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Water appropriations legislation. Construction on the new instrument started June 22, 2016 with CD-3 (Start
Construction) approval and was largely assembled by 2019 with commissioning finishing in March 21, 2020 in advance of the pandemic and marking the formal end of the project (CD-4). DESI was completed under budget by $ 1.9M and 17 months ahead of schedule. As a consequence, the project received the DOE Project Management Excellence Award for 2020. After a pause for the pandemic and a transition to remote operations, DESI returned to survey operations in December, 2020 with a final checkout and validation phase prior to starting its planned five-year survey. The five-year survey began on May 14, 2021. DESI was shut down for three months in the summer of 2022 due to the Contreras fire which engulfed Kitt Peak. DESI was undamaged and is acquiring scientific data.
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plane accommodates 5,000 small computer controlled fiber positioners on a 10.4 millimeter pitch. The entire focal plane can be reconfigured for the next exposure in less than two minutes while the telescope slews to the next field. The DESI instrument is capable of taking 5,000 simultaneous spectra over a wavelength range from 360 nm to 980 nm. The DESI project scope included construction, installation, and commissioning of the new wide-field corrector and corrector support structure for the telescope, the focal plane assembly with 5,000 robotic fiber positioners and ten guide/focus/alignment sensors, a 40-meter optical fiber cabling system that brings light from the focal plane to the spectrographs, ten 3-arm spectrographs, an instrument control system, and a data analysis pipeline.
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444:(BAO) imprinted in the clustering of galaxies, quasars, and the intergalactic medium. The BAO technique is a robust way to extract cosmological distance information from the clustering of matter and galaxies. It relies only on very large-scale structure and it does so in a manner that enables scientists to separate the acoustic peak of the BAO signature from uncertainties in most systematic errors in the data. BAO was identified in the 2006 Dark Energy Task Force report as one of the key methods for studying dark energy. In May 2014, the High-Energy Physics Advisory Panel, a federal advisory committee, commissioned by the
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catalogs also exist in a database format. For convenience, a copy of the public databases is also hosted by the NOIRLab Astro Data Lab science platform, and by using the SPectral
Analysis and Retrievable Catalog Lab (SPARCL). One easy way to access DESI spectra online is to use the legacy viewer at the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. Users have to check the box for DESI spectra and click on an encircled galaxy or star for a link to the DESI Spectral Viewer to show up. The spectrum can be explored in the DESI Spectral Viewer. (Please see External Links under
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spectroscopic redshift, and thus create a 3-D map of the universe. The 3-D map of the large-scale structure of the universe also contains more information about dark energy than just the BAO and is sensitive to the mass of the neutrino and parameters that governed the primordial universe. During its five-year survey, which began on May 15, 2021, the DESI experiment is expected to observe 40 million galaxies and quasars.
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masses to the early universe. The data from DESI will be used to create three-dimensional maps of the distribution of matter covering an unprecedented volume of the universe with unparalleled detail. This will provide insight into the nature of dark energy and establish whether cosmic acceleration is
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All of the publicly available data including redshift catalogs, added-value catalogs, and documentation, can be accessed through DESI sata portal. Individuals with accounts at the
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) can access the entire public portion of the DESI data. DESI
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was appointed by the laboratory to be DESI's project director who served in that role starting in 2012 and throughout construction. Henry
Heetderks was project manager from 2013 until 2016, Robert Besuner was project manager from 2016 until 2020. Congressional authorization was provided in 2015, and
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method requires a three-dimensional map of distant galaxies and quasars created from the angular and redshift information of a large statistical sample of cosmologically distant objects. By obtaining spectra of distant galaxies it is possible to determine their distance, via the measurement of their
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DOE approved CD-0 (Mission Need) on
September 18, 2012, approved CD-1 (Alternative Selection and Cost Range) on March 19, 2015, and CD-2 (Performance Baseline) on September 17, 2015. Congressional approval for the start of DESI as a new Major Item of Equipment was provided in the FY15 Energy &
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The DESI instrument implements a new highly multiplexed optical spectrograph on the Mayall
Telescope. The new optical corrector design creates a very large, 8.0 square degree field of view on the sky, which combined with the new focal plane instrumentation weighs approximately 10 tonnes. The focal
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of the new corrector system was obtained on the night of April 1, 2019, and first-light of the entire instrument was achieved on the night of
October 22, 2019. Commissioning ensued after first light and was completed in March, 2020, then paused during the pandemic in 2020. DESI started its 5-year
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due to a cosmic-scale modification of
General Relativity. DESI will be transformative in the understanding of dark energy and the expansion rate of the universe at early times, one of the greatest mysteries in the understanding of the physical laws.
1296:"Nearly Two Million Galaxies, Quasars, and Stars Contained in DESI Early Data Release - First small fraction of gigantic cosmic survey released and now available via DOE's Berkeley Laboratory with a portion hosted by NOIRLab's Astro Data Lab"
558:. The area of the surveys is 14,000 square degrees (about one third of the sky) and avoids the Milky Way. These surveys were combined into the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, or Legacy Surveys. Colored images of the survey can be viewed in the
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at left consisting of around 4 million galaxies and quasars taken from 2000 to 2020 and the DESI survey at right consisting of around 7.5 million during its 7 first months starting in 2021 and expected to be completed by 2026 with 35
1416:"Footprints of Galactic Immigration Uncovered in Andromeda Galaxy - The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument reveals compelling evidence of a mass migration of stars into a galaxy other than the Milky Way"
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plus an additional $ 19M from other non-federal sources including contributions in-kind. The leadership of DESI currently consists of the director, Dr. Michael E. Levi, collaboration co-spokespersons
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Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin; Blum, Robert; Burleigh, Kaylan; Fan, Xiaohui; Findlay, Joseph R.; Finkbeiner, Doug; Herrera, David; Juneau, Stéphanie; Landriau, Martin (May 2019).
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An artistic celebration of the Dark Energy
Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) year-one data, showing a slice of the larger 3D map that DESI is constructing during its five-year survey.
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From the level of detail able to be observed, the largest 3-D map of the universe at this point has been created (2024). From this precise data, DESI Director
Michael Levi stated:
890:"DESI at Kitt Peak Has Mapped More Galaxies Than All Previous 3D Surveys Combined - DOE Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument passes 7.5 million measured galaxy redshifts"
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Allende Prieto, Carlos; Aguado, David S.; González Hernández, Jonay I.; Rebolo, Rafael; Najita, Joan; Manser, Christopher J.; Rockosi, Constance; Slepian, Zachary;
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562:. The legacy survey covers 16,000 square degrees of the night sky containing 1.6 billion objects including galaxies and quasars out to 11 billion years ago.
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Eisenstein, Daniel; et al. (2005). "Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the Large-Scale Correlation Function of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies".
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Seo, Hee-Jong; Eisenstein, Daniel J. (2003). "Probing Dark Energy with Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations from Future Large Galaxy Redshift Surveys".
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and oversees operation of the experiment including a 600-person international scientific collaboration. Cost of construction was $ 56M from the
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333:. The main DESI survey started in May 2021. DESI sits at an elevation of 6,880 feet (2,100 m), where it has been retrofitted onto the
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is evolving over time. Those may or may not go away with more data, so we’re excited to start analyzing our three-year dataset soon.
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On 13 June 2023 the DESI Early Data Release (EDR) was announced. The EDR contains spectra of nearly two million galaxies,
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main scientific survey on May 14, 2021. DESI is currently operating normally after surviving the Contreras fire in 2022.
1443:; Valluri, Monica; Ezzeddine, Rana; Koposov, Sergey E.; Cooper, Andrew P.; Dey, Arjun; Gänsicke, Boris T. (2023-06-01).
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To provide targets for the DESI survey three telescopes surveyed the northern and part of the southern sky in the
1066:"Successful Start of Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Follows Record-Setting Trial Run - Berkeley Lab"
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670:. One early result of the EDR was announced in February 2023 and described a mass migration of stars into the
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Example spectrum taken by DESI for the Early Data Release. The image shows the spectrum of the galaxy
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DESI received a go-ahead to start R&D for the project in December 2012 with the assignment of the
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1345:"Legacy Survey Sky Browser with DESI Early Data Release enabled (centered around the galaxy IC 753)"
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321:. Its main components are a focal plane containing 5,000 fiber-positioning robots, and a bank of
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DESI installed on the Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory
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DESI installed on the Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory
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873:"Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context"
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1536:"First Results from DESI Make the Most Precise Measurement of Our Expanding Universe"
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We’re also seeing some potentially interesting differences that could indicate that
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1500:, Eso Astrophysics Symposia, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 69–74,
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and Dr. Julien Guy, project manager Dr. Patrick Jelinsky, instrument scientists
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Albrecht, Andreas; et al. (2006). "Report of the Dark Energy Task Force".
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which are fed by the fibers. The instrument enables an experiment to probe the
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1027:"DESI, an Ambitious Probe of Dark Energy, Achieves its Next Major Milestone"
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as the managing laboratory. Dr. Michael Levi, a senior scientist at the
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740:"How 5,000 Pencil-Size Robots May Solve the Mysteries of the universe"
546:. Those surveys were the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS), using the
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Instrument for conducting a spectrographic survey of distant galaxies.
914:"Comparison of complete Sloan Digital Sky Survey and first DESI data"
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313:) is a scientific research instrument for conducting spectrographic
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Levi, Michael; et al. (4 August 2013). "The DESI Experiment".
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DESI will measure the expansion history of the universe using the
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759:"DESI Opens Its 5,000 Eyes to Capture the Colors of the Cosmos"
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364:. Construction of the instrument was principally funded by the
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1267:"Kitt Peak National Observatory mostly operational after fire"
1091:"After Fire and Monsoons, DESI Resumes Cataloguing the Cosmos"
1041:"Office of Science Awards Successful Project Management Teams"
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and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS), using the 4-meter
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1394:"DESI Early Data Release Holds Nearly Two Million Objects"
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approved the start of physical construction in June 2016.
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Telescope tracks 35 million galaxies in Dark Energy hunt
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Telescope tracks 35 million galaxies in Dark Energy hunt
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1242:"Super New Telescope Opens Its Eyes For The First Time"
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1369:"DESI spectral viewer (Spectrum of the galaxy IC 753)"
991:"3-D Galaxy-mapping Project Enters Construction Phase"
674:. The EDR also revealed very distant quasars and very
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360 nm (830 THz)–980 nm (310 THz)
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1497:First Results from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey
382:Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
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628:One of four large lenses of the DESI's corrector
270:Location of Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
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400:, and by collaborating institutions worldwide.
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522:. Past collaboration spokespersons have been
490:The instrument fabrication was managed by the
372:, and by other numerous sources including the
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1116:"Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys"
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738:Pultarova, Tereza (February 16, 2018).
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786:, BBC Science report, 28 October 2019
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1635:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
1601:, BBC Science report, 28 October 2019
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572:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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422:large-scale structure of the universe
354:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
132:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
1494:Clowe, Douglas; Simard, Luc (2002),
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682:Possibly evolving dark energy levels
307:Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
20:Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
1265:Hill, Samantha (October 26, 2022).
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430:alternatives to General Relativity
390:Ministry of Science and Innovation
352:The instrument is operated by the
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757:Roberts, Jr., Glen (2019-10-28).
616:A section of the DESI focal plane
394:Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
327:expansion history of the universe
1396:. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
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1534:Biron, Lauren (April 4, 2024).
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1584:Instrument Final Design Report
1392:Biron, Lauren (13 June 2023).
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508:Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille
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374:US National Science Foundation
329:and the mysterious physics of
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1319:Survey, Legacy (2022-09-02).
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149:2,100 m (6,900 ft)
1625:Unsolved problems in physics
1089:Biron, Lauren (2022-10-07).
475:baryon acoustic oscillations
442:baryon acoustic oscillations
58:Nicholas U. Mayall Telescope
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1579:Science Final Design Report
1217:"Legacy Survey Sky Browser"
1064:Schulz, Bill (2021-05-17).
1025:Preuss, Paul (2015-09-21).
538:DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
450:National Science Foundation
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1574:Legacy Survey Sky Browser
1449:The Astrophysical Journal
939:The Astrophysical Journal
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398:Heising-Simons Foundation
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1120:The Astronomical Journal
287:Related media on Commons
581:US Department of Energy
524:Prof. Daniel Eisenstein
520:Prof. Constance Rockosi
496:US Department of Energy
446:US Department of Energy
424:is a key prediction of
366:US Department of Energy
358:US Department of Energy
356:under funding from the
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653:Index| Legacy Surveys)
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456:3D map of the universe
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37:Alternative names
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516:Prof. Klaus Honscheid
512:Dr. David J. Schlegel
510:, project scientists
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452:(NSF) endorsed DESI.
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210:scientific instrument
1569:Index| Legacy Survey
1373:www.legacysurvey.org
1349:www.legacysurvey.org
714:"DESI Design Report"
315:astronomical surveys
206:Telescope style
1471:2023ApJ...957...76A
1142:2019AJ....157..168D
961:2005ApJ...633..560E
822:2003ApJ...598..720S
552:Blanco 4m telescope
548:Bok 2.3-m telescope
528:Prof. Risa Wechsler
426:cosmological models
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1564:Official DESI site
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658:Early Data Release
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464:Comparison of the
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585:Office of Science
504:Prof. Kyle Dawson
500:Office of Science
418:expansion history
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