Debian - Knowledge

41: 11932: 4049: 32: 1145:. Even though this repository is maintained by Christian Marillat, a Debian developer, it is not part of the project and is not hosted on a Debian server. The repository provides packages already included in Debian, interfering with the official maintenance. Eventually, project leader Stefano Zacchiroli asked Marillat to either settle an agreement about the packaging or to stop using the "Debian" name. Marillat chose the latter and renamed the repository to deb-multimedia.org. The repository was so popular that the switchover was announced by the official blog of the Debian project. 3903: 1797:, and a set of Debian 2.1 install CDs for the architecture of their choice. Initially, the swirl was magic smoke arising from an also included bottle of an Arabian-style genie presented in black profile, but shortly after was reduced to the red smoke swirl for situations where space or multiple colours were not an option, and before long the bottle version effectively was superseded. There has been no official statement from the Debian project on the logo's meaning, but at the time of the logo's selection, it was suggested that the logo represented the 11595: 341: 1281: 1942: 929: 910: 1021: 11968: 1362: 918: 11716: 937: 13337: 11944: 1759: 1517: 13305: 734: 1293: 13327: 785: 698: 3961: 11956: 3895: 13316: 11918: 4035: 3670:. They allow software developers to use sandbox environments, while at the same time remaining in control of security. Another benefit of a cross-distribution package manager is that they allow application developers to directly provide updates to users without going through distributions, and without having to package and test the application separately for each distribution. 3928:. Debian GNU/Hurd has been in development since 1998, and made a formal release in May 2013, with 78% of the software packaged for Debian GNU/Linux ported to the GNU Hurd. Hurd is not yet an official Debian release, and is maintained and developed as an unofficial port. Debian GNU/Hurd is distributed as an installer CD (running the official Debian installer) or ready-to-run 3780:, since only 32,767 different keys were generated. The security weakness was caused by changes made in 2006 by another Debian developer in response to memory debugger warnings. The complete resolution procedure was cumbersome because patching the security hole was not enough; it involved regenerating all affected keys and certificates. 678:, release manager Steve Langasek announced a plan to reduce the number of supported ports to four in order to shorten future release cycles. There was a large reaction because the proposal looked more like a decision and because such a drop would damage Debian's aim to be "the universal operating system". 3686:

Debian also launched its Long Term Support (LTS) project since Debian 6 (Debian Squeeze). For each Debian release, it will receive two years of extra security updates provided by LTS Team after its End Of Life (EOL). However, no point releases will be made. Now each Debian release can receive 5 years

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dictionary, are usually coordinated with other free software vendors and are published the same day a vulnerability is made public. There used to be a security audit project that focused on packages in the stable release looking for security bugs; Steve Kemp, who started the project, retired in 2011

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have criticized the Debian project for hosting the non-free repository and because the contrib and non-free areas are easily accessible, an opinion echoed by some in Debian including the former project leader Wichert Akkerman. The internal dissent in the Debian project regarding the non-free section

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images allow users to boot from removable media and run Debian without affecting the contents of their computer. A full install of Debian to the computer's hard drive can be initiated from the live image environment. Personalized images can be built with the live-build tool for discs, USB drives and

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sponsored the project from November 1994 to November 1995. However, it is no longer endorsed by GNU and the FSF due to the distribution's long-term practice of hosting non-free software repositories and, since 2022, its inclusion of non-free firmware in its installation media by default. On June 16,

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The most popular optional Linux cross-distribution package manager are graphical (front-ends) package managers. They are available within the official Debian Repository but are not installed by default. They are widely popular with both Debian users and Debian software developers who are interested

1165:. Physical discs can also be bought from retailers. The full sets are made up of several discs (the amd64 port consists of 13 DVDs or 84 CDs), but only the first disc is required for installation, as the installer can retrieve software not contained in the first disc image from online repositories. 756:

as Icedove. The Mozilla Corporation stated that software with unapproved modifications could not be distributed under the Firefox trademark. Two reasons that Debian modified the Firefox software were to change non-free artwork and to provide security patches. In February 2016, it was announced that

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releases, and ensures that the package coheres with the rest of the distribution and meets the standards of quality of Debian. Packages may include modifications introduced by Debian to achieve compliance with Debian Policy, even to fix non-Debian specific bugs, although coordination with upstream

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requires about 20 MB of RAM, but relies on network hardware. Similarly, disk space requirements, which depend on the packages to be installed, can be reduced by manually selecting the packages needed. As of May 2019, no Pure Blend exists that would lower the hardware requirements easily.

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as reasons for being interested in the FreeBSD kernel. It has not been updated since Debian 8. From July 2019, the operating system continues to be maintained unofficially.As of July 2023, the development of Debian GNU/kFreeBSD has officially terminated due to the lack of interest and developers.

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The Debian Project has an influx of applicants wishing to become developers. These applicants must undergo a vetting process which establishes their identity, motivation, understanding of the project's principles, and technical competence. This process has become much harder throughout the years.

3345:, a team of developers that assisted the leader, but there were concerns that such leadership would split Debian into two developer classes. Anthony Towns created a supplemental position, Second In Charge (2IC), that shared some powers of the leader. Steve McIntyre was 2IC and had a 2IC himself. 2842:

A Project Leader is elected once per year by the developers. The leader has special powers, but they are not absolute, and appoints delegates to perform specialized tasks. Delegates make decisions as they think is best, taking into account technical criteria and consensus. By way of a General

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In July 2009, the policy of time-based development freezes on a two-year cycle was announced. Time-based freezes are intended to blend the predictability of time based releases with Debian's policy of feature based releases, and to reduce overall freeze time. The Squeeze cycle was going to be

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is for researchers and scientists. The complete Debian distribution includes all available Debian Pure Blends. "Debian Blend" (without "Pure") is a term for a Debian-based distribution that strives to become part of mainstream Debian, and have its extra features included in future releases.

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From Debian 5.0, the numbering scheme of point releases was changed, conforming to the GNU version numbering standard; the first point release of Debian 5.0 was 5.0.1 instead of 5.0r1. The numbering scheme was once again changed for the first Debian 7 update, which was version 7.1. The

1742:) after the main version number and then the number of the point release; for example, the latest point release of version 4.0 is 4.0r9. This scheme was chosen because a new dotted version would make the old one look obsolete and vendors would have trouble selling their CDs. 10901: 3682:

branch of Debian gets released approximately every 2 years. It will receive official support for about 3 years with update for major security or usability fixes. Point releases will be available every several months as determined by Stable Release Managers (SRM).

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Several parts of Debian are translated into languages other than American English, including package descriptions, configuration messages, documentation and the website. The level of software localization depends on the language, ranging from the highly supported

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plug computer and OpenRD products. There are efforts to run Debian on mobile devices, but this is not a project goal yet since the Debian Linux kernel maintainers would not apply the needed patches. Nevertheless, there are packages for resource-limited systems.

3998:, which refers to the FreeBSD kernel. Before discontinuing the project, Debian maintained i386 and amd64 ports. The last version of Debian kFreeBSD was Debian 8 (Jessie) RC3. Debian GNU/kFreeBSD was created in 2002. It was included in Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) as a 1091:

The default desktop environment of version 7 Wheezy was temporarily switched to Xfce, because GNOME 3 did not fit on the first CD of the set. The default for the version 8 Jessie was changed again to Xfce in November 2013, and back to GNOME in September 2014.

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Debian developers may resign their positions at any time or, when deemed necessary, they can be expelled. Those who follow the retiring protocol are granted the "emeritus" status and they may regain their membership through a shortened new member process.

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GDebi is an APT tool which can be used in command-line and on the GUI. GDebi can install a local .deb file via the command line like the dpkg command, but with access to repositories to resolve dependencies. Other graphical front-ends for APT include

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support, improved hardware detection, made installations easier for novice users, and was translated into almost forty languages. An installation manual and release notes were in ten and fifteen languages respectively. The efforts of Skolelinux,

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manager. The release team sets goals for the next release, supervises the processes and decides when to release. The team is led by the next release managers and stable release managers. Release assistants were introduced in 2003.

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provides the low-level infrastructure for package management. The dpkg database contains the list of installed software on the current system. The dpkg command tool does not know about repositories. The command can work with local

685:, named "4.10 Warty Warthog", was released on October 20, 2004. Because it was distributed as a free download, it became one of the most popular and successful operating systems with more than "40 million users" according to 1435:, and legally questionable packages. Contrib includes packages which do comply with the DFSG but fail other requirements. For example, they may depend on packages which are in non-free or requires such for building them. 2420:. As a result, a new major release tends to occur every two years with revision releases that fix security issues and important problems. The Debian project is a volunteer organization with three foundational documents: 1629:

software. Debian does not provide full Sid installation discs, but rather a minimal ISO that can be used to install over a network connection. Additionally, this branch can be installed through a system upgrade from

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threatened by possible patent infringements, lacking source code, or under too restrictive licenses. Even though packages with problems related to their distribution could go into the non-free area, software such as

1625:. Packages are accepted without checking the distribution as a whole. This branch is usually run by software developers who participate in a project and need the latest libraries available, and by those who prefer 10223: 760:

A fund-raising experiment, Dunc-Tank, was created to solve the release cycle problem and release managers were paid to work full-time; in response, unpaid developers slowed down their work and the release was

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Debian used to be released as a very large set of CDs for each architecture, but with the release of Debian 9 (Stretch) in 2017, many of the images have been dropped from the archive but remain buildable via

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Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) was released in February 2011, featuring Debian GNU/kFreeBSD as a technology preview, along with adding a dependency-based boot system, and moving problematic firmware to the non-free

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For the CD images, it is useful to know that Debian supports a number of different desktops, including GNOME, KDE, Xfce, MATE and LXDE, and there is a different 'disk 1' image for each of these desktops.

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Resolution, the developers may recall the leader, reverse a decision made by the leader or a delegate, amend foundational documents and make other binding decisions. The voting method is based on the

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command itself is intended as an end user interface and enables some options better suited for interactive usage by default compared to more specialized APT like apt-get and apt-cache explained below.

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Periodically, the release team publishes guidelines to the developers in order to ready the release. A new release occurs after a freeze, when all important software is reasonably up-to-date in the

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You should identify each release with a pair of version numbers, a major version and a minor. We have no objection to using more than two numbers, but it is very unlikely that you really need them.

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also suggested that this swirl is the Debian one. Buzz Lightyear's swirl is a more likely candidate as the codenames for Debian are names of Toy Story characters. The former Debian project leader

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in installing the most recent versions of application or using the cross-distribution package manager built-in sandbox environment. While at the same time remaining in control of the security.

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Some events disturbed the project while working on Sarge, as Debian servers were attacked by fire and hackers. One of the most memorable was the Vancouver prospectus. After a meeting held in

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is recommended, as desktop environments are more resource intensive. Requirements for individual software vary widely and must be considered, with those of the base operating environment.

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describes the organizational structure for formal decision-making within the project, and enumerates the powers and responsibilities of the Project Leader, the Secretary and other roles.

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and edited suggestions from a month-long discussion into the Debian Social Contract and the Debian Free Software Guidelines. After the FSF withdrew their sponsorship in the midst of the

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The Debian "swirl" logo was designed by Raul Silva in 1999 as part of a contest to replace the semi-official logo that had been used. The winner of the contest received an @Debian.org

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for one year. Ian Murdock delegated the base system, the core packages of Debian, to Bruce Perens and Murdock focused on the management of the growing project. The first ports to non-

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Debian 0.01, released on September 15, 1993, was the first of several internal releases. Version 0.90 was the first public release, providing support through mailing lists hosted at

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lists 121 active Debian derivatives. The Debian project provides its derivatives with guidelines for best practices and encourages derivatives to merge their work back into Debian.

6833: 952:. Debian officially contains only free software, but non-free software can be downloaded and installed from the Debian repositories. Debian includes popular free programs such as 7102: 10475: 8388: 6574: 1681:

is a temporary staging area of highly experimental software that is likely to break the system. It is not a full distribution and missing dependencies are commonly found in

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The real minimum memory requirements depend on the architecture and may be much less than the numbers listed in this table. It is possible to install Debian with 170

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CD, whereby Debian is installed with just a base and later added software can be downloaded from the Internet. Another option is to boot the installer from the network.

853:) was released on June 10, 2023, including various improvements and features, increasing the supported Linux Kernel to version 6.1, and leveraging new "Emerald" artwork. 9220: 6459: 656:

distribution, made up of packages considered stable, to reduce the freeze for the next release. In the same year, developers began holding an annual conference called

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support is available and enabled by default since Buster. Debian provides an optional hardening wrapper, and does not harden all of its software by default using

11600: 4222: 4002:, and in Debian 7 (Wheezy) as an official port. Debian GNU/kFreeBSD was discontinued as an officially supported platform as of Debian 8. Debian developers cited 2875: 633:

was deployed with Debian 2.1. The number of applicants was overwhelming and the project established the new member process. The first Debian derivatives, namely

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are subsets of a Debian release configured out-of-the-box for users with particular skills and interests. For example, Debian Jr. is made for children, while

9788: 9012: 7450: 5704: 5314: 4610: 843:) was released in August 2021, enabling persistency in the system journal, adding support for driverless scanning, and containing kernel-level support for 610:, and wrote a new installer. By the time Debian 1.2 was released, the project had grown to nearly two hundred volunteers. Perens left the project in 1998. 10110: 7913: 6969: 6686: 6397: 2439:

define the criteria for "free software" and thus what software is permissible in the distribution. These guidelines have been adopted as the basis of the

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toolsets. Debian's recommended system requirements depend on the level of installation, which corresponds to increased numbers of installed components:

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Mozilla and Debian had reached an agreement and Iceweasel would revert to the name Firefox; similar agreement was anticipated for Icedove/Thunderbird.

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and Debian-Accessibility raised the number of packages that were educational, had a medical affiliation, and ones made for people with disabilities.

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release was made in June 2005. This release updated 73% of the software and included over 9,000 new packages. A new installer with a modular design,

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The maintainer releases a new version by uploading the package to the "incoming" system, which verifies the integrity of the packages and their

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branch. Although freeze dates are time-based, release dates are not, which are announced by the release managers a couple of weeks beforehand.

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In July 2002, the project released version 3.0, code-named Woody, the first release to include cryptographic software, a free licensed KDE and

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Debian is one of the most popular Linux distributions, and many other distributions have been created from the Debian codebase. As of 2021,

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Throughout Debian's lifetime, both the Debian distribution and its website have won various awards from different organizations, including

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assumed the project leadership. Perens was a controversial leader, regarded as authoritarian and strongly attached to Debian. He drafted a

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Thus, a release-critical bug in a new version of a shared library on which many packages depend may prevent those packages from entering

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is the preview branch that will eventually become the next major release. The packages included in this branch have had some testing in

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The cost of developing all of the packages included in Debian 5.0 Lenny (323 million lines of code) has been estimated to be about

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version 2, though the package name is simply grub, while version 1 was renamed to grub-legacy. This conflicts with distros (e.g.,

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and conferences for communication and coordination between developers. For issues with single packages and other tasks, a public

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However, Murdock was critical of the differences between Ubuntu packages and Debian, stating that it leads to incompatibilities.

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single-board computer (made by Texas Instruments) has switched to Debian Linux preloaded on its Beaglebone Black board's flash.

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package. apt-get installs and removes packages, and apt-cache is used for searching packages and displaying package information.

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A notable third party repository exists, formerly named Debian-multimedia.org, providing software not present in Debian such as

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for a few months where bugs are fixed and packages with too many bugs are removed; then the resulting system is released as

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that may be either one person or a team of Debian developers and non-developer maintainers. The maintainer keeps track of

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areas. These last two areas are not distributed within the official installation media, but they can be adopted manually.

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is released, and since the release of Debian 6, for another two years through the Long Term Support project. Eventually,

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of the first name of his then-girlfriend (later ex-wife) Debra Lynn and his own first name. Before Debian's release, the

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archive provides older versions of the branches. They may be used to install a specific older version of some software.

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is supported for one year. Although Squeeze is not officially supported, Debian is coordinating an effort to provide

1474: 645:'s Storm Linux, were started in 1999. The 2.2 release in 2000 was dedicated to Joel Klecker, a developer who died of 11195: 10501: 7735: 7513: 6515: 3555:. Developers are responsible for any package they upload even if the packaging was prepared by another contributor. 850: 840: 13574: 11653: 9348: 7709: 7301: 6250: 820: 7128: 4753: 1012:

lacking source code, although such firmware is available in non-free packages and alternative installation media.

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is moved to a repository for archived releases. Debian 10 is the current Oldoldstable release (since 2023-06-10).

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at the same time. Each branch can be seen as a collection of pointers into the package "pool" mentioned above.

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Non-free includes packages that do not comply with the DFSG, such as documentation with invariant sections and

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In general, Debian has been developed openly and distributed freely according to some of the principles of the

447: 292: 9635: 9501: 9152: 5304: 3719:(LTS) until February 2016, five years after the initial release, but only for the IA-32 and x86-64 platforms. 3581:. Release-critical bugs are those considered serious enough that they make the package unsuitable for release. 1661:

is moved to a repository for archived releases. Debian 11 is the current Oldstable release (since 2023-06-10).

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scheme is no longer in use, but point release announcements include a note about not throwing away old CDs.

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Debian is supported by donations made to organizations authorized by the leader. The largest supporter is

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Several flavors of the Linux kernel exist for each port. For example, the i386 port has flavors for IA-32

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The Debian project released the 0.9x versions in 1994 and 1995. During this time it was sponsored by the

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and, as of September 2023, the second oldest Linux distribution still in active development, only behind

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Debian offers different network installation methods. A minimal install of Debian is available via the

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One way to resolve the challenge of a release-critical bug in a new application version is the use of

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operations can be performed with different tools available on Debian, from the lowest level command

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service became official, providing more recent versions of some software for the stable release.

11626: 11278: 9688: 9657: 7421: 7188: 5138: 5107: 4165: 2443:. Although this document can be considered separate, it formally is part of the Social Contract. 530:, who initially called the system "the Debian Linux Release". The word "Debian" was formed as a 13569: 12902: 12714: 12488: 11705: 11695: 11218: 11069: 7073: 4077: 3647:. It is possible for a package to keep the same version between stable releases and be part of 2426: 2194:

Roqos Core, manufactured by Roqos, is a x86-64 based IPS firewall router running Debian Linux.

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of RAM for x86-64; the installer will run in low memory mode and it is recommended to create a

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instead of seeking renewed involvement with the FSF. He led the conversion of the project from

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software code is owned and maintained by the not for profit Flatpak Team, with an open source

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software code is owned and maintained by its original author Max Howell, with an open source

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has persisted, but the last time it came to a vote in 2004, the majority decided to keep it.

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architectures began in 1995, and Debian 1.1 was released in 1996. By that time and thanks to

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What makes Debian unacceptable is that its inclusion of non-free software is not a mistake.

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Project leadership is distributed occasionally. Branden Robinson was helped by the Project

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In late 2000, the project reorganized the archive with new package "pools" and created the

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defines a set of basic principles by which the project and its developers conduct affairs.

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and first released in 2004, which has surpassed Debian in popularity with desktop users;

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branch. For a package to become a candidate for the next release, it must migrate to the

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The official logo (also known as open use logo) that contains the well-known Debian swirl

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Debian developers join the project for many reasons. Some that have been cited include:

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and derivatives have been built upon Debian over the years. Among the more notable are

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The numbering scheme for the point releases up to Debian 4.0 was to include the letter

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especially short; however, this initial schedule was abandoned. In September 2010, the

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Ian Jackson became the leader in 1998. Debian 2.0 introduced the second official port,

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branch and any other significant issues are solved. At that time, all packages in the

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armhf: ARM hard-float architecture (ARMv7 instruction set) requiring hardware with a

1269: 1110: 997: 243: 220: 208: 163: 10660: 5790:"'Iceweasel' will be renamed 'Firefox' as relations between Debian and Mozilla thaw" 4340: 1812:, the chosen character for the first named Debian release, has a swirl in his chin. 1802: 1459:

Four most popular cross-distribution package managers, sorted in alphabetical order:

1409: 1280: 889:

announced that they would offer Debian GNU/Linux as an endorsed distribution on the

13543: 13396: 13095: 13080: 13070: 12980: 12945: 12382: 12149: 11874: 11750: 11161: 10862: 10805: 9123: 8585: 7901: 6912: 6764: 6332: 5871: 4741: 4733: 4452: 4384: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 3261: 2162: 2147: 2135: 1622: 1438: 1413: 969: 922: 781:. The release was dedicated to Thiemo Seufer, a developer who died in a car crash. 710: 554: 355: 314: 150: 13351: 10918: 10863:"When Private Keys are Public: Results from the 2008 Debian OpenSSL Vulnerability" 10634: 9761: 7875: 4289: 3835:, first released in the year 2000 and one of the first distributions optimized to 1008:, for older PCs, and for x86-64 PCs. The Linux kernel does not officially contain 767:) was released in April 2007, featuring the x86-64 port and a graphical installer. 13564: 13463: 13453: 13219: 13008: 12887: 12821: 12781: 12638: 12593: 12447: 12233: 12096: 11948: 11798: 11639: 11607: 11560: 11388: 10971: 10905: 10575: 7162: 6860: 6790: 6734: 6656: 6622: 6224: 5414: 5366: 5169:"Debian GNU/Linux 2.2, the 'Joel "Espy" Klecker' release, is officially released" 4490: 3577:

It does not have "release-critical" bugs, except for the ones already present in

2735: 2722: 2709: 2696: 2683: 2670: 2657: 2644: 2631: 2618: 2605: 2592: 2579: 2566: 2553: 2540: 2151: 1494: 1246: 1223: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1057: 1041: 961: 890: 661: 618: 580: 296: 175: 167: 8161: 4745: 4309: 4307: 4275: 1941: 1653:

release. It is supported by the Debian Security Team until one year after a new

1257:. The recommended standard for administering packages on a Debian system is the 13197: 12759: 12666: 12620: 12336: 11960: 11854: 11052: 10746: 10523: 7056: 3882: 3618: 2844: 2828:

is also used for communication among developers and to provide real time help.

2089: 1926: 1914: 1809: 1786: 1385: 1065: 928: 630: 267: 13207: 11300: 9268: 9119: 7646: 2527: 2514: 2501: 2488: 2475: 13558: 13143: 13075: 13028: 13013: 12960: 12754: 12535: 12525: 12377: 12316: 12276: 12248: 12228: 11760: 11418: 10943: 9549: 9093: 4904: 4304: 4007: 3952:

PCs. The current version of Debian GNU/Hurd is 2023, published in June 2023.

2178: 2071: 2065: 1794: 909: 12281: 9906: 9471: 8863: 8612:"[PROPOSED] Swap the "open" and "official" versions of the new logo" 7271: 6886: 6202: 6176: 6150: 6094: 6016: 4585: 1020: 13508: 13402: 13320: 13281: 13055: 13032: 13000: 12990: 12927: 12744: 12585: 12545: 12540: 12507: 12412: 12331: 12253: 12238: 12185: 12154: 11922: 11889: 11765: 11730: 10162: 9824: 9445: 9089: 8474: 8035: 8000: 7672: 7245: 7023: 6537: 6068: 6042: 5987: 5958: 5932: 5727: 5423: 5375: 5276: 5168: 5039: 4965: 4931: 4899: 4895: 4843: 4040: 4011: 3925: 3254: 3230: 2835:, the owner of the Debian trademark, manager of the monetary donations and 2821: 2817: 2810: 1817: 1784:

and best represents the visual identity of the Debian Project. A separate,

1341: 1191: 1180: 1085: 576: 543: 435: 288: 247: 12031: 10549: 7509: 1603:

s CDs and DVDs can be found on the Debian website. The current version of

1570:

s CDs and DVDs can be found in the Debian website. The current version of

1547:

is the current release and targets stable and well-tested software needs.

1361: 917: 660:

with talks and workshops for developers and technical users. In May 2001,

621:, was started. On December 2, the first Debian Constitution was ratified. 13483: 13468: 13187: 13166: 13148: 12950: 12940: 12806: 12801: 12769: 12575: 12570: 12560: 12520: 12462: 12367: 12271: 12243: 12144: 12134: 12036: 11755: 11745: 11740: 11620: 11191: 11093: 9407: 6511: 5340: 4662: 4444: 3921: 3872: 3278: 3237: 3223: 2849: 2184: 1952: 1822: 1798: 1767: 1671:

release. It is supported by the Long Term Support community. Eventually,

1588:

but they may not be fit for release yet. It contains newer packages than

1560: 1227: 1138: 953: 936: 830: 794: 778: 638: 607: 569: 531: 527: 466: 428: 396: 10497: 7731: 7705: 7297: 3765:, but tries to build as many packages as possible with hardening flags. 3574:

for a certain length of time that depends on the urgency of the changes.

13538: 13528: 13458: 13423: 13202: 13158: 13090: 13085: 13018: 12970: 12955: 12845: 12826: 12721: 12696: 12648: 12598: 12417: 12407: 12402: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12121: 12071: 11829: 7124: 3979: 3853: 3848: 3847:

software suite, and has been mirroring Debian releases since 2017. The

3544: 3342: 2166: 1974: 1389: 1348:. The program comes with enhancements such as better search on package 1158: 894: 727: 420: 408: 59: 11984: 11972: 10694: 10275: 9885: 7189:"Remove unofficial debian-multimedia.org repository from your sources" 5823: 1392:, which itself can work on top of various software packaging systems. 196: 13256: 13192: 13105: 12965: 12935: 12917: 12892: 12776: 12658: 12643: 12628: 12515: 12437: 12291: 12139: 12076: 10613: 8192: 7098: 6829: 5731: 5655: 4252: 3727:

security team, but does not receive updates in as timely a manner as

3369:

Debian is their main operating system and they want to promote Debian

2040: 1820:

used to work for Pixar and is credited as a studio tools engineer on

1154: 1131: 893:

cloud platform. Microsoft has also added a user environment to their

886: 737: 675: 539: 439: 76: 9575: 9382: 6280: 2027:

s390x: z/Architecture with 64-bit userland, intended to replace s390

1685:, where new software without the damage chance is normally uploaded. 1516: 572:, the dpkg package manager was already an essential part of Debian. 13271: 13266: 13214: 13138: 12975: 12912: 12858: 12853: 12704: 12676: 12603: 12550: 12432: 12346: 12326: 12286: 12213: 12129: 12056: 10922: 10583: 9627: 9497: 8923:"Two new architectures bootstrapping in unstable – MBF coming soon" 7593: 6913:"Status of the l10n in Debian — ranking PO files between languages" 6798: 6569: 6336: 3937: 3918: 3914: 3836: 3804: 3800: 3746: 3639:

A version of a package can belong to more than one branch, usually

2085: 2054: 1906: 1880: 1869: 1464: 1349: 1235: 1176: 1009: 834: 634: 443: 10441: 9601: 8302: 8300: 8102: 1997:

architecture with 32-bit userland, compatible with x86-64 machines

1790:, also exists for use by the Debian Project and its members only. 1758: 1292: 606:

program to make it possible to run a Debian installer on a single

31: 13533: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13473: 13448: 13224: 13133: 13113: 13050: 12897: 12882: 12739: 12686: 12530: 12472: 12467: 12427: 12422: 12341: 12321: 12266: 12258: 12223: 12218: 12179: 12169: 12111: 12066: 12051: 12041: 11864: 11627:

2 Years of Mobian Birth and growth of a mobile Linux distribution

8983: 7391: 5452:"Results of the meeting in Helsinki about the Vancouver proposal" 4670: 4636: 4606: 4193: 4062: 3983: 3969: 3968:

Debian GNU/kFreeBSD is a discontinued Debian flavor. It used the

3933: 3844: 3832: 3769: 3762: 3548: 2127: 2107: 2047: 2007: 1949: 1945: 1470: 1231: 1206: 1077: 1073: 957: 814: 784: 749: 733: 697: 657: 642: 603: 212: 10986:"Meet Devuan, the Debian fork born from a bitter systemd revolt" 8503: 7510:"Package: dpkg (1.16.15) [security] [essential]" 4227:

The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ -- Chapter 1 – Definitions and overview

4139: 1967:

architecture with 64-bit userland and supporting 32-bit software

1404:(DFSG) define the distinctive meaning of the word "free" as in " 1217:

architectures, and with a choice of desktop environments. These

855:

Debian is still in development and new packages are uploaded to

13503: 13443: 13438: 13286: 13123: 13045: 12985: 12922: 12816: 12633: 12610: 12493: 12442: 12392: 12387: 12204: 12164: 12086: 11834: 11824: 10163:"General Resolution: Endorse the concept of Debian Maintainers" 8297: 7557: 4092: 3949: 3840: 3824: 3796: 2113: 2093: 2022: 2015: 2011: 1980:(ARMv4T instruction set) on various embedded systems (embedded 1964: 1910: 1834:

Hardware requirements are at least those of the kernel and the

1214: 1186:

The default desktop may be chosen from the DVD boot menu among

977: 682: 404: 229: 224: 188: 11275:"A comparison between Debian GNU/hurd and Debuan Gnu/kFreeBSD" 10897:

Amor, J. J.; Robles, G.; González-Barahona, J. M.; Rivas, F.:

10411: 8218: 5759:"Re: Will IceWeasel be based on a fork or on vanilla FireFox?" 5068: 3960: 3811:

to develop, using a different method based on the same model.

2158:

Kurobox Pro, GLAN Tank, Thecus N2100 and QNAP Turbo Stations.

1312:. APT tools share dependency information and cached packages. 538:(SLS) had been a popular Linux distribution and the basis for 13488: 13261: 13244: 13229: 12796: 12786: 12483: 12397: 12362: 8730:"Debian: 17 ans de logiciel libre, 'do-ocracy' et démocratie" 8699: 8533: 8134: 8031:"Linux's RPM/deb split could be replaced by Flatpak vs. snap" 7361: 7155:"on package duplication between Debian and debian-multimedia" 5850: 5618:"Ubuntu Claims 12 Million Users as Lucid Linux Desktop Nears" 5557:"Re: Bits (Nybbles?) from the Vancouver release team meeting" 5526:"Re: Bits (Nybbles?) from the Vancouver release team meeting" 5309: 4848:"Debian's 'Social Contract' with the Free Software Community" 4223:"How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?" 3945: 3941: 3857:) uses Debian Stable as the software source base since 2014. 2181:

solutions. Debian may be customized to run on cash machines.

2143: 2120: 2103: 2081: 2058: 1994: 1563:

service that provides more recent versions of some software.

1379: 1304:(APT) allows a Debian system to retrieve and resolve package 1210: 1187: 1162: 1126: 1081: 1033: 864: 844: 595: 565: 550: 276: 216: 200: 192: 72: 50: 13590:

Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media

7214: 3894: 3551:-compatible software. All Debian developers have individual 3335: 1125:

Multimedia support has been problematic in Debian regarding

395:, developed by the Debian Project, which was established by 12791: 12764: 12681: 12457: 12452: 12081: 12061: 11879: 7876:"Package: fglrx-driver (1:12-6+point-3) [non-free]" 5728:"Behind the Debian and Mozilla dispute over use of Firefox" 5701:

Release Notes for Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (`sarge'), Intel x86

5231: 3907: 2861: 1959:

As of the upcoming Trixie release, the official ports are:

1264: 1199: 1195: 1053: 1049: 1029: 973: 714: 434:

Debian is one of the oldest operating systems based on the

373: 370: 364: 304: 300: 282: 204: 11588: 9217:

Release Notes for Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 (squeeze), ARM EABI

5982: 5980: 5505: 5395: 3704:

but resumed his activities and applied to rejoin in 2014.

2852: 2146:

was supported by the installer in Debian 4.0 and 5.0, and

692: 526:

First announced on August 16, 1993, Debian was founded by

331: 13315: 11917: 11631: 10747:"DSA-1571-1 openssl: predictable random number generator" 9789:"The Emergence of Governance in an Open Source Community" 9033: 8384: 6597:"Usage statistics and market share of Linux for websites" 6452:"How to Get Started With the Windows Subsystem for Linux" 5902:

Release Notes for Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (lenny), Intel x86

5483:"Bits (Nybbles?) from the Vancouver release team meeting" 4359: 4293: 4034: 4019: 3976: 3598:

Its dependencies can be satisfied by packages already in

2801: 1835: 1596:. This branch is updated continually until it is frozen. 1037: 965: 718: 664:

announced plans to base its Linux development on Debian.

617:. During this time the first port to a non-Linux kernel, 16:

Linux distribution based on free and open-source software

11611: 7095:"Window Maker Live CD 2012-03-18 Available for Download" 6565:"Debian Linux Named Most Popular Distro for Web Servers" 4415:"Chapter 1 – Introduction – What is the Debian Project?" 3772:

package distributed with Debian and derivatives such as

3558:

Initially, an accepted package is only available in the

2418:

collaborative software development and testing processes

1716:

release is version 11.7, released on April 29, 2023

1493:

software code is owned and maintained by the for profit

1117:. The Debian 10 installer is available in 76 languages. 807:) was released in May 2013, featuring multiarch support. 11139: 9426: 8891: 8889: 6363:"Best of the Net Awards, October 1998 – Focus On Linux" 5977: 4812: 3745:

a Debian installation both manually and automatically.

3667: 3348:

One important role in Debian's leadership is that of a

2154:

since version 6.0. Other supported NAS devices are the

1808:

One theory about the origin of the Debian logo is that

1272:

package files, and information from the dpkg database.

1028:

Debian offers CD and DVD images specifically built for

546:

in SLS motivated Murdock to launch a new distribution.

11219:"Re: Difference between blends and remastered systems" 11156: 11154: 10360:"Kick-starting the revolution 1.0 – Alexander Larsson" 9925: 7321: 7319: 6307:"2011 LinuxQuestions.org Members Choice Award Winners" 5087: 4449:"New release under development; suggestions requested" 1467:

Linux distribution-agnostic binary software deployment

773:) was released in February 2009, supporting Marvell's 9711: 8674: 6683:"Unofficial non-free CDs including firmware packages" 5139:"New Linux distribution brings Debian to the desktop" 3741:

The Debian project offers documentation and tools to

3699:. Debian security advisories are compatible with the 2824:

tracking system is used by developers and end users.

1925:

on older or low-end systems, but the installation of

1449: 984:, for example as the operating system component of a 376: 322:-compatible licenses, plus proprietary firmware files 11512:

Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking

10097: 10095: 9187:

Release Notes for Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ('etch'), ARM

9147: 9145: 8886: 8001:"General Resolution: Status of the non-free section" 6035: 5933:"Debian decides to adopt time-based release freezes" 5251: 4824: 4030: 3768:

In May 2008, a Debian developer discovered that the

3372:

To improve the support for their favorite technology

2839:

for various other community free software projects.

1064:

support was added with Debian 8 Jessie. Less common

367: 361: 13381: 11359:"Chrooted NetBSD environment available for testing" 11151: 9786: 9157:

Release Notes for Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (lenny), ARM

8237: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8091: 7993: 7443:"4.3. Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting" 7316: 6826:"Debian 8.0 'Jessie' Ditches GNOME and Adopts Xfce" 6011: 6009: 744:In 2006, as a result of a much-publicized dispute, 542:. The perceived poor maintenance and prevalence of 358: 11509: 10580:"Debian To Maintain 6.0 Squeeze As An LTS Release" 7940:"Moving contrib and non-free of master.debian.org" 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 6421:"Microsoft brings Debian GNU/Linux to Azure cloud" 1230:on some architectures and can be used to create a 629:From 1999, the project leader was elected yearly. 10092: 9142: 8437: 8267: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7753: 6992:"RFP: libdvdcss – Library to read scrambled DVDs" 5927: 5925: 5923: 4900:"Building Tiny Linux Systems with Busybox–Part I" 4166:"Dropping mips architecture for bullseye and sid" 3711:branch is supported by the Debian security team; 3220: 2106:architecture supporting 64-bit PowerPC CPUs with 1024:Xfce is default on CD images and non-Linux ports. 13556: 11046:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (December 16, 2009). 10891: 10721:Release Notes for Debian 7.0 (wheezy), 32-bit PC 9183:"Chapter 2 – What's new in Debian GNU/Linux 4.0" 8088: 7348: 6006: 5951: 5845:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (December 18, 2006). 5697:"Chapter 2 – What's new in Debian GNU/Linux 3.1" 5371:"Hackers used unpatched server to breach Debian" 4315:"General Resolution: non-free firmware: results" 3776:made a variety of security keys vulnerable to a 3738:s security is left for the package maintainers. 1984:(EABI)), although support has ended after Buster 980:document viewer. Debian is a popular choice for 829:) was released in July 2019, adding support for 518:, a character who regularly destroyed his toys. 481:to continue financially supporting development. 11045: 10661:"Debian -- News -- Debian 10 "buster" released" 9213:"Chapter 2. What's new in Debian GNU/Linux 6.0" 9153:"Chapter 2. What's new in Debian GNU/Linux 5.0" 8187: 8185: 8183: 8127: 7691: 7272:"Downloading Debian CD/DVD images via HTTP/FTP" 6709:"Package: mate-desktop (1.8.1+dfsg1-1~bpo70+1)" 5844: 5822:. Dunc-Tank. September 19, 2006. Archived from 5305:"Debian leaders: Faster release cycle required" 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 4970:"Ian Jackson is the next Debian Project Leader" 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4290:"Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems" 3867:List of Linux distributions § Debian-based 3602:or by packages being migrated at the same time. 3522:Flowchart of the life cycle of a Debian package 1209:images for CDs, DVDs and USB thumb drives, for 500:Debian distribution codenames are based on the 9686: 9602:"Donations to Software in the Public Interest" 9036:"LoongArch architecture added to Debian Ports" 7807: 7750: 7298:"Installing Debian GNU/Linux via the Internet" 5959:"Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 'Squeeze' release goals" 5920: 5898:"Appendix C. Lenny dedicated to Thiemo Seufer" 5864: 5609: 4245: 2893: 2031:Unofficial ports are available as part of the 1420:area; otherwise, they are included inside the 1157:for installation that can be downloaded using 624: 13367: 12000: 11647: 11056:. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013 10800: 10798: 10070:"AM report for Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo" 9852:"Bits from the RM: Help Wanted, Apply Within" 9787:O'Mahony, Siobhán; Ferraro, Fabrizio (2007). 9034:John Paul Adrian Glaubitz (August 16, 2023). 8916: 8914: 8312: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7060:. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014 7052:"Cool APT Repositories for Ubuntu and Debian" 4878:"It's Time to Talk About Free Software Again" 3591:The migration does not break any packages in 2876: 1356: 587:, Perens initiated the creation of the legal 10189:"Chapter 2. Applying to Become a Maintainer" 9550:"Debian bug tracking system pseudo-packages" 9009:Release Notes for Debian 7.0 (wheezy), S/390 8804:"3.4. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements" 8412: 8180: 7785:"Chapter 4. Resources for Debian Developers" 7240: 7238: 7236: 5585: 5579: 5196:"First Debian Conference : the program" 5063: 5061: 5040:"Constitution for the Debian Project (v1.4)" 5023: 4597: 4595: 4552: 4217: 4215: 3807:(74 million lines of code) would cost about 3695:The Debian project handles security through 3384:To make their Debian maintenance work easier 2416:Debian's policies and team efforts focus on 9243:"Debian Project News – December 10th, 2012" 8130:"The new Debian Linux 7.0 is now available" 7621:"Package: software-center (5.1.2debian3.1)" 6506: 6504: 5419:"Debian drops mainframe, Sparc development" 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4180:"mipsel removed from unstable/experimental" 3547:worldwide. The upload must be signed using 2847:(Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping). 940:Debian 10 console login and welcome message 13374: 13360: 13304: 12007: 11993: 11654: 11640: 11593: 11562:The Debian System: Concepts and Techniques 10965:What is the most popular Linux of them all 10795: 9322:"Debian Project News – December 2nd, 2013" 8911: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8759: 8757: 8724: 8128:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (May 5, 2013). 7826:. Debian. October 28, 2013. Archived from 7465: 7149: 7016: 6225:"Unstable packages' upgrade announcements" 5847:"Disgruntled Debian Developers Delay Etch" 4525: 3860: 3375:They are involved with a Debian derivative 2883: 2869: 339: 11325: 11216: 11162:"Chapter 2. What are Debian Pure Blends?" 11119:Halchenko, Yaroslav (December 21, 2010). 11118: 11008: 10804: 10709: 10067: 8066:"How to Install and Use Flatpak on Linux" 7246:"Downloading Debian CD images with jigdo" 7233: 7049: 5058: 4592: 4531: 4212: 3913:Debian GNU/Hurd is a flavor based on the 3605:The migration is not blocked by a freeze. 2463: 932:Graphical version of the Debian Installer 489: 399:in August, 1993. Debian is the basis for 45:Debian 12 (Bookworm) running its default 11937:Free and open-source software portal 11326:Wiltshire, Jonathan (November 9, 2014). 10300: 9977:"AM report for Jakub Wilk [...]" 9796:University of Alberta School of Business 9687:van Wolffelaar, Jeroen (March 5, 2005). 9472:"Debian New Member – Status DD, non-upl" 9375:"Enterprise Tablet Reference Design Kit" 9060: 8864:"Chapter 4. Existing Debian Pure Blends" 8415:"Debian squeeze waiting for development" 8413:Brockschmidt, Marc (February 15, 2009). 7937: 7900: 6501: 6418: 5757:Sanchez, Roberto C. (October 15, 2006). 5689: 5480: 5449: 5413: 5365: 5105: 4771: 4738:"The FSF is no longer sponsoring Debian" 4732: 4689: 3959: 3944:architecture, making it compatible with 3901: 3893: 3814: 3513: 3496: 3479: 3462: 3445: 3428: 3411: 1940: 1757: 1515: 1360: 1291: 1279: 1183:), where grub version 2 is named grub2. 1019: 935: 927: 916: 908: 783: 746:Mozilla software was rebranded in Debian 732: 696: 469:and Free Software. Because of this, the 12014: 11530: 11507: 11356: 11145: 10944:"Package: ohcount (3.0.0-8 and others)" 10899:Measuring Lenny: the size of Debian 5.0 10574: 10392:from the original on September 25, 2019 10357: 10333:"Package Search Results – dict-bouvier" 10217: 10199:from the original on September 23, 2020 10068:Wiltshire, Jonathan (January 6, 2013). 10036: 9931: 9432: 8787: 8754: 8348: 8306: 8028: 7906:"Re: Debian vs gNewSense – FS criteria" 7017:Gilbertson, Scott (February 16, 2009). 6887:"Central Debian translation statistics" 6789: 6735:"Details of package cinnamon in jessie" 6480: 5787: 5756: 5668: 5662: 5511: 5401: 5269: 5193: 5093: 4998: 4830: 4677:from the original on September 24, 2015 4661: 4643:from the original on September 24, 2015 4565: 4532:Hillesley, Richard (November 2, 2007). 4443: 4395:from the original on September 30, 2017 3799:model. As of May 2024, Black Duck 2173:There are efforts to support Debian on 1499:GNU General Public License, version 3.0 1015: 913:Debian 10 installation menu (BIOS Mode) 693:Sarge and later releases (2005–present) 521: 13557: 11558: 11399:from the original on February 22, 2017 11369:from the original on September 6, 2015 11338:from the original on February 21, 2018 11027:from the original on December 11, 2014 10366:from the original on December 19, 2021 10358:Larsson, Alexander (August 21, 2018). 10282:from the original on November 20, 2008 10103:"Chapter 3. Debian Developer's Duties" 9974: 9913:from the original on November 20, 2008 9831:from the original on November 29, 2011 9717: 9668:from the original on December 26, 2010 9404:"Thieves Planted Malware to Hack ATMs" 9100:from the original on December 16, 2010 9061:Schepler, Daniel (November 20, 2012). 9015:from the original on December 25, 2013 8951: 8933:from the original on September 3, 2014 8920: 8775:from the original on December 28, 2020 8680: 8618:from the original on September 9, 2015 8592:from the original on February 18, 2015 8566:from the original on February 18, 2015 8498: 8496: 8451:. Debian. June 4, 2016. Archived from 8326:. Debian. May 22, 2010. Archived from 8142:from the original on November 29, 2014 8076:from the original on December 18, 2021 8060: 8058: 8043:from the original on December 19, 2021 8024: 8022: 7712:from the original on February 17, 2011 7586: 7480:"Chapter 2. Debian package management" 7354: 7105:from the original on November 29, 2014 7092: 6939:"Debian Installer Buster RC 3 release" 6836:from the original on November 29, 2014 6823: 6745:from the original on September 9, 2015 6489:from the original on February 13, 2016 6419:Bhartiya, Swapnil (December 2, 2015). 6391: 6287:from the original on November 20, 2008 6049:from the original on December 22, 2015 6023:from the original on February 21, 2011 5994:from the original on September 3, 2011 5890: 5878:from the original on February 17, 2009 5725: 5616:Kerner, Sean Michael (April 7, 2010). 5615: 5554: 5257: 5206:from the original on December 25, 2013 5149:from the original on September 9, 2015 5136: 5106:Akkerman, Wichert (October 17, 1999). 4980:from the original on September 9, 2015 4964: 4930: 4894: 4842: 4818: 4425:from the original on December 22, 2015 4300:from the original on November 2, 2023. 4146:from the original on November 22, 2016 4111:Optionally allows the installation of 4073:Comparison of mobile operating systems 3955: 3508: 3491: 3474: 3457: 3440: 3423: 2468: 1857:Minimum processor clock speed (IA-32) 681:The first version of the Debian-based 450:and three foundational documents: the 446:by a team of volunteers guided by the 442:. 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What's new in Debian 7.0" 8964:from the original on October 21, 2014 8834:"5.1. Booting the Installer on S/390" 8814:from the original on January 12, 2021 8662:from the original on January 12, 2018 8540:from the original on February 8, 2015 8514:from the original on January 30, 2024 8481:from the original on October 25, 2014 8109:from the original on October 11, 2011 7795:from the original on October 25, 2008 7050:Granneman, Scott (February 6, 2008). 6998:from the original on December 2, 2018 6972:from the original on October 20, 2014 6963: 6867:from the original on November 4, 2014 6795:"Debian Now Defaults To Xfce Desktop" 6577:from the original on February 9, 2013 6563:Noyes, Katherine (January 11, 2012). 6562: 6544:from the original on January 11, 2012 6450:Hesse, Brendan (September 11, 2018). 6449: 5988:"Backports service becoming official" 5523: 5302: 5224: 5011:from the original on October 18, 2018 4796:. Debian. May 4, 2013. 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What's new in Debian 9" 5939:from the original on March 14, 2011 5800:from the original on March 29, 2016 5769:from the original on August 8, 2014 5628:from the original on April 10, 2010 5567:from the original on August 8, 2014 5536:from the original on August 8, 2014 5493:from the original on August 8, 2014 5462:from the original on August 8, 2014 5317:from the original on August 8, 2014 5118:from the original on August 8, 2014 4200:from the original on March 20, 2018 3761:, unlike operating systems such as 3378:A desire to contribute back to the 2411:Simplified organizational structure 2000:mips64el: Little-endian 64-bit MIPS 1696: 454:, the Debian Constitution, and the 13: 13494:Open and Free Technology Community 11501: 11459:from the original on July 31, 2019 11307:from the original on June 18, 2023 10879:from the original on March 4, 2016 10783:from the original on July 14, 2014 10753:from the original on March 9, 2011 10313:from the original on July 17, 2014 10218:Costela, Leo (February 12, 2010). 10113:from the original on July 16, 2014 10080:from the original on July 25, 2014 10049:from the original on July 25, 2014 10018:from the original on July 25, 2014 9987:from the original on July 25, 2014 9956:from the original on July 25, 2014 9862:from the original on July 25, 2014 9825:"The Debian organization web page" 9768:from the original on July 25, 2014 9699:from the original on July 25, 2014 9530:from the original on June 14, 2018 9414:from the original on June 24, 2014 9349:"InstallingDebianOn TI BeagleBone" 9193:from the original on June 28, 2011 9163:from the original on June 28, 2011 8844:from the original on July 29, 2020 8425:from the original on June 20, 2017 8361:from the original on July 28, 2014 8225:from the original on June 13, 2019 8168:from the original on July 14, 2014 7950:from the original on July 20, 2014 7916:from the original on July 14, 2014 7912:(Mailing list). lists.nongnu.org. 7882:from the original on July 14, 2014 7856:from the original on June 29, 2014 7738:from the original on July 20, 2017 7601:from the original on July 15, 2014 7568:from the original on June 19, 2014 7327:"6.3. Using Individual Components" 7131:from the original on July 14, 2014 6715:from the original on July 14, 2014 6649:"Chapter 2 – Debian kernel source" 6603:from the original on July 18, 2012 6518:from the original on June 21, 2014 6481:Treinen, Ralf (February 8, 2016). 6400:from the original on March 4, 2016 6261:from the original on March 8, 2021 6131:from the original on July 11, 2018 6101:from the original on June 18, 2017 6075:from the original on June 18, 2017 5965:from the original on March 3, 2011 5524:Jarno, Aurélien (March 14, 2005). 5481:Langasek, Steve (March 14, 2005). 5175:from the original on June 29, 2011 4858:from the original on June 10, 2006 4513:from the original on July 31, 2020 3889: 3584:There are no outdated versions in 1450:Cross-distribution package manager 1330:are command tools of the standard 1226:purposes. 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Archived from 11449:"debian-bsd Jul 2019 by thread" 11217:Armstrong, Ben (July 6, 2011). 10498:"Debian Security Audit Project" 10276:"Debian 'testing' distribution" 9632:Software in the Public Interest 9524:"Index of /pub/debian-meetings" 7587:Thomas, Keir (April 13, 2009). 6905: 6879: 6848: 6817: 6783: 6757: 6727: 6701: 6675: 6641: 6615: 6589: 6556: 6530: 6474: 6443: 6412: 6385: 6355: 6325: 6299: 6273: 6243: 6217: 6203:"Debian 12 'bookworm' released" 6195: 6177:"Debian 11 'bullseye' released" 6169: 6151:"Debian 10.0 'buster' released" 6143: 6113: 6095:"Debian 9.0 'Stretch' released" 6087: 6061: 6017:"Debian 6.0 'Squeeze' released" 5872:"Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 released" 5838: 5812: 5781: 5750: 5719: 5669:Murdock, Ian (April 20, 2005). 5654:. Canonical Ltd. Archived from 5640: 5548: 5517: 5474: 5443: 5407: 5359: 5329: 5303:LeMay, Renai (March 18, 2005). 5296: 5272:"Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 released" 5270:Lettice, John (July 23, 2002). 5263: 5218: 5187: 5161: 5130: 5099: 4999:Grobman, Igor (July 14, 1998). 4992: 4958: 4924: 4888: 4870: 4836: 4726: 4655: 4625: 4482: 4437: 4407: 4377: 4333: 2833:Software in the Public Interest 2816:The project maintains official 2436:Debian Free Software Guidelines 2197: 1402:Debian Free Software Guidelines 1395: 1296:Package installed with Aptitude 1202:, and from special disc 1 CDs. 1148: 1095: 1060:support was added in 2014, and 872:Server Distribution of the Year 592:Software in the Public Interest 479:Software in the Public Interest 456:Debian Free Software Guidelines 13499:Open Bioinformatics Foundation 11516:. Princeton University Press. 11508:Coleman, E. Gabriella (2013). 11479:"Debian official announcement" 10839:. Debian BTS. 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April 25, 2015. 5591:"Ubuntu 4.10 announcement" 3864: 3837:boot from external storage 3759:buffer overflow protection 2150:is providing installation 1766:Debian has two logos. The 1731:release is version 10.10. 1708:get minor updates, called 1642:Other branches in Debian: 1509: 1416:, are included inside the 1357:GDebi and other front-ends 1141:codecs, libdvdcss and the 1134:is not hosted at Debian . 1088:and others are available. 1002:Physical Address Extension 991: 493: 484: 13585:IA-32 Linux distributions 13411: 13389: 13299: 13175: 13157: 13104: 13027: 12999: 12872: 12844: 12835: 12732: 12695: 12657: 12619: 12584: 12506: 12355: 12203: 12194: 12120: 12022: 11910: 11898: 11847: 11830:Linux Mint Debian Edition 11817: 11791: 11784: 11723: 11712: 11678: 11669: 11531:Hertzog, Raphaël (2013). 11389:"Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD_why" 11074:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 9689:"Announcing project scud" 9662:A Brief History of Debian 9628:"SPI Associated Projects" 9269:"Package: matchbox (1:5)" 8870:. Debian. June 19, 2013. 8765:"2.1. Supported Hardware" 7589:"10 Expert Ubuntu Tricks" 7191:. Debian. June 14, 2013. 7078:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6121:"Debian 9's release date" 6097:. Debian. June 17, 2017. 5961:. Debian. July 30, 2009. 5935:. Debian. July 29, 2009. 5108:"New maintainer proposal" 4794:A Brief History of Debian 4708:A Brief History of Debian 4457:comp.os.linux.development 4419:A Brief History of Debian 3668:optional package managers 2802:Debian Voting Information 2799: 2522:— 2509:— 2483:— 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2368: 2364: 2362: 2346: 2344: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2269: 2267: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 1923:graphical user interfaces 1346:text-based user interface 1153:Debian offers DVD and CD 1109:to the barely translated 948:that contain over 51,000 326: 313: 285:on CD and non-Linux ports 266: 254: 236: 184: 174: 159: 149: 139: 119: 101: 91: 83: 68: 58: 38: 29: 13277:Softlanding Linux System 12556:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 11225:(Mailing list). Debian. 11121:"Derivatives Guidelines" 10837:"valgrind-clean the RNG" 10749:. Debian. May 13, 2008. 10635:"Securing Debian Manual" 10612:. Debian. Archived from 10309:(Mailing list). Debian. 10076:(Mailing list). Debian. 10045:(Mailing list). Debian. 10014:(Mailing list). Debian. 9983:(Mailing list). Debian. 9952:(Mailing list). Debian. 9907:"Debian New Maintainers" 9884:. Debian. Archived from 9858:(Mailing list). Debian. 9738:(Mailing list). Debian. 9695:(Mailing list). Debian. 9658:"Chapter 2 – Leadership" 9604:. Debian. May 10, 2014. 8960:(Mailing list). Debian. 8929:(Mailing list). Debian. 8421:(Mailing list). Debian. 8357:(Mailing list). Debian. 7977:(Mailing list). Debian. 7946:(Mailing list). Debian. 7706:"Debian Social Contract" 7274:. Debian. May 17, 2014. 7248:. Debian. May 10, 2014. 7217:. Debian. May 10, 2014. 6941:. Debian. July 3, 2019. 6483:"50.000 binary packages" 6153:. Debian. July 6, 2019. 5765:(Mailing list). Debian. 5563:(Mailing list). Debian. 5532:(Mailing list). Debian. 5489:(Mailing list). Debian. 5458:(Mailing list). Debian. 5202:(Mailing list). Debian. 5145:(Mailing list). Debian. 5114:(Mailing list). Debian. 5007:(Mailing list). Debian. 4976:(Mailing list). Debian. 4942:(Mailing list). Debian. 4854:(Mailing list). Debian. 4341:"Debian Social Contract" 4229:. Debian. Archived from 4098: 3783: 2010:architecture supporting 1443:Free Software Foundation 1344:tool that also offers a 882:award for October 1998. 788:Debian 6 (Squeeze), 2011 752:forked as Iceweasel and 562:Free Software Foundation 536:Softlanding Linux System 471:Free Software Foundation 401:many other distributions 13575:ARM Linux distributions 13066:Linux for PlayStation 2 10904:March 24, 2021, at the 10388:. Debian Release Team. 9664:. Debian. May 4, 2013. 6205:. Debian. June 10, 2023 6045:. Debian. May 4, 2013. 5648:"About Ubuntu Insights" 4710:. Debian. May 4, 2013. 4421:. Debian. May 4, 2013. 3994:is an abbreviation for 3861:Derivatives and flavors 3553:cryptographic key pairs 3536:developers is advised. 3380:free-software community 2099:powerpc: 32-bit PowerPC 2006:ppc64el: Little-endian 1718:; 16 months ago 1528:of Debian (also called 1495:Canonical Group Limited 1302:Advanced Packaging Tool 817:as the new init system. 105:September 15, 1993 12715:Open Enterprise Server 11696:Debian Social Contract 10970:July 29, 2020, at the 10442:"Security Information" 10303:"FINAL release update" 9042:(Mailing list). Debian 7538:. Debian. June 5, 2012 7127:. deb-multimedia.org. 4566:Scheetz, Dale (1998). 4492:Ubuntu: Up and Running 4194:"RISC-V - Debian Wiki" 4078:Debian version history 3965: 3910: 3899: 3632:branch become the new 3588:for any release ports. 2855:Debian project leaders 2441:Open Source Definition 2427:Debian Social Contract 2175:wireless access points 1956: 1921:It is possible to run 1763: 1521: 1512:Debian version history 1497:, with an open source 1366: 1297: 1289: 1025: 941: 933: 925: 914: 789: 741: 702: 496:Debian version history 490:Debian version history 476:nonprofit organization 452:Debian Social Contract 107:; 31 years ago 13119:Damn Vulnerable Linux 12710:SUSE Linux Enterprise 12107:Resurrection Remix OS 11485:on September 27, 2023 11419:"Debian GNU/kFreeBSD" 11332:debian-devel-announce 10815:MIT Technology Review 10307:debian-devel-announce 10039:"AM report for vicho" 9856:debian-devel-announce 9736:debian-devel-announce 9126:. February 24, 2011. 9040:debian-devel-announce 8927:debian-devel-announce 8644:on February 18, 2015. 8638:"Debian Chooses Logo" 8586:"Debian Logo Contest" 8419:debian-devel-announce 8219:"snapshot.debian.org" 8193:"Debian security FAQ" 8072:. November 27, 2020. 7732:"License information" 7392:"Live install images" 5658:on September 6, 2015. 5487:debian-devel-announce 5456:debian-devel-announce 5200:debian-devel-announce 4936:"I am leaving Debian" 4489:Nixon, Robin (2010). 3963: 3905: 3897: 3815:Forks and derivatives 2837:umbrella organization 2092:and various embedded 1944: 1854:Recommended RAM size 1761: 1519: 1364: 1295: 1283: 1023: 939: 931: 920: 912: 885:On December 2, 2015, 787: 736: 701:Debian 4 (Etch), 2007 700: 589:umbrella organization 514:trunk is named after 448:Debian Project Leader 127:; 20 days ago 13235:Linux Router Project 11601:Debian vs Arch Linux 11281:on November 24, 2015 11192:"Debian Jr. Project" 10137:Debian Policy Manual 9011:. November 9, 2014. 8742:on November 20, 2016 8728:(December 4, 2010). 8706:on November 10, 2013 7824:Debian Policy Manual 7564:. January 24, 2006. 7424:on February 14, 2014 7418:"Debian Live Manual" 7337:on December 24, 2013 5589:(October 20, 2004). 5369:(December 2, 2003). 4968:(December 1, 1997). 4898:(November 1, 2000). 4800:on December 21, 2019 4639:. January 31, 1994. 4373:on November 3, 2023. 4182:. September 2, 2023. 3723:is supported by the 2189:open-source hardware 1955:booting Debian Lenny 1931:desktop environments 1913:. The installer for 1860:Hard-drive capacity 1551:is made by freezing 1485:BSD 2-Clause License 1433:proprietary software 1410:Modified BSD License 1016:Desktop environments 921:Text version of the 669:internationalization 522:Founding (1993–1998) 390:free and open source 13610:Linux distributions 13167:SUSE Studio Express 12934:Other derivatives: 12016:Linux distributions 11804:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 11771:Scott James Remnant 11565:. No Starch Press. 11395:. October 5, 2011. 10697:on November 3, 2004 10412:"LTS - Debian Wiki" 9732:"Bits from the DPL" 8984:"Debian for RISC-V" 8726:Zacchiroli, Stefano 8510:. First paragraph. 7904:(October 6, 2007). 7151:Zacchiroli, Stefano 6739:packages.debian.org 6396:. Microsoft Azure. 5826:on October 10, 2006 5820:"Press Information" 5652:Insights.Ubuntu.com 5514:, pp. 153–154. 5404:, pp. 150–156. 4665:(January 6, 1994). 4447:(August 16, 1993). 4321:on November 2, 2023 3956:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 3940:). The CD uses the 2826:Internet Relay Chat 2456: 2448:Debian Constitution 2130:userland for x86-64 1989:floating-point unit 1787:restricted-use logo 1617:, always codenamed 1006:real-time computing 502:names of characters 166:in Stable edition, 47:desktop environment 26: 13041:BLAG Linux and GNU 12908:Linux Caixa Mágica 11776:Stefano Zacchiroli 11736:Benjamin Mako Hill 11166:Debian Pure Blends 11015:Larabel, Michael. 10616:on October 5, 2008 10578:(April 18, 2014). 10474:. April 16, 2014. 10220:"DebianMentorsFaq" 8868:Debian Pure Blends 8330:on August 15, 2015 6793:(August 8, 2012). 6367:The Mining Company 6339:. August 4, 2011. 6313:. February 9, 2012 6311:LinuxQuestions.org 5677:on August 19, 2014 5587:Shuttleworth, Mark 5417:(March 14, 2005). 5347:on August 19, 2014 4934:(March 18, 1998). 4746:comp.os.linux.misc 4736:(April 28, 1996). 4168:. August 20, 2019. 4000:technology preview 3966: 3930:virtual disk image 3924:), instead of the 3911: 3900: 3879:Debian Pure Blends 3819:A large number of 3541:digital signatures 3291:Stefano Zacchiroli 2454: 2218:General Resolution 1957: 1814:Stefano Zacchiroli 1764: 1522: 1367: 1298: 1290: 1247:Package management 1143:Adobe Flash Player 1121:Multimedia support 1026: 976:image editor, and 942: 934: 926: 915: 790: 742: 703: 393:Linux distribution 64:The Debian Project 24: 21:Linux distribution 13552: 13551: 13349: 13348: 13295: 13294: 13240:MCC Interim Linux 13183:Caldera OpenLinux 12502: 12501: 11982: 11981: 11843: 11842: 11809:Debian Pure Blend 11572:978-1-59327-069-8 11544:979-10-91414-03-6 11523:978-0-691-14461-0 10806:Garfinkel, Simson 9634:. July 14, 2014. 9379:Texas Instruments 8103:"Debian Releases" 7902:Stallman, Richard 6431:on April 23, 2016 5143:debian-commercial 4884:on July 16, 2014. 4821:, pp. 31–32. 4734:Stallman, Richard 4506:978-0-596-80484-8 4347:. October 1, 2022 4253:"Debian -- About" 4140:"Debian -- Ports" 4113:non-free firmware 3753:features such as 3717:long-term support 3697:public disclosure 3520: 3519: 3339: 3338: 3216:2025 — 3206:2024 — 3196:2023 — 3186:2022 — 3176:2021 — 3166:2020 — 3156:2019 — 3146:2018 — 3136:2017 — 3126:2016 — 3116:2015 — 3106:2014 — 3096:2013 — 3086:2012 — 3076:2011 — 3066:2010 — 3056:2009 — 3046:2008 — 3036:2007 — 3026:2006 — 3016:2005 — 3006:2004 — 2996:2003 — 2986:2002 — 2976:2001 — 2966:2000 — 2956:1999 — 2946:1998 — 2936:1997 — 2926:1996 — 2916:1995 — 2906:1994 — 2896:1993 — 2807: 2806: 2408: 2407: 1903: 1902: 1475:LGPL-2.1-or-later 602:. He created the 384:), also known as 347: 346: 164:Long-term support 13622: 13544:X.Org Foundation 13397:Martin Michlmayr 13376: 13369: 13362: 13353: 13352: 13339: 13338: 13329: 13321:Linux portal 13319: 13318: 13307: 13306: 13096:Yellow Dog Linux 13081:Think Blue Linux 13071:Scientific Linux 12946:CrunchBang Linux 12842: 12841: 12383:Damn Small Linux 12201: 12200: 12092:Paranoid Android 12009: 12002: 11995: 11986: 11985: 11970: 11958: 11957: 11946: 11945: 11935: 11934: 11933: 11923:Linux portal 11921: 11920: 11875:Debian-Installer 11789: 11788: 11751:Martin Michlmayr 11718: 11656: 11649: 11642: 11633: 11632: 11617:Debian GNU/Linux 11597: 11592: 11591: 11589:Official website 11576: 11555: 11553: 11551: 11527: 11515: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11453:lists.debian.org 11445: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11415: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11385: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11374: 11365:(Mailing list). 11354: 11348: 11347: 11345: 11343: 11334:(Mailing list). 11323: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11297: 11291: 11290: 11288: 11286: 11277:. Archived from 11271: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11251:(Mailing list). 11245: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11234: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11188: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11177: 11158: 11149: 11143: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11132: 11116: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11105: 11086: 11080: 11079: 11073: 11065: 11063: 11061: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11012: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10984:Hoffman, Chris. 10981: 10975: 10962: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10951: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10919:"Estimated Cost" 10915: 10909: 10895: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10884: 10878: 10867: 10859: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10848: 10833: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10822: 10808:(May 20, 2008). 10802: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10769: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10713: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10687: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10606: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10576:Larabel, Michael 10572: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10561: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10520: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10438: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10418:. July 3, 2018. 10408: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10397: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10355: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10298: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10272: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10185: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10174: 10165:. Debian. 2007. 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10099: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10003: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9941: 9935: 9929: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9804: 9793: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9727: 9721: 9715: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9684: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9654: 9648: 9647: 9645: 9643: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9494: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9468: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9442: 9436: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9410:. May 30, 2014. 9400: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9390: 9385:on June 12, 2014 9381:. Archived from 9371: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9344: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9149: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9124:Martin Michlmayr 9116: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9058: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9031: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9001: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8980: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8893: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8860: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8840:. Debian. 2015. 8830: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8810:. Debian. 2019. 8800: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8771:. Debian. 2019. 8761: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8741: 8734: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8702:. Archived from 8690: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8652: 8646: 8645: 8640:. Archived from 8634: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8500: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8396: 8387:. May 13, 2014. 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8316: 8310: 8304: 8295: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8241: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8189: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8099: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8062: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8026: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8003:. Debian. 2004. 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7921: 7910:gnuherds-app-dev 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7852:. Debian. 2006. 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7830:on July 13, 2014 7816: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7781: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7728: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7702: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7484:Debian Reference 7476: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7449:. Debian. 2010. 7439: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7374: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7323: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7242: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7161:(Mailing list). 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7077: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6791:Larabel, Michael 6787: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6127:. May 26, 2017. 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6013: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5984: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5929: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5673:. Archived from 5666: 5660: 5659: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5415:Orlowski, Andrew 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5367:Orlowski, Andrew 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5300: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5036: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4880:. Archived from 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4846:(July 5, 1997). 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4786: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4700: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4563: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4369:. Archived from 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4317:. Archived from 4311: 4302: 4301: 4286: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4233:on April 2, 2019 4219: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4136: 4119: 4109: 4057: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4043: 4038: 4037: 3898:Logo of GNU Hurd 3851:Debian Edition ( 3810: 3794: 3737: 3399: 3398: 3268:Branden Robinson 3262:Martin Michlmayr 3244:Wichert Akkerman 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2850: 2470: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2205: 2204: 2163:system on a chip 2148:Martin Michlmayr 2080:architecture on 2021:riscv64: 64-bit 1978:ARM architecture 1841: 1840: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1697:Numbering scheme 1602: 1569: 1439:Richard Stallman 1414:Artistic License 1205:Debian releases 970:VLC media player 923:Debian Installer 711:Debian-Installer 555:operating system 510:films. Debian's 386:Debian GNU/Linux 383: 382: 379: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 343: 338: 335: 333: 327:Official website 135: 133: 128: 115: 113: 108: 43: 34: 27: 23: 13630: 13629: 13625: 13624: 13623: 13621: 13620: 13619: 13555: 13554: 13553: 13548: 13464:Gallery Project 13454:freedesktop.org 13407: 13385: 13380: 13350: 13345: 13313: 13291: 13220:Foresight Linux 13171: 13153: 13100: 13023: 13009:Container Linux 12995: 12981:Musix GNU+Linux 12888:Black Lab Linux 12868: 12831: 12822:Tiny Core Linux 12728: 12691: 12653: 12639:OpenMandriva Lx 12615: 12594:Calculate Linux 12580: 12498: 12448:Raspberry Pi OS 12351: 12234:Ubuntu Cinnamon 12190: 12116: 12097:PixelExperience 12018: 12013: 11983: 11978: 11931: 11929: 11915: 11906: 11894: 11839: 11813: 11799:Debian GNU/Hurd 11780: 11719: 11710: 11701:Project leaders 11674: 11665: 11660: 11608:Wayback Machine 11587: 11586: 11583: 11573: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11524: 11504: 11502:Further reading 11499: 11498: 11488: 11486: 11477: 11476: 11472: 11462: 11460: 11447: 11446: 11442: 11432: 11430: 11417: 11416: 11412: 11402: 11400: 11387: 11386: 11382: 11372: 11370: 11355: 11351: 11341: 11339: 11324: 11320: 11310: 11308: 11299: 11298: 11294: 11284: 11282: 11273: 11272: 11268: 11258: 11256: 11247: 11246: 11242: 11232: 11230: 11215: 11211: 11201: 11199: 11190: 11189: 11185: 11175: 11173: 11160: 11159: 11152: 11144: 11140: 11130: 11128: 11123:. Debian Wiki. 11117: 11113: 11103: 11101: 11088: 11087: 11083: 11067: 11066: 11059: 11057: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11013: 11009: 10999: 10997: 10982: 10978: 10972:Wayback Machine 10963: 10959: 10949: 10947: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10927: 10925: 10917: 10916: 10912: 10906:Wayback Machine 10896: 10892: 10882: 10880: 10876: 10865: 10861: 10860: 10856: 10846: 10844: 10835: 10834: 10830: 10820: 10818: 10803: 10796: 10786: 10784: 10773:"CVE-2008-0166" 10771: 10770: 10766: 10756: 10754: 10745: 10744: 10740: 10730: 10728: 10715: 10714: 10710: 10700: 10698: 10689: 10688: 10684: 10674: 10672: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10619: 10617: 10608: 10607: 10603: 10593: 10591: 10573: 10569: 10559: 10557: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10533: 10531: 10522: 10521: 10517: 10507: 10505: 10496: 10495: 10491: 10481: 10479: 10466: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10440: 10439: 10435: 10425: 10423: 10416:Debian LTS Team 10410: 10409: 10405: 10395: 10393: 10384: 10383: 10379: 10369: 10367: 10356: 10352: 10342: 10340: 10331: 10330: 10326: 10316: 10314: 10299: 10295: 10285: 10283: 10274: 10273: 10269: 10259: 10257: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10229: 10227: 10222:. Debian Wiki. 10216: 10212: 10202: 10200: 10187: 10186: 10182: 10172: 10170: 10161: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10131: 10130: 10126: 10116: 10114: 10101: 10100: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10074:debian-newmaint 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10043:debian-newmaint 10035: 10031: 10021: 10019: 10012:debian-newmaint 10004: 10000: 9990: 9988: 9981:debian-newmaint 9973: 9969: 9959: 9957: 9950:debian-newmaint 9942: 9938: 9930: 9926: 9916: 9914: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9891: 9889: 9888:on July 6, 2014 9880: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9848: 9844: 9834: 9832: 9823: 9822: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9805:on May 29, 2008 9802: 9791: 9785: 9781: 9771: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9745: 9743: 9728: 9724: 9716: 9712: 9702: 9700: 9685: 9681: 9671: 9669: 9656: 9655: 9651: 9641: 9639: 9626: 9625: 9621: 9611: 9609: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9585: 9583: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9557: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9533: 9531: 9522: 9521: 9517: 9507: 9505: 9496: 9495: 9491: 9481: 9479: 9470: 9469: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9431: 9427: 9417: 9415: 9402: 9401: 9397: 9388: 9386: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9358: 9356: 9351:. 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Debian Wiki. 9059: 9055: 9045: 9043: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9016: 9003: 9002: 8998: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8977: 8967: 8965: 8958:debian-embedded 8950: 8946: 8936: 8934: 8919: 8912: 8902: 8900: 8895: 8894: 8887: 8877: 8875: 8862: 8861: 8857: 8847: 8845: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8817: 8815: 8802: 8801: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8763: 8762: 8755: 8745: 8743: 8739: 8732: 8723: 8719: 8709: 8707: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8665: 8663: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8569: 8567: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8543: 8541: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8517: 8515: 8502: 8501: 8494: 8484: 8482: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8456: 8455:on July 4, 2014 8443: 8442: 8438: 8428: 8426: 8411: 8407: 8394: 8392: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8298: 8288: 8286: 8273: 8272: 8268: 8258: 8256: 8243: 8242: 8238: 8228: 8226: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8191: 8190: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8126: 8122: 8112: 8110: 8101: 8100: 8089: 8079: 8077: 8064: 8063: 8056: 8046: 8044: 8027: 8020: 8010: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7967: 7963: 7953: 7951: 7936: 7932: 7919: 7917: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7818: 7817: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7783: 7782: 7751: 7741: 7739: 7730: 7729: 7725: 7715: 7713: 7704: 7703: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7671: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7645: 7644: 7640: 7630: 7628: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7604: 7602: 7585: 7581: 7571: 7569: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7539: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7519: 7517: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7493: 7491: 7478: 7477: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7441: 7440: 7436: 7427: 7425: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7401: 7399: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7372: 7370: 7353: 7349: 7340: 7338: 7325: 7324: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7244: 7243: 7234: 7224: 7222: 7215:"Debian on CDs" 7213: 7212: 7208: 7198: 7196: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7172: 7170: 7153:(May 5, 2012). 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7091: 7087: 7071: 7070: 7063: 7061: 7048: 7044: 7034: 7032: 7015: 7011: 7001: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6968:. Debian Wiki. 6962: 6958: 6948: 6946: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6922: 6920: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6896: 6894: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6870: 6868: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6822: 6818: 6808: 6806: 6788: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6748: 6746: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6663:on June 4, 2014 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6599:. 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5622:LinuxPlanet.com 5614: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5595:ubuntu-announce 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5522: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5412: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5301: 5297: 5287: 5285: 5268: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5223: 5219: 5209: 5207: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5135: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5038: 5037: 5024: 5014: 5012: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4974:debian-announce 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4893: 4889: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4852:debian-announce 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4788: 4787: 4772: 4762: 4760: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4663:Murdock, Ian A. 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4601: 4600: 4593: 4578: 4564: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4507: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4445:Murdock, Ian A. 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4313: 4312: 4305: 4288: 4287: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4122: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4029: 3958: 3892: 3890:Debian GNU/Hurd 3869: 3863: 3827:, developed by 3817: 3809:US$ 1.6 billion 3808: 3789: 3786: 3735: 3693: 3676: 3570:It has been in 3525: 3524: 3523: 3395: 3359: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3324:Jonathan Carter 3321: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 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838: 824: 818: 808: 802: 768: 762: 695: 662:Hewlett-Packard 627: 619:Debian GNU/Hurd 581:social contract 524: 498: 492: 487: 357: 353: 330: 269: 228: 219: 176:Package manager 168:rolling release 131: 129: 126: 111: 109: 106: 102:Initial release 54: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13628: 13618: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13408: 13406: 13405: 13400: 13393: 13391: 13387: 13386: 13379: 13378: 13371: 13364: 13356: 13347: 13346: 13344: 13343: 13333: 13323: 13311: 13300: 13297: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13253: 13252: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13211: 13210: 13200: 13198:Familiar Linux 13195: 13190: 13185: 13179: 13177: 13173: 13172: 13170: 13169: 13163: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13110: 13108: 13102: 13101: 13099: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13037: 13035: 13025: 13024: 13022: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13005: 13003: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12931: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12878: 12876: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12850: 12848: 12839: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12773: 12772: 12762: 12760:Clear Linux OS 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12736: 12734: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12726: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12701: 12699: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12667:Austrumi Linux 12663: 12661: 12655: 12654: 12652: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12625: 12623: 12617: 12616: 12614: 12613: 12608: 12607: 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Steve Kemp. 10515: 10489: 10459: 10433: 10403: 10377: 10350: 10324: 10293: 10267: 10237: 10210: 10180: 10154: 10124: 10091: 10060: 10029: 9998: 9967: 9936: 9924: 9898: 9873: 9842: 9816: 9779: 9753: 9722: 9710: 9693:debian-project 9679: 9649: 9619: 9593: 9567: 9541: 9515: 9489: 9463: 9437: 9435:, p. 143. 9425: 9395: 9366: 9339: 9313: 9286: 9260: 9234: 9204: 9174: 9141: 9111: 9088:Brown, Silas. 9080: 9053: 9026: 8996: 8975: 8944: 8910: 8885: 8855: 8825: 8786: 8753: 8717: 8685: 8673: 8647: 8629: 8603: 8577: 8551: 8525: 8504:"Debian logos" 8492: 8466: 8436: 8405: 8372: 8341: 8311: 8309:, Section 1.6. 8296: 8266: 8236: 8210: 8179: 8153: 8120: 8087: 8054: 8018: 7992: 7961: 7930: 7893: 7867: 7841: 7806: 7749: 7723: 7690: 7664: 7638: 7612: 7579: 7549: 7527: 7501: 7464: 7434: 7409: 7383: 7347: 7315: 7289: 7263: 7232: 7206: 7180: 7142: 7116: 7085: 7057:Linux Magazine 7042: 7009: 6983: 6956: 6930: 6904: 6878: 6847: 6816: 6782: 6756: 6726: 6700: 6674: 6640: 6614: 6588: 6555: 6529: 6500: 6473: 6442: 6411: 6384: 6373:on May 4, 1999 6354: 6324: 6298: 6272: 6255:www.debian.org 6242: 6216: 6194: 6168: 6142: 6112: 6086: 6060: 6034: 6005: 5976: 5950: 5919: 5889: 5863: 5837: 5811: 5780: 5749: 5718: 5688: 5661: 5639: 5608: 5597:(Mailing list) 5578: 5547: 5516: 5504: 5473: 5442: 5406: 5394: 5358: 5328: 5295: 5262: 5250: 5217: 5186: 5160: 5129: 5112:debian-project 5098: 5096:, p. 141. 5086: 5057: 5022: 4991: 4957: 4923: 4887: 4869: 4835: 4823: 4811: 4770: 4725: 4688: 4654: 4633:"Release-0.91" 4624: 4591: 4576: 4551: 4524: 4505: 4497:O'Reilly Media 4481: 4436: 4406: 4376: 4358: 4332: 4303: 4274: 4244: 4211: 4185: 4171: 4157: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4044: 4028: 4025: 3957: 3954: 3891: 3888: 3883:Debian Science 3865:Main article: 3862: 3859: 3829:Canonical Ltd. 3816: 3813: 3785: 3782: 3692: 3689: 3675: 3672: 3619:perpetual beta 3607: 3606: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3358: 3355: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3297:Lucas Nussbaum 3296: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3285:Steve McIntyre 3284: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2845:Schulze method 2805: 2804: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2431: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2187:, a low-power 2132: 2131: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2051: 2044: 2035:distribution: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1991: 1985: 1973:armel: Little- 1971: 1968: 1938: 1935: 1915:z/Architecture 1911:swap partition 1901: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1845: 1831: 1828: 1810:Buzz Lightyear 1755: 1752: 1710:point releases 1698: 1695: 1687: 1686: 1676: 1662: 1640: 1639: 1612: 1579: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1488: 1478: 1468: 1451: 1448: 1397: 1394: 1386:GNOME Software 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1335: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1277: 1274: 1258: 1250: 1243: 1240: 1150: 1147: 1122: 1119: 1097: 1094: 1017: 1014: 993: 990: 906: 903: 694: 691: 687:Canonical Ltd. 626: 623: 523: 520: 494:Main article: 491: 488: 486: 483: 345: 344: 328: 324: 323: 317: 311: 310: 309: 308: 286: 280: 272: 270:user interface 264: 263: 258: 252: 251: 241: 234: 233: 186: 182: 181: 178: 172: 171: 161: 157: 156: 153: 147: 146: 145:deb.debian.org 143: 137: 136: 123: 121:Latest release 117: 116: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 70: 66: 65: 62: 56: 55: 44: 36: 35: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13627: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13570:1993 software 13568: 13566: 13563: 13562: 13560: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13404: 13401: 13398: 13395: 13394: 13392: 13388: 13384: 13377: 13372: 13370: 13365: 13363: 13358: 13357: 13354: 13342: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13310: 13302: 13301: 13298: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13174: 13168: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13160: 13156: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13144:TopologiLinux 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13111: 13109: 13107: 13103: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13076:Red Hat Linux 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13034: 13030: 13026: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13014:Sabayon Linux 13012: 13010: 13007: 13006: 13004: 13002: 12998: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12961:Feather Linux 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12871: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12834: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12771: 12768: 12767: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12755:Chimera Linux 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12731: 12723: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12706: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12698: 12694: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12664: 12662: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12622: 12618: 12612: 12609: 12605: 12602: 12601: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12583: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12536:MIRACLE LINUX 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12526:CentOS Stream 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12505: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12378:BlankOn Linux 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12354: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12317:Peppermint OS 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12277:elementary OS 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265:Derivatives: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12249:Ubuntu Studio 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12229:Ubuntu Budgie 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12193: 12187: 12184: 12182:(3.0 onwards) 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12160:Hyperbola GNU 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12123: 12119: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12010: 12005: 12003: 11998: 11996: 11991: 11990: 11987: 11975: 11974: 11969: 11965: 11963: 11962: 11953: 11951: 11950: 11941: 11939: 11938: 11927: 11925: 11924: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11891: 11888: 11885: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11852: 11850: 11846: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11816: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11790: 11787: 11783: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11761:Jonathan Oxer 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11722: 11717: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11683: 11681: 11677: 11673: 11668: 11664: 11657: 11652: 11650: 11645: 11643: 11638: 11637: 11634: 11628: 11625:Fosdem 2022, 11624: 11622: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11602: 11599: 11596: 11590: 11585: 11584: 11574: 11568: 11564: 11563: 11557: 11546: 11540: 11536: 11535: 11529: 11525: 11519: 11514: 11513: 11506: 11505: 11484: 11480: 11474: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11444: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11414: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11384: 11368: 11364: 11360: 11353: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11322: 11306: 11302: 11296: 11280: 11276: 11270: 11259:September 10, 11254: 11250: 11244: 11228: 11224: 11223:debian-blends 11220: 11213: 11197: 11193: 11187: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11157: 11155: 11147: 11142: 11126: 11122: 11115: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11077: 11071: 11070:cite magazine 11055: 11054: 11049: 11042: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11011: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10980: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10961: 10945: 10939: 10924: 10921:. Black Duck 10920: 10914: 10907: 10903: 10900: 10894: 10875: 10871: 10864: 10858: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10817: 10816: 10811: 10807: 10801: 10799: 10782: 10778: 10774: 10768: 10752: 10748: 10742: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10696: 10692: 10686: 10670: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10640: 10636: 10630: 10615: 10611: 10605: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10529: 10525: 10519: 10503: 10499: 10493: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10447: 10443: 10437: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10407: 10396:September 27, 10391: 10387: 10381: 10365: 10361: 10354: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10297: 10281: 10277: 10271: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10241: 10225: 10221: 10214: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10168: 10164: 10158: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10128: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10096: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10002: 9986: 9982: 9978: 9971: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9940: 9934:, p. 13. 9933: 9928: 9912: 9908: 9902: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9846: 9830: 9826: 9820: 9801: 9797: 9790: 9783: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9726: 9720:, p. 34. 9719: 9714: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9683: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9653: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9581: 9577: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9529: 9525: 9519: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9434: 9429: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9399: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9370: 9354: 9350: 9343: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9301: 9297: 9290: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9248: 9244: 9238: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9208: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9146: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9115: 9099: 9095: 9094:Linux Gazette 9091: 9084: 9068: 9064: 9057: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8985: 8979: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8917: 8915: 8898: 8892: 8890: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8859: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8760: 8758: 8738: 8731: 8727: 8721: 8705: 8701: 8698:(Billboard). 8697: 8696: 8689: 8683:, p. 66. 8682: 8677: 8661: 8657: 8651: 8643: 8639: 8633: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8565: 8561: 8560:"Logo credit" 8555: 8539: 8535: 8529: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8497: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8440: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8376: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8345: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8315: 8308: 8303: 8301: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8124: 8108: 8104: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8059: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8025: 8023: 8011:September 28, 8006: 8002: 7996: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7965: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7934: 7927: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7897: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7626: 7622: 7616: 7600: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7583: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7537: 7531: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7423: 7419: 7413: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7380: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7351: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7320: 7303: 7299: 7293: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7089: 7081: 7075: 7074:cite magazine 7059: 7058: 7053: 7046: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7020: 7013: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6960: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6892: 6888: 6882: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6820: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6714: 6710: 6704: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6559: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6446: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6415: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6312: 6308: 6302: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6204: 6198: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6116: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6010: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5981: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5943:September 12, 5938: 5934: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5877: 5873: 5867: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5676: 5672: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5446: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5266: 5260:, p. 33. 5259: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5221: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5190: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5133: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5090: 5074: 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