Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)

1442:, inclined to use "extreme nationalism" to offset the Guard, became his premier. According to Iorga, the Duca assassination was "disgusting", but mostly dangerous in that it gave Tătărescu a free mandate to repress political life. In a 1936 interview, he suggested that the job of government was to "clamp down on all madmen", stressing however that he did not consider communism a relevant foe: "once I'll see some intelligent Romanians taking up communism, that's when I'll begin fearing . But up until then, given that it's only about foreigners and unintelligent Romanians, I have no such fear". The PND was nonetheless alarmed when, during the by-elections of 205: 1303: 1521:. During the proceedings, Cuza insisted for a cabinet that would include all those present as ministers. The election results were a tie: although the PNL-led alliance won a plurality (36%) of the vote, it could not form a government against the PNȚ and the Iron Guard; the latter two were also short of decisive seats in the Assembly. On December 28, the king used his prerogative and assigned power to the PNC, which had 9.15% of the vote, and the premiership to Goga. For the next 44 days, the country experienced chaos: the Guard paramilitaries and the PNC's 835:, securing Cuza's support. On April 26, an emergency congress of the PND reconfirmed Iorga as the party president. Cuza denounced Iorga as a sellout to "foreigners and alienated Romanians"; Iorga in turn denounced the breakaway leader as an irrational xenophobe and a "man of the past". However, as historian Armin Heinen observes, Cuza was also toning down his antisemitic discourse, since, in 1920, the idea of Jewish emancipation was "all too enshrined". Instead, his faction took up "radical slogans against the left, including threats of violence". 1165:. For a while, the PNP was seen as the potential conservative pole, which would attract into its ranks the former PCD militants. By 1925, it had absorbed one other faction of the latter group, under Iulian Vrăbiescu, and a PNR dissidence, under Mișu Economu. Working from within the PNP, they sought to prevent any union between the PNP and the PNR, proposed during the party congress in Craiova (March 1925). Ultimately, the schism between Iorga and Argetoianu also prevented the conservative consolidation from occurring. 1172:, which granted a "government dowry" (supplementary seats in Parliament) to the party that had a plurality of votes. He was a PNR representative at talks for a common strategy with the PP and PȚ, which ended with him rejecting Averescu's offer for a three-party merger; as a result, Averescu was called to power and presided over the electoral campaign and tally. When this tactical alliance between the king and the PP sparked consternation among the Nationals and the Peasantists, General 1703:, have described the PND as a highly personalized group, with Iorga at its center, and one largely incapable of organizing itself into a mass party. Historian Lucian T. Butaru argues that, in the 1910s, the PND had a "hybrid doctrine", "a symptom of political gaming in that twilight era of the census suffrage." During the early interwar, Drăghicescu suggested that the party's program, "for it has one", did not differentiate the PND from other conservative forces, in particular the 593:(PCD). The Bucharest list was headed by Iorga, while Kogălniceanu ran against them, as an independent; Liciu also ran, either as a PND affiliate or as an independent. In the wake of the elections, PND men complained that they had been harassed by the PCD, and that they could not hope to compete with it in the propaganda war. However, the PND itself also took up violence during the events, when Cătărău intervened to support Codreanu, who was running for a seat in 5630: 1857:

tradesman." Such speeches divided Romanian public opinion: the LANC and the Iron Guard celebrated his return to the fold, whereas moderates noted Iorga's overall reserve, and his positive appraisal of ancient Jewish culture. The latter opinion is also held by Țurlea, who notes: " was neither an antisemite, nor a philosemite; he was a defender of his People, while maintaining the conditional of equal rights for all of the Country's citizens."

36: 1965:. The hierarchy of PND political dimensions was outlined by Iorga himself: "we are first of all nationalists, then democrats, then peasantists. There is nothing we place above the nation, not even social justice." His promise in December 1915 was to create a "national and popular state, grouping together, with equal rights, Romanians of all classes and Romanians from all countries." 1427:, it was "a historical relic that grouped together the professor's most dedicated followers". It could still claim to dominate over the Iron Guard in the higher echelons of academic life, where it had 12 registered members, including Iorga, Pompeiu, and Ionescu-Sisești, whereas the Guard had 8. Among the more senior leaders, Tașcă left and joined the openly Nazi 1219:), and thus no seat in the resulting Assembly. Later that year, Romania's political system was reshuffled by the deaths of King Ferdinand and Brătianu. The PP and the PN found common ground in their shared resentment of the Romanian Regency regime, but also in their hostility toward the PNȚ; by June 1928, the PND also found common ground with the 657:, declaring that neutralism was "absurd". At a grassroots level, Cătărău, who was probably responding to Okhrana commands, involved himself in acts of terror in Bukovina and Transylvania, trying to push Austria-Hungary into declaring war. During the international scandal which followed, he fled Romania in mysterious circumstances. 1008:, in which the PND used for its logo a black flag defaced with a white sickle. According to Iorga's notes, he and Codreanu toured Moldavia, where they were greeted by large crowds of peasants, but also heckled by the PNL's electoral agents; Iorga was proposed, by popular acclamation, for the Senate seat of Botoșani. 1647:. It reported that the two party presidents were Munteanu-Râmnic and Pompeiu. Later records show that Flueraș's "socialist democratic party" was still independent from the PND. The latter, still led by Topa, existed in close proximity to Tătărescu's liberalism. It ultimately merged into the PNL-T shortly before the 2028:

Observing the political realignments of 1937, Iorga mused that "shackled parties" were becoming "a thing of the past" (a probable reference to the waning ideological coherence of his own PND). He revered the corporative monarchy as a return to the "idealized, organic, and hierarchical world", and, in

1379:

The PN-led alliance won five Assembly seats, none of which were taken by the PN itself. The government fell, and was replaced by a new Vaida-Voevod cabinet, rallying mainly ministers from the PNȚ's Calist radical-right. The latter threatened to overturn the Argetoianu legislation, leading the PN into

876:

theorized the PND was a conjectural ally of his party, since they both rejected "capitalist oligarchy"; he argued, however, that the PND "cannot understand revolutionism communist socialism", being largely made up of "naive" intellectuals "who fetishize motherland and tribe, which are in fact covers

1994:, its "tribulations" merely "a symptom of the difficulties that the local conservative movement underwent in its adaptation." In 1934, Iorga described the PND as "perfect constitutionalists", opposed to dictatorial experimentation, although he expressed support for creating a permanent, non-elected, 1530:

During its weeks in government, the PNC modified the electoral law, hoping to absorb smaller parties into its ranks, and began negotiating with Iorga a fusion with the PND. Pressured by the king, Iorga accepted to form a PNC–PND electoral coalition, which also gathered support from the German Party.

830:

and the Parliamentary Bloc, and, hoping to prevent Vaida's fall, presented Parliament with a land reform project. On March 13, 1920, Ferdinand ordered Vaida to step down, and installed Averescu as his prime minister. Years later, the monarchist Iorga saw this exercise of kingly power as abusive, and

509:

The party was nominally led by its two founders as co-presidents; in practice, Cuza had a supporting role, with Iorga supervising all aspects, including recruitment. Overall, however, Iorga was largely uninterested in creating himself a centralized and coherent party, preferring to focus on cultural

838:

The Iorga faction, allied with the PȚ into a Federation of National Social Democracy (FDNS), used as its symbol the sickle. Iorga's party won 10 seats in the Assembly and two in the Senate, whilst the Cuza group, or "Nationalist-Democratic Christian Party" (PNDC), won only two Assembly seats. Iorga

272:

of that particular environment. The PND was a weak challenge to the mainstream political forces, either conservative or liberal, failing in its bid to become Romania's third-strongest party. By 1916, it was effectively split between Iorga's moderates and Cuza's radicals, suspending its activity for

648:

made public his own project for land and electoral reform. While Iorga approved of their moderation, Cuza and Codreanu campaigned for more radical policies. Inner-party tensions flared up in the first two years of World War I, during which Romania, under a PNL government, was cautiously neutral.

1856:

In the late 1930s, the PND was again committed to economic antisemitism, theorizing that Romania was being invaded by the "Judaic spirit" and a "Hebrew network of exploitation". Nonetheless, Iorga urged his followers to display "no hatred toward the Jews. Only support and love for the Christian

629:, whereas Iorga opposed it (he was backed by various party activists, who found Cuza to be coarse and violent). The pro-war interventionist stance was also taken up by Kogălniceanu, who built on PND irredentism to propose Romania's expansion into "natural borders". Also around that time, at the 1860:

Shortly before World War II, Iorga openly criticized the PNC's antisemitic program, which he viewed as anti-constitutional, but made occasional returns to explicit antisemitism—such as when he signed up to editorials calling for the "delousing" of Romania. Overestimating the Jews' numbers and

736:

was marred in ambiguity, as Cuza continued to support Averescu from inside the party; Iorga, meanwhile, regarded the PP as a congregation of "upstarts", and precluded any collaboration with Averescu. The reformed party also attracted into its ranks new cadres from other backgrounds, including

727:

group capitalized on this, leaving Averescu's party, and rejoining the PND, which had been formally reactivated on November 26, 1918. Before going back to its original name, it briefly existed as the "Union of National Democracy". It circulated a radical program, promising land reform through

1508:

In his private records, Iorga observed that Romania was undergoing a "movement to the right", with campaigning monopolized by the Iron Guard and the PNC. Behind the scenes, the PNC, the PND and the Iron Guard were still discussing a common approach—during the electoral campaign, Iorga, Cuza,

616:

By then, the PND was holding annual congresses on Saint George's Day, with peasant participation. During the one of 1912, with Cuza absent due to illness, Iorga announced that he no longer pursued the Bucharest proletarian vote, and that the party would only focus on campaigning among the

788:; the PȚB had an additional 72 deputies. The growth was marginal, as the PND only convinced 5.7% of the Greater Romanian electorate. Iorga became a staunch critic of the electoral mores cultivated by the PNL and the PP, alleging voter intimidation and supposed communist infiltration. 815:. The PND again split into two factions, Iorga having omitted to present Cuza as a PND candidate for Averescu's post. At that junction, Iorga and his supporters pushed for Kogălniceanu to take over as prime minister, though the latter was under investigation for embezzlement. 1366:

in alliance with the PUA and a pro-Iorga list. The suffrage was marred by violence, including clashes between the state authorities and the LANC—but also between various parties and the rising radical-fascist dissidence of the LANC, led by Corneliu Codreanu, and known as the

1634:

and reestablished a liberal system of government, but one increasingly controlled by the PCR. Released from prison, Vlădescu-Răcoasa transformed the UP into a political party, closely aligned with the PCR, and participated in government as a delegate of the communist-led

1011:

After some PND candidatures were ruled out by the electoral commission, Iorga declared the election fraudulent. The party only won only five seats in the Assembly and two in the Senate. In May 1922, at the height of renewed antisemitic incidents, Cuza, with Codreanu and

1875:

in general, and Jewish modernist writers in particular, calling for censorship and repression of "pornography". Himself a modernist, Arghezi noted that Iorga had changed his beliefs on the issue "6 times every 24 hours", a man with "two heads that ram into each other".

669:'s Unionist Federation. According to Iorga, the latter group perverted the nationalist cause, using its symbols in an attempt to topple and replace Brătianu. The highly inactive PND eventually suspended its activities in September 1916, some time after Brătianu had 1227:

as a People's Party ally, using the latter's six-pointed star as a logo. The elections were a major defeat for Averescu, whose alliance only won 2.5% of the vote and five seats in the Assembly. The PNȚ victory was seen by Iorga as proof of "demagogic debauchery".

846:, and the integration of ethnic minorities into Greater Romania. He engaged in heated debates with Cuza over the matter. During the Democratic Bloc episode, Iorga displayed fondness toward left-wing politicians, and promoted to ministerial office the Laborite 280:, after November 1918. It frequently changed names and refined its official stance, becoming closely aligned with Iorga's evolving ideas on society and politics. During the early 1920s, it trailed to the left of the political spectrum, caucusing with the 1562:, in which capacity he played an instrumental part in repressing the Guard, by instigating Corneliu Codreanu's arrest (and, indirectly, his killing in custody). Two years later, as the FRN regime collapsed and was replaced by a Guard government, or " 1789:

The PND is remembered as one of the first Romanian parties to be formed around a platform of explicit antisemitism. As noted by Veiga, Cuza's anti-Jewish narrative, both within and without the PND, was "obsessive and firebrand", with hints of

1586:

resistance group, and was swiftly arrested by the Antonescu regime, then sentenced to life in prison. From early 1944, Topa was also drawn into such opposition projects. Styled "Social Democratic Party–Topa", to distinguish itself from the

1836:

According to Butaru, his "more complex" nationalism only gave "sporadic" support to the racist far-right, mainly because the latter was also nationalist and monarchist. The PND's episodic government saw the formation of a parliamentarian

1531:

This arrangement did not prevent Iorga from demanding a return to constitutional norms, including by forming a national unity government and overturning Goga's laws. In February 1938, Carol ordered Goga to step down, replacing him with

1346:

cause an uproar among foreign investors, and, at home, alienated Filipescu and the LVȚ. The measures were eventually ruled unconstitutional. The government's other tactic was to censor the press' reporting on the banking crisis and the

1558:, although the authorities sought to prevent their interference with the electoral process. Topa, Ionescu-Sisești, and Pompeiu were also appointed to high ceremonial office under the FRN rule. Iorga remained a full member of Carol's 1845:. Iorga argued that the Jews were not Romania's "natural enemy" and were capable of cooperating with "the legitimate masters of the land", stating that he preferred allying himself to Jews over signing any pact with Nazis. In 1937, 617:

intellectuals, merchants, artisans and the peasantry. Its propaganda program, carried out in conjunction with the Cultural League, included setting up public libraries. The event also market the official launch of Cuza's newspaper,

1817:, the LANC viewed the PND's leader as "kike-turned", accusing him of having endorsed Jewish businesses, and, with them, alcoholism. Cuza also accused Iorga of changing his "regimen" by giving in to Jewish temptations. In 1931, the 1707:, on whose electorate it relied. Historian Petre Țurlea also suggests that: "The position of the Democratic Nationalist Party on all matters that relate to Romanian society is entirely identifiable with that of its founder ." 5402:

Corneliu Olaru, "Contribuții ale corpului didactic al Academiei de Înalte Studii Comerciale și Industriale din București pe domenii de referință. Monedă și finanțe", in Maria Mureșan, Corneliu Olaru, Mihail Oprițescu (eds.),

2022: 1220: 2017:. He maintained a friendship with Italy during his term as prime minister, earning backing from most other political groups—since, at the time, Italy was averse to Nazi Germany; on a more personal level, Iorga looked upon 1477:(PNC), a successor of the LANC. By 1937, Cuza and Iorga were on amiable terms, the latter referring to the former as "a great elder of this nation", and being in turn celebrated by the PNC as Romania's "greatest speaker". 497:, in effect "granting the peasants that large part of the land that is currently occupied by a fictitious great landed property". Iorga's stance on national and agrarian issue had made him a target for surveillance by the 756:. The PND, however, was opposed to more radical decentralizing tendencies, and especially to corporate rights for the ethnic and religious minorities: in June, Iorga polemicized over the issue with Bukovina regionalists 1861:

influence, he stated that his main goal was waging an economic "war" though industriousness and boycotts, but also through a "sensibly organized" expulsion of some Jews. Topa also entertained such ideas, publishing in

1777:, the PND failed to win over the Transylvanian middle classes; its "bombastic impassioned speeches about historical precedence and unjust past suffering", she notes, were less appealing than the modernizing promise of 1196:, PN), regretting the dispersal of his "united legion for a national future" and the PNȚ's preference for "social parties". Thus renewed, it had a square-in-square logo (回), and its Vice President was the educationist 1181:. It marked a peak of LANC electoral politics, winning them 120,000 votes and ten deputies, largely in counties previously loyal to the PND. Iorga managed to win the only seats taken by the opposition in Covurlui and 1176:

visited the opposition leaders in Iorga's home, warning them not to resort to violence. The election was carried by pro-government candidates, but, according to Iorga himself, voters were intimidated by omnipresent

1642:

At the time, the communized Siguranța followed closely the PND's activities. Its agents claimed that the PND was turning into a dissident "workers' party", absorbing into it a "reactionary socialist" faction under

482: 4250:

Boia (2012), pp. 164, 168, 187, 194–196; Bucur, pp. 114, 252; Clark (2015), p. 233; Heinen, pp. 411, 490; Panu, p. 94; Stanomir, p. 225; Țurlea (2009), p. 143; Veiga, pp. 292–293, 309–310; Volovici, pp. 45,

1551:, more liberal than those enforced by the PNC; these new regulations barred those who had not been Romanians for "at least three generations" from holding public office—allegedly targeting the Codreanus. 1371:. These occurred after Iorga had renewed a (largely ineffective) order to ban the Guard. Nevertheless, in Communist Party directives for 1932, Iorga's own government was being referred to as "fascist". 2009:, as the basis for a legal dictatorship. Iorga's support for left-wing causes weakened just as his rejection of the Iron Guard became explicit: he rejected socialist humanitarianism, and the legacy of 1415:

By 1935, Iorga was losing the support of radical youths, whose nationalism was more mystical (against Iorga's secularism), and who were enlisting in, or sympathizing with, the Iron Guard. One of them,

493:". A final major rally point for the PND, was the agrarian platform, on which the PND clashed with the mainstream Conservatives. Explicitly set out against the "old parties", Iorga's group pushed for 1211:

The party and the newspaper were targeted by repressive policies under the new Averescu government, until the Prime Minister himself was compelled by Iorga to apologize and desist. The PN ran in the

842:

The FDNS supported the Democratic Bloc, an anti-PNL and anti-Averescu alliance formed around Vaida-Voevod. Like Vaida, Iorga supported reconciliation with the wartime enemies, as demanded by the

1358:

During those months, the opposition began referring to the governing dyad as "comedic dictators". Its fall was precipitated by the civil servants' protests, in particular the jailers' strike in

1794:; however, it did not discriminate against Jewish women, and was always more secular than that of his LANC colleagues. Iorga was generally more reserved, beginning his career as a skeptic of 6128: 382:

Iorga and Cuza traced their collaboration to 1895, when they were among the founders of a short-lived Universal Antisemitic Alliance. The PND's existence was formalized on May 6 [

416:

worldview: "Romania seems to have turned into a sewage canal for all sorts of ethnic filth, and the Romanian cannot sustain himself, by honest labor, in his own country—so he perishes."

1759:, but "threatened" by it, since its constituents "live under the same exploitative conditions as the urban proletariat overwhelmed by the capitalist class." From the conservative club 400:, he had also created a string of cultural-political societies, including the Brotherhood of Loyal Romanians, which had brought him into direct contact with Cuza; both men ran for 1982:

group in their denunciation of the parliamentary system. Iorga talked of a "moral reform", and of "creating a new soul for the Romanian people." The PND–LVȚ alliance in favor of

748:: Iorga, taking a pragmatic approach, voted in favor, while Cuza and Codreanu were the only two parliamentarians to vote against. In parallel, both Cuza and Iorga drifted toward 5335: 5439: 1004:, approached Iorga for a fusion, but the latter insisted that they dissolve their party and enlist with the PND as simple members. The two PND factions reunited before the 1497:

as its president. That same month, some PND members, including Topa, became junior members of Tătărescu's "enlarged cabinet", which existed for the purpose of overseeing

1197: 6436: 1423:, and thus effect the destruction of the "democratic capitalist state". As Heinen notes, the PND had become "entirely insignificant" electorally; according to historian 3301:(1987), pp. 64, 69, 80, 88, 183, 237, 243, 498, 658, 744, 902, 974, 1054, 1064; (2003), pp. 79, 107, 109, 250–252, 342, 447, 448, 533, 680–682, 739, 890, 907, 965, 1042 1168:

Later in 1925, the PNP, alongside other conservative groups, merged into the PNR. Iorga protested against the PNL-backed electoral law of 1926, voted just weeks before

6346: 3656:

Florin-Răzvan Mihai, "Dinamica electorală a candidaților minoritari din Bucovina la alegerile generale din România interbelică", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.),

1821:

noted the Iron Guard's admiration for Iorga, but also that the latter "openly rejects antisemitic formulas and methods". With noted reluctance, Iorga finally accepted

1890:—real or fictitious", and an idealization of supposed "peasant republics" from Romania's distant past, party-less and non-bureaucratic. His advocacy took the form of 1539:; he made Iorga, Averescu, Tătărescu and Vaida members of a government steering committee, ordering them to quit their parties. Following this, Carol established his 5976: 768:, carried by universal male suffrage, and the first ones involving the whole of Greater Romania. Its logo showing two hands shaking, it had as its regional ally the 653:, but did so rather cautiously, placing his faith in the Brătianu administration. The party split over the issue: Cuza pushed for immediate intervention against the 5035: 1841:, which accused Iorga and his ministers of not taking any action against antisemitism; however, Iorga's "National Union" still won endorsements from the apolitical 531: 1352: 1331: 625:

for the recently deceased Liciu. The congress of 1913 showed the growing rift between Cuza and Iorga: the former supported quick intervention in what became the

6431: 6310: 1678:, serving as its prison doctor. Topa died in captivity in 1957, as did his one-time party colleague Tașcă. Ionescu-Sisești was stripped of his position in the 1651:, with Topa returning as its representative in the Assembly. The following year, a former PND cadre, dentist Petre Rădiță, became an ally of the communists. A 4843:

Corneliu Carp, "Cronica literară. Scriitorul basarabean Dumitru C. Moruzi și aniversarea luărei Basarabiei. — O scriere festivă: Pribegi în țara răpită", in

4412:

Studies on Literature, Discourse and Multicultural Dialogue. The Proceedings of the International Conference Literature, Discourse and Multicultural Dialogue

5235: 1941:

clashed with the party's "social pledge". Thus, the PND switched between the promise of universal suffrage and land reform, and proposals to bring back the

5611: 5128: 1663: 1485:

In November 1937, Averescu, who was informed that Carol plotted to dissolve all political groups and establish a personal dictatorship, proposed forming a

551: 543: 4360: 1047:

The PND was continuing its transformation into a moderate party. Its leader firmly condemned the terrorist activities of LANC regional leaders, primarily

613:. They were to remain for long the party's only two parliamentarians, and represented the more marginal Second Colleges, comprising the urban underclass. 396: 119: 5695: 6133: 3192:

Clark (2015), pp. 37, 38–39; Volovici, pp. 24–30. See also Bozdoghină (2008), pp. 174–175; Butaru, pp. 98–99; Heinen, p. 108; Mezarescu, pp. 47–48, 112

1990:", the first of several used by Carol against parliamentary power. Contrarily, Stanomir writes that Iorga's ideology was primarily a conservatism à la 1173: 1051:(son of the former PND member). He also took a firm stand against the anti-Jewish riots encouraged by Cuza and the Codreanus in Iași, demanding strict 1724:

sees the PND as a symptom of "continental neoconservatism", largely shaped by international populism and, locally, by the 19th-century poet-ideologue

6741: 6325: 5690: 5365: 1751:

Functionally, PND doctrines represented "the rejection of urban-industrial society by the petty and middle bourgeoisie". As claimed by the communist

799:. This was a moment of triumph for the anti-system and anti-PNL parties. Their multicolored coalition, called Parliamentary Bloc, also included the 6113: 6108: 5660: 5589: 1501:. Like the PNC, the Romanian Front, and the PP, it ran on a common list headed by the PNL. Also joining this pact by proxy was the Nazi-influenced 1447: 1322:, the cabinet was divisive on economic policy. Reportedly, Prime Minister Iorga took little interest in crisis management, leaving Argetoianu, the 1065: 634: 547: 6676: 5700: 5567: 5508: 5468: 1810: 1721: 567: 264:. Its support base was in the lower reaches of the Romanian middle class, and, especially through Cuza's ideology, it reflected the xenophobia, 6746: 6280: 6138: 4344: 3167: 1588: 1431:. He and other former PND technocrats later switched to the National Peasantists, with Tașcă becoming that party's adviser on economic policy. 450:(PNL). It was the first lower-middle-class organization in Romanian politics, its antisemitism and traditionalism being also manifestations of 6716: 1894:, though one not necessarily tied to the historical borders. In 1919, while openly denouncing separatism, Iorga advocated the restoration of 1518: 1419:, defined the PND as a one-man party, but also a "source of light", hoping to draw it into an alliance with the Guard, the LANC, and Vaida's 811:. The PP was also co-opted until Iorga, designated Assembly President, issued a verbal attack against Averescu. The latter resigned from the 761: 1547:—Iorga accepted the demise of the PND, and played a part in the decision to outlaw all the other parties. He also helped shape a new set of 6558: 6234: 5941: 5675: 5665: 1288: 839:

took the deputy seat in Covurlui. He had also been proposed for an eligible position in Transylvania, but was quietly rejected by the PNR.

350: 55: 3330:"Amânarea 'sine die' a fuziunii dela Craiova. Intransigență în ambele tabere. D. Argetoianu la Craiova. Condițiile viitoarei fuziuni", in 1769:, integrating it into the nationalist agenda. Early on, Iorga and Cuza both had designs of education reform which doubled as critiques of 1670:, and was imprisoned by the regime after 1949. Topa was also arrested, in May 1951, part of a group charged (spuriously) with "spying for 338:. Iorga's version of middle-class nationalism faded into political insignificance with the advent of fascist movements, in particular the 6711: 6650: 6426: 6351: 5997: 5715: 1667: 885:

In September 1921, the PND agreed to fuse into the PȚ. The pact eventually crumbled when Iorga fought against the arrival into the PȚ of

435:", which Cuza used as a symbol of his antisemitic struggle. Beyond that, the party's roots were in the more radical forms of generically 391: 96: 704:. Their move was rejected by Iorga, who called it an "usurpation" by "ambitious and weary men." Both Iorga and Cuza participated in the 6751: 6686: 5511:, "Aspecte secundare ale procesului intentat 'spionilor Vaticanului' în 1951. Materiale inedite din arhivele aparatului represiv", in 5971: 1592: 1268:

in its Transylvanian constituencies, and also enjoyed nationwide support from various groups representing the ethnic minorities: the

362: 107: 6701: 6497: 6487: 6204: 6123: 6032: 6027: 5604: 2947: 1853:

and addressed to the Jews, but kept secret from Christian voters, it appealed to patriotism as a shared value of both communities.

1745: 1466: 6736: 6731: 6681: 6361: 6214: 5670: 5136: 1813:

informs, Iorga became "conciliatory" on the Jewish issues, and was "anxious to minimize" his earlier alliance with Cuza. Through

597:. The party took some 15% of the popular vote in those precincts where it put up candidates, but failed to win any seats. In the 5304:

Daniel Hrenciuc, "Integrarea minorităților naționale din Bucovina în Regatul României Mari (1918–1928). Unele considerații", in

4006: 3846: 6726: 6721: 6593: 6563: 6451: 6356: 6209: 6098: 5956: 5735: 5680: 4107:

Mihai Adrian Panu, "Reprezentarea politică a minorității germane în Banatul interbelic", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.),

3123:(1987), pp. 33–34, 80, 199, 200, 246, 251, 285, 348, 409–410, 440–441, 652, 658–659, 743–744, 850–855, 858, 859, 876, 1060–1061 1728:. According to Veiga, Iorga's movement functions as both a concrete revival of Eminescu's tenets and a Romanian counterpart to 1636: 812: 447: 285: 5966: 5961: 1000:, was recalled in January 1922. Following Ionescu's sudden death later that year, Conservative-Democrat delegation, headed by 6376: 5650: 5543: 5503: 5480: 5430: 5416: 5408: 5397: 5373: 5220: 5203: 5194:"Regional Cooperation According to Interwar Romanian Nationalists", in Ivan Biliarsky, Ovidiu Cristea, Anca Oroveanu (eds.), 5158: 5144: 5080: 5067: 4878: 4419: 4116: 4014: 3854: 3837:, Vol. XXI, Issues 3–4, 2013, p. 211; Elis Neagoe-Pleșa, "Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej și 'procesul ceferiștilor' (1933–1934)", in 3665: 3534: 2021:

with noted sympathy. This was reciprocated by the Italians, who offered Iorga a position on the steering committee of their

1716:

circle, bridging romantic aesthetics and a doctrine variously called "illiberal nationalism", "heterodox conservatism", or "

342:; his own growing support for authoritarianism led him to dissolve the PND in 1938, when he and other cadres joined Carol's 6691: 6199: 6022: 5655: 5620: 5248:

Tiberiu Dumitru Costăchescu, "Partidul Național Liberal în anii regimurilor autoritare (februarie 1938 – august 1944)", in

2282: 1323: 697: 696:

newspaper, styled PND mouthpiece, Cuza and Codreanu announced that the party had merged into the anti-PNL coalition called

220: 5343:

Ion Mamina, "Partidul revoluționar — reprezentantul politic al al intereselor clasei muncitoare, al maselor populare", in

752:, joining the ranks of a pressure group called Brotherhood of Unified Moldavia, which reunited them with leftists such as 6583: 6148: 6118: 6068: 6012: 5806: 5685: 5597: 1615:

explained these as "radical-democratic groups", in opposition to "right-wing democrats" from the mainstream PNȚ and PNL.

1493:. The option failed to enlist crucial support from the PNC, who wanted a "government of generals and magistrates", with 6371: 6320: 6163: 6083: 5785: 5645: 5163:

Marius Chelcu, "Un memoriu al ieșenilor la sfârșitul Marelui Război. Îngrijorările și speranțele unui nou început", in

4040:

Clark (2012), pp. 84–85, 88–89. See also Boia (2012), pp. 59–60; Țurlea (2009), pp. 139–140, 142; Volovici, pp. 151–155

1428: 1265: 1510: 1389: 6618: 6613: 6411: 6300: 5755: 5583: 5562: 5292: 5186: 5122: 4871:

Identitățile Chișinăului: Orașul interbelic. Materialele Conferinței Internaționale, Ediția a 5-a, 1–2 noiembrie 2018

4372: 3430: 3319: 1192:(PNȚ), on October 10, 1926. On October 11, Iorga reestablished the PND under the provisional name of National Party ( 1025: 804: 289: 5619: 3997:

Dumitru Lăcătușu, "Procesul Anei Pauker de la București și Craiova (27 februarie 1936 și 5 iunie–7 iulie 1936)", in

1818: 1473:, and intervened to pressure Tătărescu into banning and disarming the movement. Nonetheless, the PND approached the 1055:; he and other PND-ists were in turn denounced by the antisemites for their alleged leniency, and threatened by the 6696: 6507: 6502: 6482: 6477: 6264: 6168: 5905: 5725: 3468:

Elisabeta Savu, Tatiana Ristea, "Mureșenii în memorialistica lui Zaharia Antinescu și Dumitru Munteanu Râmnic", in

1639:. Pompeiu was also co-opted into the communist establishment, and appointed to high offices in the academic world. 1579: 1223:

and other Bukovina regionalists, all of whom resented the PNL's centralizing policies. Iorga's party contested the

6063: 3916:

Boia (2012), pp. 29–30, 59–60; Volovici, pp. 56–60, 65, 76, 85, 88–89, 133, 154–155. See also Heinen, pp. 194, 200

2571:

Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 70–72; Clark (2015), p. 37; Heinen, pp. 86, 95, 118; Veiga, pp. 55, 107, 120, 167, 177, 293

2378: 1081:, and other regional organs, the PND established other, often short-lived, newspapers and magazines. They include 390:) as a union of two groups respectively led by Iorga and Cuza. Iorga had previously entered and left the mainline 6158: 5861: 353:

at its helm. In this final part of its existence, it joined up with liberal and socialist forces in opposing the

6608: 6553: 6472: 6194: 5720: 5114: 2332: 2306: 2276: 2248: 2220: 2192: 2164: 2136: 2108: 2081: 2066: 1648: 1555: 1498: 1405: 1363: 1307: 1253: 1224: 1212: 1201: 1169: 1005: 832: 781: 769: 765: 705: 598: 586: 424: 405: 335: 5534:"Din nou despre poziția Partidului Naționalist Democrat față de evrei", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.), 5319:

Cuvântarea ținută la Întrunirea Comitetului executiv al Partidului Naționalist-Democrat de la 21 Ianuarie 1934

3509:

Cuvântarea ținută la Întrunirea Comitetului executiv al Partidului Naționalist-Democrat de la 21 Ianuarie 1934

3310:

Ileana-Stanca Desa, Dulciu Morărescu, Ioana Patriche, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Adriana Raliade, Iliana Sulică,

3227:

Alexandru-Ovidiu Vintilă, "Traian Brăileanu, sub semnul imperativului categoric (excurs biobibliografic)", in

1871:

of the medical corps. The PND press was deeply involved, alongside far-right newspapers, in campaigns against

1283:

The National Union won 289 seats in the Assembly, including one for Mircea Iorga. A PN man, the mathematician

889:, whom he regarded as a wartime traitor. In December, the PND took the name of "Nationalist Peasants' Party" ( 6512: 6381: 6002: 5920: 5770: 5765: 5760: 1700: 1052: 716: 590: 383: 67: 5951: 1392:. In September of that year, the PN reverted to its old name of PND, being later joined by recruits such as 6401: 6259: 6239: 5946: 3425:, p. 13. Bucharest: Editura Noua Alternativă & Social Theory Institute of the Romanian Academy, 1994. 1600: 1544: 1461:, generally advocating a pro-French system of alliances between anti-German "small states", resting on the 800: 455: 281: 131: 5227: 2033:. When confronted with Carol's own modernizing-totalitarian ambitions, Iorga stated his preference for an 1752: 1457:

Iorga's support for the monarchy and his ostensible legalism were complemented by a strong stance against

873: 550:, the biologist and social worker. The Moldavian wing included veterans of far-right antisemitism such as 6528: 6406: 6391: 6386: 6244: 6229: 5151:

Rasism românesc. Componenta rasială a discursului antisemit din România, până la Al Doilea Război Mondial

1734: 1604: 1548: 1397: 1338:

for farmers (a policy borrowed from the PNȚ) and a crystallization, then liquidation, of the state's own

1319: 1189: 622: 427:

were a parasitical or exploitative stratum of society. Its earliest recorded symbol was the right-facing

327: 301: 2029:

his final years, suggested that the proper economic and social model revolved around artisans and their

1720:". As such, it formed part of a larger anti-liberal phenomenon of early 20th-century politics. Academic 1327: 6578: 6548: 6254: 6153: 6088: 6073: 6017: 5836: 5826: 5167:, Vol. LXIV, Special Issue: "Marea Unire a românilor (1918)—Istorie și actualitate", 2018, pp. 571–589. 5059: 4347:, "Încercarea romilor din România de a obține statutul de naționalitate conlocuitoare (1948–1949)", in 4217:

Florin Grecu, "'Campania electorală' din mai 1939; mecanisme, proceduri și comportament electoral", in

2038: 1986:

managed to shake, then topple, the PNȚ coalition in 1931. According to Veiga, the Iorga cabinet was a "

1675: 1540: 851: 689: 670: 461:

Continuing Iorga's propaganda work, the party also endorsed the nationalism of Romanian communities in

440: 343: 4943:

Heinen, pp. 144–145; Stanomir, pp. 176–178, 184–189, 226–234; Veiga, p. 130. See also Volovici, p. 129

3631:, p. 6; "Où va la Roumanie?", pp. 19–20; Clark (2015), p. 112; Heinen, p. 145; Veiga, pp. 129–130, 200 3032:

Ion Bitoleanu, "Actul ratificării tratatelor de pace în corpurile leguitoare ale României — 1920", in

2983:

Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 73, 74. See also Heinen, pp. 95–96; Mezarescu, pp. 46–47; Țurlea (2009), p. 137

6396: 6305: 6184: 6143: 5915: 5856: 5846: 5801: 5780: 5775: 5740: 5710: 4501: 1729: 1486: 1385: 1245: 320: 2438:

Clark (2015), pp. 28–29, 37; Veiga, pp. 55, 69, 130; Volovici, pp. 17–18, 22–24, 30–33, 174, 181–182

1554:

Remnants of the PND still organized as an "intermediary group", or distinct FRN faction, during the

1200:, founder of the summer school in Vălenii. Its new affiliates included the left-leaning sociologist 744:

The PND remained divided on issues pertaining to antisemitism. In April 1919, the Assembly voted on

6446: 6315: 6295: 6103: 6093: 5910: 5459:"Lichidarea social-democrației din România. Cazul Ion Flueraș (august 1944 – iunie 1953)", in 2010: 1652: 1623: 1563: 1559: 1536: 1474: 1277: 1216: 1056: 855: 539: 5496:

Basarabia în primul deceniu interbelic (1918–1928): modernizare prin reforme. Monografii ANTIM VII

6588: 6224: 6037: 2034: 1969: 1704: 1439: 1435: 1048: 792: 297: 204: 5257:

Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. III: Catalog alfabetic 1919–1924

1829:

as absurd. The 1920s saw him maintaining amiable links with Jewish intellectuals, in particular

1696: 1591:(PSDR), the PND signed up to an underground "National-Democratic Coalition". Inaugurated by the 1236:

On June 6, 1930, with support from a pan-nationalist coalition that included Iorga, the deposed

854:

deputies with amused sympathy, he later criticized the PNL's heavy-handed repression of the new

6603: 6456: 6421: 6416: 6366: 6285: 6042: 5821: 3312:

Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. IV: Catalog alfabetic 1925-1930

1973: 1891: 1842: 1838: 1627: 1583: 1502: 1273: 1269: 1257: 1021: 1016:, transformed the PNDC into a "National Christian Union". Dedicated to forcefully solving the " 827: 796: 773: 749: 685:, Iorga resumed his seat in the Assembly as an independent, declaring Cuza to be "dead to me". 674: 644:

Ideological differences inside the PND were again on display during early 1914, when the PNL's

494: 358: 5266: 3421:

Ion Ilincioiu, "Studiu introductiv", in Vasile Niculae, Ion Ilincioiu, Stelian Neagoe (eds.),

1915: 458:

by introducing "universal suffrage for the Romanians, with the representation of minorities".

6573: 6568: 6543: 6078: 6058: 5866: 5841: 5816: 5811: 5350: 1968:

During its existence as "National Party", the PND switched its priorities, and became openly

1578:

dictatorship, Topa led efforts to reestablish the PND. In 1942, Vlădescu-Răcoasa founded the

1178: 1142: 808: 777: 709: 650: 420: 401: 387: 346:. He participated in the clampdown against the Iron Guard, which led to his killing in 1940. 293: 265: 144: 2609:

Radu Florian Bruja, "Nichifor Robu – trepte către monografia unui politician antisemit", in

1884:

As Veiga notes, Iorga's political ideals always referred to recovering an ancient "model of

1438:, the PND watched from the side as Carol turned to collaboration with the PNL's right-wing. 1287:, became Assembly President. His Vice President was another party official, the orthopedist 645: 630: 555: 6706: 6623: 6538: 6492: 6249: 6219: 6189: 5925: 5178: 4866: 4027: 1946: 1942: 1927: 1619: 1596: 1381: 1302: 1261: 1208:

and contributed reports on its congresses, and Iorga's own son, the engineer Mircea Iorga.

1145:, formerly an Averescu associate, changing the PND's name to "People's Nationalist Party" ( 225: 1490: 589:

alone. Its main adversary was another candidate for the third-force role in politics, the

575: 8: 6655: 3715: 3710: 3150: 2952: 1995: 1934: 1849:

published an electoral manifesto attributed to the PND and dated to 1930–1932—written in

1822: 1795: 1791: 1717: 1348: 1343: 1237: 950: 861: 843: 745: 738: 678: 446:

Structurally, the PND contested the third-party position, behind the PC and the dominant

316: 215: 159: 3145: 1740: 1712: 1041: 562:. At a regional level, the party had in its ranks young radical-right militants such as 409: 5745: 5705: 5378:

Alexandru Nicolaescu, "Alegerile parlamentare din 1926 reflectate în presa vremii", in

2456:

Boia (2010), pp. 353–354; Heinen, pp. 84–85; Stanomir, pp. 114–115; Veiga, pp. 165, 180

1872: 958: 701: 436: 5572:

Nationalist Ideology and Antisemitism. The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s

5405:

Elita universitară din Academia de Înalte Studii Comerciale și Industriale (1913–1940)

5255:

Ileana-Stanca Desa, Dulciu Morărescu, Ioana Patriche, Adriana Raliade, Iliana Sulică,

4973:

Boia (2012), p. 59; Iorga (1934), pp. 19–20, 25; Stanomir, pp. 228, 233; Veiga, p. 134

4410:

Mihai Berți, "Alexandru Vaida-Voevod and the Romanian Front", in Iulian Boldea (ed.),

3833:

Cristina Diac, "Documente. Ștefan Foriș, prototipul revoluționarului de profesie", in

2518: 1914:("lands"), which were to cut across regionalist and ethnic interests. Under his plan, 6598: 5730: 5579: 5558: 5539: 5499: 5485:

Marian Ștefan, "Mai–iunie 1940. Istorie politică în raporte secrete necunoscute", in

5476: 5426: 5412: 5393: 5369: 5288: 5260: 5239: 5216: 5199: 5182: 5154: 5140: 5118: 5076: 5063: 4874: 4505: 4415: 4368: 4241:

Clark (2015), pp. 231, 233; Heinen, pp. 486–487; Veiga, pp. 250–251, 293–294, 309–310

4112: 4010: 3850: 3661: 3426: 3315: 3110:(1987), pp. 88, 183, 200, 285, 409, 498, 743, 851, 853–854, 858, 876, 1060–1061, 1064 2071: 2006: 1954: 1886: 1756: 1659: 1658:

Some of the PND members were targeted by repression following the establishment of a

1655:

by ethnicity, Rădiță helped government seize control of the Romanies' General Union.

1470: 1001: 785: 666: 626: 571: 366: 245: 1773:; Cuza's proposal was "overtly xenophobic and anti-Semitic." According to historian 897:, still its central organ, it published several regional newspapers. These include: 361:, and afterward enjoyed a brief existence as a legal party, before merging into the 6533: 5423:

Capcanele ideologiei. Opțiuni politice ale etnicilor germani în România interbelică

5196:

The Balkans and Caucasus: Parallel Processes on the Opposite Sides of the Black Sea

5170: 4003:

Comuniștii înainte de comunism: procese și condamnări ale ilegaliștilor din România

3998: 3843:

Comuniștii înainte de comunism: procese și condamnări ale ilegaliștilor din România

3838: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1814: 1778: 1679: 1443: 1416: 1404:

of the National Liberals replaced him. Iorga forbade the PND from enlisting in the

1326:, to be policy-maker; nevertheless, the two quarreled over details. Argetoianu and 1284: 1013: 886: 585:

After inconclusive negotiations for an alliance with the PC, the PND contested the

511: 5285:

Legiunea 'Arhanghelul Mihail': o contribuție la problema fascismului internațional

5276:

Radu Filipescu, "Partidele parlamentare și problema comunismului (1919–1924)", in

1910:. By 1934, he was proposing a restoration of ancestral links with the creation of 1351:, which only fueled speculation that Argetoianu had vested interest in protecting 649:

Following his irredentism, Iorga involved himself in the camp which supported the

559: 408:(only Iorga was elected). By 1909, Cuza had also joined Iorga's lecturing team at 6645: 5550: 5487: 4219: 3563:

Românul. Apare Săptămânal sub Îngijirea Organizației Tinerimei Național Țărăniste

2018: 2014: 1895: 1868: 1424: 1339: 1292: 1110: 1029: 1017: 847: 824: 720: 606: 490: 470: 451: 313: 277: 5851: 2002:

as a governing principle, but noted that the state needed to be kept out of it.

1919: 1644: 872:

enterprise" or a "bourgeois-radical left". Observing this transition, communist

6330: 5750: 5575: 2587:

Cor., "Scrisoare din București. Congresul partidului naționalist-democrat", in

1972:. By the time of Carol's return to the throne, it was closely aligned with the 1830: 1825:. Especially during the 1923 riots, he denounced the LANC's policy of imposing 1766: 1765:, Iorga borrowed, reshaped, and radicalized the old critique of state-enforced 1725: 1514: 1462: 1420: 1409: 1154: 654: 610: 563: 478: 439:: four years before the PND's foundation, Iorga had sparked a riot against the 365:. From ca. 1950, Topa and various former PND affiliates were imprisoned by the 154: 6670: 6441: 5385: 5311: 5198:, pp. 84–95. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012. 5056:"Germanofilii". Elita intelectuală românească în anii Primului Război Mondial 3706: 3504: 1987: 1846: 1611:

defined its constituent parties as "on the left". A report circulated by the

1575: 1532: 1494: 966: 922: 757: 729: 354: 257: 46: 5871: 5165:

Analele Științifice ale Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași. Istorie

3258:

Nicolae Dascălu, "Evoluția statistică a presei în România interbelică", in

1991: 1923: 1907: 1863: 1826: 1513:, and other leaders of minor parties (including Filipescu, Argetoianu, and 1458: 1393: 1296: 1256:

as founder of the National Union alliance, which also included Filipescu's

1244:. In April 1931, having been dissatisfied with the PNȚ, he appointed Iorga 1182: 997: 665:

In September 1915, Cuza stepped up his opposition to PND policies, joining

466: 5243: 4296:

Boia (2012), pp. 261, 273, 311, 316; Bulgaru & Rostás, pp. XXXIV–XXXVI

4098:

Heinen, pp. 322, 331, 384, 466; Mezarescu, pp. 220–221; Veiga, pp. 234–235

2622:

Nicolae Scurtu, "Câteva precizări la biografia lui Dumitru C. Moruzi", in

1612: 1527:

clashed in the streets, and took turns attacking Jewish-owned businesses.

1318:

Although the arrival to power coincided with the worsening effects of the

1094: 1086: 719:

overturned the country's fortunes, reopening the possibility of creating "

594: 498: 5992: 5831: 5452:"Semnele electorale ale partidelor politice în perioada interbelică", in 5106: 5097:"Nicolae C. Paulescu – teoretician al antisemitismului 'științific'", in 5049: 4493: 4085:

Sorin Arhire, "Alegerile parlamentare din anul 1937 în județul Alba", in

3640:

P., "Guvernul 'Uniunei Naționale' trage pe sfoară U.F.V. din Ardeal", in

3036:, Nr. 1/1986, pp. 47–51, 58–60; Heinen, p. 95; Țurlea (2009), pp. 136–137 2734:

Boia (2010), pp. 106–107, 112–116, 122, 305; Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 70–71

2611:

Anuarul Institutului de Istorie George Barițiu din Cluj-Napoca. Supliment

1999: 1983: 1803: 1799: 1774: 1631: 1608: 1401: 1335: 1311: 1249: 1073:, put out in Bucharest by Tașcă. In addition to maintaining control over 869: 535: 486: 413: 331: 309: 305: 269: 149: 139: 5299:

Buletinul Centrului, Muzeului și Arhivei Istorice a Evreilor din România

3885: 3332: 1978: 1523: 982: 868:

As noted by historians, the PND was, from as early as November 1918, a "

523: 6290: 4509: 2523: 1938: 1903: 1770: 1451: 1368: 753: 638: 601:, Cuza and Iorga were elected together, although Cuza lost the fief of 474: 432: 339: 261: 50: 2764:

Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 71, 72; Clark (2015), pp. 37, 38; Heinen, p. 86

1126: 942: 692:, the former PND militants reactivated their party cells. Putting out 578:, the bullfighter and double agent (for the Siguranța and the Russian 5322: 5043: 4641:

Bozdoghină (2003), p. 74; Țurlea (2009), pp. 137–138; Volovici, p. 34

4145:

Heinen, pp. 331–335, 466; Mezarescu, pp. 219–227; Veiga, pp. 236, 245

4025:"Voci de presă. In jurul alegerilor dela Mehedinți și Hunedoara", in 3711:"Scurtă biografie a unui spital octogenar și a primului său director" 3512: 3481:

Bulgaru & Rostás, pp. XI–XII, XXIV, 30–31, 38, 86. See also Desa

2411:

Bozdoghină (2003), p. 69; Heinen, pp. 85, 470; Mamina, pp. 2099, 2115

2005:

In its penultimate phase, the party veered into explicit support for

527: 300:, but resuming independence in 1926, when the latter merged into the 5209:

Sfîntă tinerețe legionară. Activismul fascist în România interbelică

5073:

Capcanele istoriei. Elita intelectuală românească între 1930 și 1950

1710:

More generally, Iorga's movement revamped the old tenets of Iorga's

930: 519: 6628: 5090:"Relațiile politice dintre N. Iorga și A. C. Cuza (1900–1920)", in 4498:

Action Française: Royalism and Reaction in Twentieth Century France

3539: 1899: 1671: 1400:, and archivist C. D. Fortunescu. Vaida fell in November 1933, and 1240:

returned to Romania and deposed the Regency, enthroning himself as

681:. Taking refuge in Iași, where he continued to put out editions of 462: 454:

anxieties. Its democratic demands included proposals to reform the

428: 5536:

Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX

5297:

Dumitru Hîncu, "Tudor Arghezi și 'stereotipurile antisemite'", in

5175:

Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc

4825:

Bozdoghină (2003), p. 68; Heinen, pp. 73, 84; Volovici, pp. 22, 23

4109:

Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX

3658:

Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX

1380:

a "spontaneous" bloc of debt relief supporters, with the PUA, the

1102: 938: 893:), which it used alternatively until 1923 or 1924. In addition to 6007: 5629: 5624: 5357:. Bucharest: Editura Institutului de Arte Grafice Eminescu, 1927. 5212: 4619:

ISAS, "En Roumanie. A la veile des élections parlementaires", in

1850: 1761: 990: 914: 579: 515: 253: 35: 3023:

Nohlen & Stöver, pp. 1609–1611. See also Heinen, pp. 95, 462

1674:". He was dispatched to the "labor colony" of Peninsula, on the 1063:

put out at most 15,000 copies per issue, a fourth of the LANC's

602: 5555:

Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919–1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului

5513: 3240:

Butaru, p. 161; Țurlea (2009), p. 139; Volovici, pp. 47–48, 155

1738:. In a larger European context, the PND press also revered the 1359: 1118: 795:(PNR) cabinet, presided upon by the Transylvanian conservative 1040:, it was soon joined by another PND defector, the sociologist 419:

In its original form, the PND was united around the ideals of

5009:

Boia (2012), pp. 128–129, 134. See also Volovici, pp. 151–155

4565:

Heinen, pp. 84–86; Veiga, p. 55. See also Clark (2012), p. 86

2030: 1150: 700:(later "People's Party", or PP), which was headed by General 191: 4889:"Où va la Roumanie?", pp. 14–20. See also Veiga, pp. 200–201 3214:

Radu Florian Bruja, "Traian Brăileanu în documente (I)", in

2379:"Partidul Naţionalist-Democrat în viaţa politică a României" 772:(PȚB), on whose lists Iorga ran and won an Assembly seat at 349:

The PND was revived clandestinely during World War II, with

5473:

Spiritul conservator. De la Barbu Catargiu la Nicolae Iorga

5444:

Analele Universității din București. Seria Științe Politice

4414:, Vol. I, p. 145. Târgu-Mureș: Arhipelag XXI Press, 2013. 3511:, pp. 26–28. Bucharest: Democratic Nationalist Party & 3014:(1987), pp. 652, 995; Filipescu, pp. 73, 78; Heinen, p. 108 1044:, who had helped organize the party's chapter in Bukovina. 791:

The PND and the PȚB became parliamentary supporters of the

728:

expropriation, but also attracted into its ranks defeated "

284:, and supporting a "Democratic Bloc" coalition against the 5321:, pp. 5–26. Bucharest: Democratic Nationalist Party & 5317:"Nevoile zilei de astăzi, imperativul celei de mâine", in 4367:, pp. 68–69. Arad: Editura Fundației Ioan Slavici, 2000. 4305:

Boia (2012), p. 300; Cioroianu, pp. 120, 130, 284, 287–288

4199:

Boia (2012), pp. 127–129. See also Costăchescu, pp. 81, 87

3288:(1987), pp. 69, 88, 183, 200, 201, 202, 243, 257, 276, 498 1906:, and with the unprecedented annexation of borderlands in 1465:. He watched with revulsion as the Iron Guard organized a 4670:

Paix et Droit: Organe de l'Alliance Israélite Universelle

4621:

Paix et Droit: Organe de l'Alliance Israélite Universelle

4269:

Boia (2012), pp. 236–237; Bulgaru & Rostás, p. XXXIII

2465:

Heinen, pp. 75–81, 85–86; Stanomir, pp. 8–9; Veiga, p. 69

1248:, at the helm of a government that advertised itself as " 5538:, Vol. IV, pp. 131–143. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2009. 4865:

Theodor Codreanu, "Constantin Stere și Marea Unire", in

1161:

weekly, and in Bessarabia, where it put out the monthly

4668:

ISAS, "En Roumanie. 1931. — Contagion hitlérienne", in

4583:

Heinen, pp. 68, 75–78, 85. See also Volovici, pp. 30–33

3205:(1987), pp. 34, 652. See also Mezarescu, pp. 47–48, 112 3168:"Alegerile parlamentare din anul 1922 în județul Sălaj" 3054:

Filipescu, pp. 69, 75–77. See also Cioroianu, pp. 28–29

1574:

For the remainder of World War II and the Nazi-aligned

6432:

National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement

6311:

National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement

1295:

chapter, while Mircea Iorga had a similar position in

1188:

The PNR and PȚ finally merged with each other, as the

688:

During the uncertain interval that followed Romania's

369:, while others were recovered and enjoyed high favor. 5440:"Grigore N. Filipescu (1886–1938): Repere biografice" 3183:

Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1599. See also Heinen, p. 463

3045:

Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 73, 74; Drăghicescu, pp. 65–66

1755:, the PND was not just averse to the upper class and 1480: 1069:. In 1923, it was supplemented as a central organ by 831:

a "crime of state". The People's Party organized the

443:, picked out for staging French plays, untranslated. 260:(who was also its longest-serving leader) and jurist 5523:"Cartea românească și străină de istorie. N. Iorga, 4934:

Iorga (1934), p. 22. See also Mezarescu, pp. 116–117

3314:, pp. 79, 107. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 2003. 1945:. During the 1910s, reflecting Cuza's background in 1933:

As Heinen notes, the overall nationalist message of

1028:(LANC) a year later, at a ceremony in which it flew 732:" such as Costică Negruzzi. The reconciliation with 633:, Cuza's PND cell clashed with left-wing activists ( 501:

secret police, which kept records of his movements.

334:, and the government was voted out of office in the 5380:

Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu

3883:T. L., "Acțiunea pentru apărarea conversiunii", in 3676:

Heinen, p. 464; Nohlen & Stöver, pp. 1601, 1610

1566:", Iorga was sought after and murdered as revenge. 1310:, reminding plowmen of the party's role in passing 660: 5099:Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica 3865:Heinen, p. 465; Nohlen & Stöver, pp. 1609–1611 3146:"Botoșanii și N. Iorga. N. Iorga și Botoșanii (I)" 2895:Heinen, p. 462; Nohlen & Stöver, pp. 1609–1611 1953:, but limited these to Romanian workers. In 1911, 5461:Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Historica 5278:Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica 4087:Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica 3660:, Vol. V, pp. 93, 94. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2010. 3423:Doctrina țărănistă în România. Antologie de texte 2791:Boia (2010), pp. 269, 284. See also Heinen, p. 95 1408:, describing it as a farce, and accusing Duca of 404:seats as the "nationalist-democratic candidates" 6668: 1136: 5701:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania 1607:, and the PSDR itself. Speaking for the group, 1396:, the poet and president of the PND chapter in 326:The PND and its allies attempted to tackle the 288:; its far-right faction seceded and became the 5273:. Bucharest: Tipografia Reforma Socială, 1922. 5111:Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania 4650:Butaru, p. 97; Țurlea (2009), pp. 132–136, 137 4278:Costăchescu, p. 85. See also Ștefan, pp. 15–16 2948:"Corespondența personală a lui N. Iorga" (III) 2751: 2749: 1569: 1215:, but had just 24,600 votes (0.9%, behind the 823:Iorga witnessed the mounting tensions between 570:. Also joining the PND were two Bessarabians: 483:Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians 174:Federation of National Social Democracy (1920) 5661:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 5605: 4111:, Vol. V, p. 125. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2010. 3652: 3650: 3526: 3524: 2939: 2937: 2873: 2871: 673:. The party was thus non-existent during the 6559:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania 6114:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001) 6109:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948) 5676:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 5666:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2013:, seeing them as a subterfuge for left-wing 1450:of the PNȚ campaigned with support from the 1141:By 1924, Iorga had begun collaborating with 1032:defaced with swastikas. Assuming control of 723:", and thus raising Iorga's popularity. The 276:The PND reemerged as a significant force in 6427:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party 6352:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania 5716:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party 5463:, Vol. 10, Issue I, 2006, pp. 101–131. 5032:, Vol. 2, No. 4, April 1932, pp. 1–38. 3685:Boia (2012), p. 106; Cioroianu, pp. 129–130 2799: 2797: 2746: 2535: 2533: 1784: 1618:In August 1944, a coalition formed by King 1264:(PUA). It was allied with the paramilitary 677:, and its activists took flight during the 5612: 5598: 5475:. Bucharest: Editura Curtea Veche, 2008. 5446:, Vol. 14 (2012), Issue 2, pp. 17–46. 5133:Gheorghe Vlădescu Răcoasa. Biobibliografie 4190:Mezarescu, pp. 309–310; Veiga, pp. 247–248 3647: 3574:Heinen, pp. 142–143; Țurlea (1986), p. 108 3521: 3354:Popescu, pp. 26–27; Veiga, pp. 99–100, 130 2934: 2868: 2634: 2632: 1252:" and anti-systemic. The PN contested the 776:. The PND emerged as the fifth largest in 510:politics. The PND was always strongest in 292:. Around 1925, the PND itself returned to 203: 34: 5280:, Vol. 10, Issue I, 2006, pp. 67–83. 5023:Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Roumaine 4771:Boia (2012), pp. 80–83, 107–108, 110, 117 4632:Bucur, p. 89; Țurlea (2009), pp. 132, 138 4331: 4329: 4223:, Vol. XX, Issue 3, May–June 2012, p. 137 3824:Butaru, pp. 169–170; Heinen, pp. 172, 201 3760: 3758: 3688: 3561:"Reprezentanții noștri îm Parlament", in 2659: 2657: 2574: 2495: 1505:, which had an understanding with Vaida. 1291:. The latter was also leader of the PN's 741:, the economist and former Conservative. 394:(PC). Putting out the nationalist review 312:, and was brought to power in 1931, when 304:. It reemerged with an agenda supporting 6742:Political parties disestablished in 1946 6483:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party 5696:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars 4672:, Vol. 11, Issue 10, December 1931, p. 5 3815:Clark (2015), p. 112; Veiga, pp. 136–138 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3093: 3091: 2794: 2663:"Atentatul dela Dobrițin. 4 Martie", in 2530: 2049: 1898:as an autonomous entity to include both 1301: 641:) over control of the "Student Center". 4873:, p. 30. Chișinău: Editura ARC, 2020. 4154:Heinen, pp. 335–339; Veiga, pp. 245–247 3776:, pp. 7, 8–10. See also Panu, pp. 60–61 2840: 2838: 2836: 2629: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2376: 2023:Action Committee for Roman Universality 1595:(PNL-T), it also comprised the UP, the 1059:. During the following decade, Iorga's 6677:Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania) 6669: 6564:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy 5691:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs 5681:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania 4907:"Où va la Roumanie?", pp. 14–16, 19–20 4326: 3755: 2654: 2562:Clark (2012), pp. 86–87; Heinen, p. 86 1682:in 1948, but allowed back in in 1955. 485:, Iorga maintained alive the cause of 6747:Political parties established in 1910 6377:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania 6235:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu 5884: 5593: 5456:, Vol. XXXIX, 2002, pp. 573–586. 5409:Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies 3488: 3088: 2676:Coresp. "Scrisori din București", in 1434:Following Duca's assassination by an 6717:Defunct political parties in Romania 5425:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, 2015. 5390:Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook 5362:Partidul Național-Creștin: 1935–1937 4964:, p. 3. See also Clark (2012), p. 89 2833: 2542: 2044: 330:with controversial measures such as 180:National-Democratic Coalition (1944) 6584:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance 6129:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina 6119:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party 6069:Democratic National Salvation Front 6013:National Democratic Christian Party 5807:Alliance for the Union of Romanians 5736:Renewing Romania's European Project 5498:. Chișinău: Editura Pontos, 2010. 5382:, Vol. XXV, 2018, pp. 139–170. 5000:Stanomir, pp. 178, 184–185, 232–233 4952:Stanomir, pp. 177–182, 184, 233–234 3231:, Vol. XXI, Issue 5–6, 2010, p. 525 1149:, PNP). It organized itself in the 996:The interim PCD government, led by 13: 6712:Defunct agrarian political parties 5942:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats 5347:, Nr. 11/1979, pp. 2097–2122. 5308:, Nr. 12 (2006), pp. 159–177. 4623:, Vol. 11, Issue 5, May 1931, p. 6 3731:, pp. 6–7. See also Heinen, p. 145 2812:Heinen, p. 95; Marghiloman, p. 182 2037:, and for long refused to don the 1879: 1666:became an active supporter of the 1481:1937 election and 1938 dissolution 671:declared war on the Central Powers 14: 6763: 6752:Formerly banned far-right parties 6687:1946 disestablishments in Romania 6614:Social Democratic Pole of Romania 6301:National-Christian Defense League 5271:Partide politice și clase sociale 5101:, Vol. 5, 2008, pp. 171–180. 1690: 1221:Ukrainian Social Democratic Party 1153:region, winning the adherence of 1147:Partidul Naționalist al Poporului 1129:, and several publications named 1026:National-Christian Defense League 764:. The restored PND contested the 708:, won by the Conservatives under 530:, the cadres included aristocrat 290:National-Christian Defense League 6478:Ecologist Union of Romania Party 6215:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere 6149:Social Protection People's Party 6139:Social Democratic Workers' Party 5972:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu 5656:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania 5628: 5003: 4994: 4985: 4976: 4967: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4928: 4919: 4910: 4901: 4892: 4883: 4859: 4850: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4783: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4735:Mezarescu, pp. 240, 251–252, 261 4729: 4720: 4711: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4675: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4559: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4529:Constantinescu-Iași, pp. 148–149 4523: 4514: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4377: 4354: 4338: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4244: 4235: 4226: 4211: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4101: 4092: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4019: 3991: 3982: 3973: 3964: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3779: 3767: 3743: 3734: 3722: 3679: 3670: 3634: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3555: 3546: 2035:authoritarian multi-party system 1802:grounds, somewhat influenced by 1593:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu 1589:Romanian Social Democratic Party 1231: 661:1916 suspension and 1918 revival 518:, with some additional fiefs in 504: 363:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu 252:, PND) was a political party in 108:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu 6702:Conservative parties in Romania 6210:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu 6159:Socialist Party of Transylvania 6099:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu 5967:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu 5962:National Liberal Party–Brătianu 5557:. Bucharest: Humanitas, 1993. 5531:, Nr. 1/1986, pp. 102–108. 5517:, Nr. 7–8/2006, pp. 14–16. 5407:, pp. 115–138. Bucharest: 5287:. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2006. 5075:. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2012. 4869:, Alexandru Corduneanu (eds.), 4601:Bozdoghină (2008), pp. 175, 176 4089:, Issues 4–5, 2000–2001, p. 181 4007:Editura Universității București 3847:Editura Universității București 3475: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3435: 3415: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3348: 3339: 3324: 3304: 3291: 3278: 3265: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3221: 3208: 3195: 3186: 3177: 3157: 3135: 3126: 3113: 3100: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3026: 3017: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2859: 2847: 2824: 2815: 2806: 2785: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2737: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2670: 2645: 2616: 2603: 2594: 2565: 2556: 2486: 2477: 2468: 1630:. This took Romania out of the 1511:Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul 675:subsequent offensive and defeat 357:dictatorship. It supported the 6737:Regionalist parties in Romania 6732:Nationalist parties in Romania 6682:1910 establishments in Romania 6609:Romanian Democratic Convention 6554:Democratic Group of the Centre 6412:Jewish National People's Party 6033:Progressive Conservative Party 5491:, August 1994, pp. 13–18. 5115:University of Pittsburgh Press 5094:, Nr. 10/2003, pp. 68–74. 4925:Iorga (1934), pp. 12–13, 15–25 3297:Popescu, p. 26. See also Desa 2459: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2402:Heinen, p. 84; Volovici, p. 32 2396: 2370: 1961:as a civilized alternative to 1819:Alliance Israélite Universelle 880: 877:for capitalist exploitation." 273:the remainder of World War I. 16:Political party in Romania 1: 6727:National conservative parties 6722:Monarchist parties in Romania 6498:Party of Young Free Democrats 6488:National Reconstruction Party 6382:Group of Transylvanian Saxons 6265:Transylvanian Peasants' Party 6064:Communist Party (Nepeceriști) 6003:Conservative-Democratic Party 5921:Romanian National Unity Party 5761:Social Liberal Humanist Party 5392:. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2010. 5252:, Nr. 2/2006, pp. 80–89. 5015: 4392:Boia (2012), pp. 300, 337–338 3952:Boia (2012), pp. 99, 102, 106 3907:Iorga (1934), pp. 5–11, 20–21 3719:, Nr. 39 (1339), October 2012 2755:Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 71, 72 1137:PNR absorption and PN revival 891:Partidul Naționalist-Țărănesc 591:Conservative-Democratic Party 250:Partidul Naționalist-Democrat 27:Partidul Naționalist-Democrat 6508:Republican Party (1990–1993) 6503:Republican Party (1993–2004) 6362:Democratic Union of the Roma 5947:Free and Independent Faction 5901:Democratic Nationalist Party 5671:Cultural Union of Ruthenians 5153:. Cluj-Napoca: EFES, 2010. 5025:, No. 102, December 3, 1931. 4744:Volovici, pp. 54–56, 152–153 3806:Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1602 3229:Revista Română de Sociologie 2922:Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 72–73 2743:Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 70–71 2680:, February 27, 1911, pp. 3–4 2420:Bozdoghină (2003), pp. 68–69 1918:would have been united with 1695:Contemporary analysts, from 1071:Răvașul Naționalist-Democrat 495:land reform through purchase 242:Nationalist Democratic Party 238:Democratic Nationalist Party 125:Răvașul Naționalist-Democrat 24:Democratic Nationalist Party 7: 6692:Agrarian parties in Romania 6529:Alliance for Romanian Unity 6407:Jewish Democratic Committee 6357:Cultural Union of Albanians 6195:Bessarabian Peasants' Party 5885: 5355:Note politice, 4. 1918–1919 4351:, Nr. 5–6/2010, pp. 456–458 4172:Mezarescu, pp. 261–262, 306 3988:Iorga (1934), pp. 15–19, 26 3552:Țurlea (1986), pp. 104, 108 3072:Constantinescu-Iași, p. 149 2357:(within the National Union) 2337:Part of the National Union 2311:Part of the National Union 1949:, the PND issued calls for 1685: 1570:1940s revival and aftermath 1556:sham elections of June 1939 1342:. This perceived attack on 1320:Great Depression in Romania 770:Bessarabian Peasants' Party 328:Great Depression in Romania 296:, briefly merging with the 256:, established by historian 80:; 78 years ago 10: 6768: 6579:Justice and Truth Alliance 6549:Christian Liberal Alliance 6205:Democratic Peasants' Party 6089:Party of Social Solidarity 6074:Democratic Party of Labour 6028:People's Party (2005–2006) 6018:National Renaissance Front 5651:Association of Macedonians 5336:Editura Fundațiilor Regale 5232:Pagini de luptă din trecut 5137:Central University Library 4717:Țurlea (2009), pp. 141–142 4690:Țurlea (2009), pp. 139–140 4475:Stanomir, pp. 112–115, 119 4049:Țurlea (2009), pp. 140–141 4005:, pp. 210–211. Bucharest: 3752:, pp. 9–12; Heinen, p. 175 3472:, Nr. 11/2012, pp. 131–132 3249:Țurlea (2009), pp. 137–139 2974:Țurlea (2009), pp. 136–137 2716:Constantinescu-Iași, p. 12 2638:"Cronici bucureștene", in 2377:Popescu, N. (2011-06-22). 2039:National Renaissance Front 1660:Romanian people's republic 1545:authoritarian constitution 1541:National Renaissance Front 1469:for its volunteers in the 1374: 1225:elections of December 1928 780:, winning 27 seats in the 377: 372: 344:National Renaissance Front 6651:List of political parties 6641: 6594:People's Democratic Front 6521: 6513:Transylvania–Banat League 6465: 6339: 6306:National Fascist Movement 6273: 6260:Socialist Peasants' Party 6200:Democratic Agrarian Party 6177: 6144:Socialist Party of Labour 6051: 6023:People's Party (1918–1938 5985: 5934: 5916:National Union from Banat 5893: 5880: 5857:Romanian Nationhood Party 5847:National Rebirth Alliance 5802:Alliance for the Homeland 5794: 5741:Romanian Nationhood Party 5638: 5228:Petre Constantinescu-Iași 5087:Horia-Florin Bozdoghină, 5028:"Où va la Roumanie?", in 4898:Iorga (1936), pp. 333–334 4574:Veiga, pp. 53–55, 69, 107 4502:Stanford University Press 4500:, pp. 483–484. Stanford: 4232:Boia (2012), pp. 106, 135 3835:Arhivele Totalitarismului 3642:Chemarea Tinerimei Române 3001:Radu (2002), pp. 575, 579 2886:Suveică, pp. 72–73, 86–87 2519:"Enigma Ilie Cătărău (I)" 2336: 2310: 2280: 1809:In the 1920s, as scholar 1753:Petre Constantinescu-Iași 1637:National Democratic Front 1601:Socialist Peasants' Party 1499:new elections in December 1487:national unity government 1246:Prime Minister of Romania 1202:Gheorghe Vlădescu-Răcoasa 874:Petre Constantinescu-Iași 386:April 23] 1910 ( 367:Romanian communist regime 211: 202: 197: 184: 172:Parliamentary Bloc (1919) 168: 130: 114: 102: 92: 74: 62: 42: 33: 21: 6452:Ukrainian Workers' Party 6447:Ukrainian National Party 6392:Hungarian People's Union 6387:Hungarian People's Party 6347:Autonomous Swabian Party 6321:National Socialist Party 6316:National Romanian Fascio 6296:National Christian Party 6230:National Peasants' Party 6124:Romanian Socialist Party 6104:Romanian Communist Party 6084:National Salvation Front 5862:Romanian Socialist Party 5686:Democratic Turkish Union 4991:Boia (2012), pp. 127–128 3390:Nicolaescu, pp. 158, 168 3063:Bozdoghină (2003), p. 74 2931:Marghiloman, pp. 422–423 2803:Bozdoghină (2003), p. 72 2782:Bozdoghină (2003), p. 71 2725:Bozdoghină (2003), p. 70 2613:, Vol. LII, 2013, p. 236 2539:Bozdoghină (2003), p. 69 2364: 2011:Enlightenment philosophy 1785:Fluctuating antisemitism 1746:French reactionary right 1668:anticommunist resistance 1624:Romanian Communist Party 1622:, the PNȚ, PNL, and the 1564:National Legionary State 1543:(FRN) and proclaimed an 1475:National Christian Party 1429:National Socialist Party 1328:Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești 1278:Ukrainian National Party 1190:National Peasants' Party 1057:National Romanian Fascio 856:Romanian Communist Party 412:, where he outlined his 302:National Peasants' Party 6697:Antisemitism in Romania 6619:Social Democratic Union 6255:Radical Peasants' Party 6225:National Agrarian Party 6164:Socialist Workers Party 6134:Social Democratic Party 6038:Romanian National Party 5827:People's Movement Party 5786:Union of the Ukrainians 5756:Social Democratic Party 5646:Association of Italians 5334:, Vol. III. Bucharest: 5301:, 2008, pp. 64–71. 5040:Bucureștii de altă dată 4807:Iorga (1934), pp. 20–21 4181:Mezarescu, pp. 274, 306 3874:Veiga, pp. 130–131, 138 3535:"Poeții familiei Iorga" 3372:Nicolaescu, pp. 146–148 3218:, Nr. 12 (2006), p. 224 2707:Clark (2012), pp. 86–87 2689:Volovici, pp. 22–23, 32 2626:, Nr. 5/2011, pp. 73–75 1705:Romanian National Party 1362:. The PN contested the 1332:Minister of Agriculture 1260:(LVȚ) and Argetoianu's 1198:Dumitru Munteanu-Râmnic 1049:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 818: 793:Romanian National Party 679:evacuation of Bucharest 481:). Through PND and the 477:(incorporated into the 298:Romanian National Party 70:April 23] 1910 6604:Right Romania Alliance 6589:National Union PSD+PUR 6457:Union of Romanian Jews 6437:People's Council Party 6286:Crusade of Romanianism 6169:United Socialist Party 5957:National Liberal Party 5952:Liberal Union–Brătianu 5906:Democratic Union Party 5822:Nation People Together 5726:National Liberal Party 5042:, Vol. IV. Bucharest: 4962:Bulletin Périodique... 4847:, Issue 168/1911, p. 6 4708:Boia (2012), pp. 71–72 4484:Veiga, pp. 69, 164–165 4401:Drăghicescu, pp. 65–67 4076:Mezarescu, pp. 199–201 3925:Boia (2012), pp. 58–59 3889:, August 9, 1932, p. 6 3786:Bulletin Périodique... 3774:Bulletin Périodique... 3750:Bulletin Périodique... 3729:Bulletin Périodique... 3629:Bulletin Périodique... 3336:, March 18, 1925, p. 4 3144:Gheorghe I. Florescu, 2946:Gheorghe I. Florescu, 2591:, Nr. 93/1912, pp. 3–4 2474:Mamina, pp. 2115, 2117 1843:Union of Romanian Jews 1676:Danube–Black Sea Canal 1628:coup against Antonescu 1436:Iron Guard death squad 1315: 1274:Union of Romanian Jews 1022:religious antisemitism 807:, and remnants of the 805:Democratic Union Party 797:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 546:. They were joined by 448:National Liberal Party 249: 176:Democratic Bloc (1920) 6574:Hungarian German Bloc 6569:Green Ecologist Party 6544:Centre Right Alliance 6372:German People's Party 6094:Peasant Workers' Bloc 6059:Banat Socialist Party 5867:The Right Alternative 5842:Greater Romania Party 5812:Greater Romania Party 5351:Alexandru Marghiloman 4916:Stanomir, pp. 176–177 4753:Volovici, pp. 153–154 4726:Țurlea (2009), p. 143 4538:Stanomir, pp. 114–121 4439:Țurlea (2009), p. 132 4031:, Issue 16/1936, p. 1 3441:Țurlea (1986), p. 103 3262:, Nr. 7/1981, p. 1268 2865:Hrenciuc, pp. 160–161 2492:Mamina, pp. 2117–2118 2281:In alliance with the 2050:Legislative elections 1353:Marmorosch Blank Bank 1305: 1254:1931 general election 1217:Peasant Workers' Bloc 1204:, who helped put out 1143:Constantin Argetoianu 1091:Credința Naționalistă 717:armistice in the West 710:Alexandru Marghiloman 421:economic antisemitism 294:national conservatism 266:economic antisemitism 178:National Union (1931) 145:Economic antisemitism 6624:Social Liberal Union 6539:Centre Left Alliance 6493:Party of Free Change 6245:Peasants' Party–Lupu 6220:League Against Usury 6190:Agrarian Union Party 6008:Constitutional Party 5926:United Romania Party 5323:Tipografia Ziarului 5179:Editura Curtea Veche 5139:, Bucharest, 2012. 5036:Constantin Bacalbașa 4699:Hîncu, pp. 65–66, 70 4592:Volovici, pp. 32, 33 4448:Clark (2015), p. 150 4028:Gazeta Transilvaniei 3845:, p. 80. Bucharest: 3513:Tipografia Ziarului 3450:Iorga (1936), p. 256 3412:, June 9, 1926, p. 2 3399:Veiga, pp. 86–87, 96 3010:Butaru, p. 98; Desa 2600:Clark (2015), p. 104 1947:right-wing socialism 1943:estates of the realm 1697:Dimitrie Drăghicescu 1626:(PCR) organized the 1406:election of December 1382:League Against Usury 1262:Agrarian Union Party 1170:new general election 1099:Cuvântul Naționalist 1006:March 1922 elections 782:Assembly of Deputies 574:, the novelist, and 169:National affiliation 6656:Politics of Romania 6473:Ecological Movement 5721:League of Albanians 5332:Oameni cari au fost 5267:Dumitru Drăghicescu 4798:Chelcu, pp. 575–577 4681:Volovici, pp. 34–35 4383:Olaru, pp. 137, 138 4365:Călătorie prin veac 4323:Radu (2006), p. 121 4314:Radu (2006), p. 120 4260:Radu (2006), p. 113 4208:Butaru, pp. 293–294 4058:Boia (2012), p. 128 3979:Heinen, pp. 242–243 3644:, Nr. 21/1931, p. 4 3619:Heinen, pp. 143–144 3592:Radu (2002), p. 579 3565:, Nr. 30/1927, p. 4 3459:Radu (2002), p. 578 3151:Convorbiri Literare 2953:Convorbiri Literare 2877:Radu (2002), p. 575 2821:Marghiloman, p. 182 2773:Boia (2010), p. 276 2667:, Nr. 41/1914, p. 4 2642:, Nr. 6/1911, p. 70 2447:Radu (2002), p. 583 1996:legislative council 1935:class collaboration 1823:Jewish emancipation 1796:Jewish assimilation 1792:racial antisemitism 1718:right-wing populism 1701:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu 1517:), met secretly at 1364:July 1932 elections 1344:economic liberalism 1324:Minister of Finance 1266:Union of Volunteers 862:Dealul Spirii Trial 844:Supreme War Council 746:Jewish emancipation 599:recall vote of 1912 558:, alongside writer 532:Vasile Kogălniceanu 423:, postulating that 359:coup of August 1944 319:appointed Iorga as 216:Politics of Romania 160:Right-wing populism 5998:Conservative Party 5795:Extraparliamentary 5771:Union of Croatians 5766:Union of Armenians 5746:Save Romania Union 5706:Force of the Right 5529:Revista de Istorie 5494:Svetlana Suveică, 5345:Revista de Istorie 5149:Lucian T. Butaru, 4789:Veiga, pp. 165–166 3740:Veiga, pp. 140–141 3709:, Benone Duțescu, 3408:"Noua cameră", in 3381:Nicolaescu, p. 147 3363:Suveică, pp. 96–98 3345:Popescu, pp. 25–26 3260:Revista de Istorie 3097:Drăghicescu, p. 67 3034:Revista de Istorie 2904:Suveică, pp. 65–66 2830:Olaru, pp. 136–137 1998:. He also favored 1873:literary modernism 1664:Gheorghe Cotenescu 1537:Orthodox Patriarch 1440:Gheorghe Tătărescu 1349:lack of confidence 1316: 1306:PN poster for the 1213:June 1927 election 1034:Apărarea Națională 899:Apărarea Națională 766:November elections 706:June 1918 election 702:Alexandru Averescu 690:peace with Germany 646:Ion I. C. Brătianu 631:University of Iași 556:Corneliu Șumuleanu 552:Ion Zelea Codreanu 544:Gheorghe Cotenescu 437:ethnic nationalism 392:Conservative Party 388:Saint George's Day 97:Conservative Party 6664: 6663: 6637: 6636: 6599:Red Quadrilateral 6402:Italian Community 6250:Ploughmen's Front 6043:Vlad Țepeș League 5731:Party of the Roma 5621:Political parties 5544:978-606-8030-53-1 5504:978-9975-51-070-7 5481:978-973-669-521-6 5431:978-606-543-631-2 5417:978-606-505-552-0 5398:978-3-8329-5609-7 5388:, Philip Stöver, 5374:978-606-748-256-0 5306:Codrul Cosminului 5261:Editura Academiei 5221:978-973-46-5357-7 5204:978-1-4438-3652-4 5159:978-606-526-051-1 5145:978-973-88947-4-7 5081:978-973-50-3533-4 5068:978-973-50-2635-6 4879:978-9975-0-0338-4 4816:Heinen, pp. 85–86 4457:Stanomir, pp. 8–9 4420:978-606-93590-3-7 4363:, Emil Șimăndan, 4136:Mezarescu, p. 205 4127:Mezarescu, p. 214 4117:978-606-8030-84-5 4067:Butaru, pp. 95–96 4015:978-606-16-0520-0 3855:978-606-16-0520-0 3666:978-973-739-261-9 3533:Traian D. Lazăr, 3216:Codrul Cosminului 2698:Bacalbașa, p. 112 2678:Tribuna Poporului 2429:Butaru, pp. 93–94 2362: 2361: 2358: 2045:Electoral history 2007:corporate statism 1974:Vlad Țepeș League 1955:Dumitru C. Moruzi 1887:Volksgemeinschaft 1757:industrialization 1597:Ploughmen's Front 1580:Union of Patriots 1535:, the apolitical 1491:Gheorghe Brătianu 1471:Spanish Civil War 1390:Georgist Liberals 1308:elections of 1932 1258:Vlad Țepeș League 1194:Partidul Național 1020:", and espousing 1002:Grigore Filipescu 947:Cuvântul Românesc 813:Interior Ministry 667:Nicolae Filipescu 627:Second Balkan War 621:, and included a 587:elections of 1911 572:Dumitru C. Moruzi 456:1866 Constitution 286:National Liberals 234: 233: 221:Political parties 6759: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5633: 5632: 5614: 5607: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5438:Andrei Popescu, 5437: 5236:Editura Politică 5171:Adrian Cioroianu 5010: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4848: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4772: 4769: 4763: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4673: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4651: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4422: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4358: 4352: 4349:Revista Istorică 4342: 4336: 4333: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4164: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4090: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4023: 4017: 3999:Adrian Cioroianu 3995: 3989: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3890: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3839:Adrian Cioroianu 3831: 3825: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3705: 3701: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3668: 3654: 3645: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3584: 3583:Hrenciuc, p. 172 3581: 3575: 3572: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3503:"Asistența", in 3501: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3419: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3328: 3322: 3308: 3302: 3295: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3269: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3225: 3219: 3212: 3206: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3111: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3086: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2945: 2941: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2913:Veiga, pp. 35–36 2911: 2905: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2661: 2652: 2651:Bacalbașa, p. 15 2649: 2643: 2636: 2627: 2620: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2585: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2540: 2537: 2528: 2516: 2512: 2493: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2374: 2356: 2350: 2343: 2324: 2317: 2297: 2290: 2267: 2260: 2239: 2232: 2211: 2204: 2183: 2176: 2155: 2148: 2127: 2120: 2100: 2093: 2054: 2053: 1963:Russian nihilism 1959:social democracy 1951:social insurance 1896:Greater Moldavia 1815:Nicolae Paulescu 1779:liberal eugenics 1741:Action Française 1680:Romanian Academy 1454:communist cell. 1444:Hunedoara County 1285:Dimitrie Pompeiu 1174:Eracle Nicoleanu 1159:Banatul Românesc 1042:Traian Brăileanu 1024:, it became the 1014:Nicolae Paulescu 887:Constantin Stere 833:elections in May 635:Social Democrats 623:memorial service 605:; Iorga lost at 512:Western Moldavia 441:National Theater 410:Vălenii de Munte 207: 190: 110: 103:Merged into 88: 86: 81: 66:May 6 [ 38: 19: 18: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6756: 6667: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6646:Portal:Politics 6633: 6534:Alliance PSD+PC 6517: 6461: 6397:Hungarian Union 6340:Ethnic minority 6335: 6326:Romanian Action 6269: 6240:Peasants' Party 6185:Agrarian League 6173: 6154:Socialist Party 6047: 5981: 5930: 5889: 5886: 5876: 5837:Ecologist Party 5790: 5634: 5627: 5618: 5588: 5574:. Oxford etc.: 5551:Francisco Veiga 5488:Magazin Istoric 5435: 5421:Mihai A. Panu, 5366:Editura Paideia 5360:Ion Mezarescu, 5215:, Iași, 2015. 5127:Elena Bulgaru, 5018: 5013: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4867:Sergiu Musteață 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4842: 4838: 4834:Mamina, p. 2099 4833: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4361:Gabriel Țepelea 4359: 4355: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4220:Sfera Politicii 4216: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4024: 4020: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3703: 3702: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3655: 3648: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3530: 3529: 3522: 3502: 3489: 3480: 3476: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3420: 3416: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3329: 3325: 3309: 3305: 3296: 3292: 3283: 3279: 3270: 3266: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3174:, June 10, 2009 3163: 3162: 3158: 3141: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2630: 2621: 2617: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2595: 2586: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2517:Radu Petrescu, 2514: 2513: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2386: 2383:Foaie Națională 2375: 2371: 2367: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2052: 2047: 2019:Italian fascism 2015:totalitarianism 1970:anti-democratic 1882: 1880:Corporate state 1869:Romanianization 1867:a call for the 1787: 1693: 1688: 1572: 1483: 1467:heroes' funeral 1425:Francisco Veiga 1386:Agrarian League 1377: 1340:floating charge 1234: 1206:Neamul Românesc 1139: 1061:Neamul Românesc 1018:Jewish Question 895:Neamul Românesc 883: 848:Nicolae L. Lupu 821: 801:Peasants' Party 721:Greater Romania 698:People's League 683:Neamul Românesc 663: 507: 491:Greater Romania 471:Austria-Hungary 452:anti-capitalist 397:Neamul Românesc 380: 375: 282:Peasants' Party 278:Greater Romania 230: 188: 179: 177: 175: 173: 164: 123: 120:Neamul Românesc 106: 93:Split from 84: 82: 79: 54: 29: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6765: 6755: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6331:Romanian Front 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5911:National Party 5908: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5781:Union of Serbs 5778: 5776:Union of Poles 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5751:S.O.S. Romania 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5711:Hellenic Union 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5635: 5617: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5594: 5587: 5586: 5576:Pergamon Press 5565: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5532: 5520:Petre Țurlea, 5518: 5506: 5492: 5483: 5466: 5465: 5464: 5457: 5454:Anuarul Apulum 5447: 5433: 5419: 5400: 5383: 5376: 5358: 5348: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5329: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5283:Armin Heinen, 5281: 5274: 5264: 5253: 5246: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5206: 5191:Roland Clark, 5189: 5168: 5161: 5147: 5125: 5113:. Pittsburgh: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5095: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5070: 5047: 5033: 5030:Le Monde Slave 5026: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5011: 5002: 4993: 4984: 4975: 4966: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4927: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4858: 4849: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4809: 4800: 4791: 4782: 4773: 4764: 4755: 4746: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4674: 4661: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4625: 4612: 4603: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4353: 4337: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4243: 4234: 4225: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4163:Heinen, p. 336 4156: 4147: 4138: 4129: 4120: 4100: 4091: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4033: 4018: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3934:Heinen, p. 322 3927: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3898:Heinen, p. 152 3891: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3790: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3733: 3721: 3716:Viața Medicală 3687: 3678: 3669: 3646: 3633: 3621: 3612: 3610:Butaru, p. 306 3603: 3601:Heinen, p. 464 3594: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3554: 3545: 3520: 3487: 3485:(1987), p. 658 3474: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3414: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3323: 3303: 3290: 3277: 3275:(1987), p. 743 3264: 3251: 3242: 3233: 3220: 3207: 3194: 3185: 3176: 3172:Caiete Silvane 3156: 3154:, January 2012 3134: 3132:Popescu, p. 25 3125: 3112: 3099: 3087: 3085:(1987), p. 852 3074: 3065: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3025: 3016: 3003: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2965:Butaru, p. 307 2958: 2933: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2867: 2858: 2846: 2832: 2823: 2814: 2805: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2669: 2665:Românul (Arad) 2653: 2644: 2628: 2615: 2602: 2593: 2589:Românul (Arad) 2573: 2564: 2555: 2541: 2529: 2527:, Nr. 5-6/2012 2494: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 1881: 1878: 1831:Aristide Blank 1786: 1783: 1767:Westernization 1726:Mihai Eminescu 1692: 1691:Generic traits 1689: 1687: 1684: 1662:in late 1947. 1571: 1568: 1515:Grigore Iunian 1482: 1479: 1463:Little Entente 1421:Romanian Front 1410:gerrymandering 1376: 1373: 1233: 1230: 1155:Avram Imbroane 1138: 1135: 1107:Dâmbovița Nouă 1066:Porunca Vremii 1030:Romanian flags 973:of Fălticeni; 971:Răvașul Nostru 955:Gazeta Satelor 951:Râmnicu Vâlcea 882: 879: 850:. Viewing the 820: 817: 739:Gheorghe Tașcă 662: 659: 655:Central Powers 651:Entente Powers 564:Gheorghe Clime 548:Leon Cosmovici 506: 503: 479:Russian Empire 379: 376: 374: 371: 336:1932 elections 321:Prime Minister 232: 231: 229: 228: 223: 218: 212: 209: 208: 200: 199: 195: 194: 186: 182: 181: 170: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 155:Anti-communism 152: 147: 142: 136: 134: 128: 127: 116: 112: 111: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 76: 72: 71: 64: 60: 59: 44: 40: 39: 31: 30: 26: 23: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6764: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6640: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6442:Swabian Group 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5977:Radical Party 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639:Parliamentary 5637: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5585: 5584:0-08-041024-3 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5568:Leon Volovici 5566: 5564: 5563:973-28-0392-4 5560: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5525:Corespondență 5522: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5509:William Totok 5507: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5469:Ioan Stanomir 5467: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5441: 5436:(in Romanian) 5434: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5386:Dieter Nohlen 5384: 5381: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5364:. Bucharest: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312:Nicolae Iorga 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5294: 5293:973-50-1158-1 5290: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259:. Bucharest: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5234:. Bucharest: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5187:973-669-175-6 5184: 5180: 5177:. Bucharest: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5129:Zoltán Rostás 5126: 5124: 5123:0-8229-4172-4 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5058:. Bucharest: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4982:Veiga, p. 253 4979: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4949: 4940: 4931: 4922: 4913: 4904: 4895: 4886: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4856:Heinen, p. 81 4853: 4846: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4768: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4671: 4665: 4659:Butaru, p. 97 4656: 4647: 4638: 4629: 4622: 4616: 4610:Butaru, p. 96 4607: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4562: 4556:Bucur, p. 130 4553: 4547:Bucur, p. 160 4544: 4535: 4526: 4520:Veiga, p. 164 4517: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4466:Veiga, p. 166 4463: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4430:Butaru, p. 95 4427: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4398: 4389: 4380: 4374: 4373:973-99000-2-X 4370: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4332: 4330: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4287:Ștefan, p. 16 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4247: 4238: 4229: 4222: 4221: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4046: 4037: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3985: 3976: 3970:Olaru, p. 137 3967: 3958: 3949: 3943:Veiga, p. 215 3940: 3931: 3922: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3821: 3812: 3803: 3797:Veiga, p. 156 3794: 3787: 3782: 3775: 3770: 3764:Veiga, p. 130 3761: 3759: 3751: 3746: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3707:Mircea Beuran 3704:(in Romanian) 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3682: 3673: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3564: 3558: 3549: 3543:, Nr. 10/2011 3542: 3541: 3536: 3531:(in Romanian) 3527: 3525: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3505:Nicolae Iorga 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3471: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3432: 3431:973-96060-2-4 3428: 3424: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3342: 3335: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3320:973-27-0980-4 3317: 3313: 3307: 3300: 3294: 3287: 3281: 3274: 3268: 3261: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3230: 3224: 3217: 3211: 3204: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3164:(in Romanian) 3160: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3142:(in Romanian) 3138: 3129: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3103: 3094: 3092: 3084: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3020: 3013: 3007: 2998: 2992:Heinen, p. 96 2989: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2944:(in Romanian) 2940: 2938: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2872: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844:Heinen, p. 95 2841: 2839: 2837: 2827: 2818: 2809: 2800: 2798: 2788: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2750: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2625: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2597: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2568: 2559: 2553:Heinen, p. 86 2550: 2548: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2515:(in Romanian) 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2385:(in Romanian) 2384: 2380: 2373: 2369: 2353: 2346: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2320: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2286: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2270: 2263: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2151: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:battering ram 1985: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1847:Tudor Arghezi 1844: 1840: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1827:Jewish quotas 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811:Leon Volovici 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1722:Ioan Stanomir 1719: 1715: 1714: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1649:1946 election 1646: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1576:Ion Antonescu 1567: 1565: 1561: 1560:Crown Council 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533:Miron Cristea 1528: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:Octavian Goga 1492: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1372: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242:King Carol II 1239: 1232:In government 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 959:Râmnicu Sărat 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Turnu Severin 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 878: 875: 871: 866: 864: 863: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 836: 834: 829: 826: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 758:Iancu Flondor 755: 751: 747: 742: 740: 735: 731: 730:Germanophiles 726: 722: 718: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 658: 656: 652: 647: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 614: 612: 609:, but won in 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 568:Nichifor Robu 565: 561: 560:Ion Ciocârlan 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 505:Early history 502: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 459: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 425:Romanian Jews 422: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 398: 393: 389: 385: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 355:Ion Antonescu 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 274: 271: 267: 263: 259: 258:Nicolae Iorga 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 213: 210: 206: 201: 196: 193: 187: 183: 171: 167: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 135: 133: 129: 126: 122: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 52: 48: 47:Nicolae Iorga 45: 41: 37: 32: 20: 6422:Magyar Party 6417:Jewish Party 6367:German Party 6281:Citizen Bloc 5986:Conservative 5900: 5872:Volt Romania 5852:Noua Dreaptă 5571: 5554: 5535: 5528: 5524: 5512: 5495: 5486: 5472: 5460: 5453: 5449:Sorin Radu, 5443: 5422: 5404: 5389: 5379: 5361: 5354: 5344: 5331: 5324: 5318: 5305: 5298: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5256: 5250:Transilvania 5249: 5231: 5208: 5195: 5174: 5164: 5150: 5132: 5110: 5098: 5092:Transilvania 5091: 5072: 5055: 5039: 5029: 5022: 5005: 4996: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4930: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4844: 4839: 4830: 4821: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4780:Hîncu, p. 66 4776: 4767: 4762:Totok, p. 16 4758: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4722: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4669: 4664: 4655: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4620: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4497: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4453: 4444: 4435: 4426: 4411: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4364: 4356: 4348: 4345:Viorel Achim 4340: 4335:Totok, p. 14 4319: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4218: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4108: 4103: 4094: 4086: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4026: 4021: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3961:Panu, p. 188 3957: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3884: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3842: 3834: 3829: 3820: 3811: 3802: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 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Retrieved 2382: 2372: 2027: 2004: 1992:Edmund Burke 1977: 1967: 1932: 1911: 1908:Transylvania 1885: 1883: 1864:Buna Vestire 1862: 1859: 1855: 1839:Jewish Party 1835: 1808: 1788: 1760: 1750: 1739: 1733: 1711: 1709: 1694: 1657: 1645:Ioan Flueraș 1641: 1617: 1582:(UP), a pro- 1573: 1553: 1529: 1522: 1507: 1503:German Party 1484: 1459:Nazi Germany 1456: 1433: 1414: 1398:Bălți County 1394:Ion Buzdugan 1378: 1357: 1317: 1297:Turda County 1282: 1270:German Party 1250:technocratic 1241: 1238:Prince Carol 1235: 1210: 1205: 1193: 1187: 1183:Sibiu County 1167: 1162: 1158: 1146: 1140: 1130: 1122: 1114: 1106: 1098: 1090: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1046: 1037: 1033: 1010: 998:Take Ionescu 995: 986: 978: 974: 970: 962: 954: 946: 934: 926: 918: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 884: 867: 859: 841: 837: 822: 790: 784:and nine in 743: 733: 724: 714: 693: 687: 682: 664: 643: 618: 615: 584: 576:Ilie Cătărău 508: 467:Transylvania 460: 445: 418: 395: 381: 348: 325: 275: 241: 237: 235: 124: 118: 6707:Corporatism 6079:Labor Party 5993:Civic Force 5894:Nationalist 5832:PRO Romania 5817:Green Party 5107:Maria Bucur 5050:Lucian Boia 4494:Eugen Weber 3470:Țara Bârsei 3166:Marin Pop, 2956:, July 2004 2000:corporatism 1984:technocracy 1892:regionalism 1804:Karl Lueger 1800:producerist 1775:Maria Bucur 1713:Sămănătorul 1672:the Vatican 1609:Mihai Ralea 1549:racial laws 1519:Dalles Hall 1417:Petre Țuțea 1402:Ion G. Duca 1336:debt relief 1314:legislation 1312:debt relief 1075:Brazda Nouă 927:Brazda Nouă 911:Vremea Nouă 881:LANC schism 870:center-left 828:Ferdinand I 809:Labor Party 762:Mayer Ebner 750:regionalism 639:Poporanists 536:Petre Liciu 487:irredentism 433:Aryan cross 414:producerist 332:debt relief 310:corporatism 306:technocracy 270:producerism 150:Corporatism 140:Producerism 6671:Categories 6291:Iron Guard 5016:References 2524:Contrafort 2389:2024-02-21 2063:Percentage 1957:described 1939:organicism 1904:Bessarabia 1771:positivism 1452:Jiu Valley 1388:, and the 1369:Iron Guard 1334:, offered 1289:Petre Topa 1276:, and the 1115:Democratul 1111:Târgoviște 1083:Bănățeanul 803:(PȚ), the 778:Parliament 754:Paul Bujor 475:Bessarabia 473:), and in 402:Parliament 351:Petre Topa 340:Iron Guard 262:A. C. Cuza 198:Party flag 56:Petre Topa 51:A. C. Cuza 6522:Alliances 6274:Far-right 6052:Left-wing 5578:, 1991. 5368:, 2018. 5325:Universul 5244:490649093 5238:, 1972. 5117:, 2002. 5062:, 2010. 5060:Humanitas 5044:Universul 4504:, 1962. 4009:, 2014. 3849:, 2014. 3788:, pp. 8–9 3515:Universul 2076:Position 2041:uniform. 1620:Michael I 1613:Siguranța 1448:Ghiță Pop 1179:Gendarmes 1095:Târgu Jiu 1087:Timișoara 979:Graiu Nou 852:Socialist 595:Fălticeni 542:chaplain 528:Bucharest 499:Siguranța 469:(held by 431:(卐), or " 226:Elections 115:Newspaper 75:Dissolved 43:President 6629:USR PLUS 6178:Agrarian 5181:, 2005. 3886:Adevărul 3540:Apostrof 3333:Adevărul 2853:Chelcu, 2231:10 / 366 2203:27 / 568 2057:Election 1979:Cuvântul 1976:and the 1928:Cernăuți 1912:ținuturi 1900:Bukovina 1744:and the 1686:Ideology 1524:Lăncieri 1293:Caliacra 1157:and his 1123:Îndemnul 1079:Crai Nou 1053:legalism 983:Botoșani 967:Cernăuți 935:Crai Nou 919:Biruința 607:Covurlui 540:Orthodox 534:, actor 524:Ploiești 463:Bukovina 429:swastika 317:Carol II 246:Romanian 132:Ideology 5935:Liberal 5887:Defunct 5625:Romania 5338:, 1936. 5263:, 1987. 5213:Polirom 5046:, 1936. 4845:Tribuna 4001:(ed.), 3841:(ed.), 2349:0 / 113 2342:0 / 387 2323:0 / 113 2316:3 / 387 2296:0 / 110 2289:2 / 387 2266:2 / 148 2259:5 / 372 2238:2 / 166 2210:9 / 216 2182:0 / 121 2175:2 / 174 2154:0 / 125 2147:2 / 188 2126:1 / 110 2119:1 / 183 2099:0 / 112 2092:0 / 183 2067:Chamber 1916:Făgăraș 1851:Yiddish 1762:Junimea 1735:Endecja 1375:Decline 1127:Pitești 991:Dorohoi 963:Poporul 943:Focșani 915:Craiova 907:Flamura 611:Prahova 580:Okhrana 516:Oltenia 406:in 1907 378:Origins 373:History 254:Romania 185:Colours 83: ( 63:Founded 53:(first) 5582: 5561: 5542: 5527:", in 5514:Timpul 5502: 5479: 5429: 5415: 5396: 5372: 5328:, 1934 5291: 5242: 5219: 5202: 5185: 5157: 5143: 5121: 5079: 5066: 4877: 4510:401078 4508: 4418: 4371: 4115: 4013: 3853: 3664: 3518:, 1934 3483:et al. 3429: 3318: 3299:et al. 3286:et al. 3273:et al. 3203:et al. 3121:et al. 3108:et al. 3083:et al. 3012:et al. 2855:passim 2640:Unirea 2624:Litere 2072:Senate 2031:guilds 1922:, and 1730:Poland 1653:Romani 1605:MADOSZ 1599:, the 1584:Allied 1489:under 1384:, the 1330:, the 1272:, the 1163:Brazda 1119:Tulcea 1038:Unirea 975:Secera 931:Bârlad 786:Senate 734:Unirea 725:Unirea 694:Unirea 619:Unirea 538:, and 520:Brăila 268:, and 189: 58:(last) 6466:Other 5442:, in 3713:, in 3537:, in 3284:Desa 3271:Desa 3201:Desa 3170:, in 3148:, in 3119:Desa 3106:Desa 3081:Desa 2950:, in 2521:, in 2365:Notes 2060:Votes 1926:with 1924:Hotin 1920:Argeș 1360:Hotin 1151:Banat 1131:Coasa 1103:Bacău 987:Solia 939:Buzău 903:Dacia 774:Orhei 526:. 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Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)

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