4196:"The adoption of a relational model of data ... permits the development of a universal data sub-language based on an applied predicate calculus. A first-order predicate calculus suffices if the collection of relations is in normal form. Such a language would provide a yardstick of linguistic power for all other proposed data languages, and would itself be a strong candidate for embedding (with appropriate syntactic modification) in a variety of host languages (programming, command- or problem-oriented)." Codd,
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may need to be applied to multiple records (one for each skill). If the update is only partially successful – the employee's address is updated on some records but not others – then the relation is left in an inconsistent state. Specifically, the relation provides conflicting answers to the question of what this particular employee's address is.
4151:. In situations where the number of unique values of a column is far less than the number of rows in the table, column-oriented storage allow significant savings in space through data compression. Columnar storage also allows fast execution of range queries (e.g., show all records where a particular column is between X and Y, or less than X.)
2270:
table still has a transitive functional dependency ({Author
Nationality} is dependent on {Author}, which is dependent on {Title}). Similar violations exist for publisher ({Publisher Country} is dependent on {Publisher}, which is dependent on {Title}) and for genre ({Genre Name} is dependent on {Genre
1439:
The data in the following example were intentionally designed to contradict most of the normal forms. In practice it is often possible to skip some of the normalization steps because the data is already normalized to some extent. Fixing a violation of one normal form also often fixes a violation of a
211:
There are circumstances in which certain facts cannot be recorded at all. For example, each record in a "Faculty and Their
Courses" relation might contain a Faculty ID, Faculty Name, Faculty Hire Date, and Course Code. Therefore, the details of any faculty member who teaches at least one course can
4135:
The obvious drawback of 6NF is the proliferation of tables required to represent the information on a single entity. If a table in 5NF has one primary key column and N attributes, representing the same information in 6NF will require N tables; multi-field updates to a single conceptual record will
222:
The same information can be expressed on multiple rows; therefore updates to the relation may result in logical inconsistencies. For example, each record in an "Employees' Skills" relation might contain an
Employee ID, Employee Address, and Skill; thus a change of address for a particular employee
229:
Under certain circumstances, the deletion of data representing certain facts necessitates the deletion of data representing completely different facts. The "Faculty and Their
Courses" relation described in the previous example suffers from this type of anomaly, for if a faculty member temporarily
4294:
Codd, E. F. "Further
Normalization of the Data Base Relational Model". (Presented at Courant Computer Science Symposia Series 6, "Data Base Systems", New York City, May 24–25, 1971.) IBM Research Report RJ909 (August 31, 1971). Republished in Randall J. Rustin (ed.),
2545:
Assume the database is owned by a book retailer franchise that has several franchisees that own shops in different locations. And therefore the retailer decided to add a table that contains data about availability of the books at different locations:
239:
A fully normalized database allows its structure to be extended to accommodate new types of data without changing existing structure too much. As a result, applications interacting with the database are minimally affected.
4158:, use columnar storage by default, but the designer still sees only a single multi-column table. Other DBMSs, such as Microsoft SQL Server 2012 and later, let you specify a "columnstore index" for a particular table.
230:
ceases to be assigned to any courses, the last of the records on which that faculty member appears must be deleted, effectively also deleting the faculty member, unless the Course Code field is set to null.
2536:
while avoiding the problems of both (namely, that 3NF is "too forgiving" and BCNF is "prone to computational complexity"). Since it is rarely mentioned in literature, it is not included in this example.
2275:
table is not in 3NF. To resolve this, we can place {Author
Nationality}, {Publisher Country}, and {Genre Name} in their own respective tables, thereby eliminating the transitive functional dependencies:
3836:
This convention is technically a constraint but it is neither a domain constraint nor a key constraint; therefore we cannot rely on domain constraints and key constraints to keep the data integrity.
204:
When an attempt is made to modify (update, insert into, or delete from) a relation, the following undesirable side effects may arise in relations that have not been sufficiently normalized:
4154:
In all these cases, however, the database designer does not have to perform 6NF normalization manually by creating separate tables. Some DBMSs that are specialized for warehousing, such as
274:
Informally, a relational database relation is often described as "normalized" if it meets third normal form. Most 3NF relations are free of insertion, updation, and deletion anomalies.
4454:
1409:
table up to higher normal form. The process is progressive, and a higher level of database normalization cannot be achieved unless the previous levels have been satisfied.
4147:, which do not permit interactive updates and which are specialized for fast query on large data volumes, certain DBMSs use an internal 6NF representation – known as a
1440:
higher normal form. In the example, one table has been chosen for normalization at each step, meaning that at the end, some tables might not be sufficiently normalized.
4136:
require updates to multiple tables; and inserts and deletes will similarly require operations across multiple tables. For this reason, in databases intended to serve
132:
A basic objective of the first normal form defined by Codd in 1970 was to permit data to be queried and manipulated using a "universal data sub-language" grounded in
39:
151:
To reduce the need for restructuring the collection of relations, as new types of data are introduced, and thus increase the life span of application programs.
5402:
4609:
212:
be recorded, but a newly hired faculty member who has not yet been assigned to teach any courses cannot be recorded, except by setting the Course Code to
3833:
which is not a key. Let's set an example convention saying a book up to 350 pages is considered "slim" and a book over 350 pages is considered "thick".
5385:
4776:
4745:
4383:
243:
Normalized relations, and the relationship between one normalized relation and another, mirror real-world concepts and their interrelationships.
4681:
5397:
4705:
5217:
3839:
In other words – nothing prevents us from putting, for example, "Thick" for a book with only 50 pages – and this makes the table violate
4694:
3676:
What will the JOIN return now? It actually is not possible to join these three tables. That means it wasn't possible to decompose the
2532:
The elementary key normal form (EKNF) falls strictly between 3NF and BCNF and is not much discussed in the literature. It is intended
2914:
Suppose the franchisees can also order books from different suppliers. Let the relation also be subject to the following constraint:
4462:
2073:
a (simple) candidate key (the primary key) so that every non-candidate-key attribute depends on the whole candidate key, and remove
4308:
Codd, E. F. "Recent
Investigations into Relational Data Base Systems". IBM Research Report RJ1385 (April 23, 1974). Republished in
4591:
1416:(the least normalized) and aiming to achieve the highest level of normalization, the first step would be to ensure compliance to
157:
To make the collection of relations neutral to the query statistics, where these statistics are liable to change as time goes by.
116:
are properly enforced by database integrity constraints. It is accomplished by applying some formal rules either by a process of
3509:
The JOIN returns three more rows than it should; adding another table to clarify the relation results in three separate tables:
5114:
4369:
5841:
5795:
5247:
5057:
4769:
4566:
5468:
5357:
5232:
4862:
4540:
4513:
4353:
113:
4200:
176:. Until the new faculty member, Dr. Newsome, is assigned to teach at least one course, their details cannot be recorded.
4929:
4484:
2066:
and remove duplicates, every non-candidate-key attribute must depend on the whole candidate key, not just part of it.
4618:
4550:
4523:
4425:
5836:
5815:
5521:
5315:
4762:
44:
5772:
5419:
5242:
5227:
4633:
H.-J. Schek, P. Pistor Data
Structures for an Integrated Data Base Management and Information Retrieval System
5846:
5711:
5263:
5156:
5110:
4714:
4137:
4410:
2017 4th IEEE Uttar
Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Electronics (UPCON)
5222:
5077:
5024:
1849:, which will not satisfy 2NF if some subset of that key is a determinant. At this point in our design the
5706:
5861:
5737:
5456:
5135:
5019:
4882:
4338:
4177:
3034:
439:
325:
4742:
5660:
5650:
5426:
5278:
5151:
5047:
4967:
4826:
4820:
2723:
2527:
834:
417:
406:
313:
307:
268:
5747:
5480:
4952:
4678:
4251:
4702:
200:. All information about Dr. Giddens is lost if they temporarily cease to be assigned to any courses.
5851:
5237:
5042:
5189:
5696:
5350:
5172:
148:
To free the collection of relations from undesirable insertion, update and deletion dependencies.
1679:
each field contains a single value. A field may not contain a set of values or a nested record.
1435:
are mainly of academic interest, as the problems they exist to solve rarely appear in practice.
5856:
5777:
5409:
5009:
4922:
4872:
4844:
4005:
3840:
3703:
994:
461:
337:
4592:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/indexes/columnstore-indexes-overview
5752:
5506:
5194:
4867:
650:
4691:
5805:
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5414:
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8:
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5288:
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1406:
109:
68:
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5701:
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5325:
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5087:
4832:
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4667:
4431:
4270:
3022:
2746:
2739:
2255:
2063:
1421:
915:
Every non-trivial functional dependency begins with a superkey (a stricter form of 3NF)
428:
384:
319:
295:
256:
143:
The objectives of normalization beyond 1NF (first normal form) were stated by Codd as:
91:
5034:
4737:
833:
Every non-trivial functional dependency either begins with a superkey or ends with an
5577:
5431:
5293:
5273:
5092:
5069:
4915:
4887:
4850:
4838:
4814:
4802:
4796:
4614:
4546:
4519:
4421:
4375:
4365:
4274:
4023:
4017:
3198:
3190:
1826:
1676:
1425:
1417:
1413:
472:
450:
395:
373:
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343:
331:
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289:
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260:
252:
133:
105:
4435:
5767:
5614:
5604:
5572:
5182:
5002:
4972:
4671:
4657:
4413:
4408:
Kumar, Kunal; Azad, S. K. (October 2017). "Database normalization design pattern".
4357:
4260:
3274:
Decomposing this table lowers redundancies, resulting in the following two tables:
264:
98:
4004:
That way, the domain integrity violation has been eliminated, and the table is in
5675:
5645:
5599:
5380:
5177:
5125:
5102:
5014:
4982:
4977:
4957:
4898:
4877:
4749:
4709:
4698:
4685:
4204:
4167:
4144:
3193:, it is usually necessary to examine the data thoroughly. Suppose the table from
1076:
80:
3033:(the sole superkey being the entire heading), so the table does not satisfy the
5727:
5665:
5609:
5582:
5475:
5436:
5082:
5052:
4962:
4417:
4197:
1424:
is satisfied, and so forth in order mentioned above, until the data conform to
88:
84:
5335:
5830:
5546:
5531:
4379:
4242:
3027:{{Supplier ID, Title}, {Title, Franchisee ID}, {Franchisee ID, Supplier ID}}.
1858:
1842:
1558:
654:
94:
4361:
2730:). However, assuming that all available books are offered in each area, the
5298:
4229:
Codd, E.F. "Further
Normalisation of the Data Base Relational Model", p. 34
2719:
1235:
Every constraint is a consequence of domain constraints and key constraints
188:. Employee 519 is shown as having different addresses on different records.
4662:
4265:
4246:
251:
Codd introduced the concept of normalization and what is now known as the
234:
5536:
5516:
4754:
4726:
4349:
1854:
1554:
1405:
Normalization is a database design technique, which is used to design a
5680:
5589:
5551:
5526:
4997:
4645:
4626:
4339:"A Normal Form for Preventing Redundant Tuples in Relational Databases"
2050:
All of the attributes that are not part of the candidate key depend on
213:
1557:
which uniquely identifies a row. In our example, the primary key is a
5283:
4542:
The New Relational Database Dictionary: Terms, Concepts, and Examples
4515:
The New Relational Database Dictionary: Terms, Concepts, and Examples
4155:
3197:
with a little modification in data and let's examine if it satisfies
567:
Scalar columns (columns cannot contain relations or composite values)
168:
163:
E.F. Codd, "Further Normalisation of the Data Base Relational Model"
5541:
5496:
5366:
4938:
4720:
4646:"A Simple Guide to Five Normal Forms in Relational Database Theory"
4346:
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Database Theory
3030:
2899:
1550:
For this example it is assumed that each book has only one author.
744:
192:
4028:
the row contains the Primary Key, and at most one other attribute"
4627:
A Simple Guide to Five Normal Forms in Relational Database Theory
1688:
To solve the problem, the subjects are extracted into a separate
277:
The normal forms (from least normalized to most normalized) are:
180:
3850:
is created, and that column is removed from the original table:
3385:
The query joining these tables would return the following data:
2722:, it doesn't contain any non-key attributes and it's already in
5446:
3025:, but the Supplier ID is equal to the join of its projections:
4567:"normalization - Would like to Understand 6NF with an Example"
3690:
has argued that only a database in 5NF is truly "normalized".
1685:
contains a set of subject values, meaning it does not comply.
5441:
4297:
Data Base Systems: Courant Computer Science Symposia Series 6
743:
Every non-trivial functional dependency either begins with a
4455:"Database normalization in MySQL: Four quick and easy steps"
3846:
To solve this, a table holding enumeration that defines the
5501:
4907:
3829:
is determined by number of pages. That means it depends on
140:, though it is one that Codd regarded as seriously flawed.
1400:
3702:
table from previous examples and see if it satisfies the
3681:
3680:
without data loss, therefore the table already satisfies
2903:
1449:
Let a database table exist with the following structure:
1432:
137:
4247:"A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks"
4198:"A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks"
3945:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3761:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3666:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3658:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3564:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3556:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3500:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3455:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3328:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3320:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3265:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3254:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3115:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3073:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3001:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2803:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2787:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2698:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2687:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2676:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2632:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2621:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2610:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2406:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2395:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2327:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2234:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2223:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2150:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2014:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
1979:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
4218:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
3441:
The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2
2534:"to capture the salient qualities of both 3NF and BCNF"
235:
Minimize redesign when extending the database structure
154:
To make the relational model more informative to users.
4733:
Normalization in DBMS by Chaitanya (beginnersbook.com)
4630:, Communications of the ACM, vol. 26, pp. 120–125
4590:
Microsoft Corporation. Columnstore Indexes: Overview.
4312:(Stockholm, Sweden, 1974), N.Y.: North-Holland (1974).
1431:
However, it is worth noting that normal forms beyond
4485:"Database Normalization: 5th Normal Form and Beyond"
1553:
A table that conforms to the relational model has a
2898:Now, every record is unambiguously identified by a
4352:. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series.
4216:Codd, E.F. Chapter 23, "Serious Flaws in SQL", in
1829:, there are now two tables conforming to the 1NF.
1157:Every join dependency has only superkey components
747:or ends with a prime attribute (attributes depend
4337:Darwen, Hugh; Date, C. J.; Fagin, Ronald (2012).
3927:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3740:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3642:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3540:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3416:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3304:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3232:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3107:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
3065:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2990:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2811:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2795:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2779:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2709:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2665:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2654:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2643:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2599:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2588:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2577:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2384:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2373:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2307:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2212:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2201:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2121:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1944:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1909:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1816:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1808:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1800:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1740:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1613:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
1493:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
5828:
4727:Description of the database normalization basics
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4076:needs to be further decomposed into two tables:
3486:Beginning MySQL Database Design and Optimization
2271:ID}, which is dependent on {Title}). Hence, the
2077:into a separate table so that its dependency on
5365:
4336:
2726:(and therefore also satisfies all the previous
112:(relations) of a database to ensure that their
4738:A Step-by-Step Guide to Database Normalization
5351:
4923:
4770:
4315:
4281:
2749:, this table needs to be decomposed as well:
3181:The decomposition produces ETNF compliance.
36:needs attention from an expert in Databases
5358:
5344:
4930:
4916:
4784:
4777:
4763:
4237:
4235:
3029:No component of that join dependency is a
255:(1NF) in 1970. Codd went on to define the
4715:An Introduction to Database Normalization
4661:
4407:
4264:
4016:A simple and intuitive definition of the
124:(improving an existing database design).
71:in accordance with a series of so-called
2738:and therefore the table doesn't satisfy
2734:is not unambiguously bound to a certain
191:
179:
167:
4545:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 163.
4518:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 138.
4302:
4232:
4183:
1401:Example of a step-by-step normalization
5829:
4721:A tutorial on the first 3 normal forms
4140:(OLTP) needs, 6NF should not be used.
2718:As this table structure consists of a
47:may be able to help recruit an expert.
5339:
4911:
4758:
4507:
4505:
4449:
4447:
4445:
1420:, the second step would be to ensure
649:Every non-prime attribute has a full
357:(informal description in parentheses)
104:Normalization entails organizing the
4643:
4538:
4511:
4321:
4241:
4220:. Addison-Wesley (1990), pp. 371–389
120:(creating a new database design) or
20:
5811:
5311:
4613:(8th ed.). Addison-Wesley Longman.
4610:An Introduction to Database Systems
4354:Association for Computing Machinery
4324:An Introduction to Database Systems
4041:
3390:Franchisee - Book - Location JOINed
3194:
3189:To spot a table not satisfying the
1389:
1300:
1222:
1215:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
557:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
136:. An example of such a language is
13:
4743:ETNF – Essential tuple normal form
4601:
4502:
4442:
4389:from the original on March 6, 2016
3693:
2909:
2521:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1307:
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1279:
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1265:
1258:
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1237:
1208:
1201:
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1123:
1116:
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1027:
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999:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
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853:
846:
839:
767:
760:
753:
670:
663:
569:
485:Unique rows (no duplicate records)
14:
5873:
4637:
4539:Date, C. J. (December 21, 2015).
4512:Date, C. J. (December 21, 2015).
4011:
3902:Book - Pages - Genre - Publisher
3184:
2727:
2540:
2261:
1861:. Consider the following table:
1832:
1670:
74:
5810:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5321:
5320:
5310:
3037:and can be further decomposed:
2745:That means that, to satisfy the
1565:(indicated by the underlining):
1412:That means that, having data in
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1317:Every join dependency is trivial
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
987:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
909:
903:
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
558:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
488:
67:is the process of structuring a
25:
5801:
4644:Kent, William (February 1983).
4584:
4559:
4532:
4477:
4350:EDBT/ICDT 2012 Joint Conference
1444:
246:
4401:
4330:
4326:. Addison-Wesley. p. 290.
4223:
4210:
4190:
3619:
3572:
3517:
3388:
3336:
3281:
3204:
2819:
2756:
2549:
2069:To normalize this table, make
1:
5264:Database-centric architecture
4679:Database Normalization Basics
4138:online transaction processing
4036:That means, for example, the
2965:Supplier - Book - Franchisee
489:
127:
4937:
4692:Database Normalization Intro
3678:Franchisee - Book - Location
3206:Franchisee - Book - Location
2551:Franchisee - Book - Location
263:(3NF) in 1971, and Codd and
16:Reduction of data redundancy
7:
5842:Database management systems
5367:Database management systems
4883:Lossless join decomposition
4697:September 28, 2011, at the
4688:by Mike Chapple (About.com)
4178:Lossless join decomposition
4161:
1391:
1302:
1224:
1217:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
693:
686:
679:
641:
634:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
326:Essential tuple normal form
87:. It was first proposed by
10:
5878:
5773:Object–relational database
5279:Locks with ordered sharing
5111:Entities and relationships
4968:Database management system
4821:Elementary key normal form
4594:. Accessed March 23, 2020.
4418:10.1109/upcon.2017.8251067
4412:. IEEE. pp. 318–322.
2528:Elementary key normal form
2525:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1309:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
862:
855:
848:
841:
835:elementary prime attribute
769:
762:
755:
672:
665:
657:(attributes depend on the
571:
308:Elementary key normal form
5786:
5748:Federated database system
5720:
5689:
5633:
5560:
5489:
5481:Blockchain-based database
5373:
5307:
5256:
5208:
5165:
5157:Object–relational mapping
5144:
5101:
5068:
5033:
4945:
4896:
4860:
4792:
4684:February 5, 2007, at the
4650:Communications of the ACM
4252:Communications of the ACM
3698:Let's have a look at the
2942:is being supplied by the
471:
460:
449:
438:
427:
416:
405:
394:
383:
372:
361:
1853:is not finalised as the
1825:Instead of one table in
1079:has a superkey component
837:(a stricter form of 3NF)
4362:10.1145/2274576.2274589
5837:Database normalization
5778:Transaction processing
5733:Database normalization
5676:Query rewriting system
4873:Multivalued dependency
4845:Domain-key normal form
4827:Boyce–Codd normal form
4786:Database normalization
4748:March 6, 2016, at the
4299:. Prentice-Hall, 1972.
4203:June 12, 2007, at the
3704:domain-key normal form
3135:Franchisee - Supplier
2820:Franchisee - Location
997:begins with a superkey
995:multivalued dependency
338:Domain-key normal form
314:Boyce–Codd normal form
269:Boyce–Codd normal form
201:
189:
177:
166:
65:Database normalization
5753:Referential integrity
5058:information retrieval
4868:Functional dependency
4708:July 8, 2011, at the
4663:10.1145/358024.358054
4489:MariaDB KnowledgeBase
4266:10.1145/362384.362685
4040:table designed while
3574:Franchisee - Location
3338:Franchisee - Location
651:functional dependency
195:
183:
171:
145:
45:WikiProject Databases
5847:Database constraints
5743:Distributed database
5269:Intelligent database
4607:Date, C. J. (1999),
4322:Date, C. J. (1999).
4184:Notes and references
4173:Database refactoring
2720:compound primary key
1857:, so it is called a
5763:Relational calculus
5641:Concurrency control
5078:Activity monitoring
4310:Proc. 1974 Congress
4149:columnar data store
4110:
4085:
4049:
3903:
3859:
3711:
3623:
3576:
3521:
3392:
3340:
3285:
3208:
3136:
3091:
3046:
2966:
2932:is supplied to the
2922:supplies a certain
2821:
2760:
2553:
2490:
2457:
2433:Author Nationality
2424:
2354:
2281:
2182:
2098:Author Nationality
2086:
1883:Author Nationality
1866:
1780:
1709:Author Nationality
1697:
1579:Author Nationality
1461:Author Nationality
1407:relational database
79:in order to reduce
69:relational database
5862:Relational algebra
5758:Relational algebra
5702:Query optimization
5507:Armstrong's axioms
5248:Online real estate
4833:Fourth normal form
4809:Second normal form
4465:on August 30, 2017
4459:ComputerWeekly.com
4109:Publisher country
4108:
4083:
4047:
3901:
3857:
3709:
3134:
3090:Book - Franchisee
3089:
3044:
2964:
2747:fourth normal form
2488:
2455:
2422:
2352:
2279:
2254:tables conform to
2180:
2110:Publisher Country
2084:
2081:can be preserved:
1898:Publisher Country
1864:
1841:table below has a
1776:
1729:Publisher Country
1695:
1602:Publisher Country
1482:Publisher Country
1422:second normal form
993:Every non-trivial
751:on candidate keys)
320:Fourth normal form
296:Second normal form
257:second normal form
202:
190:
178:
92:computer scientist
5824:
5823:
5432:Wide-column store
5427:Document-oriented
5333:
5332:
5294:Halloween Problem
5274:Two-phase locking
5233:Facial expression
5152:Abstraction layer
5093:Negative database
5048:Data manipulation
4905:
4904:
4888:Temporal database
4851:Sixth normal form
4839:Fifth normal form
4815:Third normal form
4803:First normal form
4797:Unnormalized form
4371:978-1-4503-0791-8
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4104:
4103:
4074:
4073:
4018:sixth normal form
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3897:
3896:
3823:
3822:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3615:
3614:
3568:
3567:
3519:Franchisee - Book
3507:
3506:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3332:
3331:
3283:Franchisee - Book
3272:
3271:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3130:
3129:
3085:
3084:
3021:This table is in
3019:
3018:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2815:
2814:
2758:Franchisee - Book
2716:
2715:
2519:
2518:
2486:
2485:
2453:
2452:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2346:
2345:
2244:
2243:
2178:
2177:
2048:
2047:
1827:unnormalized form
1823:
1822:
1774:
1773:
1677:first normal form
1668:
1667:
1646:
1645:
1548:
1547:
1526:
1525:
1426:sixth normal form
1418:first normal form
1414:unnormalized form
1398:
1397:
344:Sixth normal form
332:Fifth normal form
302:Third normal form
290:First normal form
284:Unnormalized form
261:third normal form
253:first normal form
208:Insertion anomaly
174:insertion anomaly
134:first-order logic
108:(attributes) and
62:
61:
5869:
5814:
5813:
5804:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5768:Relational model
5738:Database storage
5615:Stored procedure
5360:
5353:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5324:
5323:
5314:
5313:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4909:
4908:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4717:by Mike Hillyer.
4675:
4665:
4624:Kent, W. (1983)
4595:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4461:. Archived from
4451:
4440:
4439:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4343:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4313:
4306:
4300:
4292:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4239:
4230:
4227:
4221:
4214:
4208:
4194:
4111:
4107:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4050:
4046:
4042:creating the 1NF
3904:
3900:
3893:999,999,999,999
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3712:
3708:
3624:
3618:
3577:
3571:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3393:
3387:
3341:
3335:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3209:
3203:
3137:
3133:
3092:
3088:
3047:
3045:Supplier - Book
3043:
3040:
3039:
2967:
2963:
2822:
2818:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2554:
2548:
2515:Popular science
2491:
2487:
2458:
2454:
2425:
2421:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2282:
2278:
2183:
2179:
2174:Popular science
2087:
2083:
2062:. To conform to
2058:also depends on
2044:Popular science
2009:Popular science
1867:
1863:
1837:Recall that the
1781:
1775:
1698:
1694:
1629:
1628:
1568:
1567:
1509:
1508:
1452:
1451:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
985:
984:
978:
977:
971:
970:
964:
963:
957:
956:
950:
949:
943:
942:
936:
935:
929:
928:
922:
921:
907:
906:
900:
899:
893:
892:
886:
885:
879:
878:
872:
871:
865:
864:
858:
857:
851:
850:
844:
843:
828:
827:
821:
820:
814:
813:
807:
806:
800:
799:
793:
792:
786:
785:
779:
778:
772:
771:
765:
764:
758:
757:
738:
737:
731:
730:
724:
723:
717:
716:
710:
709:
703:
702:
696:
695:
689:
688:
682:
681:
675:
674:
668:
667:
644:
643:
637:
636:
630:
629:
623:
622:
616:
615:
609:
608:
602:
601:
595:
594:
588:
587:
581:
580:
574:
573:
562:
561:
555:
554:
548:
547:
541:
540:
534:
533:
527:
526:
520:
519:
513:
512:
506:
505:
499:
498:
492:
491:
480:
479:
469:
468:
458:
457:
447:
446:
436:
435:
425:
424:
414:
413:
403:
402:
392:
391:
381:
380:
370:
369:
359:
358:
350:
349:
271:(BCNF) in 1974.
265:Raymond F. Boyce
226:Deletion anomaly
198:deletion anomaly
164:
99:relational model
57:
54:
48:
29:
28:
21:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5852:Data management
5827:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5782:
5728:Database models
5716:
5685:
5671:Query optimizer
5646:Data dictionary
5629:
5600:Transaction log
5556:
5512:Codd's 12 rules
5485:
5415:Column-oriented
5381:Object-oriented
5369:
5364:
5334:
5329:
5303:
5252:
5204:
5161:
5140:
5097:
5064:
5043:Data definition
5029:
4941:
4936:
4906:
4901:
4899:Denormalization
4892:
4878:Join dependency
4856:
4788:
4783:
4750:Wayback Machine
4723:by Fred Coulson
4710:Wayback Machine
4699:Wayback Machine
4686:Wayback Machine
4640:
4604:
4602:Further reading
4599:
4598:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4553:
4537:
4533:
4526:
4510:
4503:
4493:
4491:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4466:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4428:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4372:
4356:. p. 114.
4341:
4335:
4331:
4320:
4316:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4282:
4240:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4211:
4205:Wayback Machine
4195:
4191:
4186:
4168:Denormalization
4164:
4145:data warehouses
4022:"a table is in
4014:
3858:Thickness Enum
3696:
3694:Satisfying DKNF
3621:Location - Book
3510:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3187:
2912:
2910:Satisfying ETNF
2543:
2530:
2524:
2522:Satisfying EKNF
2479:Addison-Wesley
2339:Addison-Wesley
2264:
2165:Addison-Wesley
2035:Addison-Wesley
2000:Addison-Wesley
1847:{Title, Format}
1835:
1778:Title - Subject
1673:
1563:{Title, Format}
1447:
1403:
1077:join dependency
477:
476:
475:
466:
465:
464:
455:
454:
453:
444:
443:
442:
433:
432:
431:
422:
421:
420:
411:
410:
409:
400:
399:
398:
389:
388:
387:
378:
377:
376:
367:
366:
365:
356:
355:
354:
348:
249:
237:
165:
162:
130:
97:as part of his
81:data redundancy
58:
52:
49:
43:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5875:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5808:
5798:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5721:Related topics
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5697:Administration
5693:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5666:Query language
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5340:
5331:
5330:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5175:
5173:Virtualization
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4912:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4829:(3.5NF / BCNF)
4824:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4689:
4676:
4656:(2): 120–125.
4639:
4638:External links
4636:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4622:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4583:
4571:Stack Overflow
4558:
4551:
4531:
4524:
4501:
4476:
4441:
4426:
4400:
4370:
4329:
4314:
4301:
4280:
4259:(6): 377–387.
4231:
4222:
4209:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4163:
4160:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4013:
4012:Satisfying 6NF
4010:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3910:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3695:
3692:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3186:
3185:Satisfying 5NF
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2962:
2961:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2911:
2908:
2906:is satisfied.
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2542:
2541:Satisfying 4NF
2539:
2526:Main article:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2263:
2262:Satisfying 3NF
2260:
2246:Now, both the
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1834:
1833:Satisfying 2NF
1831:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1672:
1671:Satisfying 1NF
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
990:
989:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
912:
911:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
830:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
740:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
646:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
564:
563:
556:
549:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
482:
481:
470:
459:
448:
437:
426:
415:
404:
393:
382:
371:
360:
347:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
279:
248:
245:
236:
233:
232:
231:
227:
224:
220:
219:Update anomaly
217:
209:
186:update anomaly
160:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
129:
126:
85:data integrity
60:
59:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5874:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5857:Data modeling
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5817:
5809:
5807:
5799:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5547:Surrogate key
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:Candidate key
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5328:
5327:
5318:
5317:
5306:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:Normalization
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5010:Administrator
5008:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4768:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4619:0-321-19784-4
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4587:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4554:
4552:9781491951699
4548:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4525:9781491951699
4521:
4517:
4516:
4508:
4506:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4427:9781538630044
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4245:(June 1970).
4244:
4238:
4236:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:Publisher ID
4113:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:Publisher ID
4088:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4053:Publisher ID
4052:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3981:SQL Cookbook
3980:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3963:Learning SQL
3962:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3803:SQL Cookbook
3802:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3782:Learning SQL
3781:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3650:Learning SQL
3649:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3607:
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3602:
3599:
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3590:
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3581:Franchisee ID
3579:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3548:Learning SQL
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:Franchisee ID
3524:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3427:Learning SQL
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Franchisee ID
3395:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
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3345:Franchisee ID
3343:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:Learning SQL
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Franchisee ID
3288:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3278:
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3267:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:Learning SQL
3242:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Franchisee ID
3211:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3200:
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3182:
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3146:Franchisee ID
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3125:
3123:Learning SQL
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:Franchisee ID
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3081:Learning SQL
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
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3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:Learning SQL
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:Franchisee ID
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2959:
2955:
2952:supplies the
2951:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2918:If a certain
2917:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
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2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2851:
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2844:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:Franchisee ID
2824:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Franchisee ID
2763:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
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2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2697:
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2693:
2689:
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2678:
2675:
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2664:
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2656:
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2650:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Franchisee ID
2556:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:Chad Russell
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2310:Chad Russell
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2124:Chad Russell
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1950:Chad Russell
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:Chad Russell
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1859:candidate key
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:composite key
1840:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:Chad Russell
1742:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1616:Chad Russell
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:composite key
1556:
1551:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:Chad Russell
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1316:
1315:
1234:
1233:
1156:
1155:
1078:
1074:
1073:
996:
992:
991:
914:
913:
836:
832:
831:
750:
746:
742:
741:
661:of every key)
660:
656:
655:candidate key
652:
648:
647:
566:
565:
487:
484:
483:
474:
463:
452:
441:
430:
419:
408:
397:
386:
375:
364:
352:
351:
345:
341:
339:
335:
333:
329:
327:
323:
321:
317:
315:
311:
309:
305:
303:
299:
297:
293:
291:
287:
285:
281:
280:
278:
275:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
244:
241:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
210:
207:
206:
205:
199:
194:
187:
182:
175:
170:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
144:
141:
139:
135:
125:
123:
122:decomposition
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
95:Edgar F. Codd
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:
76:
70:
66:
56:
46:
41:
37:
34:This article
32:
23:
22:
19:
5732:
5319:
5309:
5299:Log shipping
5243:Online music
5228:Biodiversity
5195:Preservation
5120:
4953:Requirements
4863:Dependencies
4841:(5NF / PJNF)
4785:
4729:by Microsoft
4653:
4649:
4625:
4608:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4570:
4561:
4541:
4534:
4514:
4492:. Retrieved
4488:
4479:
4467:. Retrieved
4463:the original
4458:
4409:
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4345:
4332:
4323:
4317:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4256:
4250:
4225:
4217:
4212:
4192:
4153:
4143:However, in
4142:
4134:
4075:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4003:
3992:
3987:
3974:
3969:
3956:
3951:
3938:
3933:
3921:Publisher ID
3920:
3915:
3907:
3863:
3847:
3845:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3796:
3791:
3775:
3770:
3754:
3749:
3734:Publisher ID
3733:
3728:
3720:
3715:
3699:
3697:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3508:
3469:Learning SQL
3406:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3205:
3188:
3180:
3145:
3140:
3100:
3095:
3055:
3050:
3026:
3020:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2902:, therefore
2897:
2830:
2825:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2744:
2735:
2731:
2728:normal forms
2717:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2533:
2531:
2494:
2461:
2428:
2363:
2358:
2285:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2191:
2186:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:
1875:
1870:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1824:
1793:Subject name
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1712:
1701:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1582:
1571:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1448:
1445:Initial data
1438:
1437:
1430:
1411:
1404:
748:
658:
276:
273:
267:defined the
250:
247:Normal forms
242:
238:
203:
197:
185:
173:
142:
131:
121:
117:
114:dependencies
103:
83:and improve
75:normal forms
73:
72:
64:
63:
50:
42:for details.
35:
18:
5816:WikiProject
5707:Replication
5595:Transaction
5537:Foreign key
5517:CAP theorem
5464:Multi-model
5316:WikiProject
5145:Programming
5136:Cardinality
5131:Refactoring
4988:Application
4576:January 23,
4494:January 23,
4243:Codd, E. F.
3825:Logically,
3655:California
3647:California
3639:California
3611:California
3595:California
3503:California
3430:California
3419:California
3375:California
3359:California
3268:California
3246:California
3235:California
3195:4NF example
3141:Supplier ID
3051:Supplier ID
2971:Supplier ID
2864:California
2840:California
2679:California
2646:California
2613:California
2580:California
2116:Genre Name
2054:, but only
1904:Genre Name
1855:primary key
1735:Genre Name
1608:Genre Name
1555:primary key
1488:Genre Name
38:. See the
5831:Categories
5681:Query plan
5634:Components
5552:Unique key
5469:comparison
5403:comparison
5393:Relational
5386:comparison
5289:Publishing
5223:Biological
5166:Management
4998:datasource
4993:Connection
4084:Publisher
4048:Publisher
3871:Max pages
3868:Min pages
3725:Thickness
3446:California
2958:franchisee
2940:franchisee
2934:franchisee
2456:Publisher
2409:Paperback
2376:Hardcover
2299:Publisher
2296:Thickness
2237:Paperback
2204:Hardcover
2107:Publisher
2104:Thickness
2017:Paperback
1912:Hardcover
1895:Publisher
1892:Thickness
1749:Hardcover
1726:Publisher
1723:Thickness
1622:Hardcover
1599:Publisher
1596:Thickness
1502:Hardcover
1479:Publisher
1476:Thickness
353:Constraint
259:(2NF) and
128:Objectives
53:March 2018
5690:Functions
5625:Partition
5452:In-memory
5410:Key–value
5284:Load file
5200:Integrity
5190:Migration
5117:notation)
5088:Forensics
5035:Languages
4469:March 23,
4380:802369023
4275:207549016
4156:Sybase IQ
4038:Publisher
3864:Thickness
3848:Thickness
3827:Thickness
3688:C.J. Date
2948:then the
2944:supplier,
2507:Tutorial
2462:Publisher
2446:E.F.Codd
2441:American
2330:E.F.Codd
2302:Genre ID
2153:E.F.Codd
2145:Tutorial
2127:American
2113:Genre ID
2020:E.F.Codd
1985:E.F.Codd
1974:Tutorial
1953:American
1939:Tutorial
1918:American
1901:Genre ID
1811:Database
1770:Tutorial
1746:American
1732:Genre ID
1664:Tutorial
1637:Database
1619:American
1605:Genre ID
1544:Tutorial
1517:Database
1499:American
1485:Genre ID
118:synthesis
40:talk page
5796:Category
5712:Sharding
5568:Relation
5542:Superkey
5497:Database
5490:Concepts
5326:Category
5257:See also
5218:Academic
5210:Lists of
5115:Enhanced
5070:Security
4939:Database
4746:Archived
4706:Archived
4695:Archived
4682:Archived
4436:24491594
4384:Archived
4207:, p. 381
4201:Archived
4162:See also
4117:Country
4059:Country
4020:is that
3916:Genre ID
3729:Genre ID
3628:Location
3586:Location
3407:Location
3350:Location
3223:Location
3031:superkey
2950:supplier
2938:and the
2928:and the
2920:supplier
2900:superkey
2872:Florida
2848:Florida
2831:Location
2736:Location
2690:Florida
2657:Florida
2624:Florida
2591:Florida
2568:Location
2495:Genre ID
2466:Country
2449:British
2156:British
2023:British
1988:British
1590:Subject
1470:Subject
745:superkey
653:on each
161:—
5806:Outline
5605:Trigger
5561:Objects
5183:caching
4973:Machine
4672:9195704
4393:May 22,
4100:Apress
4067:Apress
2956:to the
2471:Apress
2423:Author
2398:E-book
2387:E-book
2319:Apress
2290:Author
2226:E-book
2215:E-book
2136:Apress
2095:Author
2071:{Title}
1982:E-book
1965:Apress
1947:E-book
1930:Apress
1880:Author
1819:Design
1761:Apress
1706:Author
1692:table:
1690:Subject
1683:Subject
1675:In the
1655:Apress
1642:Design
1576:Author
1535:Apress
1522:Design
1464:Format
1458:Author
106:columns
89:British
5620:Cursor
5578:column
5447:NewSQL
5238:Online
5178:Tuning
5126:Schema
5103:Design
4983:Server
4978:Engine
4963:Models
4958:Theory
4847:(DKNF)
4823:(EKNF)
4703:Part 2
4670:
4617:
4549:
4522:
4434:
4424:
4378:
4368:
4273:
3912:Pages
3887:Thick
3809:Thick
3767:Thick
3746:Thick
3663:Texas
3603:Texas
3458:Texas
3367:Texas
3257:Texas
2888:Texas
2880:Texas
2856:Texas
2712:Texas
2701:Texas
2668:Texas
2635:Texas
2602:Texas
2489:Genre
2429:Author
2412:39.99
2401:13.88
2390:22.34
2379:49.99
2368:Price
2364:Format
2353:Price
2336:Thick
2316:Thick
2293:Pages
2240:39.99
2229:13.88
2218:22.34
2207:49.99
2196:Price
2192:Format
2181:Price
2162:Thick
2133:Thick
2101:Pages
2079:Format
2060:Format
2032:Thick
2026:39.99
1997:Thick
1991:13.88
1962:Thick
1956:22.34
1927:Thick
1921:49.99
1889:Pages
1886:Price
1876:Format
1803:MySQL
1758:Thick
1752:49.99
1720:Pages
1717:Price
1713:Format
1652:Thick
1632:MySQL
1625:49.99
1593:Pages
1587:Price
1583:Format
1532:Thick
1512:MySQL
1505:49.99
1473:Pages
1467:Price
1455:Title
1075:Every
478:(2003)
467:(1981)
456:(1979)
445:(2012)
434:(1977)
423:(1974)
412:(1982)
401:(1971)
390:(1971)
379:(1970)
368:(1970)
336:DKNF:
324:ETNF:
312:BCNF:
306:EKNF:
110:tables
5610:Index
5573:table
5476:Cloud
5442:NoSQL
5437:Graph
5374:Types
5113:(and
5083:Audit
5053:Query
5025:Tools
5020:Types
4853:(6NF)
4835:(4NF)
4817:(3NF)
4811:(2NF)
4805:(1NF)
4799:(UNF)
4668:S2CID
4432:S2CID
4387:(PDF)
4342:(PDF)
4271:S2CID
4092:Name
4056:Name
4026:when
3908:Title
3876:Slim
3831:Pages
3788:Slim
3721:Pages
3716:Title
3710:Book
3633:Title
3531:Title
3491:Texas
3474:Texas
3402:Title
3295:Title
3218:Title
3096:Title
3056:Title
2976:Title
2954:title
2930:title
2924:title
2770:Title
2732:Title
2563:Title
2499:Name
2359:Title
2286:Title
2280:Book
2252:Price
2187:Title
2091:Title
2085:Book
2075:Price
2056:Price
2052:Title
1871:Title
1865:Book
1786:Title
1702:Title
1696:Book
1572:Title
659:whole
342:6NF:
330:5NF:
318:4NF:
300:3NF:
294:2NF:
288:1NF:
282:UNF:
5661:ODBC
5651:JDBC
5590:View
5527:Null
5522:CRUD
5502:ACID
5457:list
5420:list
5398:list
5015:Lock
4946:Main
4615:ISBN
4578:2019
4547:ISBN
4520:ISBN
4496:2019
4471:2021
4422:ISBN
4395:2018
4376:OCLC
4366:ISBN
4125:USA
4070:USA
4006:DKNF
3984:636
3966:338
3948:538
3930:520
3890:351
3882:350
3841:DKNF
3806:636
3785:338
3764:538
3743:520
3700:Book
3035:ETNF
2724:BCNF
2482:USA
2474:USA
2333:538
2313:520
2273:Book
2268:Book
2266:The
2250:and
2248:Book
2168:USA
2159:538
2139:USA
2130:520
2038:USA
2029:538
2003:USA
1994:538
1968:USA
1959:520
1933:USA
1924:520
1839:Book
1764:USA
1755:520
1658:USA
1649:520
1538:USA
1529:520
749:only
462:DKNF
440:ETNF
418:BCNF
407:EKNF
214:null
5656:XQJ
5583:row
5003:DSN
4658:doi
4414:doi
4358:doi
4261:doi
4024:6NF
3682:5NF
3201::
3199:5NF
3191:5NF
3023:4NF
2904:4NF
2740:4NF
2256:2NF
2064:2NF
1851:key
1845:of
1561:of
1433:4NF
473:6NF
451:5NF
429:4NF
396:3NF
385:2NF
374:1NF
363:UNF
184:An
172:An
138:SQL
5833::
4701:,
4666:.
4654:26
4652:.
4648:.
4569:.
4504:^
4487:.
4457:.
4444:^
4430:.
4420:.
4382:.
4374:.
4364:.
4348:.
4344:.
4283:^
4269:.
4257:13
4255:.
4249:.
4234:^
4122:1
4097:1
4064:1
4044::
4008:.
3879:1
3843:.
3706::
3684:.
3608:2
3600:1
3592:1
3561:2
3553:1
3545:1
3537:1
3497:2
3452:1
3424:1
3413:1
3372:2
3364:1
3356:1
3325:2
3317:1
3309:1
3301:1
3262:2
3251:1
3240:1
3229:1
3171:3
3168:3
3163:2
3160:2
3155:1
3152:1
3126:3
3118:2
3110:1
3078:3
3070:2
3062:1
3015:3
3009:3
3004:2
2998:2
2993:1
2987:1
2885:3
2877:2
2869:2
2861:2
2853:1
2845:1
2837:1
2808:3
2800:2
2792:2
2784:1
2776:1
2742:.
2706:3
2695:2
2684:2
2673:2
2662:2
2651:2
2640:2
2629:1
2618:1
2607:1
2596:1
2585:1
2574:1
2512:2
2504:1
2342:2
2322:1
2258:.
2171:2
2142:1
2041:2
2006:2
1971:1
1936:1
1767:1
1661:1
1541:1
1428:.
1230:—
1152:—
1070:—
988:—
910:—
196:A
101:.
5359:e
5352:t
5345:v
4931:e
4924:t
4917:v
4778:e
4771:t
4764:v
4674:.
4660::
4621:.
4580:.
4555:.
4528:.
4498:.
4473:.
4438:.
4416::
4397:.
4360::
4277:.
4263::
4032:.
3993:3
3988:1
3975:3
3970:1
3957:2
3952:2
3939:1
3934:1
3818:3
3813:1
3797:3
3792:1
3776:2
3771:2
3755:1
3750:1
3481:1
3464:1
3436:1
2960:.
216:.
55:)
51:(
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