Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States

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removing criminal penalties for marijuana offenses will therefore reduce the U.S. prison population and more effectively protect the public and promote public health. One of the reasons that the ACLU has been such a strong supporter of drug decriminalization is that according to their research drug-related arrests have largely driven America's incarceration rate to unacceptable levels. Drug offenders account for over 500,000 of the more than 2 million people in America's prisons and jails, and drug offenses combined with failed drug tests account for a significant number of those returning to prison for parole and probation violations. Between 2001 and 2010, there were over 7 million pot arrests in the U.S., and of these arrests 88% were for simply having marijuana. These marijuana-related arrests now account for over half of all drug-related arrests in the United States. These arrests tend to be racially imbalanced as a black person is 3.73 times more likely to be arrested than a white person for marijuana-related charges, despite research that suggests fairly equal usage rates between the two races. The ACLU is further troubled by the amount of money that is spent annually to enforce marijuana laws as they claim that over 3 billion dollars are spent every year by states to enforce marijuana regulation, while the drug's availability has not declined. The ACLU claims that over 50% of Americans support marijuana legalization and they are advocating for the legalization of Cannabis through the Criminal Law Reform Project. They believe that the resources that are spent on enforcing marijuana law could be better invested in our communities through education and job training.

1741:(DEA) has claimed that cannabis decriminalization will lead to increased cannabis use and addiction in the un-sourced pamphlet entitled "Speaking Out Against Drug Legalization". The pamphlet states in 1979, after 11 states decriminalized private cannabis use, cannabis use among 12th grade students was almost 51 percent and in 1992, when stricter cannabis laws were put in place, the usage rate reduced to 22 percent. The pamphlet also states that when Alaska decriminalized cannabis in 1975, the cannabis use rate among youth eventually rose to twice the national average youth usage rate nationwide; even though the law did not apply to anyone under the age of 19, the pamphlet explains this is why Alaska re-criminalized cannabis in 1990. Save Our Society From Drugs (SOS) has also stated that decriminalizing cannabis will increase usage among teenagers, citing an increase in Alaskan youth cannabis usage when cannabis was decriminalized. However, cannabis use rose in all states in the 1970s, and the DEA does not say whether or not Alaska started out higher than the national average. Following decriminalization, Alaska youth had lower rates of daily use of cannabis than their peers in the rest of the US. 1226: 551: 1027:

treatment. Furthermore, under the same type of treatment, most of the patients with multiple sclerosis showed dramatic improvements in their symptoms. After the treatment, their handwriting was much clearer and head tremor pain was less than the samples taken before the treatment. In addition, many patients that associated with chronic pain, multiple sclerosis were also under marijuana oral preparation treatment. Patients treated with dronabinol, a synthetic THC, reported that there was a 50% pain reduction compared to 30% that was experienced when given the placebo. Furthermore, cancer treatment involving chemotherapy also agreed that dronabinol had significant benefits on delaying nausea and vomiting for patients.

1536:: Indoor marijuana cultivation is highly energy-intensive. It is estimated that the industry accounts for 1% of all the nation's electricity use, which is six times the amount the pharmaceutical industry consumes. In terms of emissions, it is estimated that fifteen million metric tons of carbon are produced by the industry annually. Legalization would require those in the industry to meet long-standing statutes such as the Clean Air Act, as well as allow states to enforce provisions on energy use through conditions of licensure. For example, in the city of Boulder, Colorado, marijuana businesses are required to utilize renewable energy to offset 100% of their electricity consumption. 1355:(NORML) estimated that Lewis had spent well over $ 40 million funding the cause since the 1980s. During the November 2012 election, he spent almost $ 3 million helping secure the passage of marijuana legalization bills in both Washington State and Massachusetts. The list of capitalists who have joined Soros and Lewis in the cause of Marijuana reform include John Sperling, who is the founder of the University of Phoenix, and George Zimmer who is the founder and former CEO of Men's Wearhouse. Sperling donated $ 70,000 to support marijuana law reform in Oregon, and Zimmer contributed $ 20,000 to advocate for marijuana decriminalization in California. 517:

embarrassment of the Bourne scandal, along with allegations of drug use that had been made against other members of the administration, made decriminalization a much more politically sensitive topic that Carter thus sought to avoid. It was not just the Carter administration that had been damaged from the incident, however. Stroup's role in the scandal proved to be a major embarrassment for NORML, and by December 1978 led to his resignation, due to the anger and distrust that his actions had caused. The departure of Stroup also caused NORML to lose the support of some of its top donors, including its largest benefactor the

504:. Stroup argued that these crops could find their way into the U.S. and harm American consumers of the drug. Simultaneously, Stroup was growing frustrated that the administration was not doing more to support the decriminalization policies that it had previously championed. By March 1978 Stroup's anger had reached a boiling point, as Bourne and the administration continued to support paraquat spraying in the face of growing public opposition to the practice and emerging evidence that it posed a serious health risk. Stroup decided to take matters into his own hands, contacting reporter 1404:"The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did." 30: 1210:

opportunity to use other illicit drugs." A study comparing experienced cannabis users in Amsterdam, where adults can purchase small amounts of cannabis from regulated businesses, with similarly experienced cannabis users in San Francisco, where non-medical possession and sale of cannabis remains completely illegal, bolstered this hypothesis: The San Francisco cannabis users were twice as likely to use crack cocaine as their Dutch counterparts, more than twice as likely to use amphetamines, and five times as likely to be current users of opiates.

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regulations and federal regulations concerning legal agricultural practices. Since there are no federal regulations on pesticide use in cannabis cultivation, none are registered for use in the United States, and illegal pesticide use is common. Samples purchased by law enforcement in California, have for example detected pesticide residues present on cannabis products for sale to the public. Workers risk exposure to THC, pesticides, and fertilizers through respiratory, dermal, and ocular pathways. One grower was reported to have developed

1121:. The report states cannabis is the top cash crop in 12 states, is one of the top three cash crops in 30 states, and is one of the top five cash crops in 39 states. Gettman estimated the value of U.S. cannabis production at $ 35.8 billion, which is more than the combined value of corn and wheat. Furthermore, the report states according to federal estimates, eradication efforts have failed to prevent the spread of cannabis production, as cannabis production has increased tenfold in the past 25 years. 11231: 364:

however, as the Shafer Commission concluded in March 1972 that cannabis was a relatively benign drug whose dangers had been exaggerated. The report also advised that harsh laws against cannabis did more harm than good, and recommended the removal of criminal penalties for possession and distribution of small amounts of the drug. These findings were influential in persuading 11 states to decriminalize during the 1970s; however, at the federal level no such policy reforms were enacted.

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known to cause kidney or ulcer problems. The medical use of marijuana similarly can be used to curb stress-induced cravings, anxiety and lack of impulse control that cause people to relapse in people with drug and alcohol addiction. In Colorado and Oregon, the most common use for marijuana is pain, spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis, nausea, posttraumatic stress disorder, cancer, epilepsy, cachexia, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, and degenerative neurological conditions.

11219: 275:, a San Francisco man who walked into the city's Hall of Justice and lit up a joint, requesting to be arrested. As it was a felony to use cannabis in California, Eggemeier was sent to prison where he was held for close to a year. Eggemeier was defended by James R. White, an attorney who had not taken a drug case before nor was he much familiar with cannabis, but took interest in the matter as a devoted civil libertarian (describing himself as "to the right of 10521: 937: 11207: 10507: 1160:

prosecuting marijuana offenders were significantly lower in states that had done away with criminal penalties for possessing small amounts; (2) there was a greater increase in marijuana use in states that continue to treat possession as a crime than in states that treated it as a civil offense; (3) easing the penalties for marijuana did not lead to a substantial increase in the use of either alcohol or hard drugs."

829:(2023). In all of these jurisdictions, commercial distribution has been legalized except in Virginia and the District of Columbia, personal cultivation has been legalized except in Delaware, Illinois, New Jersey, and Washington state, public consumption is prohibited except in New York (though on-premises consumption is allowed in some jurisdictions), and use by individuals under 21 years old is prohibited. 1428:

at primarily arrests for Blacks, it increased from 19,040 in 2017 to 19,760 in 2018 and 7,457 in 2020 to 7,466 in 2021. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Black people are 3.64 times more like than white people to be arrested for marijuana related offenses. With more and more states legalizing marijuana, trends related to Black people being arrested have not changed since 2010.

1144:, which decriminalized cannabis and other drug possession charges by allowing outpatient treatment programs instead of incarceration. In the first year, the proposition was enacted (2001), California reportedly saved $ 173 million, which is likely a result of fewer drug offenders in prison. In the five years after the program was enacted, 8,700 fewer people are in prison for drug offenses. 1044:

cannabis sales. In Colorado, in June 2020, monthly marijuana sales reached $ 199 million. In 2020, state and local governments earned over $ 3 billion in tax revenue from cannabis taxes. Although some cannabis proponents caution that overtaxation and overregulation of cannabis can result in political corruption, bribery, and an even bigger black market than before legalization.

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monoxide, and nitrogen oxides from devices used to promote cannabis growth. Cuts, nicks, and scrapes are also a risk during the harvest of cannabis buds. A survey completed by the CDPHE has found that while workers valued safety, 46% of them never received any training in safety procedures and protocols. Washington and

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Most marijuana users do so responsibly, in a safe, recreational context. These people lead normal, productive lives — pursuing careers, raising families and participating in civic life ... A Kucinich administration would reject the current paradigm of 'all use is abuse' in favor of a drug policy that

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Studies conducted in Oregon, California, and Maine within a few years of decriminalization found little increase in cannabis use, compared to the rest of the country; "The most frequently cited reasons for non-use by respondents was 'not interested,' cited by about 80% of non-users. Only 4% of adults

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regulates pesticide use on agricultural crops, but has not tested any pesticides for use on marijuana because it is still illegal at the federal level. Given what is known about the chemicals commonly used on marijuana plants, that means a potential public health hazard for the millions of people who

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In New York City, Black and Brown people were the most affected when it came to arrests relating to Marijuana accounting for 94% of all persons in 2020. In Texas, overall arrests for marijuana fell for Blacks from 64,826 in 2017 to 63,019 in 2018 and 24,890 in 2020 to 22,496 in 2021. However, looking

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politics. This view is that regardless of any health effects of someone's lifestyle choice if they are not directly harming anyone else or their property then they should be free to do what they want. Many people who support drug freedom policies may personally be strongly against drug use themselves

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by Mark Anderson and Daniel Reese indicated that increased marijuana use in California is a substitute for alcohol. This research showed that participants frequently choose marijuana over other substances. They reported that over 41 percent of the people said that they prefer to use marijuana instead

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However, medical marijuana treatments are not for everyone and it may cause adverse side effects for others. Overall, the potential long-term side effects of medical marijuana are not yet fully classified. As a result, further studies must carry out to fully understand the benefits as well as adverse

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During the Reagan years, the federal war on drugs was significantly ramped up, and a number of states acted to increase penalties for drug crimes. Meanwhile, NORML struggled to regain the influence that it once held, as it dealt with severe decreases in funding and membership, and underwent frequent

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who was designated to serve as chairman. Nixon conveyed to Shafer his strong opposition to the legalization of cannabis, and he advised Shafer to "keep your commission in line" months before the first of two final reports was issued. The release of the 1184-page report would not be to Nixon's liking,

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The high risk-factor obtained is a product not of the fact that so many marijuana users use cocaine but that so many cocaine users used marijuana previously. It is hardly a revelation that people who use one of the least popular drugs are likely to use the more popular ones — not only marijuana, but

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Myclobutanil is the active chemical compound in the pesticide Eagle 20EW, the use of which is prohibited in Colorado. However, Eagle 20EW is still a commonly used pesticide. The federal limit, set by the EPA, for the amount in myclobutanil residue on lettuce is 0.3 parts per million – yet the amount

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from simply handling the plants, after being tolerant to moderate use before. Other allergic reactions, such as asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and cutaneous symptoms have been reported. Workers are also at risk of overexposure to UV rays from lamps used, and overexposure to carbon dioxide, carbon

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argue that if cannabis were to be legalized it would reduce the number of non-violent offenders in prison making room for the incarceration of more violent offenders as well as easing the current strain that the large number of cannabis possession cases have on the criminal justice system. They also

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journal about the adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use, Professors Hall and Degenhardt clearly stated that "the public health burden of cannabis use is probably modest compared with that of alcohol, tobacco, and other illicit drugs." Psychopharmacologist and former UK government drugs

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released the 2006 World Drug Report, which stated the North American cannabis market is estimated to be worth anywhere from $ 10 billion to $ 60 billion annually. That same study also indicated that the mountainous regions in Appalachia, and the rural areas of the West Coast are ideal for

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found that the main drivers of these changes in attitudes were a decline in the perception of the riskiness of marijuana, changes in media framing of marijuana, a decline in overall punitiveness, and a decrease in religious affiliation. Additionally, a Gallup poll conducted in 2022 found that 53% of

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was enacted at the federal level, leading many states to further criminalize cannabis by passing "Smoke a joint, lose your license" laws. These laws imposed mandatory driver's license suspensions of at least six months for committing any type of drug offense (regardless of whether any motor vehicle

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By the end of the 1970s, efforts to decriminalize cannabis had stalled at both the state and federal level. Although the fallout of the Bourne scandal played a significant role, there was another factor at play in bringing about this shift. A movement of anti-drug parent activists was on the rise,

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became the first state to decriminalize cannabis, reducing the penalty for up to one ounce to a $ 100 fine. Other states were reluctant to follow, however, in part due to influence from the Nixon administration which staunchly opposed such reforms. Decriminalization efforts were bolstered by Nixon's

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The people who are predisposed to use drugs and have the opportunity to use drugs are more likely than others to use both marijuana and harder drugs ... Marijuana typically comes first because it is more available. Once we incorporated these facts into our mathematical model of adolescent drug use,

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to produce an in-depth report on cannabis. The report, "Marijuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding", found cannabis prohibition constitutionally suspect and stated regardless of whether the courts would overturn the prohibition of cannabis possession, the executive and legislative branches have a duty

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in August 2013, which specified eight conditions under which enforcement of federal law would be prioritized (such as distribution of cannabis to minors or diversion across state borders). Aside from these situations, the memo generally allowed for the commercial distribution of cannabis in states

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In 1975 a federal committee examined the use of cannabis and other drugs in America, building upon the findings of the Shafer Commission three years earlier. Although the committee – the Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force – did not advocate decriminalization outright, it did recommend attention

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while working for the National Commission on Product Safety. Drawing upon his experience working with the consumer advocate Nader, Stroup sought to create an advocacy group dedicated to protecting cannabis consumers. He founded NORML in 1970, with the aim of adopting a more professionalized manner

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Cannabis was popularized in the U.S. around the mid-19th century, used mostly for its therapeutic benefits in the treatment of a wide range of medical conditions. Its use as medicine continued into the 20th century, but declined somewhat due to a number of different factors. The recreational use of

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Carah, Jennifer K.; Howard, Jeanette K.; Thompson, Sally E.; Short Gianotti, Anne G.; Bauer, Scott D.; Carlson, Stephanie M.; Dralle, David N.; Gabriel, Mourad W.; Hulette, Lisa L.; Johnson, Brian J.; Knight, Curtis A.; Kupferberg, Sarah J.; Martin, Stefanie L.; Naylor, Rosamond L.; Power, Mary E.

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In 1997, the Connecticut Law Revision Commission examined states that had decriminalized cannabis and found an increase in cannabis usage was less than the increase in states that have not decriminalized cannabis; furthermore, the commission stated: "the largest proportionate increase occurred in

1564:, which stated that " biochemical changes induced by marijuana in the brain result in drug-seeking, drug-taking behavior, which in many instances will lead the user to experiment with other pleasurable substances. The risk of progression from marijuana to cocaine to heroin is now well documented." 1358:

These capitalists have helped pave the way for a new type of business with special interests in the cannabis industry. The ArcView Group was founded in 2010 by Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and marijuana advocates Troy Dayton and Steve DeAngelo. Their company teams up angel investors with companies

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Since cannabis is illegal in the United States, this policy has led to penalties for simple use and possession. Despite these penalties, users continue to find themselves in trouble with the law. The Connecticut Law Revision Commission made the following evaluation: "(1) the costs of arresting and

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government was spending $ 25–30 million per year enforcing cannabis prohibition laws. The study found if the purchase of cannabis were to be taxed as a legal commodity, tax revenues would increase by about $ 10–20 million per year, making $ 35–50 million per year in funds available.

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seeking to legalize cannabis were attempted in a number of states but none succeeded. Among these attempts were California in 1972 (33% support), Oregon in 1986 (26%), Alaska in 2000 (41%), Nevada in 2002 (39%), Alaska in 2004 (44%), Colorado in 2006 (46%), Nevada in 2006 (46%), and California in

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and the official title "Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse". From this position, Bourne continued to advocate for cannabis decriminalization, while also developing a close relationship with Stroup and NORML. In August 1977, the White House issued its first official position paper on

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The United States spends an estimated $ 68 billion per year on prisoners with a third of that number have been incarcerated for non-violent drug crimes including a sixth of those numbers as marijuana drug-related offenses. A reduction in the prison population due to decriminalizing marijuana

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Many proponents of cannabis decriminalization have argued that decriminalizing cannabis would largely reduce costs of maintaining the criminal justice and law enforcement systems, while legalizing cannabis to allow the cultivation and sale would generate a substantial amount of income from taxing

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announced he would pardon all prior federal offenses of simple possession and urge governors to do the same, and directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Attorney General to initiate the administrative process to review expeditiously how cannabis is scheduled under federal law.

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The medical use of marijuana for pain relief could be safer than traditional opioids used for pain relief as marijuana cannot be overdosed on and is less addictive. Marijuana could also replace the use of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Advil or Aleve that have been

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Marijuana (cannabis) is an herb drug, which contains a very active component delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). For thousands of years, it was used for medical purposes in many different parts of the world. Recent studies also agreed that THC had great potential benefits for medical purposes. A

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at the annual Christmas party hosted by NORML a few months earlier. Although this information was not immediately published, in July 1978, when Bourne was in the midst of a scandal over writing an illegal prescription, the cocaine revelation came to light. Faced with two simultaneous scandals of

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he writes, "Regardless of where one stands on the broader drug war, we should all be able to agree on the subject of medical marijuana. Here, the use of an otherwise prohibited substance has been found to relieve unbearable suffering in countless patients. How can we fail to support liberty and

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Loo, Hoorens, Hof, and Kahan also talked about this issue in their book 'Cannabis policy, implementation and outcomes'. According to them, statistics show that controlling cannabis use leads in many cases to selective law enforcement, which increases the chances of arresting people from certain

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In the 1970s, there were just under 200,000 criminals serving time in state and federal prisons and upwards of 750,000 in local jails for marijuana-related crimes. Today there are over 1.5 million Americans serving time in an institution. If marijuana was decriminalized, these numbers were

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Research shows that the actual "gateway" is the illegal drug market. The World Health Organization noted that any gateway effect associated with marijuana use may actually be due to marijuana prohibition because "exposure to other drugs when purchasing cannabis on the black market increases the

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Studies conducted following the legalization of cannabis in Washington and Colorado show that driving under the effects of marijuana increases a driver's likelihood of getting in accident by 100% in comparison to sober drivers. They also suggest that increased use will lead to higher workplace

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Making marijuana legally available to adults on more or less the same terms as alcohol would tend to reduce crime, certainly by greatly shrinking the illicit market and possibly by reducing alcohol consumption via substitution if smoking marijuana acts, on balance, as a substitute for drinking

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was published in the British Journal of Addiction. The researchers created a mathematical model simulating adolescent drug use. National rates of cannabis and hard drug use in the model matched survey data collected from representative samples of youths from across the United States; the model

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According to Medical Uses of Marijuana (Cannabis sativa), patients with HIV reported that the drug reduced mixed neuropathic pain more significantly in comparison to other placebo drugs. They addressed that there was a minimum of 30% pain reduction when they were under smoked medical marijuana

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that assessed quantities of pesticides marijuana smokers were exposed to, it was found that "recoveries of residues were as high as 69.5% depending on the device used and the component investigated, suggesting that the potential of pesticide and chemical residue exposures to cannabis users is

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Since cannabis is still recognized as an illegal substance under federal law, each state has its own rules and regulations concerning cannabis cultivation. As this is still a relatively new industry, there are challenges in formulating safety regulations; much discrepancy exists between state

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The ACLU takes a firm position that decriminalizing cannabis will keep tens of thousands of people from entering into the criminal justice system as police efforts result in both unnecessary arrests and the enforcement of marijuana laws wastes billions of tax payers' dollars. They affirm that

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by a 24–10 vote. It was the first time a federal bill to legalize cannabis had ever passed a congressional committee. The MORE Act passed the full House of Representatives on December 4, 2020, by a vote of 228–164. It passed the House for a second time on April 1, 2022, by a vote of 220–204.

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Leadership Conferences stated that "laws that prohibit marijuana affect the minorities significantly and hence should be reconsidered." Religious groups uphold that marijuana does not harm as much as alcohol does and thus legalizing it for medicinal usage would not be harmful to the economy.

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In 2004, a study by Scott Bates from the Boreal Economic Analysis & Research center entitled "The Economic Implications of Marijuana Legalization in Alaska", was prepared for Alaskans for Rights & Revenues. The study found there was no link between cannabis use and criminal behavior.

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A single mature marijuana plant can consume 23 liters of water a day, compared to 13 liters for a grape plant. Historically, many outdoor cultivators have used illegal river and lake diversions to irrigate crops. These diversions have led to the dewatering of streams and rivers which is well

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The resignation of Peter Bourne was considered a significant blow to decriminalization efforts in a number of ways. First, there were no advisers pushing Carter to support decriminalization anymore, as Bourne's successor Lee Dogoloff was not particularly sympathetic to the cause. Also, the

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Some members of religious organizations, even while not necessarily being in favor of marijuana consumption, have also spoken in favor of reform, for medical reasons, or the social costs of enforcement and incarceration. For instance, Revered Samuel Rodriguez of National Hispanic Christian

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We, therefore, urge the country to commence an open and honest debate about marijuana prohibition. We believe such a debate will favor a regime in which marijuana is legal but taxed and regulated like other goods. At a minimum, this debate will force advocates of current policy to show that

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The letter stated, among other things, "We, the undersigned, call your attention to the attached report ... shows that marijuana legalization — replacing prohibition with a system of taxation and regulation — would save $ 7.7 billion per year in state and federal expenditures on prohibition

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in the 1990s and found the association between teenage cannabis use and other illicit drug use by young adults was significantly diminished after controlling for other factors, such as unemployment. They found that after young adults reach age 21, the gateway effect subsides entirely.

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became the first to legalize through an act of state legislature. All jurisdictions that have legalized cannabis allow for its commercial sale, except Virginia and the District of Columbia. All allow for personal cultivation except Delaware, Illinois, New Jersey, and Washington state.

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documented in areas of Northern California. As with any other agricultural crop, an increase in demand leads to increased clear-cutting of forests which can increase erosion, habitat destruction, and river diversion. Legalization and subsequent regulation could mitigate such issues.

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passed Proposition Z, which makes "adult recreational marijuana use, cultivation and sales the lowest law enforcement priority." The proposition states the city of Oakland must advocate to the state of California to adopt laws to regulate and tax cannabis. On November 7, 2006,

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effectively legalized cannabis in the state. The ruling stemmed from the 1972 arrest of Irwin Ravin, an Alaska resident who allowed himself to be caught possessing cannabis in order to challenge state law. At trial, Ravin's defense argued that the state constitution guaranteed a

1101:(ONDCP) published "Economic Costs of Drug Abuse", which stated without separately analyzing cannabis related costs, the United States was spending $ 12.1 billion on law enforcement and court costs, and $ 16.9 billion in corrections costs, totaling $ 29 billion. 2120:

began to publicly support decriminalization of cannabis, seeing cannabis as a health problem. But when DuPont left government he changed his mind and declared that "decriminalization is a bad idea". Robert DuPont is still an active opponent of decriminalization of cannabis.

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Soros' efforts to reform marijuana laws were predated by fellow billionaire, the late Peter Lewis. Lewis was the former chairman of Progressive Insurance and died on November 23, 2013. Lewis is considered to be the most high-profile billionaire backer of drug reform and the

279:"). While researching the case, White became a strong proponent for the legalization of cannabis, and went on to found LEMAR (shortened version of LEgalize MARijuana) in December 1964. LEMAR was the first organization in the U.S. dedicated to ending cannabis prohibition. 1579:(CASA) report, which claimed that cannabis users are 85 times more likely than non-cannabis users to try cocaine. Additionally, some research suggests that marijuana use is likely to precede the use of other licit and illicit substances. However, an article published in 397:), and concluded that cannabis was the "least serious" drug problem facing the nation. Also in 1975, congressional hearings were held on decriminalizing cannabis for the first time. As these developments provided momentum to reform efforts, a total of five more states ( 377:– the California Marijuana Initiative – ultimately failed with 33% of the vote. Although it was defeated by a wide margin, supporters of the initiative were encouraged by the results, which provided momentum to other reform efforts in California throughout the decade. 1592:

Multiple opponents of cannabis decriminalization have claimed increased cannabis use results in increased use of other illicit drugs. However, multiple studies have found no evidence of a correlation between cannabis use and the subsequent use of other illicit drugs.

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found that cannabis legalization had led to large amounts of new tax revenue and very little black market cannabis sales in states where the market was well-regulated, but large black markets and lack of tax revenue in states like California with poor regulation.

1638:. The study found no evidence that the decriminalization of cannabis leads to subsequent use of other illicit drugs. The study also found the mean age at onset of cannabis use and the mean age of cannabis users are both higher in Amsterdam than in San Francisco. 10306: 1379:– H.R. 1523 and has reached out to members of congress to get this act passed. This act is designed to decrease penalties for low-level marijuana possession and supports prohibiting federal enforcement of marijuana laws in states which have lesser penalties. 538:

were formed for parents concerned about teen drug use. The groups soon spread across the country and began turning attention to legislative affairs such as halting decriminalization efforts and passing anti-paraphernalia laws. Momentum continued to grow as

286:, who was staying in Berkeley at the time. Upon returning home to New York City he founded the first East Coast chapter of LEMAR. Ginsberg's activism and writings helped inspire the founding of other LEMAR chapters, including a Detroit chapter by fellow poet 1023:

number of patients who have HIV, multiple sclerosis (MS), neuropathic chronic pain, and cancer were under medical marijuana treatment. The treatments could either be smoke on cannabis or oral preparations, which were synthetic THC and synthetic equivalent.

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Although the Cole memo was adhered to by federal prosecutors, members of Congress sought the assurances that a legally binding act of legislation could provide. The McClintock–Polis amendment was hence introduced in the U.S. House (as an attachment to the

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substantial and may pose a significant toxicological threat in the absence of adequate regulatory frameworks". Marijuana also differs from other agricultural products in that it can not be rinsed with water as the product is traditionally dried or cured.

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we could explain all of the drug use associations that have been cited as evidence of marijuana's gateway effect ... We've shown that the marijuana gateway effect is not the best explanation for the link between marijuana use and the use of harder drugs.

1262:, found that "There is no evidence that mariahuana as grown here is a 'habit-forming' drug in the sense in which the term is applied to alcohol, opium, cocaine, etc., or that it has any appreciably deleterious influence on the individuals using it." 2003:, a former Texas Congressman and 2008 Presidential Candidate, stated at a rally in response to a question by a medical cannabis patient that he would "never use the federal government to force the law against anybody using marijuana." In his book, 1653:

by pushing a lever and the study found the rats given THC took larger doses of heroin. The institute examined the brain cells in the rats and found THC alters the opioid system that is associated with positive emotions, which lessens the effects of

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As decriminalization efforts continued to progress during the 1970s, many supporters of reform – including Stroup himself – believed federal decriminalization was just around the corner. This optimism was particularly buoyed by the 1976 election of

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enforcement and produce tax revenues of at least $ 2.4 billion annually if marijuana were taxed like most consumer goods. If, however, marijuana were taxed similarly to alcohol or tobacco, it might generate as much as $ 6.2 billion annually...."

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would favor profits over public health. He also said that it could become a predatory body like the lobbying arms of the tobacco and alcohol industries. Kleiman said: "The fact that the National Cannabis Industry Association has hired itself a

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In 1997, the Connecticut Law Revision Commission examined states that had decriminalized cannabis and found decriminalizing small amounts of cannabis has no effect on subsequent use of alcohol or "harder" illicit drugs. The study recommended

854:) to prohibit the Justice Department from interfering with the implementation of state cannabis laws regarding both recreational and medical use. The McClintock–Polis amendment was narrowly defeated on June 3, 2015, by a vote of 206 to 222. 10263: 499:

By the fall of 1977, the relationship between Bourne and Stroup had begun to sour. The Carter administration was providing helicopters to the government of Mexico, which were being used to eradicate cannabis crops by spraying the herbicide

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering; Division, Health and Medicine; Practice, Board on Population Health and Public Health; Agenda, Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research (January 12, 2017).

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There are claims of historical evidence showing that a significant reason for the marijuana ban by the US government was political and racist in nature, aimed to suppress black and Mexican minorities. A quote from a 1934 newspaper reads:

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that produce cannabis products and it's been one of the major sources of startup revenue for cannabis-related companies. This company has contributed hundreds of thousands of dollars to educational reform groups like the Students for

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published a report titled "The War on Marijuana in Black and White". The report found that despite marijuana use being roughly equal between blacks and whites, blacks are 3.73 times as likely to be arrested for marijuana possession.

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argues, though he is against full declassification, that the harm caused by cannabis is far less than that caused by alcohol or tobacco, which, if they were invented today "would be illegal". A 1933 report by the U.S. Army, titled

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In 2004, Scott Bates of the Boreal Economic Analysis & Research center prepared a study for Alaskans for Rights & Revenues entitled "The Economic Implications of Marijuana Legalization in Alaska." The study estimated the

454:(1978). NORML was actively involved in these efforts, lobbying in support of legislation and paying for proponents of decriminalization (including members of the Shafer Commission) to travel to various states to testify. 469:

residents approved Proposition W in 1978, a non-binding measure directing city law enforcement to "cease the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved in the cultivation, transfer, or possession of marijuana". Mayor

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growing cannabis. Allowing farmers there to grow cannabis openly would both provide jobs and reduce the need for expensive federal welfare payments to those areas, which are disproportionately dependent on welfare.

1952:

state-commissioned Drug Policy Advisory Group stated that decriminalizing cannabis "will result in greater availability of resources to respond to more serious crimes without any increased risks to public safety."

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entitled "Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base", found no evidence of a link between cannabis use and the subsequent use of other illicit drugs on the basis of its particular physiological effect.

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offense marked a notable liberalization in federal policy. The act also provided a model for state governments to follow, and by 1973 only two states still classified simple possession of cannabis as a felony.

330:), the act also included a number of reforms that significantly reduced penalties for certain drug offenses. In particular, it eliminated mandatory minimum drug sentences, made simple possession of all drugs a 606:

decriminalized in 2001. In subsequent years a number of major cities decriminalized cannabis or made enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority. Among the first major cities to pass such measures were

861:. The intended impact of the rescission was not immediately made clear, however, in regards to what kind of crackdown (if any) on the states would be forthcoming. In response to the memo's rescission, the 372:

During the early 1970s legislative efforts to reform cannabis laws began to materialize. Among these was a 1972 ballot measure seeking to legalize cannabis in California, spearheaded by the group Amorphia.

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to produce an in-depth report on cannabis. The report, entitled "Marijuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding", reviewed existing cannabis studies and concluded that cannabis does not cause physical addiction.

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Cannabis has been subject to many studies over the past century. Studies acknowledge that cannabis can in rare cases cause adverse reactions, but is generally safer than any commonly consumed drug such as

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On June 20, 2019, four years after the McClintock–Polis amendment was defeated, a similar amendment protecting state-legal cannabis activities was approved by the House. The amendment, introduced by Rep.

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for possessing small amounts (similar to how a minor traffic violation is treated), instead of criminal prosecution or the threat of arrest. In jurisdictions without penalty the policy is referred to as

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entitled "Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base", concluded "there is little evidence that decriminalization of marijuana use necessarily leads to a substantial increase in marijuana use."

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has reported that cannabis sales and trafficking support violent criminal gangs. Proponents of fully decriminalizing cannabis to allow the regulated cultivation and sale of cannabis, including

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voters approved a ballot measure to legalize cannabis in November 2020, but it was overturned in a February 2021 court ruling. The case remains under appeal to the South Dakota Supreme Court.

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In 2004, a study by Craig Reinarman, Peter D. A. Cohen, and Hendrien L. Kaal entitled "The Limited Relevance of Drug Policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco", was published in the

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individual responsibility in such a clear cut case? What harm does it do to anyone else to allow fellow human beings in pain to find the relief they need?" He is also the cosponsor of the

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Americans believe that cannabis has a positive effect on people and 45% say that it has a negative effect. Meanwhile, 71% of Americans believe that alcohol has a negative effect on people.

431:, which extended to the use of cannabis in one's home. In May 1975 the state Supreme Court agreed, legalizing the use, possession, and cultivation of cannabis in amounts for personal use. 11154: 11128: 10395: 10343: 2789: 6280: 1409:

ethnicities. For example, while Blacks and Hispanics constitute about 20% of cannabis users in the US, they accounted for 58% of cannabis offenders sentenced under federal law in 1994.

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Loo, M. v., Hoorens, S., Hof, C. v., & Kahan, J. P. (2003). Cannabis policy and social consequences. Cannabis policy, implementation, and outcomes (50-63). Santa Monica, CA: Rand.

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In 2004, a study entitled "The Limited Relevance of Drug Policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco", found strict laws against cannabis use have a low impact on usage rates.

487:, who spoke in favor of decriminalization during his presidential campaign (earning him the support of Stroup and NORML). Carter was urged to speak in support of decriminalization by 4286: 1645:

in Sweden used twelve rats to examine how adolescent use of cannabis affects subsequent use of other illicit drugs. The study gave six of the twelve "teenage" rats a small dose of

903:

by a 321–103 vote. The bill, which seeks to improve access to banks for cannabis businesses, is the first standalone cannabis reform bill approved by either chamber of Congress.

3681: 10994: 10390: 5991: 3397: 869:, to enshrine into law protections that the Cole memo previously provided. Trump confirmed to reporters his intent to sign the STATES Act should it be approved by Congress. 187:'s endorsement of decriminalization in 1972. By the end of the decade the tide had turned in the other direction, however, and no state would decriminalize again until 2001. 10726: 342:

for first-time offenders. Though the act still imposed significant penalties for cannabis (up to a year's imprisonment for possession of small amounts), the change from a

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prohibition has benefits sufficient to justify the cost to taxpayers, foregone tax revenues, and numerous ancillary consequences that result from marijuana prohibition."

589:

In 1990, Alaska voters approved a ballot initiative to recriminalize cannabis, overriding the court decision that legalized cannabis 15 years earlier. Also in 1990, the

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Maier, Shana L.; Mannes, Suzanne; Koppenhofer, Emily L. (May 8, 2017). "The Implications of Marijuana Decriminalization and Legalization on Crime in the United States".

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and a more tolerant view toward cannabis from the White House. The November 1974 election also brought a wave of new Democrats to state legislatures across the country.

319: 8488: 6642: 3629: 888:, an isomer of THC with similar psychoactive effects. Use of delta-8-THC subsequently became popular as an alternative to cannabis in states where cannabis is illegal. 9030: 8915: 8874: 119: 7338: 4626: 837:

After the first states legalized in 2012, uncertainty remained over how the federal government would respond. Seeking to clarify, the Justice Department issued the

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Nutt, David; King, Leslie A; Saulsbury, William; Blakemore, Colin (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse".

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program asking about cannabis and the drug war, he stated "That one is real simple, I would legalize marijuana. You should be able to buy that at a liquor store."

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Comparison of the perceived harm for various psychoactive drugs from a poll among medical psychiatrists specialized in addiction treatment (David Nutt et al. 2007)

234:

By 1936, the non-medical use of cannabis had been banned in every state. Cannabis was then effectively outlawed at the federal level, following the passage of the

5241: 3732: 2050:, has been an advocate of cannabis legalization. During Kucinich's 2004 presidential campaign, the following was posted on Kucinich's official campaign web site. 1197:

said that on September 7, 2010, the beer lobby donated $ 10,000 to Public Safety First, a group which opposed the passage of Proposition 19 to legalize cannabis.

10557: 9175: 4652: 4155: 3975:"U.S. Representative Beto O'Rourke Leads Bipartisan Bill that Repeals Federal Transportation Law Requiring States to Suspend Driver's Licenses for Drug Offenses" 3974: 3578:"When the Smoke Clears | For nearly eight years Alaska has been the only state where the use of marijuana is legal. it's time to take a look at the consequences" 1420:

Tough marijuana policies have also resulted in the disproportionate mass deportation of over 250,000 legal immigrants in the United States. In a 93-page report,

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have indicated it to be a "huge success". Drug use rates in Portugal were found to be dramatically lower than the United States with decriminalization enacted.

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was involved) including the simple possession of cannabis. As of 2021 only three states (Alabama, Arkansas, and Florida) continue to have such laws in effect.

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In 1988, Michael Aldrich and Tod Mikuriya published "Savings in California Marijuana Law Enforcement Costs Attributable to the Moscone Act of 1976" in the

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Other arguments point out that the funds saved from cannabis decriminalization could be used to enforce laws for other, more serious and violent crimes.

6310: 6226: 5189: 5148: 491:, an Atlanta physician who grew close to Carter during his time as Georgia governor. Upon being elected president, Carter gave Bourne an office in the 190:

Efforts to legalize cannabis included a number of ballot initiatives leading up to 2012, but none succeeded. In 2012, success was finally achieved when

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accidents, with employees who tested positive for cannabis being 55% more likely to get in an accident, and 85% more likely to get injured on the job.

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citing the fact that African Americans are no more likely than other Americans to use marijuana but are far more likely to be arrested for possession.

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Davis, Joshua Clark (June 26, 2015). "The business of getting high: head shops, countercultural capitalism, and the marijuana legalization movement".

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saved almost one billion dollars in a twelve-year period between 1976 and 1988, as a result of the Moscone Act of 1976 that decriminalized cannabis.

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drug policy, which Stroup helped draft. Included in the paper was a call for up to one ounce of cannabis to be decriminalized at the federal level.

8839: 5163: 4494: 3204: 2064: 1176:, argue that fully decriminalizing cannabis would largely decrease financial gains earned by gangs in black market cannabis sales and trafficking. 702: 7591: 687:(2021). As of 2023 seven states have decriminalization policies in effect, and an additional 19 states have decriminalized that later legalized. 10373: 5318: 4156:"San Francisco Board of Supervisors Vote Overwhelmingly to Deprioritize Adult Marijuana Offenses; Now Officially Lowest Law Enforcement Priority" 2653: 1749: 1708:

entitled "Substance Abuse Policy from a Crime-Control Perspective" found the "high" from cannabis is unlikely to trigger violence and concluded:

994: 4468: 4390: 4001:"Nevada Defelonizes Pot Possession -- State Eliminates Jail, Criminal Record for Minor Offenders; Legalizes Medical Marijuana for Seriously Ill" 3371: 1673:. The study concluded adolescents who used cannabis prior to using other drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, were no more likely to develop a 1588:

also alcohol and tobacco cigarettes. The obvious statistic not publicized by CASA is that most marijuana users — 83 percent — never use cocaine.

11266: 11144: 10574: 10273: 2804: 2779: 2102: 1376: 911: 574:

changes to organizational leadership. In 1985 part of NORML was split off to found the Drug Policy Foundation, which was then merged with the

112: 9149: 7368: 6804: 6288: 5359:

Felson, Jacob; Adamczyk, Amy; Thomas, Christopher (February 2019). "How and why have attitudes about cannabis legalization changed so much?".

359:) to study the effects of cannabis use. President Nixon appointed nine of the commission's 13 members, including former Pennsylvania governor 7473:

Stone, Dave (August 2014). "Cannabis, pesticides and conflicting laws: The dilemma for legalized States and implications for public health".

6723:"Going Dutch: Teen Marijuana Use in the US vs. Netherlands — the Full Interview with Cal Professor Robert MacCoun | Legalization Nation" 1514:(insecticide): Developmental and reproductive toxin, a possible carcinogen; Not allowed in CO or WA, but found on tested samples in CO and OR 1462: 75:

Reflects laws of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.

6928: 1973:, which made cannabis the lowest priority for city law enforcement. The measure requests the Santa Cruz City Clerk send letters annually to 1662:, claimed because the rats were given THC at the young age of 28 days, it is impossible to extrapolate the results of this study to humans. 238:. Cannabis remained mostly an underground drug until the 1960s, when it found widespread popularity among large numbers of young people and 10891: 9830: 9800: 2660: 2141: 1341:

is a billionaire hedge fund manager that has spent over $ 25 million on marijuana reform efforts. In 2010 Soros wrote an op-ed in the

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An Archaeology of Marijuana How did cannabis, a plant humans have been using for more than 10,000 years, become so vilified in the U.S.?

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of alcohol. Some of the main reasons for this substitute were 'less withdrawal', 'fewer side-effects' and 'better symptom management'.

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A complete list of pesticides allowed for use on cannabis in Colorado approved by the Colorado Department of Agriculture is available

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Some people are in favor of decriminalization and legalization of marijuana simply for the moral stance that individuals' freedom for

1225: 11271: 10742: 8428: 4520: 2784: 1186: 310:. Eventually Amorphia was merged into NORML as it ran into financial difficulties, becoming the California chapter of NORML in 1974. 242:, and was used commonly at protests against the Vietnam War. Cannabis was officially banned for any use with the passage of the 1970 105: 8345: 6669: 5995: 5754: 4233: 1713:

alcohol rather than a complement to it since drinking seems to have a greater tendency to unleash aggression than does cannabis use.

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By 1971, two main groups supporting cannabis reform had emerged – Amorphia based in San Francisco (founded by Blair Newman) and the

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laid out the ways by which the new marijuana industry has been rigged to favor the interests of big business entrepreneurs such as

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Warren, Gina (September 24, 2014). "Regulating Pot to Save the Polar Bear: Energy and Climate Impacts of the Marijuana Industry".

5902: 3630:"30 Years Later Madison Voters Passed A Law In April 1977 That Permits Possession Of Small Amounts Of Marijuana In Private Places" 1935:, a well-known Canadian activist, has supported cannabis activism in the U.S. among other countries by donating money earned from 11164: 10378: 2912: 2134: 2079: 2025: 1990: 1978: 1576: 1568: 7445: 7133:"New England NAACP says African-Americans in U.S. are arrested on marijuana charges at more than three times the rate of whites" 5814: 4934: 4312: 4182: 231:. As its use spread north of the border, cannabis became stigmatized due to strong anti-Mexican sentiments that had taken hold. 11251: 10543: 10180: 10092: 10007: 8315: 8193: 5286: 4546: 4260: 3841: 2098: 2039: 1827: 1392:"Marihuana influences Negroes to look at white people in the eye, step on white men's shadows and look at a white woman twice." 1375:

The NAACP has taken a similar stance and has cited the same data used by the ACLU. The NAACP has been strong supporters of the

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at the federal level. An unintended consequence of the bill was that it also legalized at the federal level the production of

355:

An additional requirement of the Controlled Substances Act was the establishment of a federal commission (formally titled the

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not increase violent crime, but that a 2.4% reduction in homicide and assault was found for each year the law was in effect.

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To effectively campaign to legalize recreational cannabis use, millions of dollars have been spent to lobby for this reform.

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U.S. attitudes toward legalization and decriminalization started dramatically liberalizing in the 1990s, and a 2018 study in

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in an interview. "Does that mean they should do it? Not necessarily, not any more than somebody should smoke or drink or eat

227:

cannabis began to emerge in the early 20th century, introduced to the U.S. by Mexicans fleeing the dictatorship of President

9061: 8866: 6252: 4103: 3950:"Reinstating Common Sense: How driver's license suspensions for drug offenses unrelated to driving are falling out of favor" 10248: 10134: 8711: 7812: 7508: 7207: 5123: 4908: 2253: 1701:(DEA) has claimed that cannabis leads to increased crime in the pamphlet entitled "Speaking Out Against Drug Legalization" 8795: 8089: 5416: 3253: 1583:

by John Morgan and Lynn Zimmer entitled "Marijuana's Gateway Myth", claims CASA's statistic is false. The article states:

1523: 10253: 10032: 9937: 8969:"The ultimate guide to cannabis legalization in New York: The key dates to know, and which stocks could benefit the most" 7534: 6558: 6176: 1900: 1880: 1173: 534:

products for sale (some of which resembled children's toys). The movement sprang out of Atlanta in 1976, as a number of

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became the first state to decriminalize cannabis in 1973. Ten more states followed by the end of 1978, influenced by the

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Board of Supervisors voted 4–1 to send a letter in support of the legalization, regulation, and taxation of cannabis to

10489: 10077: 9997: 9305: 9272: 6172: 4364: 3655: 3534: 3179: 3096: 3060: 1271: 247: 218:

to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act was passed by the U.S. House but was not voted on by the Senate.

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has generally not enforced federal law in states that have legalized recreational cannabis, however. In December 2020,

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sets reasonable boundaries for marijuana use by establishing guidelines similar to those already in place for alcohol.

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strongly embraced the cause. In the span of a few years the movement to decriminalize had effectively been quashed.

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could save an average of $ 11.3 billion per year on courts, police, prison guards, and other related expenses.

11048: 10600: 10002: 9794: 9426: 8121:"Predictors of Marijuana Use in Adolescents Before and After Licit Drug Use: Examination of the Gateway Hypothesis" 6227:"Is Marijuana an 'Exit Drug'? Study Suggests Some Are Taking It as a Substitute for Prescription Drugs and Alcohol" 3332:

Courtwright, David T. (2004). "The Controlled Substances Act: how a "big tent" reform became a punitive drug law".

2964: 1876: 1685: 1666: 1572: 1194: 1141: 623:(2006). In the years that followed reform efforts continued to gain steam, with decriminalization laws passing in 590: 374: 7560: 2859: 1447: 10479: 10218: 10042: 9972: 9702: 8319: 8256:

Morris, Robert G.; TenEyck, Michael; Barnes, J. C.; Kovandzic, Tomislav V.; Keating, Joseph A. (March 26, 2014).

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From the Frontlines to the Bottom Line: Medical Marijuana, the War on Drugs, and the Drug Policy Reform Movement

1788:. The report found there was no available evidence cannabis use would increase if cannabis were decriminalized. 1484:(fungicide): Developmental and reproductive toxin; Not allowed in WA or CO, found on tested samples in CO and OR 10876: 10618: 10185: 10124: 2297: 2189: 2174: 2090: 1670: 1508:(insecticide): Developmental and reproductive toxin: not allowed in CO or WA, but found on tested samples in CO 1413: 1299: 1056: 958: 8817: 8766: 4678: 1649:, reportedly equivalent to one joint smoked by a human, every three days. The rats were allowed to administer 11149: 10566: 10228: 9910: 9895: 9825: 9815: 9661: 9651: 9386: 6317: 4697: 3907: 2319: 2275: 1835: 1785: 1086: 1047:

In 2005, more than 530 distinguished economists called for the legalization of cannabis in an open letter to

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Tarter, Ralph E.; Vanyukov, Michael; Kirisci, Levent; Reynolds, Maureen; Clark, Duncan B. (December 2006).

5845:"Savings in California Marijuana Law Enforcement Costs Attributable to the Moscone Act of 1976 - A Summary" 2487: 2240: 1982: 1575:(NIDA) and the White House Office of Drug Control Policy launched a campaign against cannabis use citing a 1258: 885: 873: 818: 150: 97: 9718: 7155: 6591: 6028: 1765:

reduce cannabis possession of 28.35 grams (one ounce) or less for adults age 21 and over to a civil fine.

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reduce cannabis possession of one ounce or less for adults age 21 and over to a civil fine. In 2001, the

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After Nebraska decriminalized cannabis in 1978, no other state would follow for over two decades, until

93: 11197: 11098: 11073: 11027: 10368: 9406: 9401: 7184: 7034: 5638:"Study: Legal marijuana could generate more than 132 billion in federal tax revenue and 1 million jobs" 3483: 2211: 1994: 1526:, and for Washington State, as approved by the Washington State Department of Agriculture is available 1279:

further be reduced again to below 700,000 inmates and save the taxpayers billions of dollars per year.

484: 8738: 6647:

Decriminalizing Pot Will Reduce Prison Population, Have No Adverse Impact On Public Safety, Study Says

6514:

Hall, Wayne; Degenhardt, Louisa (October 2009). "Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use".

5549: 4261:"Vermont Marijuana Decriminalization Signed Into Law, Reduces Penalties For Possession Up To An Ounce" 1527: 11022: 10979: 10949: 10806: 10594: 10589: 10278: 10012: 9835: 5797: 2304: 1937: 1904: 1275:

propose that it would also save taxpayers the cost of incarceration for these non-violent offenders.

386: 327: 243: 235: 207: 7925:"RAND Study Casts Doubt on Claims that Marijuana Acts as "Gateway" to the Use of Cocaine and Heroin" 5673: 5314: 5058:"Analysis: Breaking Down Congress's Vote To Protect Legal Marijuana States From Federal Enforcement" 4026: 3577: 842:

where such activity had been legalized. The Cole memo was only a non-binding set of guidelines for

198:

became the first two states to legalize. In 2014 and 2016 several more states followed, and in 2018

11169: 11123: 11032: 10969: 10964: 10954: 10861: 10484: 10348: 10283: 10087: 10057: 9890: 9475: 9437: 8120: 7902: 6812: 6203: 4722: 2715: 2618: 2423: 1892: 786: 583: 524: 146: 6979:"ArcView Angel Investors Commit Over $ 1 Million to Marijuana Industry Start-ups at Seattle Event" 1400:

said the following to author Dan Baum in an interview regarding the politics of drug prohibition:

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of advocacy than other cannabis reform groups (such as Amorphia) more closely associated with the

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Shortly after Alaska decriminalized in 1975, a ruling by the Supreme Court of Alaska in the case

9277: 7873: 7233: 7009: 5935: 3524: 10841: 10836: 10771: 10678: 10428: 10420: 10383: 10233: 10072: 9858: 9810: 9778: 9751: 9731: 9583: 9442: 9351: 9298: 9153: 8943:"Montana Governor Signs Legislation to Implement Marijuana Legalization, Begin Sales Next Year" 2560: 2516: 2282: 1966: 1674: 1477:

The following six pesticides are considered highly toxic but commonly used on marijuana crops:

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described the effects of stringent marijuana and other drug policies on US immigrant families.

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to obey the Constitution. "It's a matter of individual freedom of choice", said ACLU President

843: 505: 252: 8739:"Ron DeSantis says he 'would not legalize' marijuana amid worries about 'kids' and 'fentanyl'" 7708:"High Time for Conservation: Adding the Environment to the Debate on Marijuana Liberalization" 7691: 5720: 5696: 3809: 3313: 857:

The Cole memo remained in effect until January 2018 when it was rescinded by Attorney General

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was assassinated a few weeks later, however, and the initiative was subsequently disregarded.

11088: 11078: 11007: 10939: 10816: 10630: 10243: 9932: 9788: 9783: 9544: 9539: 9511: 9490: 9410: 9261: 8998: 8685: 7898: 5083:"SAFE Banking Act Passes U.S. House of Representatives with Overwhelming, Bipartisan Support" 4600: 3428:"Nixon Tapes Show Roots of Marijuana Prohibition: Misinformation, Culture Wars and Prejudice" 2722: 2361: 2233: 2071: 1819: 1769: 1665:

In December 2006, a 12-year gateway drug hypothesis study on 214 boys from ages 10–12 by the

1605: 1265: 290:. Similar groups advocating for legalization formed across the country in the ensuing years. 134: 8941: 7419: 1601:

reduce cannabis possession of one ounce or less for adults age 21 and over to a civil fine.

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and attached to the CJS appropriations bill for fiscal year 2020, passed by a 267–165 vote.

11235: 11017: 10959: 10934: 10919: 10871: 10846: 10821: 10811: 10801: 10791: 10786: 10776: 10718: 10238: 10047: 9880: 9726: 9688: 9656: 9396: 9391: 8269: 7963: 7956:"Dutch drug policies do not increase marijuana use, first rigorous comparative study finds" 7395:"People of color made up 94% of marijuana arrests by NYPD in 2020, data and Legal Aid says" 7156:"Bipartisan Marijuana Bill Appears To Have One More Big Supporter In Its Corner: The NAACP" 5818: 2700: 2680: 2638: 2600: 2538: 2450: 2408: 2196: 2068: 2021: 1888: 1658:

on rat's brain and thus causes them to use more heroin. Paul Armentano, policy analyst for

1646: 1642: 881: 579: 287: 8258:"The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data, 1990-2006" 4801:"House Members Reauthorize Measure Protecting State Sanctioned Medical Marijuana Programs" 8: 11093: 11058: 10924: 10914: 10866: 10826: 10766: 10466: 10330: 10027: 9942: 9853: 9770: 9516: 9325: 9003: 8378: 8353: 7838: 7561:"Marijuana occupational safety and health -- Department of Public Health and Environment" 7063: 6978: 5969: 5964: 4078:"Seattle Voters Approve Initiative Making Marijuana Enforcement City's "Lowest Priority"" 2494: 2472: 2368: 1961: 1309: 1220: 652: 612: 458: 8273: 6063: 4573:"John Bel Edwards signs bill decriminalizing marijuana, says it's not decriminalization" 11179: 11068: 11002: 10929: 10856: 10831: 10761: 9957: 9905: 9695: 9371: 9232: 8292: 8257: 8014: 7989: 7732: 7707: 7644: 7617: 7252: 6786: 6539: 6451: 6426: 6370: 6257: 5909: 5844: 5735:"Legal Weed, Broken Promises: A Times series on the fallout of legal pot in California" 5456: 5431: 5384: 3321:, National Governors' Conference Center for Policy Research and Analysis, November 1977 2326: 2260: 2218: 1823: 1757:

indicated fear of arrest and prosecution or unavailability as factors preventing use."

1499: 1421: 710: 531: 518: 477: 462: 191: 9268: 8514: 7786: 7668: 6620: 6527: 6358: 6089: 5618: 11083: 11053: 10796: 10710: 10694: 10524: 10436: 10412: 10107: 9900: 9291: 9236: 8890:"Things are changing and things are good': Adult-use cannabis sales start in Vermont" 8767:"Conversation with the Candidate: Nikki Haley calls for cognitive test for president" 8635: 8628: 8323: 8297: 8201: 8140: 8019: 7846: 7763: 7737: 7687: 7649: 7490: 6790: 6566: 6531: 6456: 6394: 6362: 5822: 5739: 5716: 5530: 5484: 5461: 5376: 5372: 3949: 3901: 3530: 3349: 3345: 3270: 3175: 3119: 3092: 3056: 2757: 2346: 2106: 1815: 1705: 575: 360: 356: 184: 163:

refers to a policy of reduced penalties for cannabis offenses, typically involving a

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Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana – Medical, Recreational, and Scientific

11063: 10974: 10881: 10851: 10642: 9845: 9805: 9644: 9639: 9589: 9470: 9432: 9422: 9222: 9214: 9071: 9038: 8743: 8400: 8287: 8277: 8132: 8009: 8001: 7755: 7727: 7719: 7639: 7629: 7482: 7446:"A Tale of Two Countries: Racially Targeted Arrests in the Era of Marijuana Reform" 6778: 6747: 6523: 6446: 6438: 6374: 6354: 6115: 5708: 5526: 5522: 5451: 5443: 5368: 4909:"Senators File Marijuana Bill Following Trump Pledge To Respect State Legalization" 3341: 2835:

Illinois and Washington state only allow cultivation for medical cannabis patients.

2742: 2430: 2083: 1864: 1726: 1557: 900: 798: 734: 640: 443: 428: 154: 9255: 9218: 8548: 7990:"The Limited Relevance of Drug Policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco" 7932: 7110: 5242:"House passes marijuana legalization bill (again), but with no clear path forward" 5164:"Marijuana Legalization Bill Approved By Congressional Committee In Historic Vote" 1286: 709:

In 2012, success was finally achieved for legalization advocates in the states of

228: 11211: 10612: 10511: 10213: 9756: 9622: 9378: 9364: 9330: 8282: 8194:"Fact 9: Europe's More Liberal Drug Policies Are Not the Right Model for America" 8136: 6388: 5775: 5447: 3923:"States Reconsider Driver's License Suspensions for People With Drug Convictions" 3113: 2035: 1916: 1810: 1397: 1321: 1243: 1060: 999: 893: 838: 276: 138: 10535: 9093:"Governor Lamont Signs Bill Legalizing and Safely Regulating Adult-Use Cannabis" 8468:

The Legal Marijuana Industry Is Rigged | Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj | Netflix

7486: 6700:"Portugal's Drug Experience: New Study Confirms Decriminalization Was a Success" 5656: 5601: 4961:"A loophole in federal marijuana law has led to the creation of new THC product" 1677:

than subjects in the study who did not use cannabis prior to using other drugs.

1502:(fungicide): Carcinogen; Not allowed in WA or CO, found on tested samples in CO. 1450:

have published valuable state guides with state regulations and best practices.

525:

Parent revolution, Reagan years, and recriminalization (late 1970s through '80s)

269:

The movement to legalize cannabis in the U.S. was sparked by the 1964 arrest of

29: 10686: 9504: 8097: 6422: 4776:"House passes bill to prevent DOJ from interfering in states' medical pot laws" 3427: 2075: 1970: 1912: 1777: 1466:

smoke or consume marijuana, as well as those who work at the grow operations."

1325: 1235: 1048: 718: 471: 447: 422: 283: 8663: 8597: 8575: 8466: 8231: 3882:"Reefer sanity: States abandon driver's license suspensions for drug offenses" 1768:

In 1999, a study by the Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health at the

1604:

In 1999, a study by the Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health at the

513:

illegal prescription writing and drug use, Bourne resigned from his position.

11245: 9574: 8170: 6782: 6570: 6475:"Marijuana smoke not as damaging to lungs as cigarette smoke, study suggests" 6427:"Association Between Marijuana Exposure and Pulmonary Function Over 20 Years" 5149:"House Judiciary Passes MORE Act to Decriminalize Marijuana at Federal Level" 3604:"Sorting out the confusion over local marijuana laws, Ann Arbor's experience" 3288: 2117: 1745: 1078:

The report also projected the tax revenues from decriminalization, by state.

1003: 990: 858: 750: 664: 624: 620: 535: 466: 326:. Known mainly for its drug scheduling provision (contained in Title II, the 313: 164: 9278:

High in America -- The True Story Behind NORML and the Politics of Marijuana

7723: 7369:"A Price Too High: US families Torn Apart by Deportations for Drug Offenses" 5712: 4980:"Congress Votes To Block Feds From Enforcing Marijuana Laws In Legal States" 2913:"Marijuana Decriminalization Versus Legalization: A Difference That Matters" 1519:

tested on marijuana in Denver has at times reached 23.83 parts per million.

10312: 10102: 10037: 9632: 9554: 9123:"Surprise! Recreational marijuana sales become legal in Missouri on Friday" 9066: 8301: 8144: 8023: 7741: 7653: 7494: 6535: 6460: 6442: 6366: 5534: 5465: 5380: 3353: 3242: 3197:"Cannabis Was Legal Federally From 1969 To 1970 Because Of This Court Case" 2823: 2086: 1928: 1860: 1856: 1781: 1481: 1338: 866: 814: 722: 672: 632: 544: 488: 298: 85: 8005: 7634: 6846:"An Inside Look At The Biggest Drug Reformer In The Country: George Soros" 6144: 4417:"Rauner reduces punishment for minor pot possession from jail to citation" 3526:

High In America: The True Story Behind NORML And The Politics Of Marijuana

1266:

Reduction in prison overcrowding and strain on the criminal justice system

1117:

entitled "Marijuana Production in the United States" was published in the

9914: 9746: 8983: 6903:"Billionaire Peter Lewis, Advocate Of Marijuana Legalization, Dies At 80" 5619:"Cost of Marijuana Prohibition on the California Criminal Justice System" 2094: 2017: 1945: 1920: 1784:

entitled "Evaluating alternative cannabis regimes", was published in the

1762: 1598: 1114: 1064: 810: 628: 439: 339: 331: 302: 89: 9109:

Retail sales of cannabis aim to begin in Connecticut by the end of 2022.

8840:"Robert DuPont: Why We Should Not Legalize Marijuana, CNBS, 20 Apr 2010" 5992:"Welfare Caseloads Total recipients (per capita) (most recent) by state" 5432:"Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana" 3267:

It's NORML to Smoke Pot: The 40 Year Fight for Marijuana Smokers' Rights

3141:"80 Years Ago This Week, Marijuana Prohibition Began With These Arrests" 1059:, and state legislatures. The endorsers included conservative economist 206:

At the federal level, cannabis remains prohibited for any use under the

11223: 10624: 9921: 9569: 9534: 6929:"Marijuana Advocates Spend Big and Defeat Drug War Proponent in Oregon" 3484:"Getting NORML | A brief history of the movement to legalize marijuana" 3274: 1986: 1974: 1957: 1949: 1932: 1924: 1908: 1511: 1505: 1493: 1252: 1137: 1091: 961: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 862: 852:

Commerce, Justice, and Science appropriations bill for fiscal year 2016

806: 766: 738: 696: 668: 410: 9227: 8090:"Marijuana Use Per Se Not a 'Gateway' To Illicit Drug Use, Study Says" 7592:"Concern Grows Over Unregulated Pesticide Use Among Marijuana Growers" 6643:"Unlocking America: Why and How to Reduce America's Prison Population" 6621:"Marijuana Arrests at All-Time High, Far Exceed Violent Crime Arrests" 6311:"Effective Arguments for Advocates of Taxing and Regulating Marijuana" 6281:"Beer Lobby Gives $ 10,000 To 'No' On Proposition 19 Pot Legalization" 5772:"Budgetary Implications of Marijuana Prohibition in the United States" 5755:"L.A. Times Investigates California's Marijuana Legalization Disaster" 1907:. There are also many individual American cannabis activists, such as 1496:(insecticide): Carcinogen, cholinesterase inhibitor; not allowed in WA 530:

driven by a spike in adolescent drug use and the wide availability of

457:

During the 1970s various cities also decriminalized cannabis, such as

9967: 9952: 9947: 9868: 9559: 9549: 8867:"Governor signs Amendment 64, marijuana officially legal in Colorado" 6421:

Pletcher, Mark J.; Vittinghoff, Eric; Kalhan, Ravi; Richman, Joshua;

5216:"House Approves Federal Marijuana Legalization Bill In Historic Vote" 4857:"Sessions announces end to policy that allowed legal pot to flourish" 1981:

representatives advocating reform of cannabis laws. On June 5, 2007,

1960:

had been advocating cannabis decriminalization. On November 3, 2004,

1487: 1200: 919: 826: 684: 492: 435: 335: 11218: 8656:"Part 2 - Mike Gravel - The Issues that Matter - Washington Journal" 8166:"Risk of Marijuana's 'Gateway Effect' Overblown, New Research Shows" 7988:

Reinarman, Craig; Cohen, Peter D. A.; Kaal, Hendrien L. (May 2004).

5965:"UNODC Makes the Case for Ending Cannabis Prohibition—Inadvertently" 4935:"Trump Supports Relaxing Federal Pot Laws, In Blow To Jeff Sessions" 4521:"Hawaii Marijuana Decriminalization Will Take Effect, Governor Says" 4053:"States Where Marijuana Is Legalized, Decriminalized or Medicalized" 2790:

List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use

1761:

those states with the most severe penalties." The study recommended

1616:

investigating whether cannabis use results in the subsequent use of

936: 725:. In subsequent years, cannabis was legalized by ballot measure in 478:

Carter administration and resignation of Peter Bourne (1976 to 1978)

10444: 10112: 9962: 9676: 9564: 9357: 9314: 8948: 8547:. Santa Cruz Citizens for Sensible Marijuana Policy. Archived from 6951: 6149: 5815:"Report and Recommendations: Governor's Drug Policy Advisory Group" 5345: 4338:"Missouri Becomes 19th State To Decriminalize Marijuana Possession" 4234:"Rhode Island: Marijuana Decriminalization Measure Signed Into Law" 2000: 1722: 1438: 822: 802: 794: 774: 770: 754: 714: 680: 660: 656: 648: 644: 501: 451: 406: 195: 7535:"Growing Worker Safety Concerns in the Medical Marijuana Industry" 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 6425:; Sidney, Stephen; Lin, Feng; Kertesz, Stefan (January 11, 2012). 6116:"California Northern and Eastern Districts Drug Threat Assessment" 582:

in 2000. Members of NORML further split off in 1995 to found the

9671: 8659: 8601: 7874:"Connecticut Law Revision Commission Drug Policy Report - Part 1" 7704: 7279:"Report: Aide says Nixon's war on drugs targeted blacks, hippies" 6674:

Legalizing marijuana can reduce crime, increase revenue for state

5637: 5085:(Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. September 25, 2019. 3172:

Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics

2130:

United States jurisdictions with legalized recreational cannabis

1846: 1842: 1617: 1305: 1239: 899:

On September 25, 2019, the House of Representatives approved the

782: 762: 758: 636: 608: 597: 509: 199: 11206: 10506: 8222: 6420: 5680:, Stephen E. Nash, October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020. 5655:

Davis, Carl; Hill, Misha; Phillips, Richard (January 23, 2019).

5151:(Press release). Washington, D.C.: house.gov. November 20, 2019. 1363:

and a pro-legalization PAC run by the Marijuana Policy Project.

1163: 690: 367: 264: 96:, which have been legal at federal level since enactment of the 10396:

List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use

9666: 8818:"WGBH educational foundation. Interview with Dr. Robert Dupont" 7509:"Study: Cannabis Workers Value Safety but Lack Formal Training" 7049: 6872:"George Soros gives $ 1m to California's pro-cannabis campaign" 5903:"The Economic Implications of Marijuana Legalization in Alaska" 3053:

Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America

2029: 1655: 1650: 1621: 1287:

Success of progressive drug policies adopted in other countries

1106: 742: 730: 726: 676: 616: 603: 398: 394: 381: 343: 239: 180: 10391:

List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use

7616:

Sullivan, Nicholas; Elzinga, Sytze; Raber, Jeffrey C. (2013).

5417:"Most in U.S. Say Alcohol Adversely Affects Drinkers, Society" 1684:

examined survey data from 1,286 young adults who had attended

18:

Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States

10052: 9627: 9418: 9414: 8541:"Measure K - Lowest Law Enforcement Priority Initiative: FAQ" 8118: 6827:"Barney Frank, Ron Paul Pressure Obama on New Marijuana Laws" 5190:"House of Representatives passes marijuana legalization bill" 4547:"Virginia Governor Approves Marijuana Decriminalization Bill" 4209:"Connecticut: Marijuana Decriminalization Measure Is Now Law" 3856:"States Are Pressed to Suspend Driver Licenses of Drug Users" 3837:"Possess a Joint, Lose Your License": July 1995 Status Report 3247:(Thesis). UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1944:

In 1997, the Connecticut Law Revision Commission recommended

1896: 1442: 1308:

became the first country in the world to completely legalize

908:

Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act

865:

was introduced in Congress after consultation with President

746: 402: 250:'s overturning of the Marihuana Tax Act in 1969 (in the case 10727:

Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration

8255: 5509:

Maule, W. J. (January 4, 2016). "Medical uses of marijuana (

4469:"New Mexico Governor Signs Marijuana Decriminalization Bill" 3656:"SF's Dianne Feinstein: 'Worst Senator on Marijuana Reform'" 282:

Among those in attendance at the first LEMAR rally was poet

9683: 9526: 9335: 9283: 8870: 8515:"Measure Z: Marijuana Law Enforcement - Alameda County, CA" 8449:"7 Things That Could Totally Kill Weed Legalization's Buzz" 7928: 6250: 5697:"Taxation and Market Power in the Legal Marijuana Industry" 4653:"South Dakota Supreme Court weighs pot legalization battle" 4627:"South Dakota judge rejects amendment legalizing marijuana" 2043: 2012:

Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008

1613: 1152: 1148: 877: 790: 778: 414: 142: 81: 9031:"New Mexico launches cannabis sales, within Texans' reach" 8796:"Faith leaders wrestle over growing support for marijuana" 6344: 5871:"Rethinking the Consequences of Decriminalizing Marijuana" 5124:"Breaking Down Congress's Historic Marijuana Banking Vote" 5031:"All Information (Except Text) for H.Amdt.398 to H.R.3055" 4827:"All Information (Except Text) for H.Amdt.334 to H.R.2578" 4104:"Voters Nationwide Embrace Marijuana Law Reform Proposals" 3810:"Alaska Voters Approve Measure To Recriminalize Marijuana" 3398:"Once-Secret "Nixon Tapes" Show Why the U.S. Outlawed Pot" 1329:

but still want to protect the freedom of others to do so.

1017: 314:

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (1970)

9034: 8712:"RFK Jr. urges marijuana legalization 'to end addiction'" 8349: 8225:"Substance Abuse Policy from a Crime-Control Perspective" 6016: 5287:"Could Pot Be Decriminalized Before Biden Leaves Office?" 4287:"Washington mayor signs marijuana decriminalization bill" 2752: 2747: 2727: 2710: 2705: 2685: 2665: 2648: 2643: 2628: 2623: 2605: 2590: 2585: 2570: 2565: 2548: 2543: 2526: 2521: 2504: 2499: 2482: 2477: 2460: 2455: 2435: 2418: 2413: 2398: 2393: 2378: 2373: 2356: 2351: 2336: 2331: 2314: 2309: 2292: 2287: 2270: 2265: 2245: 2228: 2223: 2206: 2201: 2184: 2179: 2074:

has supported legalizing marijuana as a method to combat

846:, however, and therefore did not carry the force of law. 434:

In the following years, decriminalization laws passed in

10661:

Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act

10472:

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry

9251: 8686:"Newsbrief: Campaign Watch -- Kucinich Says Legalize It" 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 5098:"House Approves Marijuana Banking Bill In Historic Vote" 5006:"House Resoundingly Approves Broad Marijuana Federalism" 1551: 1298:

Teenage use of marijuana in the Netherlands where it is

157:) and decriminalized in 7 states, as of November 2023. 9062:"New Mexico launches cannabis sales on Texas' doorstep" 8865:

Holden, Will C.; Hendrick, Thomas (December 10, 2012).

7876:. Connecticut Law Revision Commission. January 21, 1997 7618:"Determination of Pesticide Residues in Cannabis Smoke" 7035:"Billions of Dollars Wasted on Racially Biased Arrests" 6693: 6691: 4698:"New York Has Legalized Marijuana. Here's What to Know" 2939:"History of Marijuana as Medicine - 2900 BC to Present" 2885:"Marijuana Legalization and Decriminalization Overview" 2059:

The issue of marijuana legalization has come up in the

297:(NORML) based in Washington, D.C. NORML was founded by 9176:"Where Ohioans can buy recreational marijuana Tuesday" 9150:"Minnesota Lawmakers Pass Marijuana Legalization Bill" 8916:"First cannabis store opens doors to Saipan community" 6768: 1875:

Several U.S.-based advocate groups seek to modify the

1625:

produced patterns of substance use. The study stated:

1353:

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

1179: 295:

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

11195: 10703:

United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative

8489:"Election 2004: Oakland Marijuana Measure in the Bag" 7669:"Estimated Cost of Production for Legalized Cannabis" 7420:"Texas NORML's Marijuana Possession Report 2017-2021" 6993: 3552:"Irwin Ravin, Alaska marijuana rights activist, dies" 2093:, claiming that marijuana is "killing this country". 2089:, however, said he "would not legalize" marijuana as 385:

resignation in August 1974, however, ushering in the

8793: 7899:"Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base" 7615: 6688: 6676:. The Sundial California State University Northridge 6199:"Legalization Initiative: Marijuana measure opposed" 5403:"Americans Not Convinced Marijuana Benefits Society" 5358: 5268:"Statement from President Biden on Marijuana Reform" 4696:

Ferré-Sadurní, Luis; Closson, Troy (April 1, 2021).

4695: 4443:"NH governor signs marijuana decriminalization bill" 4365:"Pot Possession Decriminalized In US Virgin Islands" 1546: 1324:

should be respected. This view is generally held in

6278: 4855:Gerstein, Josh; Lima, Cristiano (January 4, 2018). 4391:"Marijuana decriminalization bill OK'd in Delaware" 2795:

Marijuana policy of the Donald Trump administration

2775:

Cannabis legislation proposals in the United States

1067:-winners, Dr. George Akerlof and Dr. Vernon Smith. 876:was signed into law, legalizing the cultivation of 320:

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act

11119:List of United States cannabis regulatory agencies 8627: 7987: 6869: 6251:Naggourney, Adam; Lyman, Rick (October 26, 2013). 4750:"The Cole Memo: What Is It and What Does It Mean?" 3315:Marijuana: A Study of State Policies and Penalties 1201:Reduction of subsequent use of other illicit drugs 1031:psychiatric and medical side effects of the drug. 555:State compliance with Solomon–Lautenberg amendment 10565: 10259:1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances 8373: 8371: 7313:"Report: The War on Marijuana in Black and White" 7089:"The War on Marijuana in Black and White: Report" 6748:"The Netherlands Compared With The United States" 5654: 5483:. New York: Nova Science Publishers. p. 27. 1431: 926: 179:During a wave of decriminalization in the 1970s, 11243: 8789: 8787: 8316:"Speaking Out Against Drug Legalization, Fact 6" 7953: 7153: 5694: 5603:Therapeutic Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids 5504: 5502: 5500: 4679:"Washington State's New Cannabis Homegrow Rules" 4130:"Denver Residents Legalize Marijuana Possession" 3888:. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018 3682:"Carter Endorses Decriminalization Of Marijuana" 1879:to decriminalize cannabis. These groups include 1490:(insecticide): Carcinogen; Approved in CO and WA 1140:has saved $ 2.50 for every dollar invested into 221: 9060:Lee, Morgan; Attanasio, Cedar (April 1, 2022). 8507: 5897: 5895: 5319:National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse 4495:"North Dakota quietly decriminalized marijuana" 3450:"How Nixon Destroyed the Evidence on Marijuana" 1750:National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse 1396:Former Nixon aide and Watergate co-conspirator 995:National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse 562: States with compliant suspension policies 357:National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse 10344:Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act 10339:Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US 8864: 8368: 8039:"Why teenagers should steer clear of cannabis" 7091:. American Civil Liberties Union. June 3, 2013 6513: 6224: 6017:Jason Ziedenberg; Rose Braz (April 17, 2006). 5690: 5688: 5686: 5309: 5307: 4883:"Trump To Support Major Marijuana Legislation" 4595: 4593: 4313:"Maryland Decriminalizes Marijuana Possession" 2907: 2905: 2805:Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States 2780:Legal history of cannabis in the United States 901:Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act 598:Second wave of decriminalization begins (2001) 10551: 9299: 9267:Historical polling on cannabis legalization: 8784: 8434:, vol. 146, no. 2867, Aug. 2017, p. 12. EBSCO 7208:"The racist origins of marijuana prohibition" 6843: 6559:"Alcohol 'more harmful than heroin or crack'" 5497: 4850: 4848: 4676: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 2142: 1291:Studies on decriminalization of marijuana in 1214: 1164:Reduction of income earned by organized crime 691:State recreational legalization begins (2012) 368:Decriminalization efforts materialize (1970s) 265:Supporters of reform begin to organize (1964) 113: 9801:Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome 9059: 8352:: Denver. September 20, 2006. Archived from 7029: 7027: 6981:(Press release). Online.wsj.com. May 2, 2013 6949: 6837: 6493:"Marijuana versus Addictive Pharmaceuticals" 5892: 5868: 4854: 4723:"Legal Recreational Marijuana States and DC" 3105: 2105:, insisted that marijuana legalization is a 1794: 1725:found that not only did the legalization of 176:is sometimes used for this purpose as well. 10655:Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act 10224:Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking 8346:"Opponents Take Aim At Marijuana Amendment" 8223:Boyum, David A.; Mark A.R. Kleiman (2001). 7468: 7466: 6926: 6900: 6253:"Few Problems With Cannabis for California" 5936:"Marijuana Production in the United States" 5933: 5683: 5304: 4958: 4590: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3477: 3475: 3331: 2902: 1732: 1469:According to a 2013 study published in the 832: 350: 10558: 10544: 9306: 9292: 7183:. NAACP. November 13, 2013. Archived from 6896: 6894: 6892: 6145:"Nevadans to vote on legalizing marijuana" 6139: 6137: 5766: 5764: 5695:Hollenbeck, Brett; Uetake, Kosuke (2021). 4845: 3840:, Marijuana Policy Project, archived from 3365: 3363: 3240: 3219: 2149: 2135: 1205:The Marijuana Policy Project argues that: 393:be shifted to more harmful drugs (such as 120: 106: 10264:1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking 9226: 8966: 8794:Sarah Pulliam Bailey (February 3, 2014). 8736: 8491:. journalism.berkeley.edu. Archived from 8429:"Public Health and Safety Issues Remain." 8401:"Evaluating alternative cannabis regimes" 8291: 8281: 8013: 7731: 7643: 7633: 7024: 6697: 6450: 6272: 5864: 5862: 5798:"CNN Money: State Marijuana Tax Revenues" 5661:Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy 5575:"7 Potential Health Benefits of Cannabis" 5455: 5315:"Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding" 4741: 4206: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2962: 2864:National Conference of State Legislatures 2785:Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction 1187:Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 977:Learn how and when to remove this message 34:Legality of cannabis in the United States 11262:Cannabis law reform in the United States 11160:Cannabis on American Indian reservations 10607:Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act 10254:1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 8913: 8441: 7983: 7981: 7962:. UC Santa Cruz Currants. Archived from 7666: 7463: 7276: 6340: 6338: 6196: 5616: 5548:MD, Peter Grinspoon (January 15, 2018). 5429: 3522: 3501: 3481: 3472: 3369: 3170:Gerber, Rudolph Joseph (June 30, 2004). 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2124: 2061:2024 United States presidential election 1224: 1126:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 781:(2023), and by an act of legislature in 549: 28: 8939: 8914:Erediano, Emmanuel T. (July 20, 2021). 8877:from the original on November 30, 2020. 7893: 7891: 7868: 7866: 7864: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6889: 6870:Suzanne Goldenberg (October 26, 2010). 6556: 6279:J. Patrick Coolican (October 3, 2013). 6134: 5761: 5478: 4414: 4388: 4362: 4284: 3920: 3756: 3730: 3653: 3523:Anderson, Patrick (February 27, 1981). 3447: 3360: 2065:Independent 2024 presidential candidate 1577:Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse 1453: 1018:Potential medical benefits of marijuana 508:and informing him that Bourne had used 14: 11244: 8887: 8842:. CNBC. April 20, 2010. Archived from 8764: 8608:from the original on November 17, 2021 7781: 7779: 7685: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7475:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 7392: 7205: 6090:"National Drug Threat Assessment 2004" 6064:"National Drug Threat Assessment 2006" 5908:. prohibitioncosts.org. Archived from 5859: 5809: 5807: 5635: 5430:Bostwick, J. Michael (February 2012). 5239: 5213: 5161: 5121: 5095: 5055: 5003: 4977: 4932: 4906: 4880: 4650: 4624: 4570: 4544: 4518: 4466: 4440: 4310: 3627: 3575: 3370:Anderson, Patrick (January 21, 1973). 3264: 3251:from the original on October 19, 2015. 3169: 3158: 3132: 3050: 2854: 2852: 1828:National Cannabis Industry Association 1246:. In fact, in an article published in 1195:California Secretary of State's office 1099:Office of National Drug Control Policy 53: No comprehensive medical program 11267:Drug control law in the United States 10637:Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act 10539: 9331:Recreational and medical applications 9287: 9204: 9120: 8996: 8956:from the original on October 8, 2021. 8574:. Ukiah Daily Journal. Archived from 8569: 8410:. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2001 8062: 8036: 7978: 7754: 7667:Caulkins, Jonathan P. (Summer 2010). 7472: 7181:"NAACP Passes Resolution on HR. 1523" 7154:Chris Gentilviso (November 9, 2013). 6720: 6698:Szalavitz, Maia (November 23, 2010). 6667: 6335: 5515:British Journal of Biomedical Science 5508: 5284: 5265: 4747: 4492: 4183:"Voters approve marijuana law change" 4050: 3947: 3921:Beitsch, Rebecca (January 31, 2017). 3862:. Associated Press. November 16, 1990 3679: 3601: 3549: 3395: 3194: 3138: 3111: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 2975: 2963:Grinspoon, Lester (August 16, 2005), 2800:Medical cannabis in the United States 2716:Legislatively referred ballot measure 2532:Legislatively referred ballot measure 1855:, comedian and political commentator 1704:In 2001, a report by David Boyum and 1552:Subsequent use of other illicit drugs 1463:Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1366: 1315: 1134:University of California, Los Angeles 1038: 9142: 8737:Gancarski, A. G. (August 27, 2023). 8572:"Marijuana legalization letter OK'd" 7888: 7861: 7366: 7250: 6966: 6668:Wolff, Madeline (November 9, 2009). 6225:Paul Armentano (December 26, 2012). 6019:"Saving money and aiding drug users" 5567: 4773: 4625:Groves, Stephen (February 8, 2021). 4601:"History of marijuana on the ballot" 4258: 4180: 4136:. Associated Press. November 2, 2005 3782: 3707:"Drug Abuse Message to the Congress" 3269:. New York: Trans High Corporation. 1680:In September 2010, a study from the 1302:is lower than in the United States. 1270:Supporters of decriminalization and 959:adding citations to reliable sources 930: 301:, an attorney who was introduced to 259: 80:Map does not show state legality of 9011:from the original on April 12, 2021 8999:"Cannabis in NM: How will it work?" 8940:Hutzler, Alexandra (May 19, 2021). 7776: 7579: 7339:"The Drug War and Mass Deportation" 7231: 6952:"The Marijuana Lobby: All Grown Up" 6721:Downs, David (September 22, 2011). 6557:Boseley, Sarah (November 1, 2010). 6177:Law Enforcement Against Prohibition 5962: 5804: 5541: 5481:Medical Marijuana and Marijuana Use 5349:(2007-10-30). Retrieved 2007-11-14. 5122:Jaeger, Kyle (September 30, 2019). 5096:Jaeger, Kyle (September 25, 2019). 4389:Starkey, Jonathan (June 18, 2015). 4363:Armento, Paul (December 22, 2014). 3948:Aiken, Joshua (December 12, 2016). 3482:Sinclair, John (October 27, 2010). 3241:Heddleston, Thomas R. (June 2012). 3086: 2849: 1901:Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis 1881:Law Enforcement Against Prohibition 1569:Partnership for a Drug-Free America 1180:Displacement of alcohol consumption 1174:Law Enforcement Against Prohibition 543:took office in 1981 and first lady 24: 10490:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor 10274:Legal history in the United States 9262:History of marijuana on the ballot 9198: 9121:Neman, Daniel (February 3, 2023). 9097:Connecticut Official State Website 8967:Jesse Lee, Yeji (March 29, 2022). 8634:. Grand Central Publishing. 2008. 8096:. December 7, 2006. Archived from 8063:Smith, Jordan (November 3, 2006). 7931:. December 2, 2002. Archived from 7253:"[Report] Legalize it All" 7064:"Marijuana Arrests By The Numbers" 6481:(Press release). January 11, 2012. 5876:. The JFA Institute (published on 5636:Zezima, Katie (January 10, 2018). 5547: 5285:Black, Lester (October 14, 2022). 5187: 5162:Jaeger, Kyle (November 20, 2019). 4748:Rough, Lisa (September 14, 2017). 4651:Groves, Stephen (April 28, 2021). 3195:White, Hunter J. (June 13, 2018). 3069: 3051:Dufton, Emily (December 5, 2017). 1692: 1272:decarceration in the United States 25: 11288: 11257:Cannabis law in the United States 11155:Politicians who have admitted use 9244: 8379:"Marijuana policy and prevalence" 7994:American Journal of Public Health 7839:"Light Drugs, Heavy Consequences" 6901:Luisa Kroll (November 24, 2013). 6844:Chloe Sorvino (October 2, 2014). 6393:. Saferchoice.org. May 25, 2006. 6120:National Drug Intelligence Center 6094:National Drug Intelligence Center 6068:National Drug Intelligence Center 5869:James Austin (November 2, 2005). 5266:Biden, Joseph (October 6, 2022). 5240:Fertig, Natalie (April 1, 2022). 5214:Jaeger, Kyle (December 4, 2020). 5188:Wu, Nicholas (December 4, 2020). 4415:Monique, Garcia (July 29, 2016). 4051:Bloom, Steve (November 8, 2017). 3757:Shaffer, Ronald (July 21, 1978). 3576:Dunham, Michael (March 1, 1983). 2966:History of Cannabis as a Medicine 2099:Republican presidential candidate 2080:Republican presidential candidate 1885:Students for Sensible Drug Policy 1826:, said he was concerned that the 1636:American Journal of Public Health 1547:Arguments in opposition to reform 11272:Drug policy of the United States 11229: 11217: 11205: 10520: 10519: 10505: 10307:Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020 9795:Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome 9168: 9114: 9085: 9053: 9023: 8990: 8960: 8933: 8907: 8881: 8858: 8832: 8810: 8758: 8730: 8704: 8678: 8648: 8620: 8590: 8563: 8533: 8481: 8459: 8422: 8393: 8338: 8308: 8249: 8216: 8186: 8158: 8112: 8082: 8056: 8030: 7954:Jennifer McNulty (May 3, 2004). 7947: 7917: 7831: 7817:National Institute on Drug Abuse 7805: 7748: 7698: 7679: 7660: 7609: 7553: 7527: 7501: 7438: 7412: 7386: 7360: 7331: 7305: 7296: 7277:LoBianco, Tom (March 24, 2016). 7270: 7244: 7225: 7206:Pagano, Alyssa (March 2, 2018). 7199: 7173: 7147: 7125: 7113:. American Civil Liberties Union 7103: 7081: 7037:. American Civil Liberties Union 7012:. American Civil Liberties Union 6943: 6920: 6863: 6819: 6797: 6762: 6740: 6714: 6661: 6635: 6613: 6584: 6550: 6507: 6485: 6467: 6414: 6381: 6303: 6244: 6218: 6190: 6165: 6108: 6082: 6056: 6053:, Paul Chelsea House Publishers. 6043: 6010: 5984: 5956: 5927: 5837: 5790: 5747: 5727: 5667: 5648: 5629: 5610: 5606:. National Academies Press (US). 5592: 5472: 5373:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.12.011 4677:Daniel Shortt (August 3, 2017). 4311:Reilly, Molly (April 15, 2014). 4207:Armentano, Paul (July 5, 2011). 4181:Abel, David (November 5, 2008). 3733:"A Tarnish on the Acapulco Gold" 3731:Darling, Lynn (March 11, 1978). 3680:Walsh, Edward (August 3, 1977). 3628:Cullen, Sandy (April 10, 2007). 3448:Gardner, Fred (August 5, 2014). 3346:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.012 3118:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1877:drug policy of the United States 1686:Miami-Dade County Public Schools 1667:American Psychiatric Association 1573:National Institute on Drug Abuse 1377:Respect State Marijuana Laws Act 935: 568: States that have opted out 141:is legalized in 24 states (plus 41: Legal for recreational use 11277:Federalism in the United States 10480:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist 8320:Drug Enforcement Administration 8198:Drug Enforcement Administration 7393:Hallum, Mark (March 10, 2021). 6950:Rob Reuteman (April 20, 2010). 5423: 5409: 5395: 5352: 5333: 5278: 5259: 5233: 5207: 5181: 5155: 5141: 5115: 5089: 5075: 5049: 5023: 5004:Sullum, Jacob (June 24, 2019). 4997: 4971: 4959:Rob Mentzer (January 4, 2022). 4952: 4926: 4900: 4874: 4819: 4793: 4767: 4715: 4689: 4670: 4644: 4618: 4564: 4545:Jaeger, Kyle (April 12, 2020). 4538: 4512: 4486: 4460: 4434: 4408: 4382: 4356: 4330: 4304: 4285:Simpson, Ian (March 31, 2014). 4278: 4252: 4226: 4200: 4174: 4148: 4122: 4096: 4070: 4044: 4019: 3993: 3967: 3941: 3914: 3874: 3848: 3828: 3802: 3783:Mann, Peggy (January 6, 1980). 3776: 3750: 3724: 3711:The American Presidency Project 3699: 3673: 3654:Roberts, Chris (July 1, 2015). 3647: 3621: 3595: 3569: 3543: 3441: 3420: 3396:Zeese, Kevin (March 20, 2002). 3389: 3325: 3306: 3281: 3258: 3188: 3139:Glick, Daniel (December 2016). 2829: 2817: 1803: 1739:Drug Enforcement Administration 1699:Drug Enforcement Administration 1170:Drug Enforcement Administration 1147:A 2020 study by researchers at 946:needs additional citations for 11165:Cannabis and the U.S. military 8125:American Journal of Psychiatry 7450:American Civil Liberties Union 7317:American Civil Liberties Union 7068:American Civil Liberties Union 6805:"Regulate Marijuana like Wine" 6592:"MARIAJUANA SMOKING IN PANAMA" 5821:. January 2001. Archived from 5617:Caulkins, Jonathan P. (2010). 5527:10.1080/09674845.2015.11666802 5341:Interview with Nadine Strossen 5056:Jaeger, Kyle (June 24, 2019). 4881:Angell, Tom (April 13, 2018). 4774:Baca, Ricardo (June 3, 2015). 4493:Lopez, German (May 10, 2019). 4441:Wilson, Reid (July 19, 2017). 3550:Burke, Jill (April 12, 2010). 3087:Lee, Martin A. (August 2012). 2956: 2931: 2877: 2091:President of the United States 1671:American Journal of Psychiatry 1432:Occupational health and safety 1382: 927:Arguments in support of reform 918:On October 6, 2022, President 13: 1: 11252:Cannabis in the United States 11150:Congressional Cannabis Caucus 10567:Cannabis in the United States 10229:Effects of legalized cannabis 10181:Adult lifetime use by country 9387:Chemical defenses in Cannabis 9219:10.1080/17541328.2015.1058480 8997:McKay, Dan (April 10, 2021). 8765:Sexton, Adam (May 26, 2023). 8570:Mintz, Katie (June 6, 2007). 7367:Meng, Grace (June 16, 2015). 6528:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61037-0 6390:Safer - Marijuana vs. Alcohol 6359:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4 4978:Angell, Tom (June 20, 2019). 4933:Ferner, Matt (June 8, 2018). 4571:Karlin, Sam (June 15, 2021). 4519:Angell, Tom (June 25, 2019). 4467:Angell, Tom (April 4, 2019). 3759:"Cocaine - Sniffing Incident" 2842: 2028:, responded to a caller on a 1941:magazine and Emeryseeds.com. 1852:Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj 1786:British Journal of Psychiatry 1612:In December 2002, a study by 1087:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 222:Early use and criminalization 10601:Solomon–Lautenberg amendment 10319:German cannabis control bill 9831:Occupational health concerns 9602:The Emperor Wears No Clothes 9313: 9256:local decriminalization laws 8598:"Ron Paul on marijuana laws" 8283:10.1371/journal.pone.0092816 8137:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.12.2134 8037:Vince, Gaia (July 5, 2006). 6927:Zaid Jilani (May 20, 2012). 6623:. Umsl.edu. October 29, 2004 5448:10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.10.003 4907:Angell, Tom (June 6, 2018). 3785:"The Parent War Against Pot" 3435:Common Sense for Drug Policy 2661:United States Virgin Islands 1332: 1259:Mariajuana Smoking in Panama 874:2018 United States farm bill 591:Solomon–Lautenberg amendment 7: 9596:Hemp Industries Association 9500:Religious and spiritual use 8630:The Revolution: A Manifesto 7487:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.015 6197:Ed Vogel (April 11, 2006). 6024:The San Diego Union-Tribune 5479:Johnson, Albert T. (2009). 4259:Wing, Nick (June 6, 2013). 3929:. The Pew Charitable Trusts 3602:Brush, Mark (May 3, 2013). 3334:Drug and Alcohol Dependence 3112:Booth, Martin (June 2005). 2768: 2103:U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. 2048:2008 presidential candidate 2026:2008 presidential candidate 2006:The Revolution: A Manifesto 1870: 1682:University of New Hampshire 1119:Bulletin of Cannabis Reform 47: Legal for medical use 10: 11293: 10619:Rohrabacher–Farr amendment 10369:Cannabis political parties 8322:. May 2006. Archived from 7787:"Marijuana's Gateway Myth" 7234:"Why is Marijuana Illegal" 6771:Contemporary Drug Problems 6649:. NORML. November 21, 2007 1995:President of United States 1721:A 2014 study published in 1218: 1215:Health effects of cannabis 906:On November 20, 2019, the 880:containing less than 0.3% 872:On December 20, 2018, the 694: 417:) decriminalized in 1975. 11137: 11111: 11041: 10993: 10905: 10752: 10741: 10670: 10595:Controlled Substances Act 10590:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 10582: 10573: 10500: 10459: 10404: 10359: 10296: 10279:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 10201: 10194: 10173: 10143: 9988: 9981: 9844: 9836:Medical cannabis research 9769: 9615: 9525: 9458: 9451: 9344: 9321: 5701:RAND Journal of Economics 3906:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2741: 2721: 2699: 2679: 2659: 2637: 2617: 2599: 2579: 2559: 2537: 2515: 2493: 2471: 2449: 2429: 2407: 2387: 2367: 2345: 2341:Initiated ballot measure 2325: 2303: 2281: 2259: 2239: 2217: 2195: 2173: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 1905:Americans for Safe Access 1795:Increased safety concerns 912:House Judiciary Committee 328:Controlled Substances Act 318:On October 27, 1970, the 244:Controlled Substances Act 236:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 208:Controlled Substances Act 11170:Marijuana Policy Project 11124:Cannabis product testing 10887:Northern Mariana Islands 10485:Endocannabinoid enhancer 10349:Hemp Farming Act of 2018 10284:Timeline of cannabis law 10209:Bootleggers and Baptists 9476:Cannabis product testing 9438:Conversion of CBD to THC 8820:. PBS. February 18, 1970 7903:National Academies Press 7346:The Drug Policy Alliance 7251:Baum, Dan (April 2016). 6783:10.1177/0091450917708790 6204:Las Vegas Review-Journal 6049:Ruschmann, J.D. (2004). 4342:Marijuana Policy Project 3954:Prison Policy Initiative 2810: 2758:Initiated ballot measure 2654:Initiated ballot measure 2510:Initiated ballot measure 2488:Initiated ballot measure 2424:Initiated ballot measure 2389:Northern Mariana Islands 2362:Initiated ballot measure 2320:Initiated ballot measure 2298:Initiated ballot measure 2276:Initiated ballot measure 2254:Initiated ballot measure 2234:Initiated ballot measure 2212:Initiated ballot measure 2190:Initiated ballot measure 1893:Marijuana Policy Project 1889:The Drug Policy Alliance 1733:Increased cannabis usage 1132:In 2006, a study by the 833:Federal policy post-2012 787:Northern Mariana Islands 584:Marijuana Policy Project 351:Shafer Commission (1972) 147:Northern Mariana Islands 9886:List of cannabis hoaxes 9466:Cannabis use and trauma 9336:Industrial applications 9128:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 8798:. Religion News Service 5713:10.1111/1756-2171.12384 5436:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 5361:Social Science Research 1300:sold legally and openly 1011:Social Science Research 717:, when voters approved 465:in 1977. Additionally, 324:President Richard Nixon 322:was signed into law by 10679:Leary v. United States 10429:Kyllo v. United States 10421:Leary v. United States 10234:Global Marijuana March 9811:Endocannabinoid system 9779:Amotivational syndrome 9584:List of hemp varieties 9352:Autoflowering cannabis 9154:Minnesota Public Radio 7010:"Marijuana Law Reform" 6443:10.1001/jama.2011.1961 5847:. marijuanalibrary.org 5513:): fact or fallacy?". 4685:. Harris Bricken PLLC. 3265:Stroup, Keith (2013). 3091:. New York: Scribner. 2057: 1715: 1675:substance use disorder 1632: 1590: 1571:with support from the 1406: 1394: 1230: 1212: 1090:. The study estimated 570: 485:President Jimmy Carter 253:Leary v. United States 127: 10631:Marijuana Justice Act 10186:Annual use by country 9789:Cannabis use disorder 9784:Cannabis in pregnancy 9545:List of hemp products 9540:List of hemp diseases 9491:Medical cannabis card 9280:(by Patrick Anderson) 9273:General Social Survey 9180:News 5 Cleveland WEWS 8894:Burlington Free Press 8666:on September 28, 2007 8545:sensiblesantacruz.org 8356:on September 20, 2006 8006:10.2105/ajph.94.5.836 7843:theindiancatholic.com 7724:10.1093/biosci/biv083 7622:Journal of Toxicology 7111:"Criminal Law Reform" 6702:. Healthland.time.com 6323:on September 18, 2008 5757:. September 22, 2022. 3814:Associated Press News 2166:Licensed sales since 2125:Legalization timeline 2072:Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2052: 1993:legislators, and the 1841:In an episode of the 1838:is not a good sign." 1776:In 2001, a report by 1770:Institute of Medicine 1710: 1669:was published in the 1627: 1606:Institute of Medicine 1585: 1471:Journal of Toxicology 1402: 1390: 1228: 1207: 553: 63: Decriminalized 32: 10897:District of Columbia 10719:Moncrieffe v. Holder 10239:Legality of cannabis 9881:Cannabis Social Club 9657:Cannabis concentrate 9252:state marijuana laws 8326:on February 10, 2007 8204:on February 10, 2007 8069:The Austin Chronicle 7793:. The Activist Guide 6833:. November 14, 2012. 6815:on January 20, 2012. 6596:The Military Surgeon 6051:Legalizing Marijuana 5934:Jon Gettman (2006). 5915:on December 29, 2006 5819:Drug Policy Alliance 5743:. September 8, 2022. 4160:Drug Policy Alliance 4084:. September 18, 2003 3979:Drug Policy Alliance 3556:Anchorage Daily News 3529:. The Viking Press. 2860:"MARIJUANA OVERVIEW" 2169:Legalization method 2069:environmental lawyer 1643:Karolinska Institute 1454:Environmental safety 1361:Sensible Drug Policy 1113:In 2006, a study by 955:improve this article 735:District of Columbia 641:District of Columbia 580:Drug Policy Alliance 246:, subsequent to the 172:, although the term 155:District of Columbia 131:In the United States 10892:U.S. Virgin Islands 10467:Drug liberalization 10249:Regulatory agencies 9854:Cannabis by Country 9517:Marijuana Anonymous 9326:Outline of cannabis 9004:Albuquerque Journal 8888:Hallenbeck, Brent. 8692:. December 19, 2003 8274:2014PLoSO...992816M 8174:. September 2, 2010 7935:on November 4, 2006 7635:10.1155/2013/378168 7187:on February 6, 2014 7160:The Huffington Post 6522:(9698): 1383–1391. 6353:(9566): 1047–1053. 5998:on January 11, 2010 5970:Baltimore Chronicle 5778:on October 17, 2007 5642:The Washington Post 5550:"Medical marijuana" 5339:Shankbone, David. " 4162:. November 14, 2006 4027:"Executive Summary" 3886:The Clemency Report 3789:The Washington Post 3763:The Washington Post 3737:The Washington Post 3686:The Washington Post 3488:Detroit Metro Times 3115:Cannabis: A History 2156: 2040:U.S. representative 1744:In 1972, President 1344:Wall Street Journal 1221:Effects of cannabis 989:In 1972, President 844:federal prosecutors 819:U.S. Virgin Islands 653:U.S. Virgin Islands 459:Ann Arbor, Michigan 387:Ford administration 151:U.S. Virgin Islands 11180:Harry J. Anslinger 9958:Operation Overgrow 9707:Quasi-psychedelic 9697:Marihuana prensada 9443:Synthetic cannabis 8718:. November 3, 2023 8690:stopthedrugwar.org 8551:on January 6, 2007 8432:USA Today Magazine 7760:Keep off the Grass 7706:(August 1, 2015). 7567:. February 3, 2017 7373:Human Rights Watch 6258:The New York Times 6153:. October 17, 2006 5405:. August 16, 2022. 4729:. November 7, 2018 4702:The New York Times 4110:. November 3, 2004 3860:The New York Times 3844:on October 8, 2007 3816:. November 7, 1990 3460:on August 13, 2017 3376:The New York Times 2394:September 21, 2018 2175:Washington (state) 2129: 1581:The Activist Guide 1562:Keep Off the Grass 1500:Thiophanate-methyl 1422:Human Rights Watch 1367:The ACLU and NAACP 1316:Individual freedom 1231: 1039:Economic arguments 703:ballot initiatives 571: 519:Playboy Foundation 463:Madison, Wisconsin 212:Justice Department 128: 11193: 11192: 11107: 11106: 10737: 10736: 10711:Gonzales v. Raich 10695:Conant v. Walters 10533: 10532: 10455: 10454: 10437:Gonzales v. Raich 10413:Ker v. California 10325:Return to class B 10313:2018 Cannabis Act 10169: 10168: 9953:KBUD-AM (defunct) 9826:Long-term effects 9703:Phytocannabinoids 9611: 9610: 8455:. April 18, 2014. 8131:(12): 2134–2140. 8100:on March 13, 2007 7966:on March 11, 2007 7960:currents.ucsc.edu 7847:Zenit News Agency 7769:978-0-8397-4384-2 7762:. P.S. Eriksson. 6809:Libertarian Party 5740:Los Angeles Times 5657:"Taxing Cannabis" 5419:. August 5, 2022. 3125:978-0-312-42494-7 2763: 2762: 2737:Legislative bill 2695:Legislative bill 2675:Legislative bill 2633:Legislative bill 2613:Legislative bill 2610:Never authorized 2595:Legislative bill 2575:Legislative bill 2549:December 29, 2022 2522:February 22, 2021 2478:November 30, 2020 2445:Legislative bill 2403:Legislative bill 2383:Legislative bill 2315:November 20, 2018 2310:December 15, 2016 2250:Never authorized 2246:February 26, 2015 2224:February 24, 2015 2202:December 10, 2012 1748:commissioned the 1706:Mark A.R. Kleiman 993:commissioned the 987: 986: 979: 576:Lindesmith Center 361:Raymond P. Shafer 260:History of reform 185:Shafer Commission 174:decriminalization 160:Decriminalization 101: 16:(Redirected from 11284: 11234: 11233: 11232: 11222: 11221: 11210: 11209: 11201: 10754:Recreational use 10750: 10749: 10643:SAFE Banking Act 10580: 10579: 10560: 10553: 10546: 10537: 10536: 10523: 10522: 10510: 10509: 10199: 10198: 9986: 9985: 9875:Cannabis Culture 9816:Impaired driving 9806:Entourage effect 9640:Cannabis smoking 9590:Hemp for Victory 9471:Medical cannabis 9456: 9455: 9308: 9301: 9294: 9285: 9284: 9240: 9230: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9182:. August 2, 2024 9172: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9156:. August 1, 2023 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9118: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9104: 9089: 9083: 9082: 9080: 9078: 9072:Associated Press 9057: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9039:Associated Press 9027: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9016: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8981: 8979: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8945: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8920:Marianas Variety 8911: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8885: 8879: 8878: 8862: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8846:on July 15, 2014 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8791: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8744:Florida Politics 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8682: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8662:. Archived from 8652: 8646: 8645: 8633: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8578:on June 15, 2007 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8445: 8439: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8405: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8375: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8295: 8285: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8236: 8230:. Archived from 8229: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8200:. Archived from 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8162: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8065:"Reefer Madness" 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8017: 7985: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7951: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7921: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7895: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7870: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7783: 7774: 7773: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7735: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7647: 7637: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7588: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7565:www.colorado.gov 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7541:. April 17, 2018 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7515:. March 27, 2018 7505: 7499: 7498: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7426:. April 20, 2022 7416: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7343: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7309: 7303: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7257:Harpers Magazine 7248: 7242: 7241: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7212:Business Insider 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7060: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7031: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7006: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6975: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6898: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6811:. Archived from 6801: 6795: 6794: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6750:. Drug War Facts 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6727:East Bay Express 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6695: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6454: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6342: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6322: 6316:. Archived from 6315: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6287:. Archived from 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6141: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6060: 6054: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6027:. Archived from 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5994:. Archived from 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5940: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5914: 5907: 5899: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5875: 5866: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5774:. Archived from 5768: 5759: 5758: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5692: 5681: 5678:Sapiens magazine 5671: 5665: 5664: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5506: 5495: 5494: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5459: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5356: 5350: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5220:Marijuana Moment 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5168:Marijuana Moment 5159: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5128:Marijuana Moment 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5102:Marijuana Moment 5093: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5062:Marijuana Moment 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4913:Marijuana Moment 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4887:Marijuana Moment 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4852: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4657:Associated Press 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4631:Associated Press 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4597: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4551:Marijuana Moment 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4525:Marijuana Moment 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4187:The Boston Globe 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3905: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3713:, August 2, 1977 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3520: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3456:. Archived from 3445: 3439: 3438: 3432: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3408:on March 7, 2018 3404:. Archived from 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3367: 3358: 3357: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3293:California NORML 3285: 3279: 3278: 3262: 3256: 3252: 3238: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3207:on March 6, 2019 3203:. Archived from 3192: 3186: 3185: 3167: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3084: 3067: 3066: 3048: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2909: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2856: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2754: 2749: 2748:December 7, 2023 2729: 2712: 2707: 2687: 2667: 2666:January 18, 2023 2650: 2649:February 3, 2023 2645: 2644:December 8, 2022 2630: 2629:December 1, 2022 2625: 2607: 2592: 2591:January 10, 2023 2587: 2572: 2567: 2554:Legislative bill 2550: 2545: 2528: 2523: 2506: 2501: 2484: 2483:January 22, 2021 2479: 2466:Legislative bill 2462: 2457: 2437: 2420: 2419:December 1, 2019 2415: 2414:December 6, 2018 2400: 2395: 2380: 2375: 2358: 2353: 2352:January 30, 2017 2338: 2333: 2316: 2311: 2294: 2289: 2288:November 9, 2016 2272: 2267: 2247: 2241:Washington, D.C. 2230: 2229:October 29, 2016 2225: 2208: 2203: 2186: 2181: 2180:December 6, 2012 2157: 2151: 2144: 2137: 2128: 2084:Florida Governor 2024:from Alaska and 1983:Mendocino County 1956:A few places in 1938:Cannabis Culture 1865:Acreage Holdings 1824:Washington state 1727:Medical cannabis 1558:Gabriel G. Nahas 982: 975: 971: 968: 962: 939: 931: 567: 561: 541:President Reagan 429:right to privacy 274: 273: 272:Lowell Eggemeier 122: 115: 108: 69: 66: 62: 61: 60: 52: 46: 40: 21: 11292: 11291: 11287: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11281: 11242: 11241: 11240: 11230: 11228: 11216: 11204: 11196: 11194: 11189: 11133: 11103: 11037: 10989: 10901: 10744: 10733: 10666: 10613:Cole Memorandum 10569: 10564: 10534: 10529: 10504: 10496: 10451: 10400: 10361: 10355: 10298: 10292: 10244:Internationally 10214:Cannabis rights 10190: 10165: 10139: 9990:Cannabis rights 9977: 9840: 9821:Time perception 9765: 9623:Cannabis edible 9607: 9521: 9447: 9340: 9317: 9312: 9247: 9201: 9199:Further reading 9196: 9195: 9185: 9183: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9159: 9157: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9133: 9131: 9119: 9115: 9102: 9100: 9099:. June 22, 2021 9091: 9090: 9086: 9076: 9074: 9058: 9054: 9044: 9042: 9041:. April 1, 2022 9029: 9028: 9024: 9014: 9012: 8995: 8991: 8977: 8975: 8965: 8961: 8938: 8934: 8924: 8922: 8912: 8908: 8898: 8896: 8886: 8882: 8863: 8859: 8849: 8847: 8838: 8837: 8833: 8823: 8821: 8816: 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8792: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8684: 8683: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8642: 8626: 8625: 8621: 8611: 8609: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8524: 8522: 8513: 8512: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8495:on June 5, 2008 8487: 8486: 8482: 8473: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8460: 8453:Huffington Post 8447: 8446: 8442: 8427: 8423: 8413: 8411: 8408:bjp.rcpsych.org 8403: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8384: 8382: 8381:. Cedro-uva.org 8377: 8376: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8344: 8343: 8339: 8329: 8327: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8254: 8250: 8240: 8238: 8237:on May 13, 2015 8234: 8227: 8221: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8192: 8191: 8187: 8177: 8175: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8035: 8031: 7986: 7979: 7969: 7967: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7923: 7922: 7918: 7908: 7906: 7897: 7896: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7872: 7871: 7862: 7852: 7850: 7837: 7836: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7819:. June 25, 2018 7811: 7810: 7806: 7796: 7794: 7785: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7753: 7749: 7703: 7699: 7684: 7680: 7665: 7661: 7614: 7610: 7600: 7598: 7590: 7589: 7580: 7570: 7568: 7559: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7471: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7403: 7401: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7365: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7348:. February 2016 7341: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7275: 7271: 7261: 7259: 7249: 7245: 7238:drugwarrant.com 7232:Guither, Pete. 7230: 7226: 7216: 7214: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7114: 7109: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7062: 7061: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7033: 7032: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7007: 6994: 6984: 6982: 6977: 6976: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6925: 6921: 6911: 6909: 6899: 6890: 6880: 6878: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6842: 6838: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6803: 6802: 6798: 6767: 6763: 6753: 6751: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6670:"Daily Sundial" 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6626: 6624: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6605: 6603: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6555: 6551: 6512: 6508: 6498: 6496: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6473: 6472: 6468: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6343: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6249: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6195: 6191: 6181: 6179: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6143: 6142: 6135: 6125: 6123: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6070:. February 2005 6062: 6061: 6057: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6032: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5963:Hickman, John. 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5943:drugscience.org 5938: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5873: 5867: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5825:on June 6, 2007 5813: 5812: 5805: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5748: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5693: 5684: 5672: 5668: 5653: 5649: 5634: 5630: 5615: 5611: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5546: 5542: 5511:Cannabis sativa 5507: 5498: 5491: 5477: 5473: 5428: 5424: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5357: 5353: 5338: 5334: 5324: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5291:FiveThirtyEight 5283: 5279: 5272:The White House 5264: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5238: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5160: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5120: 5116: 5106: 5104: 5094: 5090: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5037:. June 20, 2019 5029: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4976: 4972: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4853: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4694: 4690: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4491: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4421:Chicago Tribune 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4240:. June 21, 2012 4232: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3981:. April 5, 2017 3973: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3919: 3915: 3899: 3898: 3891: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3521: 3502: 3492: 3490: 3480: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3446: 3442: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3372:"The pot lobby" 3368: 3361: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3263: 3259: 3239: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3168: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3110: 3106: 3099: 3085: 3070: 3063: 3055:. Basic Books. 3049: 2976: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2858: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2771: 2765: 2733:Not yet started 2691:Not yet started 2671:Not yet started 2505:January 1, 2022 2500:January 1, 2021 2461:January 1, 2020 2456:January 1, 2020 2441:Not yet started 2379:October 1, 2022 2357:October 9, 2020 2332:January 1, 2017 2293:January 1, 2018 2271:October 1, 2015 2207:January 1, 2014 2163:Effective date 2155: 2127: 2036:Dennis Kucinich 1917:Edward Forchion 1873: 1811:Huffington Post 1806: 1797: 1735: 1695: 1693:Increased crime 1554: 1549: 1456: 1434: 1398:John Ehrlichman 1385: 1369: 1335: 1322:property rights 1318: 1289: 1268: 1244:pharmaceuticals 1223: 1217: 1203: 1184:A study in the 1182: 1166: 1061:Milton Friedman 1041: 1020: 1000:Nadine Strossen 983: 972: 966: 963: 952: 940: 929: 894:Earl Blumenauer 839:Cole Memorandum 835: 701:Prior to 2012, 699: 693: 600: 569: 565: 563: 559: 557: 527: 480: 370: 353: 316: 277:Barry Goldwater 271: 270: 267: 262: 224: 126: 76: 71: 67: 65: 64: 58: 57: 56: 54: 50: 48: 44: 42: 38: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11290: 11280: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11239: 11238: 11226: 11214: 11191: 11190: 11188: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11141: 11139: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11115: 11113: 11109: 11108: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11099:American Samoa 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11074:South Carolina 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11045: 11043: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11035: 11030: 11028:North Carolina 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 10999: 10997: 10995:Decriminalized 10991: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10911: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10758: 10756: 10747: 10739: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10723: 10715: 10707: 10699: 10691: 10687:Ravin v. State 10683: 10674: 10672: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10658: 10652: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10628: 10622: 10616: 10610: 10604: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10584: 10583:Laws and bills 10577: 10571: 10570: 10563: 10562: 10555: 10548: 10540: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10527: 10517: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10474: 10469: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10441: 10433: 10425: 10417: 10408: 10406: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10365: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10333: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10302: 10300: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10290: 10289: 10288: 10287: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10268: 10267: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10246: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10205: 10203: 10196: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10177: 10175: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10147: 10145: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10116: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9994: 9992: 9983: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9918: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9850: 9848: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9792: 9786: 9781: 9775: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9762: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9741: 9740: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9716: 9700: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9669: 9664: 9654: 9649: 9648: 9647: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9619: 9617: 9613: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9598: 9593: 9586: 9581: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9542: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9508: 9507: 9497: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9493: 9483: 9478: 9468: 9462: 9460: 9453: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9375: 9368: 9354: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9311: 9310: 9303: 9296: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9275: 9265: 9259: 9246: 9245:External links 9243: 9242: 9241: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9167: 9141: 9113: 9084: 9052: 9022: 8989: 8959: 8932: 8906: 8880: 8857: 8831: 8809: 8783: 8757: 8729: 8703: 8677: 8647: 8640: 8619: 8589: 8562: 8532: 8519:smartvoter.org 8506: 8480: 8458: 8440: 8421: 8392: 8367: 8337: 8307: 8248: 8215: 8185: 8157: 8111: 8081: 8055: 8029: 8000:(5): 836–842. 7977: 7946: 7916: 7887: 7860: 7849:. June 3, 2007 7830: 7804: 7775: 7768: 7756:Nahas, Gabriel 7747: 7718:(8): 822–829. 7697: 7678: 7659: 7608: 7578: 7552: 7526: 7500: 7481:(3): 284–288. 7462: 7437: 7411: 7385: 7359: 7330: 7304: 7295: 7269: 7243: 7224: 7198: 7172: 7146: 7124: 7102: 7080: 7048: 7023: 6992: 6965: 6942: 6919: 6888: 6862: 6836: 6818: 6796: 6777:(2): 125–146. 6761: 6739: 6713: 6687: 6660: 6634: 6612: 6583: 6549: 6506: 6484: 6466: 6423:Monika Safford 6413: 6399: 6380: 6334: 6302: 6291:on May 3, 2014 6271: 6243: 6217: 6189: 6164: 6133: 6122:. January 2001 6107: 6081: 6055: 6042: 6031:on May 6, 2007 6009: 5983: 5955: 5926: 5891: 5858: 5836: 5803: 5789: 5760: 5746: 5726: 5707:(3): 559–595. 5682: 5666: 5647: 5628: 5609: 5591: 5566: 5554:Harvard Health 5540: 5496: 5489: 5471: 5442:(2): 172–186. 5422: 5408: 5394: 5351: 5332: 5303: 5277: 5258: 5232: 5206: 5180: 5154: 5140: 5114: 5088: 5074: 5048: 5022: 4996: 4970: 4951: 4925: 4899: 4873: 4844: 4833:. June 3, 2015 4818: 4807:. June 4, 2015 4792: 4766: 4740: 4714: 4688: 4683:Canna Law blog 4669: 4643: 4617: 4589: 4563: 4537: 4511: 4485: 4459: 4433: 4407: 4381: 4355: 4344:. May 16, 2014 4329: 4303: 4277: 4251: 4225: 4199: 4173: 4147: 4121: 4095: 4069: 4043: 4018: 4007:. June 7, 2001 3992: 3966: 3940: 3913: 3873: 3847: 3827: 3801: 3775: 3749: 3723: 3698: 3672: 3646: 3620: 3608:Michigan Radio 3594: 3568: 3542: 3536:978-0670119905 3535: 3500: 3471: 3440: 3419: 3388: 3359: 3324: 3305: 3280: 3257: 3218: 3187: 3181:978-0275974480 3180: 3157: 3131: 3124: 3104: 3098:978-1439102602 3097: 3068: 3062:978-0465096169 3061: 2974: 2955: 2930: 2919:. July 1, 2014 2917:Canna Law Blog 2901: 2876: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2828: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2753:August 6, 2024 2750: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2728:August 1, 2023 2725: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2686:April 23, 2023 2683: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2544:March 31, 2021 2541: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2527:April 21, 2022 2524: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2248: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2154: 2153: 2146: 2139: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2107:states' rights 2076:drug addiction 1913:Paul Armentano 1872: 1869: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1778:Robert MacCoun 1734: 1731: 1694: 1691: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1455: 1452: 1433: 1430: 1384: 1381: 1368: 1365: 1334: 1331: 1317: 1314: 1288: 1285: 1267: 1264: 1216: 1213: 1202: 1199: 1181: 1178: 1165: 1162: 1142:Proposition 36 1063:and two other 1049:President Bush 1040: 1037: 1019: 1016: 985: 984: 943: 941: 934: 928: 925: 834: 831: 719:Initiative 502 692: 689: 599: 596: 578:to become the 564: 558: 536:support groups 526: 523: 479: 476: 472:George Moscone 448:North Carolina 423:Ravin v. State 375:Proposition 19 369: 366: 352: 349: 334:, and allowed 315: 312: 308:counterculture 284:Allen Ginsberg 266: 263: 261: 258: 223: 220: 125: 124: 117: 110: 102: 98:2018 Farm Bill 55: 49: 43: 37: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11289: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11237: 11236:United States 11227: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11202: 11199: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11136: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11110: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11023:New Hampshire 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10980:West Virginia 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10950:New Hampshire 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10904: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10807:Massachusetts 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10740: 10729: 10728: 10724: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10713: 10712: 10708: 10705: 10704: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10669: 10662: 10659: 10656: 10653: 10650: 10647: 10644: 10641: 10638: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10614: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10602: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10561: 10556: 10554: 10549: 10547: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10526: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10508: 10503: 10502: 10499: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10458: 10447: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10434: 10431: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10418: 10415: 10414: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10358: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10331:Law No. 19172 10328: 10326: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10308: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10295: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10200: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10184: 10182: 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Smart Voter 8520: 8516: 8510: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8474:September 23, 8470: 8469: 8462: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8437: 8433: 8430: 8425: 8409: 8402: 8396: 8385:September 15, 8380: 8374: 8372: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8341: 8325: 8321: 8317: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8268:(3): e92816. 8267: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8173: 8172: 8171:Science Daily 8167: 8161: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8070: 8066: 8059: 8044: 8043:New Scientist 8040: 8033: 8025: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7984: 7982: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7920: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7892: 7875: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7792: 7788: 7782: 7780: 7771: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7701: 7693: 7689: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7655: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7612: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7540: 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