part of the
24:
2119:
2112:
2105:
1432:
1347:Carboni, Stefano, Adamjee, Qamar,
253:culture, as well as converting to
25:
2493:
1456:
1405:Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan
1353:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
861:Canby, 34; Titley, 22; Grove, 202
686:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
642:Holds a Banquet for his Minister
553:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
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2280:Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)
870:Blair & Bloom, 30; Canby, 34
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1392:"Iranica", "Demotte ŠĀH-NĀMA",
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1357:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1337:, 1993, British Museum Press,
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549:Keir Collection of Islamic Art
13:
1:
2289:Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)
1486:, incomplete list with images
1313:
426:(see Further reading below).
342:ordered a world history, the
198:
116:
39:Harvard University Art Museum
2292:Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan
303:These include three "small"
90:Mourning the dead Iskandar (
7:
625:Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
418:1975, published in 1980 by
167:, a Persianized version of
10:
2498:
2286:Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid
2283:Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)
1448:Hillenbrand, Robert, ed.,
497:Metropolitan Museum of Art
488:, who had brought it from
371:
2446:
2370:
2302:
2273:
2194:
2130:
2103:
2060:
1977:
1951:
1875:
1667:
1609:
1546:
1539:
1400:, accessed 28 August 2016
1359:(accessed 22 August 2016)
1277:Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon
780:of a few decades earlier.
664:Detroit Institute of Arts
604:Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
580:Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
2477:Manuscripts of Shahnameh
1106:Blair & Bloom, 30–31
897:Titley, 22–24; Canby, 34
825:Blair & Bloom, 28–30
778:Compendium of Chronicles
733:
352:in the Tabriz suburb of
1282:Cleveland Museum of Art
915:Grove, 216–217; Iranica
649:Cleveland Museum of Art
2416:Rostam's Seven Labours
2295:Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)
2124:
2117:
2110:
1469:University of Michigan
1228:Freer/Smithsonian page
978:Hillenbrand, 150; The
708:Chester Beatty Library
513:Chester Beatty Library
402:
384:
284:
272:The death of the hero
156:
98:
41:
2411:Rostam and Esfandiyar
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2109:
1124:Blair & Bloom, 28
969:Titley, 22; Canby, 30
852:Blair & Bloom, 30
843:Blair & Bloom, 30
789:Blair & Bloom, 28
574:and the Visit to the
390:
379:
271:
150:
138:Life of Christ in art
133:Lamentation of Christ
89:
33:
1867:Eskandar (Alexander)
1441:, and Sheila Blair,
1394:Encyclopædia Iranica
509:Freer Gallery of Art
466:Shaikh Awais Jalayir
435:Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Moḥammad
362:Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Moḥammad
96:Freer Gallery of Art
1298:Khalili Collections
169:Alexander the Great
153:Alexander the Great
92:Alexander the Great
2427:Khosrow and Shirin
2265:Other locations...
2125:
2118:
2111:
1482:2019-05-06 at the
1417:Titley, Norah M.,
1333:Canby, Sheila R.,
980:Florence Shahnameh
751:by the Fogg Museum
403:
385:
285:
226:had taken over.
213:Iranian Intermezzo
189:landscape painting
157:
99:
42:
2464:
2463:
2438:Persian mythology
2433:Bijan and Manijeh
2406:Rostam and Sohrab
2101:
2100:
1877:Female characters
1857:Rostam Farrokhzād
1802:Zangay-i Shavaran
773:Jami' al-tawarikh
468:, a ruler of the
380:Enthroned ruler,
345:Jami' al-tawarikh
217:Abbasid Caliphate
165:story of Iskandar
81:Persian miniature
18:Demotte Shahnameh
16:(Redirected from
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2454:
2453:
2075:House of Goudarz
1544:
1543:
1520:
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1476:Shahnama Project
1452:, 2004, Ashgate.
1335:Persian Painting
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1009:Hillenbrand, 137
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745:"Great Ilkhanid
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444:The miniaturist
298:Persian language
183:Borrowings from
37:killing a wolf,
21:
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2401:Zal and Rudabeh
2391:Derafsh Kaviani
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2338:of Shah Tahmasp
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2190:
2132:
2126:
2097:
2085:House of Nowzar
2062:
2056:
1973:
1947:
1871:
1669:Male characters
1663:
1605:
1535:
1524:
1484:Wayback Machine
1459:
1435:
1433:Further reading
1407:, 2012, BRILL,
1389:, 9781588390714
1374:, 9780195309911
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2323:(or Demotte)
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1920:Banu Goshasp
1526:
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1439:Grabar, Oleg
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1301:. Retrieved
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807:Canby, 33–34
803:
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551:(4) and the
506:
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474:
461:
457:
453:
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431:Rašīd-al-Dīn
428:
424:Sheila Blair
413:in the late
404:
365:
357:
343:
336:Rašīd-al-Dīn
329:
325:
320:
304:
302:
293:
289:
286:
262:
247:Soviet Union
228:
204:
202:
193:
182:
160:
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131:
124:
120:
100:
77:Greater Iran
66:
61:
59:
54:
52:
47:
45:
43:
2327:Baysonghor
2303:Manuscripts
2153:Div-e Sepid
2148:Arzhang Div
2133:and animals
1634:Kay Lohrasp
1629:Kay Khosrow
724:meets king
420:Oleg Grabar
350:scriptorium
239:Afghanistan
185:Chinese art
178:Black Death
2471:Categories
2346:of Rashida
2274:Structures
2247:Alborzkouh
2242:Mazandaran
2212:Zabulistan
2131:Creatures
2070:Kashvadian
1925:Gordafarid
1772:Esfandiyār
1644:Kay Bahman
1548:Pishdadian
1540:Characters
1427:0292764847
1387:1588390713
1372:019530991X
1329:0300064659
1314:References
1303:2021-08-11
1209:Grove, 216
1088:Titley, 22
951:Titley, 17
888:Titley, 22
700:Anushirvan
678:Bahram Gur
644:Bozorgmehr
640:Anushirwan
595:Ardashir I
311:rulers of
251:Persianate
224:Ghaznavids
199:Background
151:Iskandar (
117:Miniatures
35:Bahram Gur
2385:Shahnameh
2361:Shahnameh
2353:Shahnameh
2344:Shahnameh
2336:Shahnameh
2329:Shahnameh
2320:Shahnameh
2312:Shahnameh
2310:Florence
2261:Kasa-Roud
2232:Ctesiphon
2161:Huma bird
2140:Akvan Div
2061:Clans and
2052:Biderafsh
1697:Kayanoush
1654:Kay Darab
1624:Kay Kāvus
1619:Kay Kawād
1586:Manuchehr
1528:Shahnameh
1362:"Grove",
1261:ignored (
1251:cite book
1165:ignored (
1155:cite book
1115:Canby, 33
1097:Canby, 33
1054:Sims, 276
1045:Sims, 276
991:Canby, 30
933:Sims, 275
798:Sims, 277
726:Manuchihr
597:Captures
533:Cleveland
502:Shahnameh
470:Jalayirid
462:Shahnameh
458:Shahnameh
454:Shahnameh
450:Shahnameh
439:Abu Sa'id
415:Il-khanid
366:Shahnameh
358:Shahnameh
321:Shahnameh
305:Shahnameh
294:Shahnameh
290:Shahnameh
263:Shahnameh
205:Shahnameh
161:Shahnameh
103:Il-khanid
68:Shahnameh
55:Shahnameh
48:Shahnameh
2456:Category
2351:Windsor
2257:Tammisha
2181:Shabrang
2063:families
2047:Nastihan
2007:Afrasiab
2002:Garsivaz
1997:Aghrirat
1979:Turanian
1938:Katāyoun
1934:Manizheh
1930:Farangis
1900:Sindukht
1895:Shahrnāz
1792:Siyâvash
1787:Fariborz
1782:Faramarz
1777:Pashotan
1742:Gershasp
1737:Gostaham
1687:Shahrasp
1639:Goshtasb
1611:Kayanian
1601:Garshasp
1576:Fereydun
1566:Tahmuras
1556:Keyumars
1533:Ferdowsi
1480:Archived
1355:, 2003,
749:", used
747:Shahnama
682:Khurasan
619:Afrasiab
576:Brahmans
572:Iskandar
545:Montreal
407:colophon
394:and his
392:Ardashir
209:Ferdowsi
128:pigments
62:Shahnama
53:Demotte
2371:Related
2359:Davari
2237:Estakhr
2176:Shabdiz
2166:Simurgh
1992:Pashang
1987:Zadashm
1915:Tahmina
1910:Sudabeh
1890:Arnavāz
1885:Faranak
1852:Shaghad
1812:Goudarz
1807:Kashvad
1747:Nariman
1659:Dara II
1571:Jamshid
1561:Hushang
1188:Iranica
1179:Iranica
879:Iranica
816:Iranica
599:Ardavan
570:Before
568:Taynush
537:Detroit
482:Belgian
433:’s son
372:History
340:Öljaitü
317:Isfahan
2378:Daqiqi
2217:Sistan
2195:Places
2171:Rakhsh
2042:Barman
2037:Houman
2022:Arjasp
2017:Shideh
2012:Tageuo
1964:Zahhak
1960:Mardas
1953:Tazian
1943:Azadeh
1905:Rudaba
1862:Barbad
1847:Zavara
1842:Gorgin
1832:Bahram
1827:Rohham
1822:Bizhan
1767:Sohrab
1762:Rostam
1682:Siamak
1677:Jamasp
1591:Nowzar
1425:
1411:
1398:online
1385:
1370:
1341:
1327:
541:Geneva
529:Boston
525:Berlin
517:Louvre
490:Tehran
411:Tabriz
396:Dastur
382:Louvre
332:vizier
313:Shiraz
309:Injuid
278:Rakhsh
274:Rustam
259:Ghazan
243:Turkey
221:Turkic
173:Rustam
142:lapels
71:, the
2227:Balkh
2222:Kabul
2207:Turan
2032:Piran
2027:Viseh
1837:Hojir
1797:Farud
1727:Qaren
1722:Qobád
1707:Arash
1692:Abtin
1351:, in
734:Notes
543:(3),
531:(2),
519:(2),
255:Islam
2202:Iran
1732:Tous
1712:Salm
1702:Kāve
1596:Zaav
1581:Iraj
1423:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1325:ISBN
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