25:
692:, arithmetic, mathematics, and English. If the school is found inadequate, the supervisor must report it to the municipal school authority. In extraordinary circumstances, the Ministry of Education may establish special supervision, for example if there is reason to believe that the school teaches a subject so poorly that it may give the pupils problems later on in life.
457:, who exercised a powerful influence on the development of Danish schools. Grundtvig wanted to reduce the task of children's schools to no more than the teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic in order to make room, either at home or at school, for a liberal narrative education that would build on the natural potential for development inherent in the child's mind.
453:, which reduced the number of teachers by a drastic simplification of the curriculum to enable preposterously large numbers of pupils to be taught by a single individual. After some years, this method provoked increasing opposition from parents, who wanted more liberal and inspiring forms of education. Their demands received vigorous support from the poet-clergyman
797:
first to the sixth year; art from the first to the fifth year; social studies from the eighth to the ninth year; geography and biology from the seventh to the ninth year; physics and chemistry in the seventh to ninth year; needlework, wood- or metalworking and cooking for one or more years between the fourth and seventh year.
967:
set and marked at central level. Examinations are not compulsory. The pupils decide whether or not to sit for examinations in a subject upon consultation with the school, or in practice, their own teachers and their parents. But, in general 90–95% write the leaving examination after the 10th year of the
898:
In the ninth to eleventh years, the information system is increased to include a written report at least twice a year giving the pupil's standpoint in academic achievement and in application. For pupils at this level, the evaluation of the level of attainment in the individual subjects is expressed
796:
Danish, Christian studies — including in the oldest forms instruction in foreign religions and other philosophies of life, PE and sport, and mathematics during the entire nine-year period; English and history from the third to the ninth year; music from the first to the sixth year; science from the
717:
The new act, which came into effect for the school year 1994–1995, has abolished the division of the subjects of arithmetic, mathematics, English, German, physics, and chemistry into basic and advanced level courses in the 8th to 10th forms, introducing a system of differentiated teaching, by which
620:
adopted a new private school act, which introduced a new public grant system for private schools giving them a grant towards the operational expenditures per pupil per year, which in principle matches the corresponding public expenditures in the municipal schools - less the fees paid by the parents
966:
Examinations are held at two levels: the leaving examination after the 10th and 11th year and the 11th form examination. Standard rules have been developed for all the examinations with a view to ensuring uniformity throughout the country. For the same reason, the written examination questions are
695:
Educational experts say the rise in use of private schools in the 2000s is partly due to white Danish families putting their children in private schools when the neighbouring public school gets more than 30% pupils of immigrant background. About 24% of pupils grade 1–3 in
Copenhagen attend private
676:
Private schools are recognised and receive government financing regardless of the ideological, religious, political, or ethnic motivation behind their establishment. Some private schools are very old, some quite new, and new ones are added all the time. It is characteristic of the private schools
887:
The act is very clear on this point, requiring that pupils and parents be regularly informed of the school's opinion about how each student is profiting from their schooling. In this case, regularly means at least twice a year and refers explicitly to information as to the student's personal and
749:
shall endeavour to create such opportunities for experience, industry and absorption that the pupils develop awareness, imagination and an urge to learn, so that they acquire confidence in their own possibilities and a background for forming independent judgements and for taking personal action.
684:
confers on private schools the right to use the final examinations of the folkeskole, thereby exercising a certain extent of quality control. In principle, however, it is not up to any government authority but to the parents of each private school to check that its performance measures up to the
604:
Compulsory education commences on 1 August of the calendar year of the child's 6th birthday, and it terminates on 31 July, when the child has received regular instruction for 10 years. At the request of the parents or with their consent, a child's education may be postponed to one year after the
883:
is required by law to help promote the personal and social development of each individual student according to their capability. Working methods are modified towards the pupil's attainment of greater self-reliance and maturity. This aspect of pedagogic policy requires close co-operation between
838:
The teaching in the 10th form comprises the following subjects as obligatory subjects: Danish, mathematics, and
English to an extent corresponding to a total of 14 lessons a week (i.e. half of the minimum weekly teaching time). Instruction must be offered in PE and sport, Christian studies and
600:
Any child resident in
Denmark is subject to 10 years of compulsory education from the age of six to sixteen. The first year is pre-school, referred to as kindergarten class or 0th form. An additional non-compulsory 10th form is offered at many schools. Children who are to live in Denmark for a
475:, new Education Acts were brought forth around 1900, which changed the Danish basic school by expanding its curriculum. A four-year middle school for students over 11 years of age was established in 1903 to form a bridge between the folkeskole and the realskole (lower secondary school) and the
759:
shall familiarise the pupils with Danish culture and contribute to their understanding of other cultures and of man's interaction with nature. The school shall prepare the pupils for active participation, joint responsibility, rights and duties in a society based on freedom and democracy. The
713:
The comprehensive concept of the folkeskole enables students to remain in the same student group with the same classmates from the 1st to the 10th (or 11th) form, sharing the same experiences in all subjects with peers of all types of backgrounds and covering the whole range of ability.
546:
There are different ways of meeting the rules pertaining to compulsory education: by attending the municipal folkeskole, a private school, by home tuition, or as far as the last two to three years of the basic school are concerned by attending one of the alternative school forms: the
355:
However, quite early trade and crafts demanded more practical schools. The primitive writing-and-counting schools had their origins here, usually with very mediocre teachers, but they were very useful and therefore they flourished, maintained by private support and by the guilds.
582:
s, those with a pre-school and 1st–10th form levels, those with a pre-school and 1st-7th form levels, and those with only three or more consecutive form levels. The latter may be placed under the management of another school unless the enrollment is more than 100.
586:
Compulsory education can thus not be met fully in the second or third type of schools, and students of such schools have to switch schools after the 7th form. The first type of school is common in areas with a large pupil-basis, whereas more thinly populated
572:
s have about 88% of all pupils of compulsory school age. They provide basic education free of charge to children between the ages of seven and sixteen, or through the voluntary pre-school, the nine years of compulsory education, to the voluntary tenth year.
605:
normal commencement of compulsory education, when such a step is justified by the child's development. A child may also – at the request of their parents, and if they are considered able to follow the instruction – be admitted before their sixth birthday.
410:
was spreading from
Germany to Denmark. It aroused among church people a sense of responsibility towards forthcoming generations and enjoyed royal support. A series of calls by the church for universal confirmation which could only be met by some degree of
601:
minimum of six months are subject to the regulations on compulsory education. Compulsory education means an obligation to participate in the teaching of the folkeskole or in a teaching which is comparable to what is usually required in the folkeskole.
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religious education, social studies and physics or chemistry. Furthermore, pupils who have chosen German or French as a second foreign language in the seventh to ninth years must be offered continued instruction in that subject in the tenth year.
850:
The basic subjects are Danish, religious studies, mathematics, art, history, music, physical education, English and science. Later classes are home economics, chemistry, social studies, needlework, woodworking, physics, geography and biology.
739:
shall — in co-operation with the parents — further the pupils' acquisition of knowledge, skills, working methods and ways of expressing themselves and thus contribute to the all-round personal development of the individual pupil.
529:
in 1990 introduced new provisions regarding the administration of the schools with more managerial competence vested in the headteacher and the setting up of school boards with large parental representation. Finally, another
398:
sprang up, laying the foundation of classically humanism among the higher strata of society, the broad masses had to be content with the old Danish schools or writing schools which provided a primitive form of instruction.
696:
schools. Another factor is parents in small communities who have organized to start a private school when small public schools have closed as a results of the Danish municipality reform which led to fewer municipalities.
873:
The students benefit from the teaching is being evaluated on a continuous basis. This evaluation forms the basis of the guidance of the individual pupil with a view to the further planning of the teaching.
591:
may have a number of the second and third type school and only one or two of the first type. The smallest school has six students and the largest 892, with the average school containing 320 pupils (1999).
519:
464:, who created a distinctively Danish parent-controlled school known as the free school as an alternative to state-sponsored education, exercising a growing influence over the latter's mode of functioning.
183:
406:
established 240 schoolhouses bearing the royal insignia and called them
Cavalry schools after a division of the country into military districts. At the same time, the new religious movement of
479:. The middle schools rapidly attained great popularity, and over the next half-century, large numbers of children and young people used them as a stepping stone to upper secondary education.
515:
514:
reflected the demands of a new age in terms of equal access to all forms of education. The act of 1975 abolished the real-department and introduced two completely new examinations: the
534:
that came into force in 1994 stipulated that the folkeskole give a student the opportunity to develop as many of their talents as possible. One of the watchwords of the new act is
383:
school system. The religious houses were closed and the vast estates of the Roman
Catholic Church taken over by the Crown. This meant that the state also took over such tasks as
727:
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468:
430:
613:
As of 2013, private, or free elementary, schools cater to 15.6% of students in 2004–2005 of basic school age, having risen from 12.9% of students in 2004–2005.
445:
threatened to cripple the entire educational reform programme, the government had to resort to a distressingly mechanical method of education, the so-called
710:
consists of an obligatory pre-school class, the nine-year obligatory course and a voluntary eleventh year. It thus caters for pupils aged six to seventeen.
391:
643:
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The last such marks are given immediately before the written examinations and express the pupils' proficiency in the subject at that particular time.
823:
The following optional subjects and topics may be offered to the pupils in the eighth to tenth years: French or German as a third foreign language,
494:, middle schools were reorganised in 1958 to include two academic paths: a three-year academically oriented real department and the 8th–10th forms.
264:
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The marking scale was changed April 2007 (order by Danish ministry of
Education, Order no. 262 of 20 March 2007), to be comparable to the
222:
42:
89:
433:
were enacted in 1814, introducing better municipal primary schools and independent schools for children in rural areas all over
Denmark.
61:
471:
improved teacher training in several important respects. As Danish agriculture continued to modernise and Danish society continued to
193:
68:
422:
in the second half of the 18th century, that first succeeded in creating a real school for ordinary people, open to all children.
340:. This was the forerunner of the religious houses which sprang forth over the entire country from about 1100 onwards. In their
188:
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contains
Denmark's first educational legislation with a formal requirement for schools in all provincial boroughs. While new
75:
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between all three parties: pupil, parents and class teacher – which are a regular feature of Danish school life.
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teaching of the school and its daily life must therefore build on intellectual freedom, equality and democracy."
681:
660:
415:, brought many new schools into existence. Thus, a limited kind of compulsory education was formally introduced.
217:
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46:
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The teaching in the nine-year basic school covers the following subjects which are compulsory for all pupils:
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The strong attraction to the upper classes to the folkeskole gradually weakened. Since the conception of the
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The instruction in the basic school furthermore comprises the following obligatory topics: traffic safety,
344:, boys from surrounding villages — and occasionally girls as well — received elementary instruction in the
238:
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All that is demanded of private schools is that their teaching equal that of the municipal schools. The
418:
However, it was the 'philanthropic' movement, a very active current of educational thought inspired by
588:
902:
Marks are given according to the seven-point marking scale indicating the performance of the pupil:
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In the first to eighth years, information is given either in writing or, more commonly, as part of
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can be divided into obligatory subjects and topics offered throughout the entire period of the
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34,134 (US$ 5,500) and the average fees paid by the parents amounted to DKK 6,942 (US$ 1,100).
624:
In 1999, the average grant towards the operational expenditures per pupil per year amounted to
368:
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The second foreign language, German or French, must be offered in the seventh to tenth years.
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The parents must themselves choose a supervisor to check the pupils' level of achievement in
446:
419:
827:, technology, media, art, photography, film, drama, music, needlework, wood- or metalwork,
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covering the entire period of compulsory education, from the age of 6 to 16, encompassing
8:
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school and home, and an ongoing dialogue is sought between teachers, parents and pupils.
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the teachers have to adapt their teaching to the prerequisites of the individual pupil.
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538:, or that teaching should be adapted as much as possible to the individual student.
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The pupils in the eighth to tenth years must choose at least one optional subject.
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A substantial stride was taken in the direction of popular education in 1721, when
212:
831:, engine knowledge, other workshop subjects, and vocational studies. Furthermore,
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The grade 00 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an Fx on the ECTS scale
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The grade -3 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an F on the ECTS scale
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The grade 02 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an E on the ECTS scale
939:
The grade 12 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to an A on the ECTS scale
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345:
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The grade 10 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to a B on the ECTS scale
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1040:"Folkeskoleloven - Bekendtgørelse af lov om folkeskolen - retsinformation.dk"
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The grade 4 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to a D on the ECTS scale
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The grade 7 on the 7-point grading scale corresponds to a C on the ECTS scale
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Private schools can be roughly divided into the following categories:
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and optional subjects and topics offered in the 8th to 10th years.
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as well as educational, vocational and labour market orientation.
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When a prolonged agricultural crisis and economic slump after the
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to visit
Denmark around 822, purchased the freedom of twelve male
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and 85–90% write the leaving examination after the 11th year.
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social development as well as his purely academic attainment.
865:: continuous evaluation and evaluation through examinations.
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665:
Schools with a particular pedagogical objective, such as the
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developed in parsonages and state training colleges, and two
349:
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Small "Grundtvigian" independent schools in rural districts.
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There are two ways of carrying out evaluation in the
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and educated them in the first school in Denmark, at
460:Grundtvig's ideas were translated into practice by
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677:that they are smaller than municipal schools.
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638:Religious or congregational schools, such as
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1046:(in Danish). retsinformation.dk. 29 May 2013
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223:List of universities and colleges in Denmark
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520:Advanced Exit Examination of the Folkeskole
285:(English: 'people's school') is a type of
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1017:Line Madsen Simenstad (2 December 2013)
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685:demands set for the municipal schools.
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184:Higher Commercial Examination Programme
16:Public primary school system in Denmark
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621:of the pupils in the private schools.
449:imported from the industrial north of
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189:Higher Technical Examination Programme
877:In addition to the basic skills, the
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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576:There are three different types of
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516:Exit Examination of the Folkeskole
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198:Basic Social and Health Education
522:held on a single-subject basis.
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34:needs additional citations for
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218:University colleges in Denmark
179:Higher Preparatory Examination
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728:Act of the Folkeskole of 1994
58:"Danish Folkeskole Education"
1026:. Retrieved 6 December 2013
924:-3: Unacceptable performance
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166:Types of secondary education
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773:The subjects taught in the
616:In the spring of 1991, the
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921:00: Inadequate performance
909:10: Very good performance
906:12: Excellent performance
918:02: Adequate performance
653:Progressive free schools
553:, or the youth schools.
375:in 1536. As in Germany,
205:Post-secondary education
1019:Bølge av private skoler
672:German minority schools
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700:Levels and age groups
682:Ministry of Education
657:International schools
542:Types of institutions
469:Education Act of 1894
447:Bell-Lancaster method
420:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
379:quickly broke up the
371:came to Denmark from
1071:Education in Denmark
425:Planned training of
194:Vocational education
130:Education in Denmark
43:improve this article
915:4: Fair performance
912:7: Good performance
313:Legend has it that
309:Historical overview
303:secondary education
234:Education Ministers
152:Secondary education
124:Part of a series on
1044:retsinformation.dk
933:ECTS grading scale
789:Mandatory subjects
722:General objectives
455:N. F. S. Grundtvig
392:Church Law of 1539
144:Primary education
816:Optional subjects
726:Section 1 of the
618:Danish Parliament
404:King Frederick IV
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41:Please help
36:verification
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983:Volksschule
893:conferences
498:Modern form
377:Protestants
369:Reformation
360:Reformation
319:Benedictine
317:, a French
989:References
970:folkeskole
899:in marks.
880:folkeskole
862:folkeskole
782:folkeskole
776:folkeskole
767:folkeskole
756:folkeskole
746:folkeskole
736:folkeskole
707:folkeskole
579:folkeskole
569:folkeskole
566:Municipal
560:folkeskole
557:Municipal
550:efterskole
326:missionary
301:and lower
295:pre-school
281:folkeskole
139:Pre-school
69:newspapers
477:gymnasium
437:Grundtvig
385:education
342:cloisters
338:Schleswig
174:Gymnasium
1065:Category
977:See also
846:Subjects
659:such as
640:Catholic
518:and the
473:urbanise
427:teachers
413:literacy
381:Catholic
366:Lutheran
99:May 2012
1050:27 July
669:schools
667:Waldorf
650:schools
451:England
408:Pietism
373:Germany
348:and in
330:thralls
299:primary
291:Denmark
239:Grading
83:scholar
802:health
690:Danish
648:Muslim
525:A new
510:, and
334:Hedeby
315:Ansgar
287:school
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
833:Latin
753:"The
743:"The
733:"The
646:, or
350:dogma
90:JSTOR
76:books
1052:2013
808:and
804:and
704:The
512:1975
508:1958
504:1937
490:and
467:The
390:The
364:The
346:Mass
322:monk
277:The
62:news
626:DKK
532:act
527:act
336:in
289:in
45:by
1067::
1042:.
1010:^
996:^
935::
642:,
506:,
387:.
352:.
305:.
297:,
1054:.
266:e
259:t
252:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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