4057:
3187:
3175:
56:
3201:
350:
626:
1567:
1534:
4921:
4221:
2941:
2904:
2867:
2830:
2693:
2588:
2551:
2514:
2477:
2376:
2339:
2302:
2265:
2165:
2128:
2091:
2054:
2017:
1948:
1911:
1874:
1837:
1800:
1628:
1264:(closer to the centre-right). Moreover, it was often the case that if the government was led by a centre-right Christian Democrat, the party was led by a left-winger and vice versa. This was what happened in the 1950s when Fanfani was party secretary and the government was led by centre-right figures such as Scelba and Segni, as well as in the late 1970s when
808:
691:
896:
and two years of mounting scandals (which included several Mafia investigations which notably touched
Andreotti), the party was disbanded in 1994. In the 1990s most of the politicians prosecuted during those investigations were acquitted, sometimes however on the basis of legal formalities or on the
788:
allegations against
Andreotti, it was said that he took the chance of getting rid of a dangerous political competitor by sabotaging all of the rescue options and ultimately leaving the captors with no option but killing him. During his captivity Moro wrote a series of letters, at times very critical
1496:
As the DC's role was reduced, the 1919 PPI strongholds and the DC's traditional heartlands would become the Lega Nord's power base. Meanwhile, the successor parties of the DC continued to be key political actors only in the South, where the clientelistic way of government practised by the
Christian
669:
Under De
Gasperi, major land reforms were carried out in the poorer rural regions in the early postwar years, with farms appropriated from the large landowners and parcelled out to the peasants. In addition, during its years in office, Christian Democrats passed a number of laws safeguarding
701:
1020:
1647:, DC members had ample opportunity to abuse their power, and some did. In the 1960s, scandals involved frauds such as huge illegal profits in the administration of banana import quotas and preferential allocation of purposely misprinted and therefore rare postage stamps.
969:, split off from the PPI and also entered in alliance with FI. In the following years, most Christian Democrats joined FI, which became the party with the most ex-DC members in absolute terms. In December 1999, Forza Italia gained full membership in the
666:, De Gasperi continued to govern at the head of the centrist coalition, which was successively abandoned by the Liberals, who hoped for more right-wing policies, in 1950 and the Democratic Socialists, who hoped for more leftist policies, in 1951.
1272:, deeply weakened DC-led governments, so that even with broad majorities they were unable to resolve differences between the several factions of the party, and ultimately turning the Italian political system into a de facto
609:
The
Christian Democracy party was opposed to both Fascism and Communism. In elections Italians were voting based on a way of life, not just a political party. Christian ideals were usually paired with the idea of freedom.
1501:
the League gained 7 out of 8 single-seat constituencies in the
Province of Bergamo and 5 out of 6 in the Province of Vicenza, winning well over 40%, while the combined score of the three main post-DC parties (the new
673:
De
Gasperi served as prime minister until 1953 and died a year later. No Christian Democrat would match his longevity in office and, despite the fact that DC's share of the vote was always between 38 and 43% from
1453:
From the late 1950s, the DC's support started to move South and by the 1980s it was stronger in the South than in the North, with the exception of Veneto, which remained one of the party's strongholds. In the
1299:
to preserve party unity. He became prime minister in 1988 but was replaced by
Forlani in 1989. Disagreements between de Mita and Forlani brought Andreotti back to the prime-ministership from 1989 to 1992.
768:, immediately took a hardline position stating that the "State must not bend" on terrorist demands. This was a very different position from the one taken in similar cases before and after (such as the
850:
coalition governed Italy almost continuously until 1993. While Italy experienced steady economic progress in the 1980s, the
Italian economy was being undermined by a constant devaluation of the
1295:
and the internal left), with
Andreotti holding the balance. De Mita, who led the party from 1982 to 1989, tried to transform the party into a mainstream "conservative party" in line with the
1458:
the party suffered a dramatic decrease in term of votes and its electoral geography was very different from 30 or even 10 years before, as the region where it obtained the best result was
4909:
821:
of the PRI was the first non-Christian Democrat to lead a government since 1944, at the head of a coalition comprising the DC, the PSI, the PSDI, the PRI and the PLI, the so-called
4209:
722:, supported by the influential left-wing factions. In the 1950s the party formed centrist or moderately centre-left coalitions, and even a short-lived government led by
4018:
1178:
elements was characterised by factionalism and by the double adherence of members to the party and to factions which were often identified with individual leaders.
831:, the DC suffered one of its largest declines in votes up to that point, receiving only 32.5% of the vote cast (a decline of -5.8% relative to 1981). Subsequently,
880:
scandals (endemic corruption practices at the highest levels), and causing numerous, often controversial, arrests and resignations. After the dismal result in the
4902:
4045:
1493:(with the League at 16.3%), 32.1% in western Lombardy (League at 25.2%), 31.7% in Veneto (League at 17.3%) and 28.0% in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (League at 17.0%).
4150:
4992:
4866:
4120:
4887:
4140:
4187:
3284:
4895:
4871:
4202:
3103:
5068:
3099:
3091:
2973:
4013:
789:
of Andreotti.. Later the memorial written by Moro during his imprisonment was subject to several plots, including the assassination of journalist
5063:
5033:
4987:
4861:
4023:
3774:
4982:
4195:
1525:
The electoral results of the DC in general (Chamber of Deputies) and European Parliament elections since 1946 are shown in the chart below.
574:
was ending, the Christian Democrats started organising post-Fascist Italy in coalition with all the other mainstream parties, including the
5053:
4789:
4284:
1588:
1139:
which aimed to represent both right-wing and left-wing Italian Catholics under the principle of the "political unity of Catholics" against
988:. The alliance, whose primary components were two legal successors to the two major political forces of pre-1990s Italy, won the election.
5058:
4038:
1704:
were perceived by many to belong to a grey zone between simple corruption and Mafia business, even if most of them were later acquitted.
287:
3327:
2709:
2672:
2640:
1003:. DL would be formed as an official political party in 2002, succeeding the PPI and its three allies. In 2007, DL would merge with the
445:
scandals. Christian Democrats led the Italian government continuously from 1946 until 1981. The party was nicknamed the "White Whale" (
912:(PR). The DC suffered heavy defeats in the 1993 provincial and municipal elections. Subsequently, Segni's PR would be reformed as the
439:
for fifty years, and had been part of the government from soon after its inception until its final demise on 16 January 1994 amid the
5043:
5023:
1684:
and dishonest politicians tried to collaborate. The DC was the party most associated with Mafia among the public. Leaders such as
4566:
4496:
780:). It was however supported by all the mainstream parties, including the PCI, with the two notable exceptions of the PSI and the
3301:
3174:
5048:
4031:
635:
In May 1947 De Gasperi broke decisively with his Communist and Socialist coalition partners under pressure from U.S. President
5018:
4917:
4378:
4354:
4272:
3757:
3614:
3587:
3553:
3519:
3490:
3456:
3355:
3259:
3240:
1163:
670:
employees from exploitation, established a national health service, and initiated low-cost housing in Italy's major cities.
5078:
4783:
4742:
4690:
4631:
4537:
996:
31:
17:
5028:
4461:
4217:
3186:
5038:
4997:
4977:
4944:
4876:
4856:
4655:
4396:
1315:
scandals, the heterogeneous nature of the party led it to its collapse. The bulk of the DC's membership joined the new
644:
475:
365:
179:
737:, formed a coalition with the PSI, which returned to ministerial roles after 16 years, the PSDI and the PRI. Similar "
4572:
4508:
4348:
3990:
3407:
1652:
1614:
1268:, a progressive, led the party and Andreotti the government. This custom, in clear contrast with the principles of a
1596:
934:, representing the right-wing faction of the party (previously led by Forlani) decided to launch a new party called
4625:
4613:
4601:
4502:
3235:. Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War. Leuven University Press. pp. 105–131.
1503:
1435:
1316:
1222:
1074:
925:
536:
495:
408:
292:
129:
115:
1489:, which was stronger precisely in the traditional Christian Democratic heartlands, the DC was reduced to 21.0% in
5073:
4818:
4384:
4237:
2920:
2883:
2846:
2809:
2777:
1519:
303:
4053:
1038:(in the right poster). Note the use of symbols, especially the crusader shield (representing the DC) protecting
854:
and the issuing of large amounts of high-interest treasury bonds, so that, between 1982 and 1992, the excessive
4607:
4514:
4449:
2185:
1592:
1155:. The party was, however, originally equidistant between the Communists and the hard right represented by the
4661:
4479:
4420:
4414:
4061:
3881:
3281:
2567:
2530:
2493:
2456:
2424:
2392:
2355:
2318:
2281:
2244:
2212:
2144:
2107:
2070:
2033:
1996:
1964:
1927:
1890:
1853:
1816:
1779:
1747:
1498:
1466:
1455:
1407:
1000:
977:
917:
881:
843:
828:
679:
675:
651:
614:
552:
548:
246:
976:
The PPI would continue in a rump fashion, usually finding itself in left of centre political coalitions. In
4290:
1469:
the shift was even more evident as the party was over the 40% mark only in some Southern regions (41.1% in
951:
205:
3802:
3200:
4637:
4473:
4255:
3083:
1720:
1507:
1324:
935:
499:
135:
4795:
4696:
4643:
4437:
1511:
1332:
1296:
1186:
The DC's factions spanned the political spectrum from left to right and continually evolved over time.
970:
962:
794:
769:
519:
507:
503:
280:
4801:
4777:
4578:
4402:
4325:
4278:
1656:
1384:
955:
858:
built a significant proportion of the debt that would plague the country well into the 21st century.
855:
662:, and obtained 48.5% of the vote, its best result ever. Despite his party's absolute majority in the
1546:
1162:
As a catch-all party, the DC differed from other European Christian Democratic parties, such as the
835:(leader of the rising PSI) reclaimed for himself the post of prime minister, again at the head of a
4949:
4836:
4549:
4455:
4331:
3780:
1577:
1062:
1008:
587:
515:
483:
400:
275:
817:
At the beginning of the 1980s, the DC had lost part of its support among Italian voters. In 1981,
4964:
4939:
4934:
4842:
4390:
4366:
4296:
4243:
4104:
4089:
4084:
1644:
1581:
1400:
1156:
1152:
754:
727:
603:
595:
579:
575:
491:
454:
404:
764:
The event was a shock for the party. When Moro was abducted, the government, at the time led by
4830:
4712:
4319:
1344:
1320:
985:
931:
898:
682:, the party was more and more fractured. As a result, Prime Ministers changed more frequently.
4130:
3745:
3604:
3577:
3480:
3444:
647:(PSLI), a centrist break-away from the PSI, as well as its usual allies, the PLI and the PRI.
4959:
4771:
4724:
4684:
4678:
4525:
4467:
4443:
4408:
4249:
4094:
3543:
3507:
3345:
1431:
1388:
1120:
1004:
781:
583:
479:
3430:
4824:
4360:
4302:
4135:
4099:
3221:
Sources of Popular Support for the Italian Christian Democratic Party in the Postwar Decade
3076:
2977:
1636:
1194:
591:
471:
397:
3371:
Warner, Carolyn M. (2013). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research".
8:
4584:
4372:
2613:
1423:
1419:
1058:
946:(FI). The left-wing factions stayed within the new PPI, though a minority would form the
909:
750:
738:
511:
487:
258:
218:
213:
4730:
4649:
3950:
3936:
3717:
3690:
3655:
3647:
3388:
3119:
3052:
3013:
2875:
2664:
2485:
2448:
2062:
2025:
1481:), while it barely reached 20-25% of the vote in the North. As a result of the rise of
1415:
1269:
1265:
1031:
818:
719:
663:
461:
453:) due to its huge organisation and official colour. During its time in government, the
370:
228:
4176:
4125:
3986:
3753:
3659:
3610:
3583:
3549:
3515:
3486:
3452:
3392:
3351:
3321:
3305:
3255:
3236:
3147:
3036:
3029:
2985:
2965:
2273:
2236:
1845:
1808:
1771:
1680:
had become the party's stronghold in the 1970s and the 1980s, it was likely that the
1411:
1340:
1238:
1234:
1198:
1096:
1050:
966:
947:
939:
921:
723:
629:
599:
436:
360:
85:
79:
30:
This article is about the 1943–1994 party. For other parties with similar names, see
1438:
had its strongholds. In the Centre-South the DC gained more than 50% of the vote in
776:
DC member for whom a ransom was paid thanks to the local ties of the party with the
749:
From 1976 to 1979 the DC governed with the external support of the PCI, through the
510:. Former DC members are also spread among other parties, including the centre-right
4736:
4000:
3922:
3858:
3682:
3639:
3380:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3111:
3095:
3087:
3064:
3056:
3044:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2989:
2969:
2750:
2310:
1882:
1701:
1689:
1380:
1376:
1336:
1261:
1246:
1226:
1214:
1171:
811:
765:
711:
694:
640:
564:
446:
385:
252:
3955:
Il partito cristiano e l'apertura a sinistra: la DC di Fanfani e di Moro 1954–1962
3231:
Leonardi, Robert; Albert, Paolo (2004). Steven Van Hecke; Emmanuel Gerard (eds.).
1542:
984:, the PPI would ally with the DPS and several smaller centre-left parties to form
4748:
4519:
4171:
3964:
3288:
3151:
3072:
3068:
3025:
3021:
3005:
2949:
2912:
2838:
2733:
2701:
2596:
2559:
2522:
2416:
2173:
2136:
2099:
1988:
1693:
1368:
1288:
1284:
1242:
655:
556:
544:
424:
149:
3708:
Murphy, Francis J. (1981). "Don Sturzo and the Triumph of Christian Democracy".
1252:
The party was often led by centrist figures unaffiliated to any faction such as
1026:
posters of the DC: they described to potential voters the party's commitment to
842:
DC re-gained the post of prime minister in 1987, after a modest recovery in the
4145:
3908:
3159:
3139:
1681:
1677:
1648:
1632:
1392:
1372:
1356:
1249:
and Fanfani himself. Most of them were social democrats by European standards.
1230:
1202:
1128:
1043:
1027:
893:
790:
785:
753:. Moro, who was the party main leader and who had inspired the Compromise, was
334:
3643:
999:(DL) after allying three other smaller, social liberal parties to contest the
5012:
4166:
3384:
2997:
2981:
2801:
2384:
1956:
1396:
1257:
1218:
1151:. It ultimately represented the majority of Italians who were opposed to the
1091:
1086:
1035:
981:
954:(DPS). Some right-wingers, feeling Casini was still too moderate, joined the
916:, and contemporary polling suggested heavy losses for the DC in the upcoming
832:
659:
992:, an independent former PPI member, led the list and became prime minister.
807:
55:
4718:
4543:
3974:
3941:
Il partito cristiano al potere: la DC di De Gasperi e di Dossetti 1945–1954
3155:
3048:
1685:
1328:
1210:
1167:
1132:
1101:
1070:
1066:
989:
943:
851:
823:
758:
636:
571:
540:
466:
441:
428:
349:
264:
71:
3746:"The European Centre-Right and European Integration: The Formative Yearss"
690:
1672:
1304:
1292:
1206:
1116:
1112:
905:
868:
432:
3721:
3694:
3254:. Christian Democracy in Europe since 1945. Routledge. pp. 88–102.
1643:
Having ruled Italy for over 40 years with no alternative other than the
494:. The party was succeeded by a string of smaller parties, including the
4531:
3828:
3651:
3220:
3040:
1697:
1474:
1273:
1175:
1081:
1023:
913:
174:
1541:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
1287:(supported also by the party's right wing) and the centre-left led by
1104:, offered a further basis for the DC's social and political doctrine.
625:
4754:
3686:
3115:
3107:
3060:
2993:
2347:
1919:
1484:
1379:
establishment that had governed Italy for decades before the rise of
1283:
From the 1980s the party was divided between the centre-right led by
1253:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1108:
1047:
887:
734:
715:
710:
From 1954 the DC was led by progressive Christian Democrats, such as
704:
700:
1566:
1170:
political groupings. The DC, which included conservative as well as
3958:
3944:
1515:
1490:
1470:
1447:
1427:
1360:
1308:
1190:
1136:
1011:, which is today the largest centre-left political party in Italy.
920:. In hopes of changing the party's image, the DC's last secretary,
773:
420:
416:
233:
1627:
654:
the DC went on to win a decisive victory, with the support of the
3902:
3846:
3478:
1443:
1124:
777:
1221:. The party's left wing, with its roots in the left of the late
1019:
3772:
1478:
1459:
1364:
1078:
3343:
4920:
4220:
4065:
3930:
3250:
Masala, Carlo (2004). Michael Gehler; Wolfram Kaiser (eds.).
1439:
1039:
873:
320:
1319:(PPI), but immediately several centre-right elements led by
741:" governments became usual through the 1960s and the 1970s.
3982:
3916:
3606:
A Fatal Attraction: Public Television and Politics in Italy
1335:(CDU), joined Forza Italia and the CCD in the centre-right
153:
460:
From 1946 until 1994, the DC was the largest party in the
1061:
doctrines developed from the 19th century referred to as
435:
political factions, the DC played a dominant role in the
3514:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 72.
1418:. The party won 66.8% in eastern Lombardy (73.6% in the
3859:
Ministero dell'Interno. Archivio Storico delle Elezioni
3734:
Italy: Library of Nations: Italy, Time-Life Books, 1985
3630:
Einaudi, Mario (1947). "Christian Democracy in Italy".
3442:
3752:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 180.
3743:
3252:
Born for Government: The Democrazia Cristiana in Italy
950:
in 1993 and would join forces with the post-communist
407:(Nazi-occupied Italy) as the nominal successor of the
3673:
Ivella, Vittorio (1948). "Favorable Omens in Italy".
3545:
The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country
3233:
From Dominance to Doom? Christian Democracy in Italy
1217:
were in charge, though opposed by right wing led by
464:, governing in successive coalitions, including the
1497:Democrats and their allies had left a mark. In the
3339:
3337:
1410:the party had its best result ever (48.5%) and an
559:dictatorship in 1926 despite the presence of some
3445:"National Parties and the Contestation of Europe"
1131:. The party thus advocated collaboration between
1053:symbol being used as a weapon in the left poster.
995:Faced with flagging poll numbers, the PPI formed
924:decided to change the name of the party into the
547:priest. The PPI won over 20% of the votes in the
5010:
3701:
3623:
411:, which had the same symbol, a crusader shield (
403:. The DC was founded on 15 December 1943 in the
3803:"La Magliana, uno schizzo di fango su Vitalone"
3602:
3541:
3334:
1522:the combined score of those parties was 26.4%.
1213:led the party. After them, progressives led by
3750:Reforming Europe: The Role of the Centre-Right
3666:
3282:Movimento femminile della Democrazia cristiana
3230:
1355:In its early years, the party was stronger in
1073:, and ultimately the tradition of the defunct
4903:
4203:
4039:
3575:
3472:
1482:
885:
4993:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
4867:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
4790:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
4285:Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
3861:. Elezionistorico. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
3841:Piergiorgio Corbetta; Maria Serena Piretti,
3596:
3582:. University of Chicago Press. p. 144.
3505:
3479:J. Denis Derbyshire; Ian Derbyshire (1989).
3447:. In T. Banchoff; Mitchell P. Smith (eds.).
861:
539:(PPI), a political party created in 1919 by
535:The party was founded as the revival of the
3779:(in Italian). KAOS Edizioni. Archived from
3508:"Democrazia Cristiana: party of government"
1595:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
598:(PDL). In December 1945 Christian Democrat
4910:
4896:
4210:
4196:
4046:
4032:
3548:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
3535:
3436:
1343:), while the PPI was a founding member of
726:relying on parliamentary support from the
685:
620:
4925:1946–1994 main political parties in Italy
3609:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 259.
3569:
3344:Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (2007).
1615:Learn how and when to remove this message
1383:still had grip on voters, as well as the
1371:roots of those areas, than it was in the
1311:ideological conflict, and ultimately the
1237:), was reinforced by new leaders such as
5069:Political parties disestablished in 1994
3291:, istituto Don Luigi Sturzo, 9 June 2014
1626:
1018:
1007:, the successor of the DPS, to form the
806:
733:In 1963 the party, under Prime Minister
699:
689:
624:
4567:Movement for the Independence of Sicily
4342:Social-democratic and liberal-socialist
3852:
3773:Francesco Pecorelli; Sommella Roberto.
3748:. In Constantine Arvanitopoulos (ed.).
3737:
3629:
3499:
3350:. Oxford University Press. p. 38.
3180:The Crusader Shield, DC's official logo
14:
5011:
3707:
3672:
3370:
3326:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3249:
2605:
1666:coalition, the DC was invested in the
744:
5064:Political parties established in 1943
5034:Christian democratic parties in Italy
4988:19th-century Italian political groups
4891:
4872:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
4862:19th-century Italian political groups
4273:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
4225:Historical political parties in Italy
4191:
4027:
3451:. Taylor & Francis. p. 126.
2742:
1712:
1260:(both closer to the centre-left) and
1164:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
474:governments, along with the moderate
4983:Historical Italian political parties
4632:Christian Democrats for the Republic
3225:Midwest Journal of Political Science
1593:adding citations to reliable sources
1560:
1527:
1327:(CCD), while others directly joined
32:Christian democracy (disambiguation)
5054:Defunct Christian political parties
4462:Republican Democratic Concentration
3843:Atlante storico-elettorale d'Italia
1707:
24:
5059:Defunct political parties in Italy
4978:List of political parties in Italy
4945:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
4857:List of political parties in Italy
4656:Christian Democracy for Autonomies
4397:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
3969:La proposta politica di De Gasperi
3579:Place and Politics in Modern Italy
3485:. Allied Publishers. p. 117.
3443:Gary Marks; Carole Wilson (1999).
3405:
3213:
1403:was the dominant political force.
1350:
555:, but was declared illegal by the
518:. It was a founding member of the
476:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
457:was the largest opposition party.
189:Christian Democracy Women Movement
180:Christian Democracy Youth Movement
25:
5090:
4998:Current Italian political parties
4877:Current Italian political parties
4573:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
4509:Democratic Union for the Republic
4349:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
4007:
3829:"Democrazia Cristiana - Correnti"
3449:Legitimacy and the European Union
1653:President of the Italian Republic
1422:), 60.5% in Veneto (71.9% in the
1057:The party's ideology drew on the
884:(29.7%), also due to the rise of
4919:
4602:Italian Catholic Electoral Union
4538:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
4503:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
4219:
4055:
3199:
3185:
3173:
2940:
2939:
2903:
2902:
2866:
2865:
2829:
2828:
2692:
2691:
2587:
2586:
2550:
2549:
2513:
2512:
2476:
2475:
2375:
2374:
2338:
2337:
2301:
2300:
2264:
2263:
2164:
2163:
2127:
2126:
2090:
2089:
2053:
2052:
2016:
2015:
1947:
1946:
1910:
1909:
1873:
1872:
1836:
1835:
1799:
1798:
1565:
1556:
1532:
1434:, that is to say where the late
997:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
645:Italian Workers' Socialist Party
470:system. It originally supported
348:
304:Christian Democrat International
54:
5044:History of the Italian Republic
5024:1994 disestablishments in Italy
4819:Italian Nationalist Association
4497:Constitutional Democratic Party
3874:
3835:
3821:
3795:
3766:
3744:Konstantina E. Botsiou (2010).
3728:
3347:Political Institutions in Italy
1670:scandals and in the subsequent
1520:1996 Sicilian regional election
1347:centre-left coalition in 1996.
908:led a breakaway faction called
800:
730:(MSI), the post-fascist party.
4019:Archive of DC posters – part 2
4014:Archive of DC posters – part 1
3482:Political Systems Of The World
3424:
3418:
3399:
3364:
3294:
3275:
1662:Like the other parties of the
1339:coalition (later becoming the
617:the DC won 35.2% of the vote.
530:
27:Political party (1943 to 1994)
13:
1:
5049:History of the Sicilian Mafia
4662:Union of Democrats for Europe
4490:Centrist and centrist liberal
4415:Italian Democratic Socialists
4062:National Liberation Committee
3997:La DC da De Gasperi a Fanfani
3882:2022 Italian general election
3512:Christian Democracy in Europe
3269:
2958:
872:investigation was started in
247:National Liberation Committee
5019:1943 establishments in Italy
4743:Conservatives and Reformists
4691:National Democratic Alliance
4291:Democratic Party of the Left
4131:Justice and Liberty Brigades
3913:De Gasperi, il ricostruttore
3408:"Il referendum sul divorzio"
1331:. A split from the PPI, the
1034:(in the centre poster), and
952:Democratic Party of the Left
639:. This opened the way for a
486:, before moving towards the
7:
5079:Social conservative parties
4638:Christian Democratic Centre
4256:Party of Italian Communists
1325:Christian Democratic Centre
1291:(whose supporters included
1181:
1065:, the political thought of
1014:
936:Christian Democratic Centre
876:, uncovering the so-called
500:Christian Democratic Centre
136:Christian Democratic Centre
118:(pre-Fascist-era precursor)
10:
5095:
5029:Catholic political parties
4644:United Christian Democrats
4560:Regionalist and federalist
4431:Radical and social-liberal
3891:
3166:
1659:. He was later acquitted.
1391:. The DC was very weak in
1333:United Christian Democrats
963:United Christian Democrats
961:In 1995, the centre-right
938:and form an alliance with
795:Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa
770:kidnapping of Ciro Cirillo
525:
504:United Christian Democrats
29:
5039:Centrist parties in Italy
4973:
4930:
4852:
4811:
4784:People's Monarchist Party
4778:Monarchist National Party
4764:
4705:
4671:
4594:
4579:Federalist Italian League
4559:
4489:
4430:
4341:
4326:Federation of Green Lists
4312:
4265:
4230:
4159:
4113:
4072:
3971:, Il Mulino, Bologna 1977
3927:De Gasperi e il suo tempo
3644:10.1017/S003467050003792X
3510:. In David Hanley (ed.).
3219:Edelman, Murray (1958). "
2771:
2759:
2756:
2749:
2634:
2622:
2619:
2612:
2206:
2194:
2191:
2184:
1741:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1657:Lockheed bribery scandals
1483:
1385:Monarchist National Party
1307:and the end of the great
1119:, supported the model of
886:
862:Dissolution and aftermath
356:
347:
342:
329:
310:
299:International affiliation
298:
288:European Parliament group
286:
274:
239:
227:
204:
193:
185:
173:
159:
145:
122:
111:
103:
95:
70:
62:
53:
41:
4950:Italian Republican Party
4837:Republican Fascist Party
4550:Liberal Popular Alliance
4332:Federation of the Greens
3867:
3603:Cinzia Padovani (2007).
3542:James L. Newell (2010).
3385:10.1177/1354068812462934
2768:
2765:
2762:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2203:
2200:
2197:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1651:was forced to resign as
1063:Catholic social teaching
588:Italian Republican Party
484:Italian Republican Party
401:political party in Italy
4965:Italian Social Movement
4940:Italian Socialist Party
4935:Italian Communist Party
4843:Italian Social Movement
4391:Italian Socialist Party
4385:Unified Socialist Party
4379:Unitary Socialist Party
4367:Labour Democratic Party
4355:Unitary Socialist Party
4244:Italian Communist Party
4238:Proletarian Unity Party
4105:Labour Democratic Party
4090:Italian Communist Party
4085:Italian Socialist Party
3433:, Enciclopedia Treccani
1645:Italian Communist Party
1631:DC election poster for
1401:Italian Communist Party
1359:(especially in eastern
1297:European People's Party
1157:Italian Social Movement
1153:Italian Communist Party
971:European People's Party
728:Italian Social Movement
686:Centre-left governments
621:De Gasperi and centrism
604:Prime Minister of Italy
596:Labour Democratic Party
580:Italian Socialist Party
576:Italian Communist Party
520:European People's Party
506:, and the still active
492:Italian Socialist Party
455:Italian Communist Party
405:Italian Social Republic
293:European People's Party
281:European People's Party
229:Political position
5074:Anti-communist parties
4831:National Fascist Party
4626:Italian People's Party
4614:Italian People's Party
4608:Conservative Catholics
4515:Union for the Republic
4279:Italian Workers' Party
3897:Massimo L. Salvadori,
3632:The Review of Politics
3576:John A. Agnew (2002).
3287:12 August 2014 at the
2186:Senate of the Republic
1640:
1436:Italian People's Party
1321:Pier Ferdinando Casini
1317:Italian People's Party
1223:Italian People's Party
1075:Italian People's Party
1054:
1030:(in the left poster),
932:Pier Ferdinando Casini
926:Italian People's Party
814:
707:
697:
632:
553:1921 general elections
537:Italian People's Party
496:Italian People's Party
450:
409:Italian People's Party
389:
130:Italian People's Party
116:Italian People's Party
4960:Italian Liberal Party
4765:National-conservative
4725:The People of Freedom
4685:Italian Liberal Party
4444:Italian Radical Party
4409:Democrats of the Left
4250:Proletarian Democracy
4095:Italian Liberal Party
3506:Mark Donovan (1998).
1630:
1499:1996 general election
1467:1992 general election
1456:1983 general election
1432:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
1408:1948 general election
1367:), due to the strong
1303:With the fall of the
1195:liberal-conservatives
1121:social market economy
1022:
1005:Democrats of the Left
918:1994 general election
882:1992 general election
844:1987 general election
829:1983 general election
810:
755:abducted and murdered
703:
693:
652:1948 general election
628:
615:1946 general election
584:Italian Liberal Party
567:'s first government.
480:Italian Liberal Party
4706:Liberal-conservative
4672:Conservative-liberal
4595:Christian-democratic
4303:Left Ecology Freedom
4266:Democratic socialist
3899:Enciclopedia storica
3431:Democrazia Cristiana
3082:Party Leader in the
3077:Rosa Russo Iervolino
2978:Paolo Emilio Taviani
1637:Giuseppe Genco Russo
1589:improve this section
1189:In the early years,
1135:and was basically a
1059:Christian democratic
965:, which were led by
899:statutory time limit
827:. In the successive
514:and the centre-left
472:liberal-conservative
398:Christian democratic
390:Democrazia Cristiana
276:European affiliation
240:National affiliation
47:Democrazia Cristiana
18:Democrazia Cristiana
4955:Christian Democracy
4697:Union of the Centre
4620:Christian Democracy
4474:Democratic Alliance
4373:Union of Socialists
4136:Green Flame Brigade
4121:Autonomous Brigades
4080:Christian Democracy
3308:on 10 November 2013
3084:Chamber of Deputies
2614:European Parliament
2606:European Parliament
1721:Chamber of Deputies
1424:Province of Vicenza
1420:Province of Bergamo
1166:, that were mainly
1123:, and rejected the
1111:, the DC preferred
910:Populars for Reform
784:. In the trial for
751:Historic Compromise
745:Historic Compromise
739:Organic Centre-left
508:Union of the Centre
488:Organic Centre-left
382:Christian Democracy
219:Social conservatism
214:Christian democracy
44:Christian Democracy
4796:National Democracy
4772:Common Man's Front
4731:Future and Freedom
4650:European Democracy
4141:Matteotti Brigades
4126:Garibaldi Brigades
3951:Gianni Baget Bozzo
3937:Gianni Baget Bozzo
3120:Benigno Zaccagnini
3053:Benigno Zaccagnini
3014:Benigno Zaccagnini
2876:Benigno Zaccagnini
2743:Regional elections
2665:Benigno Zaccagnini
2486:Benigno Zaccagnini
2449:Benigno Zaccagnini
2063:Benigno Zaccagnini
2026:Benigno Zaccagnini
1713:Italian Parliament
1655:in 1978 after the
1641:
1416:Italian Parliament
1389:Common Man's Front
1270:Westminster system
1266:Benigno Zaccagnini
1233:and controversial
1055:
819:Giovanni Spadolini
815:
720:Benigno Zaccagnini
708:
698:
664:Italian Parliament
643:that included the
641:centrist coalition
633:
462:Italian Parliament
338:("O White Flower")
5006:
5005:
4885:
4884:
4825:Combatants' Party
4802:National Alliance
4403:Labour Federation
4185:
4184:
4177:Alcide De Gasperi
4151:People's Brigades
3979:Il segno della DC
3759:978-3-642-00560-2
3710:Italian Americana
3616:978-0-7425-1950-3
3589:978-0-226-01051-9
3555:978-0-521-84070-5
3521:978-1-85567-382-3
3492:978-81-7023-307-7
3458:978-0-415-18188-4
3357:978-0-19-928470-2
3261:978-0-7146-5662-5
3242:978-90-5867-377-0
3148:Mino Martinazzoli
3037:Alcide De Gasperi
3030:Mino Martinazzoli
2986:Alcide De Gasperi
2966:Alcide De Gasperi
2956:
2955:
2925:10,651,675 (1st)
2888:11,223,284 (1st)
2851:11,153,439 (1st)
2814:10,699,576 (1st)
2782:10,303,236 (1st)
2740:
2739:
2714:11,451,053 (1st)
2677:11,583,767 (2nd)
2645:12,774,320 (1st)
2603:
2602:
2535:10,897,036 (1st)
2498:10,081,819 (1st)
2461:12,018,077 (1st)
2429:12,226,768 (1st)
2397:11,466,701 (1st)
2360:10,965,790 (1st)
2323:10,032,458 (1st)
2286:12,520,207 (1st)
2274:Alcide De Gasperi
2249:10,862,073 (1st)
2237:Alcide De Gasperi
2217:10,899,640 (1st)
2180:
2179:
2149:11,637,569 (1st)
2112:13,241,188 (1st)
2075:12,153,081 (1st)
2038:14,046,290 (1st)
2001:14,218,298 (1st)
1969:12,919,270 (1st)
1932:12,441,553 (1st)
1895:11,773,182 (1st)
1858:12,520,207 (1st)
1846:Alcide De Gasperi
1821:10,862,073 (1st)
1809:Alcide De Gasperi
1784:12,740,042 (1st)
1772:Alcide De Gasperi
1625:
1624:
1617:
1554:
1553:
1514:) was highest in
1412:absolute majority
1341:Pole for Freedoms
1239:Giuseppe Dossetti
1235:Fernando Tambroni
1199:Alcide De Gasperi
1172:social-democratic
1097:Quadragesimo anno
1051:hammer and sickle
967:Rocco Buttiglione
956:National Alliance
948:Social Christians
940:Silvio Berlusconi
922:Mino Martinazzoli
846:(34.2%), and the
724:Fernando Tambroni
630:Alcide De Gasperi
600:Alcide De Gasperi
437:politics of Italy
379:
378:
366:Political parties
361:Politics of Italy
132:(legal successor)
123:Succeeded by
86:Mino Martinazzoli
80:Alcide De Gasperi
16:(Redirected from
5086:
4924:
4923:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4889:
4888:
4737:New Centre-Right
4456:Social Democracy
4450:Democratic Party
4224:
4223:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4001:Soveria Mannelli
3923:Giulio Andreotti
3885:
3878:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3687:10.2307/20030148
3670:
3664:
3663:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3304:. Archived from
3298:
3292:
3279:
3265:
3246:
3203:
3189:
3177:
3144:Virginio Rognoni
3136:Giovanni Galloni
3132:Flaminio Piccoli
3128:Giulio Andreotti
3124:Fiorentino Sullo
3112:Attilio Piccioni
3104:Giuseppe Bettiol
3096:Giuseppe Spataro
3088:Giovanni Gronchi
3065:Flaminio Piccoli
3057:Amintore Fanfani
3045:Attilio Piccioni
3018:Flaminio Piccoli
3010:Amintore Fanfani
3002:Flaminio Piccoli
2990:Amintore Fanfani
2970:Attilio Piccioni
2943:
2942:
2934:
2906:
2905:
2897:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2791:
2751:Regions of Italy
2747:
2746:
2723:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2654:
2610:
2609:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2572:9,088,494 (1st)
2553:
2552:
2544:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2438:
2406:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2311:Amintore Fanfani
2304:
2303:
2295:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2226:
2182:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2019:
2018:
2010:
1978:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1883:Amintore Fanfani
1876:
1875:
1867:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1761:
1752:8,101,004 (1st)
1717:
1716:
1708:Election results
1702:Giulio Andreotti
1690:Calogero Mannino
1620:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1569:
1561:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:(22.3%). In the
1488:
1487:
1381:Benito Mussolini
1337:Pole of Freedoms
1262:Giulio Andreotti
1247:Giuseppe Lazzati
1227:Giovanni Gronchi
1215:Amintore Fanfani
1042:(represented by
1009:Democratic Party
891:
890:
812:Giulio Andreotti
766:Giulio Andreotti
712:Amintore Fanfani
695:Amintore Fanfani
565:Benito Mussolini
516:Democratic Party
427:comprising both
352:
319:
306:
197:
112:Preceded by
99:15 December 1943
58:
39:
38:
21:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4969:
4926:
4918:
4916:
4886:
4881:
4848:
4807:
4760:
4749:Direction Italy
4701:
4667:
4590:
4555:
4520:Italian Renewal
4485:
4426:
4337:
4308:
4297:Democratic Left
4261:
4226:
4218:
4216:
4186:
4181:
4172:Ferruccio Parri
4160:Prime Ministers
4155:
4146:Osoppo Brigades
4109:
4068:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4010:
3965:Pietro Scoppola
3915:, Cinque Lune,
3894:
3889:
3888:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3783:on 18 June 2009
3771:
3767:
3760:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3706:
3702:
3675:Foreign Affairs
3671:
3667:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3404:
3400:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3342:
3335:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3309:
3302:"Archived copy"
3300:
3299:
3295:
3289:Wayback Machine
3280:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3243:
3216:
3214:Further reading
3209:
3207:
3206:Electoral logo
3204:
3195:
3193:
3192:Electoral logo
3190:
3181:
3178:
3169:
3152:Vincenzo Scotti
3073:Ciriaco De Mita
3069:Arnaldo Forlani
3026:Arnaldo Forlani
3022:Ciriaco De Mita
3006:Arnaldo Forlani
2961:
2952:
2950:Arnaldo Forlani
2945:
2935:
2932:
2915:
2913:Arnaldo Forlani
2908:
2898:
2895:
2878:
2871:
2861:
2858:
2841:
2839:Arnaldo Forlani
2834:
2824:
2821:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2745:
2736:
2734:Arnaldo Forlani
2729:
2724:
2721:
2704:
2702:Ciriaco De Mita
2697:
2687:
2684:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2608:
2599:
2597:Arnaldo Forlani
2592:
2582:
2579:
2562:
2560:Ciriaco De Mita
2555:
2545:
2542:
2525:
2523:Ciriaco De Mita
2518:
2508:
2505:
2488:
2481:
2471:
2468:
2451:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2419:
2417:Arnaldo Forlani
2412:
2407:
2404:
2387:
2380:
2370:
2367:
2350:
2343:
2333:
2330:
2313:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2276:
2269:
2259:
2256:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2176:
2174:Arnaldo Forlani
2169:
2159:
2156:
2139:
2137:Ciriaco De Mita
2132:
2122:
2119:
2102:
2100:Ciriaco De Mita
2095:
2085:
2082:
2065:
2058:
2048:
2045:
2028:
2021:
2011:
2008:
1991:
1989:Arnaldo Forlani
1984:
1979:
1976:
1959:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1922:
1915:
1905:
1902:
1885:
1878:
1868:
1865:
1848:
1841:
1831:
1828:
1811:
1804:
1794:
1791:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1715:
1710:
1700:and especially
1694:Vito Ciancimino
1676:. Moreover, as
1621:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1586:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1353:
1351:Popular support
1293:trade unionists
1289:Ciriaco De Mita
1285:Arnaldo Forlani
1243:Giorgio La Pira
1184:
1137:catch-all party
1017:
864:
805:
747:
688:
656:Catholic Church
623:
594:(Pd'A) and the
533:
528:
425:catch-all party
375:
325:
317:
302:
270:
223:
195:
166:
150:Piazza del Gesù
141:
107:16 January 1994
91:
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28:
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4759:
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4728:
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4713:Economic Party
4709:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4675:
4673:
4669:
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4364:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4343:
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4338:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4320:Rainbow Greens
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4269:
4267:
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4028:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4008:External links
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:, Rubbettino,
3995:Luciano Radi,
3993:
3972:
3962:
3948:
3934:
3920:
3909:Igino Giordani
3906:
3901:, Zanichelli,
3893:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3851:
3845:, Zanichelli,
3834:
3820:
3794:
3776:I veleni di OP
3765:
3758:
3736:
3727:
3700:
3681:(4): 701–708.
3665:
3622:
3615:
3595:
3588:
3568:
3554:
3534:
3520:
3498:
3491:
3471:
3457:
3435:
3423:
3417:
3398:
3379:(2): 256–276.
3373:Party Politics
3363:
3356:
3333:
3293:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3260:
3247:
3241:
3228:
3227:2(2): 143–159.
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:Gerardo Bianco
3140:Gerardo Bianco
3100:Giuseppe Cappi
3092:Giuseppe Cappi
3080:
3033:
2974:Giuseppe Cappi
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2948:
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2770:
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2758:
2757:Election year
2754:
2753:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
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2718:
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2624:
2621:
2620:Election year
2617:
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2223:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:Election year
2189:
2188:
2178:
2177:
2172:
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2150:
2147:
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2036:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1930:
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1923:
1918:
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1901:
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1805:
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1758:
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1750:
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1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:Election year
1724:
1723:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1682:Sicilian Mafia
1678:Southern Italy
1649:Giovanni Leone
1623:
1622:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1393:Emilia-Romagna
1357:Northern Italy
1352:
1349:
1345:The Olive Tree
1231:Achille Grandi
1203:Giuseppe Pella
1183:
1180:
1133:social classes
1129:class struggle
1044:Italia Turrita
1032:traditionalism
1028:anti-communism
1016:
1013:
986:The Olive Tree
942:'s new party,
894:northern Italy
863:
860:
856:budget deficit
804:
799:
791:Mino Pecorelli
746:
743:
687:
684:
622:
619:
602:was appointed
532:
529:
527:
524:
490:involving the
413:scudo crociato
377:
376:
374:
373:
368:
363:
357:
354:
353:
345:
344:
340:
339:
335:O bianco fiore
331:
327:
326:
324:
323:
314:
312:
308:
307:
300:
296:
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284:
283:
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216:
210:
208:
202:
201:
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191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
168:La Discussione
161:
157:
156:
147:
143:
142:
140:
139:
133:
126:
124:
120:
119:
113:
109:
108:
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100:
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93:
92:
90:
89:
83:
76:
74:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
46:
43:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5091:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4922:
4913:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
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4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
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4814:
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4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4679:Liberal Union
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4526:The Democrats
4524:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4468:Radical Party
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4167:Ivanoe Bonomi
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3991:88-220-6253-1
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:, Vallecchi,
3956:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:, Vallecchi,
3942:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:, Mondadori,
3928:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3830:
3824:
3808:
3807:La Repubblica
3804:
3798:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3618:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3538:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3406:Storia, Rai.
3402:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3161:
3158:(1990–1992),
3157:
3154:(1989–1990),
3153:
3150:(1986–1989),
3149:
3146:(1983–1986),
3145:
3142:(1979–1983),
3141:
3138:(1978–1979),
3137:
3134:(1972–1978),
3133:
3130:(1968–1972),
3129:
3125:
3122:(1962–1968),
3121:
3118:(1958–1962),
3117:
3114:(1956–1958),
3113:
3110:(1953–1956),
3109:
3106:(1950–1953),
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:(1948–1949),
3093:
3090:(1946–1948),
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3075:(1989–1992),
3074:
3071:(1980–1989),
3070:
3067:(1978–1980),
3066:
3063:(1976–1978),
3062:
3058:
3055:(1969–1975),
3054:
3051:(1966–1969),
3050:
3047:(1960–1966),
3046:
3043:(1954–1960),
3042:
3039:(1946–1954),
3038:
3034:
3031:
3028:(1989–1992),
3027:
3024:(1982–1989),
3023:
3020:(1980–1982),
3019:
3016:(1975–1980),
3015:
3012:(1973–1975),
3011:
3008:(1969–1973),
3007:
3003:
3000:(1964–1969),
2999:
2998:Mariano Rumor
2996:(1959–1964),
2995:
2992:(1954–1959),
2991:
2988:(1953–1954),
2987:
2984:(1950–1953),
2983:
2982:Guido Gonella
2980:(1949–1950),
2979:
2975:
2972:(1946–1949),
2971:
2968:(1944–1946),
2967:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2802:Mariano Rumor
2799:
2794:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
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2561:
2557:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2495:
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2487:
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2473:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
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2441:
2434:
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2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:Mariano Rumor
2382:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2328:
2325:
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2316:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2291:
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2271:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:Mariano Rumor
1954:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
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1847:
1843:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1616:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1574:This section
1572:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1557:Controversies
1548:
1547:MediaWiki.org
1544:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1477:and 41.2% in
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:and 57.8% in
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:Central Italy
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1375:. There, the
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1278:partitocrazia
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:Mariano Rumor
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Antonio Segni
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:Pope Leo XIII
1089:
1088:
1087:Rerum novarum
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:family values
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:2001 election
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
982:Franco Marini
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
895:
889:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
833:Bettino Craxi
830:
826:
825:
820:
813:
809:
803:
798:
796:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
742:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
706:
702:
696:
692:
683:
681:
677:
671:
667:
665:
661:
660:United States
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
631:
627:
618:
616:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:
463:
458:
456:
452:
451:Balena bianca
448:
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
355:
351:
346:
341:
337:
336:
332:
328:
322:
316:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
291:
289:
285:
282:
279:
277:
273:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
242:
238:
235:
232:
230:
226:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
192:
188:
184:
181:
178:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4954:
4719:Forza Italia
4619:
4544:Civic Choice
4438:Action Party
4361:Action Party
4114:Armed forces
4100:Action Party
4079:
3996:
3978:
3975:Nico Perrone
3968:
3954:
3940:
3926:
3912:
3898:
3876:
3854:
3842:
3837:
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3809:(in Italian)
3806:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:the original
3775:
3768:
3749:
3739:
3730:
3716:(1): 89–98.
3713:
3709:
3703:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3638:(1): 16–33.
3635:
3631:
3625:
3605:
3598:
3578:
3571:
3559:. Retrieved
3544:
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3511:
3501:
3481:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3448:
3438:
3426:
3420:
3411:
3401:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3346:
3310:. Retrieved
3306:the original
3296:
3277:
3251:
3232:
3224:
3156:Antonio Gava
3049:Mario Scelba
1686:Antonio Gava
1671:
1668:Tangentopoli
1667:
1664:Pentapartito
1663:
1661:
1642:
1611:
1602:
1587:Please help
1575:
1524:
1495:
1464:
1452:
1446:(53.7%) and
1426:), 69.6% in
1405:
1399:, where the
1354:
1329:Forza Italia
1313:Tangentopoli
1312:
1302:
1282:
1277:
1251:
1211:Mario Scelba
1188:
1185:
1168:conservative
1161:
1106:
1102:Pope Pius XI
1095:
1085:
1071:Luigi Sturzo
1067:Romolo Murri
1056:
994:
990:Romano Prodi
975:
960:
944:Forza Italia
930:
903:
878:Tangentopoli
877:
867:
866:In 1992 the
865:
852:Italian lira
848:Pentapartito
847:
841:
839:government.
837:Pentapartito
836:
824:Pentapartito
822:
816:
802:Pentapartito
801:
793:and general
763:
759:Red Brigades
748:
732:
709:
672:
668:
649:
637:Harry Truman
634:
612:
608:
592:Action Party
572:World War II
569:
560:
541:Luigi Sturzo
534:
512:Forza Italia
467:Pentapartito
465:
459:
442:Tangentopoli
440:
429:centre-right
412:
393:
381:
380:
333:
265:Pentapartito
186:Women's wing
167:
163:
146:Headquarters
63:Abbreviation
36:
4845:(1946–1995)
4839:(1943–1945)
4833:(1921–1943)
4827:(1919–1923)
4821:(1910–1923)
4812:Nationalist
4804:(1995–2009)
4798:(1977–1979)
4792:(1959–1972)
4786:(1954–1959)
4780:(1946–1959)
4774:(1946–1949)
4757:(2019–2022)
4751:(2017–2019)
4745:(2015–2017)
4739:(2013–2017)
4733:(2010–2014)
4727:(2009–2013)
4721:(1994–2009)
4715:(1919–1924)
4693:(1953–1954)
4687:(1922–1994)
4681:(1913–1922)
4664:(1999–2013)
4658:(2005–2009)
4652:(2001–2002)
4646:(1995–2002)
4640:(1994–2002)
4628:(1994–2002)
4622:(1943–1994)
4616:(1919–1926)
4610:(1913–1919)
4604:(1906–1919)
4587:(2011–2013)
4585:Great South
4581:(1995–1996)
4575:(1994–1996)
4569:(1943–1951)
4552:(2015–2018)
4546:(2013–2019)
4540:(2002–2007)
4534:(1993–2003)
4528:(1999–2002)
4522:(1996–2002)
4511:(1998–1999)
4505:(1919–1926)
4499:(1913–1919)
4482:(1991–1999)
4480:The Network
4476:(1993–1997)
4470:(1955–1989)
4458:(1922–1926)
4452:(1913–1919)
4446:(1904–1922)
4440:(1853–1867)
4423:(2017–2023)
4421:Article One
4417:(1998–2007)
4411:(1998–2007)
4405:(1994–1998)
4399:(1947–1998)
4393:(1892–1994)
4387:(1966–1969)
4381:(1949–1951)
4375:(1948–1949)
4369:(1943–1948)
4363:(1929–1947)
4357:(1922–1930)
4351:(1912–1926)
4334:(1990–2021)
4328:(1986–1990)
4322:(1989–1990)
4305:(2010-2016)
4299:(2007–2010)
4293:(1991–1998)
4287:(1964–1972)
4281:(1882–1892)
4275:(1881–1893)
4258:(1998–2014)
4252:(1978–1991)
4246:(1921–1991)
4240:(1972–1984)
3312:10 November
3208:(1992–1993)
3194:(1946–1991)
3162:(1992–1994)
3079:(1992–1994)
3035:President:
3032:(1992–1994)
2964:Secretary:
1673:Mani pulite
1543:Phabricator
1323:joined the
1305:Berlin Wall
1207:Ezio Vanoni
1117:cooperation
1113:competition
1082:encyclicals
1046:) from the
906:Mario Segni
869:Mani pulite
590:(PRI), the
586:(PLI), the
582:(PSI), the
578:(PCI), the
531:Early years
433:centre-left
419:-inspired,
267:(1980–1991)
261:(1961–1976)
259:Centre-left
255:(1947–1959)
249:(1943–1947)
194:Membership
5013:Categories
4532:Segni Pact
3981:, Dedalo,
3880:As of the
3813:19 October
3787:19 October
3412:Rai Storia
3270:References
3041:Adone Zoli
2959:Leadership
1698:Salvo Lima
1475:Basilicata
1473:, 44.5 in
1274:particracy
1100:(1931) of
1090:(1891) of
1024:Propaganda
914:Segni Pact
482:, and the
343:Party flag
175:Youth wing
4755:Cambiamo!
4231:Communist
3660:144078864
3527:17 August
3464:26 August
3393:145534789
3116:Luigi Gui
3108:Aldo Moro
3061:Aldo Moro
2994:Aldo Moro
2933:272 / 720
2896:276 / 720
2859:290 / 720
2822:277 / 720
2790:287 / 720
2580:107 / 315
2543:125 / 315
2506:120 / 315
2469:138 / 315
2437:135 / 315
2405:135 / 315
2368:135 / 315
2348:Aldo Moro
2331:132 / 315
2294:123 / 246
2257:116 / 237
2225:131 / 237
2157:206 / 630
2120:234 / 630
2083:225 / 630
2046:262 / 630
2009:263 / 630
1977:266 / 630
1940:266 / 630
1920:Aldo Moro
1903:260 / 630
1866:273 / 596
1829:263 / 590
1792:305 / 574
1760:207 / 556
1605:June 2017
1576:does not
1485:Lega Nord
1462:(46.0%).
1450:(50.5%).
1442:(51.9%),
1254:Aldo Moro
1191:centrists
1149:anarchism
1145:communism
1141:socialism
1109:economics
1048:communist
928:(PPI).
904:In 1992,
897:basis of
888:Lega Nord
774:Campanian
735:Aldo Moro
716:Aldo Moro
705:Aldo Moro
522:in 1976.
371:Elections
200:2,109,670
164:Il Popolo
160:Newspaper
104:Dissolved
3959:Florence
3945:Florence
3722:29776027
3695:20030148
3322:cite web
3285:Archived
3126:(1968),
3102:(1950),
3098:(1949),
3059:(1976),
3004:(1969),
2976:(1949),
1516:Campania
1510:and the
1491:Piedmont
1471:Campania
1448:Campania
1428:Trentino
1387:and the
1369:Catholic
1361:Lombardy
1309:Cold War
1197:such as
1182:Factions
1127:idea of
1015:Ideology
980:, under
782:Radicals
658:and the
561:Popolari
545:Catholic
421:centrist
417:Catholic
415:). As a
396:) was a
253:Centrism
206:Ideology
4073:Parties
3903:Bologna
3892:Sources
3847:Bologna
3652:1404299
3561:24 July
3167:Symbols
2772:Leader
2722:26 / 81
2685:26 / 81
2653:29 / 81
2635:Leader
2207:Leader
1742:Leader
1597:removed
1582:sources
1545:and on
1465:In the
1444:Abruzzo
1414:in the
1406:In the
1377:Liberal
1176:liberal
1125:Marxist
901:rules.
778:Camorra
757:by the
650:In the
613:In the
557:Fascist
526:History
447:Italian
386:Italian
138:(split)
96:Founded
82:(first)
4634:(1998)
4464:(1946)
3989:
3756:
3720:
3693:
3658:
3650:
3613:
3586:
3552:
3518:
3489:
3455:
3391:
3354:
3258:
3239:
2766:Seats
2760:Votes
2629:Seats
2623:Votes
2201:Seats
2195:Votes
1736:Seats
1730:Votes
1506:, the
1479:Sicily
1460:Apulia
1365:Veneto
1094:, and
1077:. Two
502:, the
498:, the
478:, the
330:Anthem
318:
311:Colors
234:Centre
196:(1990)
88:(last)
72:Leader
4313:Green
4066:Italy
3985:2002
3931:Milan
3868:Notes
3718:JSTOR
3691:JSTOR
3656:S2CID
3648:JSTOR
3389:S2CID
2928:33.4
2891:35.0
2854:36.8
2817:35.3
2785:37.8
2717:32.9
2680:33.0
2648:36.5
2575:27.3
2538:33.6
2501:32.4
2464:38.3
2432:38.9
2400:38.1
2363:38.3
2326:36.6
2289:41.2
2252:40.7
2220:48.1
2152:29.7
2115:34.3
2078:32.9
2041:38.3
2004:38.7
1972:38.7
1935:39.1
1898:38.3
1861:42.4
1824:40.1
1787:48.5
1755:35.2
1635:boss
1633:Mafia
1440:Lazio
1373:South
1079:Papal
1040:Italy
874:Milan
786:Mafia
321:White
4003:2005
3987:ISBN
3983:Bari
3961:1977
3947:1974
3933:1956
3919:1955
3917:Rome
3905:2000
3849:2009
3815:2010
3789:2010
3754:ISBN
3611:ISBN
3584:ISBN
3563:2013
3550:ISBN
3529:2012
3516:ISBN
3487:ISBN
3466:2012
3453:ISBN
3352:ISBN
3328:link
3314:2013
3256:ISBN
3237:ISBN
2921:1990
2884:1985
2847:1980
2810:1975
2778:1970
2769:+/−
2710:1989
2673:1984
2641:1979
2632:+/−
2568:1992
2531:1987
2494:1983
2457:1979
2425:1976
2393:1972
2356:1968
2319:1963
2282:1958
2245:1953
2213:1948
2204:+/−
2145:1992
2108:1987
2071:1983
2034:1979
1997:1976
1965:1972
1928:1968
1891:1963
1854:1958
1817:1953
1780:1948
1748:1946
1739:+/−
1580:any
1578:cite
1395:and
1363:and
1209:and
1193:and
1174:and
1147:and
1069:and
978:1996
772:, a
718:and
680:1979
676:1953
551:and
549:1919
543:, a
431:and
154:Rome
4064:of
3683:doi
3640:doi
3381:doi
3223:".
1591:by
1512:CDU
1508:CCD
1504:PPI
1280:).
1115:to
1107:In
958:.
892:in
678:to
570:As
563:in
5015::
3977:,
3967:,
3953:,
3939:,
3925:,
3911:,
3805:.
3712:.
3689:.
3679:26
3677:.
3654:.
3646:.
3634:.
3410:.
3387:.
3377:19
3375:.
3336:^
3324:}}
3320:{{
3086::
2907:14
2870:13
2833:10
2763:%
2626:%
2591:18
2517:18
2268:15
2198:%
2168:28
2094:37
1914:13
1877:10
1840:42
1803:98
1733:%
1696:,
1692:,
1688:,
1256:,
1245:,
1241:,
1229:,
1205:,
1201:,
1159:.
1143:,
1084:,
973:.
797:.
761:.
714:,
606:.
449::
423:,
394:DC
392:,
388::
152:,
66:DC
4911:e
4904:t
4897:v
4211:e
4204:t
4197:v
4047:e
4040:t
4033:v
3884:.
3831:.
3817:.
3791:.
3762:.
3724:.
3714:7
3697:.
3685::
3662:.
3642::
3636:9
3619:.
3592:.
3565:.
3531:.
3495:.
3468:.
3414:.
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3383::
3360:.
3330:)
3316:.
3264:.
3245:.
2944:4
2796:–
2728:–
2696:3
2659:–
2554:5
2480:3
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