151:
incorporating
Swedish gymnastics as taught by Ling. Most of her work focused on training educators for elementary school students, and during her time at the London School Board she introduced Swedish gymnastics to nearly 300 schools; by 1888, Swedish gymnastics was being taught by qualified teachers in girls' schools in every department of the London School Board. Bergman-Österberg also organised public demonstrations of her students performing Swedish gymnastics and promoting women's physical education: one such public demonstration in 1883 was attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, and received approbation in the press.
33:
249:
206:, which was invented in the United States in 1892. In 1893, Bergman-Österberg returned from a visit to the United States, and informally introduced one version of basketball to her students at Hampstead. Two years later, an American lecturer by the name of Dr Toles (alternatively spelled "Toll") more formally introduced basketball to her students. The rules of this game were modified by Madame Österberg's students over several years. Substantial revisions were made during a visit in 1897 from another American teacher, Miss Porter, who introduced rules from
230:
rival institutions to her own; however, Kathleen McCrone attributes
Bergman-Österberg's opposition to the fact that she did not come up with the idea herself. Instead she formed her own, insular association, the Bergman Österberg Union, in 1900. Conflicts between the two associations would not be resolved until after Bergman-Österberg's death, with both organisations merging to form the Ling Association and Affiliated Gymnastic Societies. This organisation would eventually become the
226:, a dress that facilitated practical movement for women playing sport, replacing the ground-length skirts and mutton-arm blouses that were normally worn by contemporary sportswomen. Bergman-Österberg eagerly adopted the new apparel for her students, which became a standard uniform among British schoolgirls during the 20th century.
122:. Her gymnastics studies also took her to England, France, Germany and Switzerland. Martina Bergman-Österberg is noted as having played a pivotal role in the early development of netball. Netball was similar to 1982's basketball, that was invented in 1980 prior to graduating in 1881, and later that year moved to London.
108:), Sweden. Her parents were Karl Bergman, a farmer, and Betty Lundgren; she also had two brothers who both died at a young age, and three sisters who eventually settled abroad. After receiving a private education at home, she was employed as a governess from 1870 to 1873, and from 1874 to 1877 she worked as a
139:
boys in public schools, while private institutions taught either German-style gymnastics, which emphasised apparatus-based and rhythmic exercises, or
Swedish-style gymnastics, which used anatomy-based regimented drills and therapeutic exercises. Physical training was permitted for girls in 1873 by the
218:
With less space to accommodate increased enrolments, and with the imminent demolition of the
Hampstead campus to make way for a railway, later in 1895 Bergman-Österberg purchased a large country house named Kingsfield on a 14-acre (57,000 m) estate on Oakfield Lane in Dartford. She converted the
158:. She grew dissatisfied with the bureaucracy at the London School Board, and felt stifled in fully achieving her aims. She also remarked on the unsuitability of teaching working-class girls in London, observing that they lived in an environment of malnutrition, neglect and dreadful living conditions.
146:
The superintendent position at the London School Board was first established in 1878. Since no
English teachers possessed sufficient qualifications at the time, its first appointee was a Swede named Concordia Löfving, who like Bergman-Österberg was trained at the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute in
138:
had provided universal elementary education in
England, and allowed schools to receive government grants for providing physical training. But at the time, physical education (or "physical training" at the time) as a subject was not taught in the curricula of most schools. Military drill was taught to
174:
Bergman-Österberg developed a two-year course modelled on that at the Royal
Central Gymnastics Institute in Sweden. She taught anatomy, animal physiology, chemistry, physics, hygiene, theory of movement, dancing, deportment and Swedish gymnastics. English team sports were also taught at the college:
170:
in South
Hampstead, London. Her college was the first physical training college in England, one in which she admitted women only, as she felt that female instructors would better understand their female students. While male instructors did teach physical training in schools, at that time there were
186:
Once students entered the college, Bergman-Österberg maintained an autocratic rule over their daily lives. She forbade students from visiting each other's rooms, enforced an early "lights out" rule, permitted only cold baths, refused weekend leave except in special circumstances and censored their
183:, gearing her young students for motherhood, or establishing them to train other young women for such a role: "I try to train my girls to help raise their own sex, and so to accelerate the progress of the race; for unless the women are strong, healthy, pure, and true, how can the race progress?".
178:
Believing that the liberators of the female sex were to be found in the ranks of the middle class, she deliberately kept enrolment fees high and student numbers low. She only admitted students with above-average intelligence and education, an aptitude for natural science, a sound constitution and
256:
Madame Österberg remained at the college for the rest of her life, although she retired from her teaching duties starting in 1913. Her health was reported to be declining in the spring of 1915: on 29 July that year, Martina
Bergman-Österberg died of cancer at the age of 65. Before her death, she
229:
A group of her graduate students formed the Ling
Physical Education Association in 1899, the first association representing the workers of the emerging profession in the United Kingdom. They invited Bergman-Österberg to be president of the new association, but she angrily refused, disavowing any
306:
in Cornwall, at which time it was renamed the Dartford College of Physical Education. In 1976, Dartford College was amalgamated with Thames Polytechnic: gymnastics instruction ceased in 1982, and by 1986 teacher training had stopped as well; the college was eventually incorporated into the
150:
Bergman-Österberg was responsible for the instruction of female physical training teachers and with certifying their competence. During her appointment she trained 1312 teachers in Swedish gymnastics, anatomy and physiology, and pioneered a national system of physical training instruction,
84:. Bergman-Österberg was an advocate of women's emancipation, directly encouraging women to be active in sport and education, and also donating money to women's emancipation organisations in her native Sweden. Several of her students founded the Ling Association, which later became the
147:
Stockholm. She advocated Swedish gymnastics and introduced it to girls' schools; after one year in the position she had received 600 applications. When Löfving resigned from the post in 1881, Bergman-Österberg was appointed as her successor.
175:
although Bergman-Österberg never fully understood them, she did appreciate their significance to the English people, and their potential to teach an "appreciation of space and time, discipline, reason, quickness and unselfishness".
194:, and was often referred to as Madame Österberg after her marriage. However, while Dr Österberg remained in Sweden, Madame Österberg continued her work in England, although they visited each other as often as their work allowed.
76:. Bergman-Österberg pioneered teaching physical education as a full subject within the English school curriculum, with Swedish-style gymnastics (as opposed to the German model) at its core. She also advocated the wearing of
219:
ballroom to a gymnasium, and the lookout tower to servants' quarters, before opening the new college in September that year. At its new campus, the school became known as the Bergman Österberg Physical Training College.
117:
In 1879, she started a two-year course at the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute in Stockholm, studying pedagogical and medical gymnastics. She was trained in the Swedish system of gymnastics devised by
311:. The university maintains The Bergman Österberg Archive, a collection of material regarding her physical education college in Dartford. The Dartford College site is now operated by
187:
mail. But after completing the course, graduates of the college were virtually guaranteed employment in girls schools throughout the country, with an ample yearly salary of £100.
171:
no institutions offering pedagogical physical training courses for men in England, who generally had to travel to Germany, Denmark or Sweden to gain formal qualifications.
1703:
222:
Bergman-Österberg's students were themselves to have their own influences on women's physical education. In 1897 one of her students, Mary Tait, invented the
262:
302:
A physical education instructor's college for men would not exist in England until the 1930s. During World War II, her college at Dartford was evacuated to
237:
Dartford college produced a documentary about Madame Österberg and her legacy on physical education and emancipation of women. The documentary can be found
231:
85:
179:
character, a pleasing appearance, and considerable zeal and devotion. Bergman-Österberg's ideas on women's emancipation were centred on contemporary
1698:
1165:
Smart, Richard (2001). "At the Heart of a New Profession: Margaret Stanfield, a Radical English educationist". In Mangan, J. A.; Hong, Fan (eds.).
687:
1420:
1095:
Hargreaves, Jennifer (2002), "The Victorian cult of family and the early years of female sport", in Scraton, Sheila; Flintoff, Anne (eds.),
1425:
926:
Bloomfield, Anne (September 2005). "Martina Bergman-Osterberg (1849–1915): Creating a Professional Role for Women in Physical Training".
1245:
The Challenge of Change in Physical Education: Chelsea College of Physical Education – Chelsea School, University of Brighton 1898–1998
1638:
827:
166:
In 1885, Bergman-Österberg established the Hampstead Physical Training College and Gymnasium for women, against financial advice, at
1361:
858:
277:, one of the two most significant single financial supporters of the National Association for Women's Suffrage, in which her niece
1668:
252:
An English Heritage blue plaque at the site of Bergman-Österberg's original physical training college in South Hampstead, London.
982:
Donovan, Mick; Jones, Gareth; Hardman, Ken (2006). "Physical Education and Sport: Dualism, Partnership and Delivery Provision".
1648:
72:
in Stockholm she moved to London, where she founded the first physical education instructors' college in England, to which she
1324:
916:
805:
759:
238:
1693:
1114:
606:
1015:
Galligan, Frank; Maskery, Colin; Spence, Jon; Howe, David; Barry, Tim; Ruston, Andy; Crawford, Dee (24 October 2000).
1392:
1348:
1252:
1174:
1142:
1104:
1085:
1066:
1047:
1024:
972:
898:
1470:
140:
17:
295:
also commemorates Bergman-Österberg's original physical training college campus at 1 Broadhurst Gardens (NW6) in
143:, and within three years it was made compulsory for girls in elementary schools within the London School Board.
1586:
154:
Her interest eventually shifted towards teaching middle-class women to become physical training instructors in
135:
1658:
691:
1678:
1643:
270:
202:
Martina Bergman-Österberg is noted as having played a pivotal role in the early development of netball;
1688:
1683:
1663:
1653:
1440:
996:
134:
as Lady Superintendent of Physical Exercises in Girls' and Infants' schools. Eleven years earlier, the
1115:"The Development of Netball and the All-Australia Women's Basketball Association (AAWBBA): 1891–1939"
1284:
1235:
1184:
Treagus, Mandy (January 2005). "Playing Like Ladies: Basketball, Netball and Feminine Restraint".
32:
1673:
1591:
1503:
1365:
312:
308:
210:
in the United States. By this time, the new sport had also acquired a new name: "net ball".
155:
1460:
889:
Aldrich, Richard (1998), "Teacher training in London", in Floud, Roderick; Glynn, Sean (eds.),
1385:
1222:
391:
207:
191:
97:
1633:
1628:
1570:
1490:
632:
73:
274:
8:
1607:
862:
285:
248:
131:
65:
1343:
1549:
1518:
1475:
1452:
1313:
1201:
1152:
McCrone, Kathleen E. (1991). "Class, Gender, and English Women's Sport, c. 1890–1914".
1036:
951:
167:
110:
61:
101:
1513:
1498:
1336:
Madame Bergman-Österberg: Pioneer of Physical Education and Games for Girls and Women
1320:
1248:
1214:
1205:
1170:
1138:
1100:
1081:
1062:
1043:
1020:
968:
955:
943:
912:
894:
801:
1544:
1465:
1378:
1193:
935:
289:
180:
119:
1508:
296:
40:
1197:
1078:
Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Women's Sports
105:
1565:
1539:
1435:
80:
by women playing sports, and played a pivotal role in the early development of
1004:
Idrott, historia och samhälle: Svenska idrottshistoriska föreningens årsskrift
939:
273:
for the establishment of an orchard garden school. She was in fact, alongside
1622:
1534:
1415:
947:
800:.. (Our Rightful Place. About women's struggle for suffrage) Förlag Bonnier.
278:
258:
604:
577:
Hargreaves (1997), p. 75; Hargreaves (2002), p. 60; McCrone (1988), pp 107–8
1430:
487:
1315:
Women First: The Female Tradition in English Physical Education, 1880–1980
454:
Costa and Guthrie, p. 77; Hargreaves (1997), p. 78; McCrone (1988), p. 105
1122:
Sporting Traditions, Journal of the Australian Society for Sports History
292:
265:, a women's suffrage organisation in Sweden, and donated a property near
1270:(in Swedish). Vol. 34 (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Nordic Family Book
190:
In 1886, she married Dr Edvin Per Wilhelm Österberg, a professor at the
27:
Swedish-born physical education instructor and women's suffrage advocate
203:
69:
68:
advocate who spent most of her working life in Britain. After studying
1263:
1135:
Playing the Game: Sport and the Physical Emancipation of English Women
568:
Hargreaves (1997), p. 77; Hargreaves (2002), p. 60; Giulianotti, p. 84
36:
390:
McCrone (1988), pp 101–104. For a comparison of the two styles, see
266:
257:
bequeathed her college to the English nation. She also left 50,000
1401:
764:
303:
223:
81:
77:
316:
57:
891:
London Higher: The Establishment of Higher Education in London
595:
Aldrich and Gordon, p. 84; Webb, p. 2; McCrone (1988), p. 123
1298:(15–16). Landsföreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt: 2.
997:"Madame Bergman-Österberg 1849–1915, en bortglömd pionjär?"
630:
1370:
893:(3rd ed.), Continuum International Publishing Group,
315:
after this branch of the University of Greenwich moved to
1014:
796:
Barbro Hedwall (2011). Susanna Eriksson Lundqvist. red..
356:
Aldrich and Gordon, p. 24; Fehn, p. 128; Westrin, p. 194
96:
Martina Bergman-Österberg was born on 7 October 1849 in
1285:"En bortgången märkeskvinna: Martina Bergman-Österberg"
611:
Liverpool Lions – Origins and Development of Basketball
1059:
Dictionary of British Women's Organisations, 1825–1960
679:
798:
Vår rättmätiga plats. Om kvinnornas kamp för rösträtt
232:
Physical Education Association of the United Kingdom
86:
Physical Education Association of the United Kingdom
981:
1704:Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences alumni
1312:
1035:
745:
743:
963:Costa, D. Margaret; Guthrie, Sharon Ruth (1994).
423:
421:
1620:
559:McCrone (1988), p. 107; Hargreaves (1997), p. 78
550:McCrone (1988), p. 106; Hargreaves (1997), p. 75
541:Costa and Guthrie, p. 77; McCrone (1988), p. 106
436:McCrone (1988), p. 105; Hargreaves (1997), p. 69
965:Women and sport: Interdisciplinary perspectives
740:
402:
400:
197:
130:Bergman-Österberg was appointed in 1881 to the
1113:Jobling, Ian; Barham, Pamela (November 1991).
605:Liverpool University Women's Basketball Club.
418:
1386:
1186:International Journal of the History of Sport
1112:
1056:
906:
778:Fehn, p. 132; Wallace (2002); Westrin, p. 194
663:
661:
488:"Introduction to the Bergman Österberg Union"
114:librarian, where she met her future husband.
962:
624:
397:
334:
332:
1033:
685:
1393:
1379:
1261:
1094:
1075:
925:
711:
709:
658:
586:Bloomfield, p. 530; McCrone (1988), p. 106
39:of Martina Bergman-Österberg published in
1061:. London and Portland, OR: Woburn Press.
329:
263:National Association for Women's Suffrage
243:
1310:
1282:
907:Aldrich, Richard; Gordon, Peter (1989).
688:"History of England Netball (1891–2008)"
598:
247:
91:
31:
1699:Swedish emigrants to the United Kingdom
1212:
1183:
1151:
1132:
888:
706:
322:
281:was a leading figure and once chairman
56:; 7 October 1849 – 29 July 1915) was a
14:
1621:
1080:(3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis.
1057:Gordon, Peter; Doughan, David (2002).
820:
482:
480:
478:
364:
362:
288:medal in 1906 for her life's work. An
125:
50:Martina Sofia Helena Bergman-Österberg
1374:
1164:
859:"The Bergman Österberg Union Archive"
1242:
1099:, Abingdon and New York: Routledge,
994:
851:
161:
1362:The Bergman Österberg Union Archive
1333:
909:Dictionary of British Educationists
475:
359:
213:
24:
1304:
472:McCrone (1988), p. 105; Webb, p. 1
25:
1715:
1355:
1349:Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon
1283:Wicksell, Anna (15 August 1915).
631:All England Netball Association.
1471:Netball and the Olympic Movement
1213:Wallace, Wendy (26 April 2002).
633:"History of Netball (1891–2001)"
377:McCrone (1991), p. 161; Donovan
1338:. London: University of London.
1215:"The woman who made girls jump"
881:
842:
811:
790:
787:Westrin, p. 194; Wicksell, p. 2
781:
772:
752:
731:
718:
670:
649:
589:
580:
571:
562:
553:
544:
535:
522:
513:
504:
466:
457:
448:
439:
430:
1669:Litteris et Artibus recipients
1639:People from Eslöv Municipality
409:
384:
371:
350:
341:
13:
1:
1649:English educational theorists
1133:McCrone, Kathleen E. (1988).
1076:Hargreaves, Jennifer (1997).
1034:Giulianotti, Richard (2005).
284:Bergman-Österberg received a
136:Elementary Education Act 1870
828:"ÖSTERBERG, MARTINA BERGMAN"
817:Fehn, p. 133; Wicksell, p. 2
519:Gordon and Doughan, pp 83–84
198:Early development of netball
7:
1694:19th-century Swedish people
1400:
1198:10.1080/0952336052000314593
1038:Sport: A Critical Sociology
271:Fredrika Bremer Association
10:
1720:
1097:Gender and Sport: A Reader
1600:
1579:
1558:
1527:
1489:
1481:Martina Bergman-Österberg
1451:
1408:
1344:Martina Bergman-Österberg
1311:Fletcher, Sheila (1984).
940:10.1080/00467600500220762
655:Jobling and Barham, p. 30
368:Aldrich and Gordon, p. 24
100:, a farming community in
1262:Th Westrin, ed. (1922).
1154:Journal of Sport History
749:Hargreaves (1997), p. 82
445:Hargreaves (1997), p. 71
427:Hargreaves (1997), p. 69
1366:University of Greenwich
1167:Freeing the Female Body
1017:Advanced PE for Edexcel
607:"Basketball to Netball"
313:North West Kent College
309:University of Greenwich
1461:World Netball Rankings
1334:May, Jonathan (1963).
1230:Cite journal requires
737:McCrone (1988), p. 109
510:McCrone (1988), p. 105
415:McCrone (1988), p. 104
406:McCrone (1991), p. 161
253:
244:Later years and legacy
156:English public schools
46:
1243:Webb, Ida M. (1999).
1137:. London: Routledge.
392:Battle of the Systems
251:
192:University of Uppsala
92:Early life and career
35:
1491:Geography of netball
1292:Rösträtt för Kvinnor
995:Fehn, Inger (2000).
928:History of Education
694:on 29 September 2010
323:Notes and references
141:Gladstone government
1659:Swedish governesses
1608:Injuries in netball
1559:Netball terminology
1342:Ottosson, Anders.
286:Litteris et Artibus
132:London School Board
126:London School Board
74:admitted women only
1679:History of netball
1644:Creators of sports
1550:Wheelchair netball
1476:Clara Gregory Baer
1453:History of netball
1268:Nordisk familjebok
967:. Human Kinetics.
830:. English Heritage
760:"Madame Osterberg"
254:
208:women's basketball
168:Broadhurst Gardens
111:Nordisk familjebok
62:physical education
47:
1689:Swedish feminists
1684:Swedish educators
1664:English feminists
1654:English educators
1616:
1615:
1326:978-0-485-11248-1
1319:. Athlone Press.
918:978-0-7130-0177-8
865:on 3 October 2011
806:978-91-7424-119-8
686:England Netball.
275:Lotten von Kræmer
162:Hampstead College
16:(Redirected from
1711:
1528:Netball variants
1466:Rules of netball
1409:Governing bodies
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1339:
1330:
1318:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1209:
1180:
1161:
1148:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1091:
1072:
1053:
1041:
1030:
1011:
1001:
991:
978:
959:
922:
903:
875:
874:
872:
870:
861:. Archived from
855:
849:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
824:
818:
815:
809:
794:
788:
785:
779:
776:
770:
769:
756:
750:
747:
738:
735:
729:
722:
716:
713:
704:
703:
701:
699:
690:. Archived from
683:
677:
674:
668:
665:
656:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
637:
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
602:
596:
593:
587:
584:
578:
575:
569:
566:
560:
557:
551:
548:
542:
539:
533:
526:
520:
517:
511:
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
492:
484:
473:
470:
464:
461:
455:
452:
446:
443:
437:
434:
428:
425:
416:
413:
407:
404:
395:
388:
382:
375:
369:
366:
357:
354:
348:
345:
339:
336:
290:English Heritage
214:Dartford College
181:social Darwinism
120:Pehr Henrik Ling
66:women's suffrage
21:
18:Dartford College
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1596:
1575:
1554:
1523:
1485:
1447:
1404:
1399:
1358:
1327:
1307:
1305:Further reading
1302:
1287:
1273:
1271:
1255:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1217:. TES Magazine.
1177:
1145:
1117:
1107:
1088:
1069:
1050:
1027:
999:
975:
919:
901:
884:
879:
878:
868:
866:
857:
856:
852:
847:
843:
833:
831:
826:
825:
821:
816:
812:
795:
791:
786:
782:
777:
773:
758:
757:
753:
748:
741:
736:
732:
723:
719:
714:
707:
697:
695:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:Aldrich, p. 233
666:
659:
654:
650:
640:
638:
635:
629:
625:
615:
613:
603:
599:
594:
590:
585:
581:
576:
572:
567:
563:
558:
554:
549:
545:
540:
536:
527:
523:
518:
514:
509:
505:
495:
493:
490:
486:
485:
476:
471:
467:
462:
458:
453:
449:
444:
440:
435:
431:
426:
419:
414:
410:
405:
398:
389:
385:
376:
372:
367:
360:
355:
351:
346:
342:
338:Westrin, p. 194
337:
330:
325:
297:South Hampstead
246:
216:
200:
164:
128:
102:Malmöhus County
94:
64:instructor and
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Netball people
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1587:National teams
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1566:Harrison Hoist
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Indoor netball
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:External links
1354:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1331:
1325:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1294:(in Swedish).
1280:
1259:
1253:
1240:
1232:|journal=
1210:
1181:
1175:
1162:
1149:
1143:
1130:
1110:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1054:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1012:
1006:(in Swedish).
992:
979:
973:
960:
923:
917:
904:
899:
885:
883:
880:
877:
876:
850:
841:
819:
810:
789:
780:
771:
751:
739:
730:
717:
715:Wallace (2002)
705:
678:
676:Treagus, p. 98
669:
657:
648:
623:
597:
588:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
534:
521:
512:
503:
474:
465:
456:
447:
438:
429:
417:
408:
396:
383:
370:
358:
349:
340:
327:
326:
324:
321:
245:
242:
215:
212:
199:
196:
163:
160:
127:
124:
93:
90:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1716:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Men's netball
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Fast5 netball
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:World Netball
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1254:0-7507-0976-6
1250:
1247:. Routledge.
1246:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:(1): 88–105.
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1176:0-7146-5088-9
1172:
1169:. Routledge.
1168:
1163:
1160:(1): 159–182.
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1144:0-415-00358-X
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1106:0-415-25953-3
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1087:0-415-07027-9
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1068:0-7130-4045-9
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1049:0-7456-2545-2
1045:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1026:0-435-50643-9
1022:
1019:. Heinemann.
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
993:
989:
985:
980:
976:
974:0-87322-686-0
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:(5): 517–34.
933:
929:
924:
920:
914:
911:. Routledge.
910:
905:
902:
900:0-485-11524-7
896:
892:
887:
886:
864:
860:
854:
845:
829:
823:
814:
807:
803:
799:
793:
784:
775:
767:
766:
761:
755:
746:
744:
734:
727:
721:
712:
710:
693:
689:
682:
673:
664:
662:
652:
634:
627:
612:
608:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
538:
531:
525:
516:
507:
489:
483:
481:
479:
469:
463:Smart, p. 124
460:
451:
442:
433:
424:
422:
412:
403:
401:
393:
387:
380:
374:
365:
363:
353:
344:
335:
333:
328:
320:
318:
314:
310:
305:
300:
298:
294:
291:
287:
282:
280:
279:Signe Bergman
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
250:
241:
240:
235:
233:
227:
225:
220:
211:
209:
205:
195:
193:
188:
184:
182:
176:
172:
169:
159:
157:
152:
148:
144:
142:
137:
133:
123:
121:
115:
113:
112:
107:
104:(now part of
103:
99:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
43:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1480:
1347:
1335:
1314:
1295:
1291:
1272:. Retrieved
1267:
1244:
1223:cite journal
1189:
1185:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1096:
1077:
1058:
1037:
1016:
1007:
1003:
987:
983:
964:
931:
927:
908:
890:
882:Bibliography
867:. Retrieved
863:the original
853:
844:
832:. Retrieved
822:
813:
797:
792:
783:
774:
763:
754:
733:
725:
720:
696:. Retrieved
692:the original
681:
672:
651:
639:. Retrieved
626:
614:. Retrieved
610:
600:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
546:
537:
529:
524:
515:
506:
494:. Retrieved
468:
459:
450:
441:
432:
411:
386:
378:
373:
352:
347:Fehn, p. 128
343:
301:
283:
255:
236:
228:
221:
217:
201:
189:
185:
177:
173:
165:
153:
149:
145:
129:
116:
109:
106:Skåne County
95:
53:
49:
48:
41:
29:
1634:1915 deaths
1629:1849 births
1274:10 February
1264:"Österberg"
1128:(1): 29–48.
990:(1): 16–27.
984:Kinesiology
496:11 February
293:blue plaque
98:Hammarlunda
1623:Categories
1571:Test match
1042:. Polity.
869:1 November
848:Webb, p. 2
698:13 October
641:1 November
317:Avery Hill
299:, London.
204:basketball
70:gymnastics
1206:145103289
1010:: 128–33.
956:145192894
948:0046-760X
834:9 January
808:(Swedish)
724:Galligan
528:Galligan
319:in 2002.
37:Xylograph
1601:See also
1504:Americas
1426:Americas
728:., p. 21
532:., p. 20
381:., p. 18
78:gymslips
45:in 1890.
1592:Players
1519:Oceania
1441:Oceania
1402:Netball
1364:at the
765:YouTube
304:Newquay
269:to the
261:to the
224:gymslip
82:netball
58:Swedish
54:Bergman
1514:Europe
1499:Africa
1436:Europe
1421:Africa
1323:
1251:
1204:
1173:
1141:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1046:
1023:
971:
954:
946:
915:
897:
804:
616:24 May
267:Båstad
60:-born
1580:Lists
1288:(PDF)
1202:S2CID
1118:(PDF)
1000:(PDF)
952:S2CID
726:et al
636:(PDF)
530:et al
491:(PDF)
379:et al
52:(née
1509:Asia
1431:Asia
1321:ISBN
1276:2009
1249:ISBN
1236:help
1171:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1021:ISBN
969:ISBN
944:ISSN
913:ISBN
895:ISBN
871:2010
836:2012
802:ISBN
700:2008
643:2008
618:2009
498:2009
239:here
42:Idun
1346:at
1194:doi
936:doi
1625::
1290:.
1266:.
1227::
1225:}}
1221:{{
1200:.
1190:22
1188:.
1158:18
1156:.
1124:.
1120:.
1002:.
988:38
986:.
950:.
942:.
932:34
930:.
762:.
742:^
708:^
660:^
609:.
477:^
420:^
399:^
361:^
331:^
259:kr
234:.
88:.
1394:e
1387:t
1380:v
1329:.
1296:4
1278:.
1257:.
1238:)
1234:(
1208:.
1196::
1179:.
1147:.
1126:8
1090:.
1071:.
1052:.
1029:.
1008:5
977:.
958:.
938::
921:.
873:.
838:.
768:.
702:.
645:.
620:.
500:.
394:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)