311:, Levine examines the role of increasing returns in growth and innovation. They posit that little evidence exists for increasing returns at the aggregate level, and thus argue that there is no reason to believe that increasing returns play an important role in growth. This theory concludes that existing claims for the necessity of intellectual property in the process of growth and innovation are greatly exaggerated.
322:
the first "folk theorem" for games in which players do not directly observe each other's decisions, with applications for learning in games. They argued that while learning theories cannot provide detailed descriptions of non-equilibrium behavior, they act as a useful tool in understanding which
326:
Levine currently studies the endogenous formation of preferences and social norms. His analysis of experimental anomalies explores some of the limitations of the standard economic model of self-interested individuals.
1617:
257:
Professor of
Economics at UCLA. In 2006, he moved to Washington University in St. Louis, where he became the John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics. In 2023, he became the
1637:
1647:
1622:
1612:
1632:
433:
483:
323:
equilibria are likely to emerge. One example of this, they put forward, explains how superstitions survive in the face of rational learning.
1642:
1597:
1592:
1627:
318:
that a long-lived player playing in opposition to short-lived players can substitute reputation for commitment. He developed with
1607:
520:
104:
65:
52:
1419:
292:
262:
178:
116:
470:
1236:
771:
569:
186:
108:
1055:
874:
1602:
676:
1145:
460:
1015:
686:
854:
1196:
614:
589:
281:
201:
and endogenous growth in dynamic general equilibrium models, the endogenous formation of preferences, social
182:
112:
1546:
972:
726:
716:
651:
162:
766:
746:
270:
197:
Chair in
Economic Theory and twice served as Chair of the Department. His research includes the study of
1480:
1231:
1201:
859:
701:
696:
304:
151:
480:
177:(born c. 1955) is an American economist. He is the Leverhulme International Professor of Economics at
1516:
1439:
1175:
731:
656:
513:
307:, focusing specifically on growth theory, innovation, and intellectual property. Collaborating with
1531:
1264:
1150:
947:
741:
559:
1334:
1536:
1135:
1105:
761:
549:
250:
344:
1587:
1561:
1541:
1521:
1470:
1140:
1045:
904:
849:
781:
751:
671:
599:
210:
1582:
1020:
1005:
579:
198:
1354:
1339:
1226:
1221:
1125:
1110:
1075:
1040:
639:
584:
506:
8:
1511:
1130:
1080:
917:
844:
824:
681:
564:
288:
246:
93:
1170:
1490:
1349:
1180:
1160:
1010:
889:
794:
721:
666:
253:
in 1987, and a professor of economics at UCLA in the same year. In 1997 he became the
1475:
1444:
1399:
1294:
1165:
1120:
1095:
1025:
899:
829:
819:
711:
661:
609:
455:
1556:
1551:
1485:
1449:
1429:
1389:
1359:
1314:
1269:
1254:
1211:
1065:
706:
643:
629:
594:
226:
202:
56:
490:, a recording of a free public lecture by David Levine at Simon Fraser University.
314:
Levine also conducts research in the field of dynamic games. He established with
1454:
1414:
1369:
1279:
1000:
952:
839:
604:
574:
544:
487:
308:
140:
1319:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1274:
1070:
1050:
1035:
1030:
990:
957:
942:
937:
927:
736:
474:
315:
234:
60:
336:
249:
of economics at UCLA in July 1981, an associate professor of economics at the
1576:
1434:
1424:
1379:
1364:
1344:
1115:
1090:
962:
932:
922:
909:
814:
756:
691:
624:
254:
194:
128:
1409:
1404:
1259:
834:
276:
471:
Copyright
Controversies: Freedom, Property, Content Creation, and the DMCA
1526:
1329:
1324:
1304:
1100:
1085:
894:
864:
799:
789:
619:
554:
530:
319:
230:
206:
185:; and the John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics Emeritus at
89:
498:
392:
1155:
809:
371:
258:
158:
1060:
980:
804:
359:
419:
1495:
995:
493:
434:"Leverhulme International Professorship awarded to Royal Holloway"
1216:
1206:
884:
181:; Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Study Joint Chair at the
985:
238:
464:
450:
222:
190:
1618:
MIT School of
Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
398:
242:
69:
1638:
Academic staff of the
European University Institute
1648:Academics of Royal Holloway, University of London
456:Against Monopoly: Defending the Right to Innovate
1574:
237:in economics in the same year. He was awarded a
1623:University of California, Los Angeles faculty
514:
303:David K. Levine conducts ongoing research in
280:from July 2003 to June 2008. He presided the
1613:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
451:Economic and Game Theory, by David K. Levine
1633:Washington University in St. Louis faculty
521:
507:
528:
394:The enforcement of collusion in oligopoly
205:and institutions, learning in games, and
274:from November 1996 to June 2001, and of
261:International Professor of Economics at
291:since 1989 and a research associate at
1575:
390:
502:
481:Against Intellectual Property lecture
105:University of California, Los Angeles
66:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
53:University of California, Los Angeles
372:http://www.dklevine.com/podcasts.xml
263:Royal Holloway, University of London
179:Royal Holloway, University of London
117:Royal Holloway, University of London
13:
1643:Fellows of the Econometric Society
570:First-player and second-player win
360:http://www.dklevine.com/papers.htm
187:Washington University in St. Louis
109:Washington University in St. Louis
14:
1659:
477:conference at which Levine spoke.
444:
353:
1598:21st-century American economists
1593:20th-century American economists
677:Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium
349:, co-author with Michele Boldrin
1628:University of Minnesota faculty
341:, co-author with Drew Fudenberg
338:The Theory of Learning in Games
330:
268:Levine was the coeditor of the
1608:Intellectual property activism
687:Evolutionarily stable strategy
426:
412:
391:Levine, David Knudsen (1981).
384:
36:c. 1955 (age 68–69)
1:
615:Simultaneous action selection
377:
346:Against Intellectual Monopoly
284:from July 2006 to June 2009.
282:Society for Economic Dynamics
183:European University Institute
113:European University Institute
1547:List of games in game theory
727:Quantal response equilibrium
717:Perfect Bayesian equilibrium
652:Bayes correlated equilibrium
216:
7:
1016:Optional prisoner's dilemma
747:Self-confirming equilibrium
463:, author of cross-platform
298:
271:Review of Economic Dynamics
245:in June 1981. He became an
10:
1664:
1481:Principal variation search
1197:Aumann's agreement theorem
860:Strategy-stealing argument
772:Trembling hand equilibrium
702:Markov perfect equilibrium
697:Mertens-stable equilibrium
365:
305:general equilibrium theory
287:Levine is a Fellow of the
189:. He previously taught at
1517:Combinatorial game theory
1504:
1463:
1245:
1189:
1176:Princess and monster game
971:
873:
780:
732:Quasi-perfect equilibrium
657:Bayesian Nash equilibrium
638:
537:
168:
157:
146:
134:
122:
100:
85:
80:
76:
48:
40:
28:
21:
1532:Evolutionary game theory
1265:Antoine Augustin Cournot
1151:Guess 2/3 of the average
948:Strictly determined game
742:Satisfaction equilibrium
560:Escalation of commitment
1603:American game theorists
1537:Glossary of game theory
1136:Stackelberg competition
762:Strong Nash equilibrium
251:University of Minnesota
163:IDEAS / RePEc
1562:Tragedy of the commons
1542:List of game theorists
1522:Confrontation analysis
1232:Sprague–Grundy theorem
752:Sequential equilibrium
672:Correlated equilibrium
211:experimental economics
1335:Jean-François Mertens
199:intellectual property
1464:Search optimizations
1340:Jennifer Tour Chayes
1227:Revelation principle
1222:Purification theorem
1161:Nash bargaining game
1126:Bertrand competition
1111:El Farol Bar problem
1076:Electronic mail game
1041:Lewis signaling game
585:Hierarchy of beliefs
494:Levine's academic CV
225:, Levine obtained a
175:David Knudsen Levine
33:David Knudsen Levine
1512:Bounded rationality
1131:Cournot competition
1081:Rock paper scissors
1056:Battle of the sexes
1046:Volunteer's dilemma
918:Perfect information
845:Dominant strategies
682:Epsilon-equilibrium
565:Extensive-form game
289:Econometric Society
247:assistant professor
150:Learning in games,
94:General equilibrium
1491:Paranoid algorithm
1471:Alpha–beta pruning
1350:John Maynard Smith
1181:Rendezvous problem
1021:Traveler's dilemma
1011:Gift-exchange game
1006:Prisoner's dilemma
923:Large Poisson game
890:Bargaining problem
795:Backward induction
767:Subgame perfection
722:Proper equilibrium
486:2011-10-05 at the
193:where he held the
16:American economist
1570:
1569:
1476:Aspiration window
1445:Suzanne Scotchmer
1400:Oskar Morgenstern
1295:Donald B. Gillies
1237:Zermelo's theorem
1166:Induction puzzles
1121:Fair cake-cutting
1096:Public goods game
1026:Coordination game
900:Intransitive game
830:Forward induction
712:Pareto efficiency
692:Gibbs equilibrium
662:Berge equilibrium
610:Simultaneous game
461:Freshmeat account
420:"David K. Levine"
172:
171:
1655:
1557:Topological game
1552:No-win situation
1450:Thomas Schelling
1430:Robert B. Wilson
1390:Merrill M. Flood
1360:John von Neumann
1270:Ariel Rubinstein
1255:Albert W. Tucker
1106:War of attrition
1066:Matching pennies
707:Nash equilibrium
630:Mechanism design
595:Normal-form game
550:Cooperative game
523:
516:
509:
500:
499:
438:
437:
430:
424:
423:
416:
410:
409:
407:
405:
388:
241:in economics at
233:in 1977, and an
209:applications to
19:
18:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1500:
1486:max^n algorithm
1459:
1455:William Vickrey
1415:Reinhard Selten
1370:Kenneth Binmore
1285:David K. Levine
1280:Daniel Kahneman
1247:
1241:
1217:Negamax theorem
1207:Minimax theorem
1185:
1146:Diner's dilemma
1001:All-pay auction
967:
953:Stochastic game
905:Mean-field game
876:
869:
840:Markov strategy
776:
642:
634:
605:Sequential game
590:Information set
575:Game complexity
545:Congestion game
533:
527:
488:Wayback Machine
447:
442:
441:
432:
431:
427:
418:
417:
413:
403:
401:
389:
385:
380:
368:
356:
333:
309:Michele Boldrin
301:
219:
141:Guido Tabellini
136:
124:
115:
111:
107:
81:Academic career
64:
35:
34:
24:
23:David K. Levine
17:
12:
11:
5:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Robert Axelrod
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Olga Bondareva
1392:
1387:
1385:Melvin Dresher
1382:
1377:
1375:Leonid Hurwicz
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Harold W. Kuhn
1307:
1302:
1300:Drew Fudenberg
1297:
1292:
1290:David M. Kreps
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Claude Shannon
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Nash's theorem
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1071:Ultimatum game
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:Dollar auction
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:Centipede game
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
991:Infinite chess
988:
983:
977:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
958:Symmetric game
955:
950:
945:
943:Signaling game
940:
938:Screening game
935:
930:
928:Potential game
925:
920:
915:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
879:
871:
870:
868:
867:
862:
857:
855:Mixed strategy
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
786:
784:
778:
777:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
737:Risk dominance
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
646:
636:
635:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
580:Graphical game
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
539:
535:
534:
526:
525:
518:
511:
503:
497:
496:
491:
478:
475:Cato Institute
468:
458:
453:
446:
445:External links
443:
440:
439:
425:
411:
382:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
367:
364:
363:
362:
355:
354:Working papers
352:
351:
350:
342:
332:
329:
316:Drew Fudenberg
300:
297:
218:
215:
170:
169:
166:
165:
155:
154:
148:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
102:
98:
97:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
32:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1660:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Living people
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:Miscellaneous
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Samuel Bowles
1438:
1436:
1435:Roger Myerson
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Robert Aumann
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:Lloyd Shapley
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Kenneth Arrow
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:John Harsanyi
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:Herbert Simon
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Fair division
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Dictator game
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
974:
970:
964:
963:Zero-sum game
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
933:Repeated game
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
912:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
878:
872:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:Pure strategy
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:De-escalation
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
785:
783:
779:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:Shapley value
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
631:
628:
626:
625:Succinct game
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
540:
536:
532:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
504:
501:
495:
492:
489:
485:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
435:
429:
421:
415:
400:
396:
395:
387:
383:
373:
370:
369:
361:
358:
357:
348:
347:
343:
340:
339:
335:
334:
328:
324:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
278:
273:
272:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:Armen Alchian
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:Armen Alchian
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
167:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
147:Contributions
145:
142:
139:
133:
130:
129:Peter Diamond
127:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
27:
20:
1583:1950s births
1410:Peyton Young
1405:Paul Milgrom
1320:Hervé Moulin
1284:
1260:Amos Tversky
1202:Folk theorem
913:-player game
910:
835:Grim trigger
428:
414:
402:. Retrieved
393:
386:
345:
337:
331:Publications
325:
313:
302:
295:since 2006.
286:
277:Econometrica
275:
269:
267:
220:
174:
173:
152:Folk theorem
1527:Coopetition
1330:Jean Tirole
1325:John Conway
1305:Eric Maskin
1101:Blotto game
1086:Pirate game
895:Global game
865:Tit for tat
800:Bid shading
790:Appeasement
640:Equilibrium
620:Solved game
555:Determinacy
538:Definitions
531:game theory
320:Eric Maskin
231:mathematics
207:game theory
159:Information
101:Institution
90:Game theory
41:Nationality
1577:Categories
1171:Trust game
1156:Kuhn poker
825:Escalation
820:Deterrence
810:Cheap talk
782:Strategies
600:Preference
529:Topics of
404:8 February
378:References
259:Leverhulme
1355:John Nash
1061:Stag hunt
805:Collusion
397:(Ph.D.).
217:Biography
49:Education
1496:Lazy SMP
1190:Theorems
1141:Deadlock
996:Checkers
877:of games
644:concepts
484:Archived
467:software
299:Research
137:students
135:Doctoral
123:Doctoral
44:American
1248:figures
1031:Chicken
885:Auction
875:Classes
366:Podcast
125:advisor
96:Theory
986:Chess
973:Games
239:Ph.D.
203:norms
86:Field
667:Core
473:, a
465:UNIX
406:2017
293:NBER
235:M.A.
227:B.A.
223:UCLA
191:UCLA
29:Born
1246:Key
399:MIT
265:.
243:MIT
229:in
221:At
161:at
70:PhD
1579::
981:Go
213:.
92:,
63:)
61:MA
59:,
57:BA
911:n
522:e
515:t
508:v
436:.
422:.
408:.
72:)
68:(
55:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.