345:
51:
75:
360:
612:
is differentiated by herbaceous stems, larger blue-green leaves that are strongly dentate with a pointed apex, and only weakly aromatic. One scientific study however, demonstrated this confusion being mostly associated with horticultural commerce, and does not extend appreciably to commercial herbal
395:
Damiana is a relatively small, woody shrub that produces small, aromatic flowers. It blossoms in early to late summer, followed by fruits that taste similar to figs. The shrub is said to have a strong spice-like odor somewhat like
600:(a.k.a. "False Damiana"), a closely related species. This widespread issue has been noted by the scientific community, and has created much confusion among both amateur and professional horticulturists alike. While
1133:
Katarzyna
Szewczyka; Christian Zidorn (2014). "Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana—Turnera diffusa".
1021:
Szewczyk, K; Zidorn, C (2014). "Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus
Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana – Turnera diffusa".
1195:"Taxonomic Clarification on Turnera diffusa Ward and its Demarcation from "False Damiana" using Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy, HPTLC and UPLC"
608:
are woody, with small, grayed green leaves 13 to 16 mm long, 4.5 to 5.5 mm wide, obtuse at the apex, and strongly aromatic when crushed.
1631:
1670:
1384:
1251:
1414:"Assessment of the presence of damiana in herbal blends of forensic interest based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography"
1709:
1579:
1644:
1592:
682:
673:
641:
1098:
Zhao J, Dasmahapatra AK, Khan SI, Khan IA (2008). "Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera diffusa)".
732:
956:
874:
777:
367:. The shape of the bottle is modeled after that of a pregnant mother, a reference to Daminana's supposed aphrodisiac effect.
1649:
633:
604:
are similar in appearance, it's chemical constituents and ethnobotanical uses are distinctly different. Mature stems of
545:. As of 2006, damiana's constituents have not been identified for their effects attributed to the whole herb. Damiana's
1791:
861:
For God, Country, and Coca Cola: The
Definitive History of the Great American Soft Drink and the Company That Makes It
1806:
1781:
1177:
1064:
Kumar, Suresh; Taneja, Ruchi; Sharma, Anupam (2006), "Pharmacognostic
Standardization of Turnera aphrodisiaca Ward",
975:
Kumar, S; Madaan, R; Sharma, A (2008), "Pharmacological evaluation of
Bioactive Principle of Turnera aphrodisiaca",
1675:
1618:
435:
423:. Mexican folklore claims that it was used in the "original" margarita. The damiana margarita is popular in the
1727:
702:
678:
834:
1571:
388:
in the United States, Mexico, Central
America, South America, and the Caribbean. It belongs to the family
1722:
1597:
664:
442:. In folklore, the plant was believed to be an aphrodisiac, hence its sometimes used binomial synonym,
1521:
808:
74:
1796:
1662:
1801:
17:
1714:
1226:
736:
1636:
1566:
1483:
1359:
866:
948:
941:
1334:
518:
211:
207:
191:
858:
1688:
1553:
31:
8:
1701:
892:"Anti-anxiety Activity Studies on Homoeopathic Formulations of Turnera aphrodisiaca Ward"
554:
344:
50:
1748:
1433:
999:
916:
891:
859:
251:
69:
1786:
1683:
1540:
1413:
1173:
1150:
1115:
1081:
1046:
1038:
1004:
952:
921:
870:
839:
773:
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578:
1437:
1276:
1776:
1753:
1545:
1425:
1314:
1206:
1142:
1107:
1073:
1030:
994:
984:
911:
903:
854:
767:
526:
431:
112:
1319:
1302:
613:
products, most of which exhibit constituents that can be definitively traced to
467:
1696:
1412:
Schäffer, Marion; Gröger, Thomas; Pütz, Michael; Zimmermann, Ralf (July 2013).
594:
from both private and commercial sources largely turns out to be misidentified
389:
158:
99:
1429:
1146:
1111:
1034:
1770:
1506:
1042:
522:
483:
989:
1740:
1303:"Turnera diffusa 'Luisa', a Drought-tolerant Small Shrub for Warm Climates"
1211:
1194:
1154:
1119:
1085:
1077:
1050:
1008:
925:
530:
479:
234:
148:
1532:
907:
1657:
1605:
1515:
558:
499:
487:
471:
438:. The leaves were omitted from that product's non-alcoholic counterpart,
1193:
Joshi, V.C.; Rao, A.S.; Wang, Y.H.; Avula, B.; Khan, I.A. (March 2009).
1584:
1469:
1460:
793:
Gildemeister, Eduard; Friedrich
Hoffmann (1922). Edward Kremers (ed.).
546:
534:
416:
1610:
1301:
Meerow, Alan W.; Ayala-Silva, Tomás; Irish, Brian M. (December 2010).
765:
943:
Prescription for
Nutritional Healing: the A to Z Guide to Supplements
510:
503:
439:
424:
420:
397:
1477:
1735:
1500:
1132:
562:
550:
538:
475:
463:
459:
125:
1623:
514:
455:
412:
364:
359:
168:
1558:
1464:
507:
495:
491:
409:
138:
792:
385:
381:
86:
1411:
1227:"Damiana - Turnera diffusa, Turnera ulmifolia seed pictures"
30:"Damiana" redirects here. For the restaurant in Mexico, see
713:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
454:
Damiana contains damianin; tetraphyllin B; gonzalitosin I;
1252:"Turnera diffusa var diffusa or var aphrodisiaca or what?"
812:
766:
Everitt, J. H.; Dale Lynn Drawe; Robert I. Lonard (2002).
1097:
1300:
747:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
553:. The extract from damiana has been found to suppress
400:, due to the aromatic compounds present in the plant.
1020:
940:
1192:
1063:
974:
1768:
585:
826:
797:. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). Wiley. p. 183.
902:(1). Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 117–119.
801:
1385:"Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti"
889:
430:Damiana was included in several 19th-century
772:. Texas Tech University Press. p. 208.
576:is a host plant for the Mexican fritillary (
1172:. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books. p. 128.
853:
1170:Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley
970:
968:
731:
408:Damiana is an ingredient in a traditional
49:
1318:
1210:
998:
988:
977:Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
915:
1335:"Elm-leaved Turnera – Turnera ulmifolia"
358:
343:
965:
883:
769:Trees, Shrubs, and Cacti of South Texas
683:United States Department of Agriculture
674:Germplasm Resources Information Network
642:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
590:Viable plant and seed material sold as
14:
1769:
659:
657:
1482:
1481:
1167:
938:
832:
745:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
415:, which is sometimes used in lieu of
865:(2 ed.). Basic Books. pp.
654:
626:
557:, including the isolated compounds
24:
896:Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
890:Kumar, Suresh (February 9, 2005).
25:
1818:
1454:
1392:University of Florida, Miami-Dade
533:, the polyterpene ficaprenol-11,
449:
1728:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:836578-1
809:"Damiana Liqueur at Damiana.net"
73:
1405:
1377:
1352:
1327:
1294:
1269:
1244:
1219:
1186:
1161:
1126:
1091:
1057:
1014:
947:(2 ed.). Penguin. p.
932:
1256:National Gardening Association
847:
786:
759:
725:
695:
13:
1:
833:Perry, Charles (2007-06-20).
679:Agricultural Research Service
620:
586:Misidentification in commerce
541:have been found in the genus
1135:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1100:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
436:Pemberton's French Wine Coca
7:
1320:10.21273/HORTSCI.45.12.1895
549:properties might be due to
10:
1823:
939:Balch, Phyllis A. (2002).
711:Plants of the World Online
568:
29:
1792:Flora of Southern America
1490:
1430:10.1007/s11419-013-0186-5
1277:"Tropical Plant Database"
1168:Wauer, Roland H. (2004).
1147:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
1112:10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.016
1066:Journal of Medicinal Food
1035:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
355:foliage and inflorescence
257:
250:
223:
218:
197:
190:
70:Scientific classification
68:
57:
48:
41:
1807:Mexican alcoholic drinks
1782:Plants described in 1820
990:10.4103/0250-474X.49095
835:"The unexpected thrill"
403:
1212:10.1055/s-2009-1216454
1078:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.254
368:
356:
277:Bohadschia microphylla
1364:College of Micronesia
1339:A Neotropical Savanna
1023:Journal of Ethobotany
519:cyanogenic glycosides
362:
347:
1473:(www.rain-tree.com)
444:Turnera aphrodisiaca
363:A bottle of Damiana
293:Turnera aphrodisiaca
32:Damiana (restaurant)
1418:Forensic Toxicology
1360:"Turnera Ulmifolia"
908:10.1093/ecam/neh069
384:native to southern
321:Turnera microphylla
285:Triacis microphylla
269:Bohadschia humifusa
555:aromatase activity
458:; tricosan-2-one;
427:region of Mexico.
369:
357:
1764:
1763:
1684:Open Tree of Life
1484:Taxon identifiers
1313:(12): 1895–1896.
958:978-1-58333-143-9
876:978-0-46505-468-8
855:Pendergrast, Mark
840:Los Angeles Times
795:The Volatile Oils
779:978-0-89672-473-0
707:Willd. ex Schult"
597:Turnera ulmifolia
579:Euptoieta hegesia
342:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
297:
289:
281:
273:
237:
16:(Redirected from
1814:
1757:
1756:
1744:
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1717:
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1704:
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1678:
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1653:
1652:
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1089:
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919:
887:
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851:
845:
844:
830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
811:. Archived from
805:
799:
798:
790:
784:
783:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
699:
693:
692:
690:
689:
661:
652:
651:
649:
648:
630:
582:), a butterfly.
527:sesquiterpenoids
432:patent medicines
331:
329:Turnera pringlei
323:
315:
313:Turnera humifusa
307:
295:
287:
279:
271:
232:
203:
78:
77:
53:
39:
38:
27:Species of shrub
21:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1797:Flora of Mexico
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1522:Turnera diffusa
1520:
1519:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1492:Turnera diffusa
1486:
1457:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1166:
1162:
1131:
1127:
1096:
1092:
1062:
1058:
1019:
1015:
973:
966:
959:
937:
933:
888:
884:
877:
852:
848:
831:
827:
818:
816:
807:
806:
802:
791:
787:
780:
764:
760:
750:
748:
739:Turnera diffusa
730:
726:
716:
714:
705:Turnera diffusa
701:
700:
696:
687:
685:
667:Turnera diffusa
663:
662:
655:
646:
644:
636:Turnera diffusa
632:
631:
627:
623:
588:
571:
502:. In total, 22
452:
406:
373:Turnera diffusa
349:Turnera diffusa
338:
301:Turnera diffusa
288:(Desv.) Griseb.
263:
262:
238:
214:
205:
201:Turnera diffusa
199:
186:
183:T. diffusa
72:
59:Turnera diffusa
43:Turnera diffusa
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:Flora of Texas
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:wfo-0001143048
1745:
1732:
1719:
1706:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1527:
1512:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1456:
1455:External links
1453:
1451:
1450:
1424:(2): 251–262.
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1160:
1141:(3): 424–443.
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1056:
1029:(3): 424–443.
1013:
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523:monoterpenoids
451:
450:Phytochemistry
448:
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390:Passifloraceae
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316:Endl. ex Walp.
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1461:Damiana vault
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1231:shroomery.org
1228:
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1199:Planta Medica
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1179:9781555663476
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1072:(2): 254–60,
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923:
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913:
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897:
893:
886:
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872:
868:
863:
862:
856:
850:
842:
841:
836:
829:
815:on 2018-02-28
814:
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789:
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771:
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734:
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548:
544:
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536:
532:
531:triterpenoids
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192:Binomial name
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100:Tracheophytes
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85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1702:tro-33100134
1491:
1470:
1441:. Retrieved
1421:
1417:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
1329:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1169:
1163:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1026:
1022:
1016:
983:(6): 740–4,
980:
976:
942:
934:
899:
895:
885:
860:
849:
838:
828:
817:. Retrieved
813:the original
803:
794:
788:
768:
761:
749:. Retrieved
744:
738:
727:
715:. Retrieved
710:
704:
697:
686:. Retrieved
672:
666:
645:. Retrieved
635:
628:
614:
610:T. ulmifolia
609:
605:
602:T. ulmifolia
601:
595:
591:
589:
577:
573:
572:
542:
468:β-sitosterol
453:
443:
429:
407:
394:
377:
372:
371:
370:
353:aphrodisiaca
352:
348:
328:
320:
312:
305:aphrodisiaca
304:
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
243:
239:
230:aphrodisiaca
229:
225:
224:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
149:Malpighiales
132:
119:
106:
93:
63:aphrodisiaca
62:
58:
42:
36:
1658:NatureServe
1606:iNaturalist
1516:Wikispecies
1443:7 September
1397:7 September
1369:7 September
1344:7 September
1307:HortScience
1286:7 September
1261:7 September
1236:7 September
751:12 December
717:4 September
559:pinocembrin
535:fatty acids
500:hexacosanol
472:1,8-cineole
376:, known as
308:(Ward) Urb.
233:(G.H.Ward)
113:Angiosperms
1771:Categories
1697:Plant List
819:2007-04-10
733:USDA, NRCS
688:2012-01-03
647:2011-01-29
621:References
615:T. diffusa
606:T. diffusa
592:T. diffusa
574:T. diffusa
547:anxiolytic
504:flavonoids
484:β-carotene
434:, such as
421:margaritas
417:triple sec
219:Varieties
1572:250100978
1043:0378-8741
515:phenolics
511:glucoside
440:Coca-Cola
425:Los Cabos
398:chamomile
177:Species:
83:Kingdom:
1787:Liqueurs
1741:33100134
1736:Tropicos
1663:2.152508
1637:11356763
1624:836578-1
1530:BioLib:
1501:Wikidata
1438:21030359
1281:Raintree
1155:24468305
1120:18948180
1086:16822212
1051:24468305
1009:21369434
926:15864356
857:(2000).
735:(n.d.).
563:acacetin
551:apigenin
539:caffeine
517:, seven
488:β-pinene
480:α-pinene
476:apigenin
464:p-cymene
460:acacetin
252:Synonyms
155:Family:
126:Eudicots
1777:Turnera
1585:2874847
1507:Q932516
1471:Damiana
1000:3040867
917:1062162
569:Ecology
543:Turnera
492:tannins
456:arbutin
413:liqueur
410:Mexican
380:, is a
378:damiana
365:liqueur
280:Griseb.
272:C.Presl
244:diffusa
212:Schult.
170:Turnera
165:Genus:
145:Order:
87:Plantae
18:Damiana
1710:PLANTS
1676:329212
1611:170054
1559:584511
1533:210566
1465:Erowid
1436:
1176:
1153:
1118:
1084:
1049:
1041:
1007:
997:
955:
924:
914:
873:
776:
537:, and
508:maltol
498:; and
496:thymol
208:Willd.
139:Rosids
1689:92073
1650:22215
1632:IRMNG
1598:40777
1546:59PV6
1434:S2CID
1388:(PDF)
1205:(4).
869:–30.
386:Texas
382:shrub
351:var.
324:Desv.
303:var.
242:var.
240:T. d.
228:var.
226:T. d.
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
61:var.
1723:POWO
1715:TUDI
1671:NCBI
1645:ITIS
1619:IPNI
1593:GRIN
1580:GBIF
1445:2016
1399:2016
1371:2016
1346:2016
1288:2016
1263:2016
1238:2016
1174:ISBN
1151:PMID
1116:PMID
1082:PMID
1047:PMID
1039:ISSN
1005:PMID
953:ISBN
922:PMID
871:ISBN
774:ISBN
753:2015
719:2020
561:and
404:Uses
332:Rose
296:Ward
261:List
235:Urb.
1749:WFO
1567:FNA
1554:EoL
1541:CoL
1463:at
1426:doi
1315:doi
1207:doi
1143:doi
1139:152
1108:doi
1104:120
1074:doi
1031:doi
1027:152
995:PMC
985:doi
949:233
912:PMC
904:doi
419:in
210:ex
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