46:
33:
439:
3687:
427:
are related to treating acne-related issues. This issue often develops during hormonal periods; however, it is also apparent through early adulthood. There are no quantitative differences between C. acnes of the skin of patients with acne, but the C. acnes phylogenetic groups display distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics. C. acnes
816:
by which salicylic acid (SA) treats acne vulgaris. A study finds that SA suppresses the AMPK/SREBP1 (AMP-activated protein kinase)(AMPK/SREBP1 pathway is a signaling pathway involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in sebocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing sebum in the skin)
426:
infection. Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most common and universal skin diseases, affecting more than 45 million individuals in the United States. It is one of the most prominent skin diseases, affecting more than 45 million individuals yearly within the country. 20% of all dermatologist visits
517:
In addition to contributing to skin inflammation and acne lesions, an imbalance in these bacteria may also impair the skin's ability to heal and regenerate, leading to prolonged and more severe acne outbreaks. This disruption can also affect the skin's overall microbiome diversity, potentially
409:
bacteria secrete many proteins, including several digestive enzymes. These enzymes are involved in the digestion of sebum and the acquisition of other nutrients. They can also destabilize the layers of cells that form the walls of the follicle. The cellular damage, metabolic byproducts and
2758:
Ross JI, Snelling AM, Eady EA, Cove JH, Cunliffe WJ, Leyden JJ, et al. (February 2001). "Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant
Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients attending dermatology clinics in Europe, the U.S.A., Japan and Australia".
970:"The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov"
452:
starts to colonize on the skin around 1 to 3 years prior to puberty and grows exponentially during this time. This is why so many teens and young adults struggle with acne. Prescriptions to treat acne are often antibiotics. However, with the rise of
579:
that cause these infections of otherwise sterile tissues (prior to medical procedures), however, are the same subspecies found on the skin of individuals who do not have acne-prone skin, so are likely local contaminants. Moderate to severe
556:. The propionic acid which it secretes creates micro-fractures of the surrounding bone. These micro-fractures are sensitive and it has been found that antibiotics have been helpful in resolving this type of low back pain.
2871:
Coates P, Vyakrnam S, Eady EA, Jones CE, Cove JH, Cunliffe WJ (May 2002). "Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients: 10-year surveillance data and snapshot distribution study".
518:
increasing susceptibility to other skin conditions such as eczema or rosacea. Investigating the dynamics of this relationship may offer insights into novel therapeutic approaches for managing various skin disorders.
969:
447:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, which includes the hair follicle, hair shaft, and sebaceous gland and about 650 million people are affected globally by this disease.
2252:
Haidar R., Najjar M., Boghossian A.D., Tabbarah Z., "Propionibacterium acnes causing delayed postoperative spine infection: Review." Scandinavian
Journal of Infectious Diseases. 42 (6-7) (pp 405-411), 2010
824:. These results suggest that SA has a multifaceted approach in treating acne vulgaris by targeting several key factors that contribute to its development. The minimum inhibitory concentration for SA is
811:
is a naturally occurring substance derived from plants (white willow bark and wintergreen leaves) used to promote exfoliation of the skin in order to treat acne. Additionally, research investigates the
3059:
Fu Y, Zu Y, Chen L, Efferth T, Liang H, Liu Z, Liu W (October 2007). "Investigation of antibacterial activity of rosemary essential oil against
Propionibacterium acnes with atomic force microscopy".
3547:
Togsverd-Bo K, Wiegell SR, Wulf HC, Haedersdal M (February 2009). "Short and limited effect of long-pulsed dye laser alone and in combination with photodynamic therapy for inflammatory rosacea".
931:
1866:
Hiramatsu J, Kataoka M, Nakata Y, Okazaki K, Tada S, Tanimoto M, Eishi Y (October 2003). "Propionibacterium acnes DNA detected in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with sarcoidosis".
174:
167:
514:
have a symbiotic relationship. Both bacteria exist on the normal flora of the skin and a disrupt in balance of these bacteria on the skin can result in acne or other bacterial infection.
3102:
Raman A, Weir U, Bloomfield SF (October 1995). "Antimicrobial effects of tea-tree oil and its major components on
Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes".
1220:
Brüggemann H, Henne A, Hoster F, Liesegang H, Wiezer A, Strittmatter A, et al. (July 2004). "The complete genome sequence of
Propionibacterium acnes, a commensal of human skin".
160:
658:
bacteria are susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobial molecules, from both pharmaceutical and natural sources. The antibiotics most frequently used to treat acne vulgaris are
867:, which boosts production of this chemical, although this causes significant side effects in humans, and in practice was not significantly better than the light treatment alone.
3748:
817:
pathway in sebocytes, leading to a decrease in lipid synthesis and sebum production. SA also reduces the inflammatory response of sebocytes and decreases the proliferation of
2120:"Antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and vertebral bone edema (Modic type 1 changes): a double-blind randomized clinical controlled trial of efficacy"
1314:
Gilchrist TC (1900). "A bacteriological and microscopical study of over 300 vesicular and pustular lesions of the skin, with a research upon the etiology of acne vulgaris".
3363:
McLean RJ, Hussain AA, Sayer M, Vincent PJ, Hughes DJ, Smith TJ (September 1993). "Antibacterial activity of multilayer silver-copper surface films on catheter material".
391:, cellular debris and metabolic byproducts from the surrounding skin tissue as their primary sources of energy and nutrients. Elevated production of sebum by hyperactive
349:
296:
present on most healthy adult humans' skin. It is usually just barely detectable on the skin of healthy preadolescents. It lives, among other things, primarily on
4532:
498:, amongst other bacterial contaminants. Whether this is a root causality, just opportunistic and a side effect, or a more complex pathological duality between
1596:
Kim J (2005). "Review of the innate immune response in acne vulgaris: activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses".
3741:
2261:
Nisbet, M.; Briggs, S.; Ellis-Pegler, R.; Thomas, M. ;Holland, D. "Propionibacterium acnes: an under-appreciated cause of post-neurosurgical infection"
939:
3398:
Lu J, Cong T, Wen X, Li X, Du D, He G, Jiang X (October 2019). "Salicylic acid treats acne vulgaris by suppressing AMPK/SREBP1 pathway in sebocytes".
3186:
Lang G, Buchbauer G (January 2012). "A review on recent research results (2008–2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review".
2561:
Strauss JS, Krowchuk DP, Leyden JJ, Lucky AW, Shalita AR, Siegfried EC, et al. (April 2007). "Guidelines of care for acne vulgaris management".
2005:
855:
is especially sensitive to light in the 405–420 nanometer (near the ultraviolet) range due to an endogenic porphyrin–coporphyrin III. A total
599:, causing a range of postoperative and device-related infections, notably e.g., surgical infections, post-neurosurgical infections, infected joint
693:
bacteria represents a growing problem worldwide. The problem is especially pronounced in North
America and Europe. The antibiotic families that
4506:
2915:
Leyden JJ, Wortzman M, Baldwin EK (December 2008). "Antibiotic-resistant
Propionibacterium acnes suppressed by a benzoyl peroxide cleanser 6%".
2820:
Ross JI, Snelling AM, Carnegie E, Coates P, Cunliffe WJ, Bettoli V, et al. (March 2003). "Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe".
2356:
Perry A., Lambert P. " Propionibacterium acnes: Infection beyond the skin." Expert Review of Anti-Infective
Therapy. 9 (12) (pp 1149-1156), 2011
3734:
4545:
2468:
Gharamti AA, Kanafani ZA (December 2017). "Cutibacterium (formerly
Propionibacterium) acnes infections associated with implantable devices".
1731:
Tuchayi, Sara Moradi; Makrantonaki, Evgenia; Ganceviciene, Ruta; Dessinioti, Clio; Feldman, Steven R.; Zouboulis, Christos C. (2015-09-17).
4199:
3504:
Papageorgiou P, Katsambas A, Chu A (May 2000). "Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris".
3244:
Albietz JM, Lenton LM (October 2006). "Effect of antibacterial honey on the ocular flora in tear deficiency and meibomian gland disease".
2511:
4194:
414:
in follicles can trigger inflammation. This inflammation can lead to the symptoms associated with some common skin disorders, such as
335:
structure and DNA G + C content, the cutaneous species was distinguishable from other species that had been previously categorized as
890:
that is closely related to the human-associated strains. The two lines diverged roughly 7,000 years ago, at about the same time when
4480:
3691:
457:, antibiotics are now often combined with broad-spectrum antibacterial agents such as benzoyl peroxide, and other medications like
2715:
Tzellos T, Zampeli V, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC (June 2011). "Treating acne with antibiotic-resistant bacterial colonization".
4519:
4042:
3828:
2985:
2262:
4524:
2196:"Population genetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes identifies a subpopulation and epidemic clones associated with acne"
1382:
4606:
895:
4166:
4145:
4110:
3944:
4232:
4445:
4037:
3757:
1457:
1409:
4012:
4601:
4550:
4364:
2694:
1173:"Draft Genome Sequences of Propionibacterium acnes Type Strain ATCC6919 and Antibiotic-Resistant Strain HL411PA1"
4081:
4071:
3978:
3215:"Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils extracted from Korean endemic citrus species"
3147:"The antibacterial activity of clove essential oil against Propionibacterium acnes and its mechanism of action"
3328:
Libenson L, Hadley FP, Mcilroy AP, Wetzel VM, Mellon RR (1953). "Antibacterial effect of elemental sulfur".
2942:
4596:
4344:
4189:
3822:
2061:"Propionibacterium acnes biofilm is present in intervertebral discs of patients undergoing microdiscectomy"
355:
45:
4330:
4236:
4175:
4101:
575:
and is associated with disease activity, but it can also be found in 23% of controls. The subspecies of
3890:
494:
1458:"Cutibacterium (Formerly Propionibacterium) avidum: A Rare but Avid Agent of Prosthetic Hip Infection"
4560:
4221:
4005:
3939:
2536:
1028:"Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates"
3726:
4358:
4022:
3836:
3701:
3697:
3643:"Interkingdom transfer of the acne-causing agent, Propionibacterium acnes, from human to grapevine"
687:
454:
3713:
3214:
3010:"Efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate ointment (Oronine H(®)) for experimentally-induced comedones"
4260:
4246:
4027:
3856:
3798:
2366:
Emery DC, Shoemark DK, Batstone TE, Waterfall CM, Coghill JA, Cerajewska TL, et al. (2017).
741:
596:
479:
2059:
Capoor MN, Ruzicka F, Schmitz JE, James GA, Machackova T, Jancalek R, et al. (2017-04-03).
331:
was taxonomically reclassified as a result of biochemical and genomic studies. In terms of both
4511:
4407:
4253:
4207:
4155:
4120:
4032:
3983:
3952:
3927:
2515:
1545:
Holland C, Mak TN, Zimny-Arndt U, Schmid M, Meyer TF, Jungblut PR, Brüggemann H (August 2010).
825:
678:
bacteria, including quinolones, cephalosporins, pleuromutilins, penicillins, and sulfonamides.
636:
612:
608:
568:
309:
2977:
2368:"16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Shows Bacteria in Alzheimer's Post-Mortem Brain"
4389:
4292:
4127:
3641:
Campisano A, Ometto L, Compant S, Pancher M, Antonielli L, Yousaf S, et al. (May 2014).
3008:
Yamakoshi T, Makino T, Matsunaga K, Yoshihisa Y, Rehman MU, Seki T, et al. (July 2012).
484:
478:
and the associated inflammation make the affected tissue more susceptible to colonization by
396:
130:
4573:
3707:
1779:"Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) Infections Clinical Presentation: History, Complications"
4467:
4053:
4017:
3995:
3847:
3814:
3787:
3458:
2207:
2072:
1229:
97:
1271:
Perry A, Lambert P (December 2011). "Propionibacterium acnes: infection beyond the skin".
8:
4288:
4183:
4086:
4066:
3973:
3895:
3807:
1778:
1700:"Recent advances in understanding Propionibacterium acnes ( Cutibacterium acnes) in acne"
864:
644:
258:
87:
3462:
2211:
2076:
1674:
1233:
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3618:
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3572:
3529:
3481:
3442:
3423:
3269:
3257:
3127:
3115:
3084:
3036:
3009:
2897:
2853:
2802:
2768:
2740:
2493:
2445:
2418:
2394:
2367:
2277:"Propionibacterium acnes postoperative shoulder arthritis: an emerging clinical entity"
2230:
2195:
2144:
2119:
2095:
2060:
2041:
1981:
1956:
1932:
1897:
1845:
1811:
1652:
1621:
1573:
1546:
1523:
1485:
1296:
1253:
1197:
1172:
461:(commonly known as Accutane) are being used on patients with severe or resistant acne.
231:
184:
40:
2671:
2646:
2622:
2598:"Antimicrobiol susceptibility of Propinibacterium acnes and related microbial species"
2597:
2419:"Propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated pathogen in implant-associated infections"
1359:
1334:
4568:
3988:
3912:
3664:
3623:
3564:
3560:
3521:
3517:
3486:
3427:
3415:
3380:
3345:
3310:
3261:
3226:
3168:
3119:
3076:
3041:
2981:
2970:
2924:
2889:
2885:
2845:
2833:
2794:
2782:
2732:
2676:
2627:
2578:
2497:
2485:
2450:
2399:
2339:
2334:
2317:
2298:
2235:
2176:
2149:
2100:
2033:
2025:
1986:
1937:
1875:
1837:
1825:
1760:
1752:
1656:
1613:
1578:
1527:
1477:
1431:
1364:
1288:
1245:
1202:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1123:
1059:
994:
778:
has also been shown to have some antibacterial properties that may be active against
632:
332:
3576:
3273:
3088:
2857:
2806:
2744:
2045:
1849:
1625:
1300:
1257:
383:, although they are also found on the surface of healthy skin. In these follicles,
4537:
4310:
3778:
3654:
3613:
3603:
3556:
3533:
3513:
3476:
3466:
3407:
3372:
3337:
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3158:
3131:
3111:
3068:
3031:
3021:
2901:
2881:
2837:
2829:
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2778:
2724:
2666:
2658:
2617:
2609:
2570:
2477:
2440:
2430:
2389:
2379:
2329:
2288:
2275:
Levy PY, Fenollar F, Stein A, Borrione F, Cohen E, Lebail B, Raoult D (June 2008).
2225:
2215:
2139:
2131:
2090:
2080:
2017:
1976:
1968:
1927:
1917:
1829:
1821:
1744:
1716:
1711:
1699:
1648:
1605:
1568:
1558:
1519:
1489:
1469:
1421:
1354:
1346:
1280:
1237:
1192:
1184:
1143:
1135:
1049:
1039:
984:
856:
725:
721:
534:
3163:
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2481:
1922:
4321:
4091:
3871:
2972:
Vanity, Vitality, and
Virility: The Chemistry Behind the Products You Love to Buy
2728:
2220:
2085:
2021:
1124:"Susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes ophthalmic isolates to moxifloxacin"
604:
530:
432:
392:
254:
3289:"In vitro antimicrobial activity of silver-processed catheters for neurosurgery"
1456:
Zeller VA, Letembet VA, Meyssonnier VA, Heym B, Ziza JM, Marmor SD (July 2018).
4430:
3968:
3769:
3761:
3471:
2574:
1473:
1350:
1106:
1026:
Dréno B, Pécastaings S, Corvec S, Veraldi S, Khammari A, Roques C (June 2018).
808:
737:
620:
553:
324:
67:
3287:
Bayston R, Vera L, Mills A, Ashraf W, Stevenson O, Howdle SM (February 2010).
2135:
1426:
343:
was created for the cutaneous species, including those formerly identified as
4590:
3958:
3880:
3793:
3341:
2384:
2029:
2006:"Clinical Features of Infectious Keratitis Caused by Propionibacterium Acnes"
1756:
1732:
1563:
1188:
1171:
Liu J, Cheng A, Bangayan NJ, Barnard E, Curd E, Craft N, Li H (August 2014).
813:
759:
733:
581:
538:
419:
305:
282:
246:
235:
107:
77:
3659:
3642:
1802:
Ross; et al. (2003). "Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe".
1241:
4279:
4213:
3917:
3904:
3668:
3627:
3568:
3525:
3490:
3419:
3349:
3314:
3265:
3230:
3172:
3080:
3045:
2928:
2893:
2849:
2798:
2736:
2582:
2489:
2454:
2403:
2343:
2302:
2239:
2180:
2153:
2104:
2037:
1990:
1941:
1879:
1841:
1764:
1660:
1617:
1582:
1531:
1481:
1435:
1368:
1292:
1249:
1206:
1157:
1077:
1063:
998:
989:
763:
720:
bacteria are susceptible to many types of antimicrobial chemicals found in
710:
702:
659:
458:
415:
289:
228:
3592:"Current evidence and applications of photodynamic therapy in dermatology"
3441:
Blaskovich MA, Elliott AG, Kavanagh AM, Ramu S, Cooper MA (October 2019).
3384:
3123:
3072:
2435:
1547:"Proteomic identification of secreted proteins of Propionibacterium acnes"
804:
Some other antimicrobials like salicylic acid have been proven to inhibit
32:
4493:
4439:
4302:
3305:
3288:
2680:
2662:
2631:
2613:
1896:
Fournière M, Latire T, Souak D, Feuilloley MG, Bedoux G (November 2020).
1748:
1730:
906:
848:
797:
have also been demonstrated to be toxic towards many bacteria, including
771:
706:
671:
667:
663:
624:
572:
250:
3608:
3213:
Baik JS, Kim SS, Lee JA, Oh TH, Kim JY, Lee NH, Hyun CG (January 2008).
3026:
1972:
1906:: Two Major Sentinels of Skin Microbiota and the Influence of Cosmetics"
4485:
4459:
4350:
4336:
4000:
3932:
3908:
1284:
1054:
840:
600:
380:
297:
293:
4498:
3447:
Antimicrobial Activity of Acne Drugs Against Skin-Associated Bacteria"
3411:
2841:
2790:
1861:
1859:
1833:
1609:
1410:"Cutibacterium acnes molecular typing: time to standardize the method"
1044:
1027:
3756:
3199:
3145:
Fu Y, Chen L, Zu Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Liu Y, et al. (January 2009).
1383:"Propionibacterium Cutibacterium - late breaking news and a new name"
891:
883:
879:
844:
767:
729:
698:
238:
4401:
3376:
2647:"Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes to seventeen antibiotics"
506:
species is not known. Current research has pointed to the idea that
431:
are also found much more frequently in acne and can induce distinct
4424:
2773:
2714:
2293:
2276:
1856:
628:
438:
57:
1816:
4454:
4062:
3007:
2316:
Sohail MR, Gray AL, Baddour LM, Tleyjeh IM, Virk A (April 2009).
2118:
Albert HB, Sorensen JS, Christensen BS, Manniche C (April 2013).
2117:
977:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
754:
Several naturally occurring molecules and compounds are toxic to
674:. Several other families of antibiotics are also active against
488:. Preliminary research shows healthy pores are only colonized by
428:
278:
3546:
2943:"Q&A for Health Care Professionals: Health Care Antiseptics"
1387:
Shoulder Arthritis / Rotator Cuff Tears: causes of shoulder pain
623:(synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome,
492:, while unhealthy ones universally include the nonpore-resident
4472:
3686:
794:
790:
786:
270:
262:
3549:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
2365:
1895:
1219:
1032:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
207:(Gilchrist 1900) Douglas and Gunter 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)
3640:
3440:
2004:
Lim, Sung A.; Na, Kyung-Sun; Joo, Choun-Ki (September 2017).
1865:
1455:
1025:
775:
640:
422:. Acne vulgaris is the disease most commonly associated with
388:
301:
1408:
Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Dréno B, Corvec S (November 2018).
1122:
Dali P, Giugliano ER, Vellozzi EM, Smith MA (October 2001).
863:. Its photosensitivity can be enhanced by pretreatment with
3327:
2416:
1544:
1407:
584:
appears to be more often associated with virulent strains.
274:
266:
242:
2819:
2560:
2540:
1639:
Zouboulis CC (2004). "Acne and sebaceous gland function".
1510:
Zouboulis CC (2011). "Acne and sebaceous gland function".
1121:
909:, to highlight its unexpected and unconventional habitat.
3362:
2537:"The Cause Of Acne and Natural or Medical Acne Treatment"
2318:"Infective endocarditis due to Propionibacterium species"
2274:
2058:
3503:
2315:
1104:
2870:
2645:
Wang WL, Everett ED, Johnson M, Dean E (January 1977).
2194:
Lomholt HB, Kilian M (August 2010). Bereswill S (ed.).
1957:"Staphylococcus epidermidis--the 'accidental' pathogen"
1170:
3286:
2695:"Antibiotic Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes"
2644:
379:
bacteria predominantly live deep within follicles and
2914:
2757:
2514:. Skincarephysicians.com. 2007-02-16. Archived from
1697:
3101:
2417:Portillo ME, Corvec S, Borens O, Trampuz A (2013).
1675:"Understanding Acne - News in Health, January 2010"
1105:Bhatia A, Maisonneuve JF, Persing DH (2004-01-01).
3596:Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
3014:Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
2969:
2595:
1868:Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse Lung Diseases
631:. It is also suspected a main bacterial source of
1335:"The Taxonomic Position of Corynebacterium acnes"
1264:
697:are most likely to acquire resistance to are the
410:bacterial debris produced by the rapid growth of
265:has been sequenced and a study has shown several
4588:
2596:Hoeffler U, Ko HL, Pulverer G (September 1976).
2467:
619:may play a role in other conditions, including
3058:
650:
2563:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
3742:
3243:
3185:
2193:
1332:
1115:
1108:Proprionibacterium acnes and Chronic Diseases
894:agriculture may have been established. This
843:, possibly due to the presence of endogenous
464:
339:. As part of restructuring, the novel genus
3212:
3206:
3052:
2512:"Prescription Medications for Treating Acne"
1270:
1100:
1098:
967:
886:appears to host an endophytic population of
227:) is the relatively slow-growing, typically
3540:
3397:
3144:
521:
3749:
3735:
31:
3700:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3658:
3617:
3607:
3480:
3470:
3304:
3293:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
3219:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
3162:
3035:
3025:
2772:
2670:
2621:
2444:
2434:
2393:
2383:
2333:
2292:
2229:
2219:
2166:
2143:
2094:
2084:
1980:
1931:
1921:
1815:
1715:
1638:
1572:
1562:
1509:
1425:
1358:
1313:
1307:
1196:
1147:
1095:
1053:
1043:
988:
774:contain antibacterial chemicals. Natural
587:
2461:
2410:
2003:
1401:
963:
961:
959:
957:
681:
437:
399:) or blockage of the follicle can cause
281:that may be immunogenic (activating the
4043:Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
3497:
3001:
2470:Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
1326:
1273:Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
4589:
3829:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection
3722:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
3589:
2967:
2961:
1449:
926:
924:
922:
639:brains. It is a common contaminant in
571:of approximately 70% of patients with
308:. It may also be found throughout the
4406:
4405:
3730:
3634:
2651:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2602:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2263:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2167:Inoue Y, Suga M (February 2008). "".
1891:
1889:
1698:Platsidaki, E; Dessinioti, C (2018).
1693:
1691:
1128:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
968:Scholz CF, Kilian M (November 2016).
954:
859:of 320 J/cm inactivates this species
713:(e.g., doxycycline and minocycline).
603:(especially shoulder), neurosurgical
4561:d1dbafb9-ad6f-4d06-a8e2-db6f84cc9384
1954:
1801:
1012:
905:in honour of the eccentric composer
359:. Characterization of phylotypes of
304:secreted by sebaceous glands in the
257:, the latter particularly following
3583:
2322:Clinical Microbiology and Infection
1595:
1414:Clinical Microbiology and Infection
1333:Douglas HC, Gunter SE (July 1946).
1070:
936:Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-Date
919:
831:
366:
13:
3945:Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
3506:The British Journal of Dermatology
3330:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
3258:10.1097/01.ico.0000225716.85382.7b
3116:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01051.x
2874:The British Journal of Dermatology
2822:The British Journal of Dermatology
2761:The British Journal of Dermatology
2265:. 60(5). NOV 2007. 1097-1103.1103.
1886:
1688:
1653:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004
1524:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004
724:antibacterial products, including
544:
14:
4618:
4038:Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
3758:Gram-positive bacterial infection
3679:
2947:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2717:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
870:
4013:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
3685:
3561:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02781.x
3518:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03481.x
3365:Canadian Journal of Microbiology
2886:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04690.x
2834:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x
2783:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03956.x
2335:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02703.x
1826:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x
1140:10.1128/AAC.45.10.2969-2970.2001
1111:. National Academies Press (US).
371:
363:is an active field of research.
44:
4365:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
3647:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3434:
3391:
3356:
3321:
3280:
3237:
3179:
3138:
3104:Letters in Applied Microbiology
3095:
2935:
2908:
2864:
2813:
2751:
2708:
2697:. ScienceOfAcne.com. 2011-07-15
2687:
2638:
2589:
2554:
2529:
2504:
2372:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
2359:
2350:
2309:
2268:
2255:
2246:
2187:
2160:
2111:
2052:
1997:
1948:
1795:
1771:
1724:
1667:
1632:
1589:
1538:
1503:
1375:
403:bacteria to grow and multiply.
4082:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
4072:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
3979:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
1804:British Journal of Dermatology
1737:Nature Reviews Disease Primers
1717:10.12688/f1000research.15659.1
1213:
1164:
559:
537:. The pathogen may also cause
1:
3188:Flavour and Fragrance Journal
3164:10.1001/archdermatol.2008.549
2976:. Oxford University. p.
2482:10.1080/14787210.2017.1404452
2423:BioMed Research International
1923:10.3390/microorganisms8111752
1316:Johns Hopkins Hospital Report
912:
839:glows orange when exposed to
749:
529:is a common cause of chronic
4345:Corynebacterium minutissimum
4190:Mycobacterium intracellulare
3823:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
2729:10.1517/14656566.2011.553192
2281:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2221:10.1371/journal.pone.0012277
2086:10.1371/journal.pone.0174518
2022:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000281
651:Antimicrobial susceptibility
356:Propionibacterium granulosum
323:for its ability to generate
249:; it can also cause chronic
7:
4331:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
3590:Wan MT, Lin JY (May 2014).
1462:The Journal of Arthroplasty
10:
4623:
4607:Bacteria described in 1946
3472:10.1038/s41598-019-50746-4
2575:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.048
1900:Staphylococcus epidermidis
1474:10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.008
1351:10.1128/JB.52.1.15-23.1946
495:Staphylococcus epidermidis
4414:
4379:
4320:
4278:
4231:
4165:
4144:
4109:
4100:
4051:
4006:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
3940:Tuberculous lymphadenitis
3888:
3879:
3870:
3846:
3777:
3768:
2968:Emsley J (July 1, 2004).
2136:10.1007/s00586-013-2675-y
1955:Otto, M (7 August 2009).
1427:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.010
442:Comedo acne from C. acnes
315:Originally identified as
190:
183:
156:
151:
136:
129:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
4359:Corynebacterium jeikeium
4023:Tuberculous pericarditis
3837:Actinomyces gerencseriae
3702:Medical Subject Headings
3400:Experimental Dermatology
2385:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00195
1564:10.1186/1471-2180-10-230
1189:10.1128/genomeA.00740-14
878:has been found to be an
709:(e.g., clindamycin) and
701:(e.g., erythromycin and
522:Ophthalmic complications
435:to combat against acne.
350:Propionibacterium avidum
4446:Propionibacterium acnes
4028:Urogenital tuberculosis
3857:Propionibacterium acnes
3799:Cutaneous actinomycosis
3716:Propionibacterium acnes
3698:Propionibacterium+acnes
3692:Propionibacterium acnes
3151:Archives of Dermatology
1339:Journal of Bacteriology
1242:10.1126/science.1100330
847:. It is also killed by
742:chlorhexidine gluconate
613:prosthetic heart valves
595:is often considered an
345:Propionibacterium acnes
321:Propionibacterium acnes
288:The species is largely
224:Propionibacterium acnes
204:Propionibacterium acnes
146:Scholz and Kilian, 2016
4602:Gram-positive bacteria
4033:Tuberculous dactylitis
3984:Tuberculous cellulitis
3342:10.1093/infdis/93.1.28
2124:European Spine Journal
2010:Eye & Contact Lens
1783:emedicine.medscape.com
1677:. Newsinhealth.nih.gov
1641:Clinics in Dermatology
1512:Clinics in Dermatology
990:10.1099/ijsem.0.001367
938:. DSMZ. Archived from
932:"Genus: Cutibacterium"
597:opportunistic pathogen
588:Opportunistic diseases
569:bronchoalveolar lavage
480:opportunistic bacteria
443:
310:gastrointestinal tract
4390:Gardnerella vaginalis
4293:Nocardia brasiliensis
3660:10.1093/molbev/msu075
3073:10.1055/s-2007-981614
1078:"Genus Cutibacterium"
682:Antibiotic-resistance
615:(predominantly men).
485:Staphylococcus aureus
474:The damage caused by
455:antibiotic resistance
441:
397:sebaceous hyperplasia
319:, it was later named
3996:Lichen scrofulosorum
3848:Propionibacteriaceae
3788:Actinomyces israelii
3694:at Wikimedia Commons
2663:10.1128/aac.11.1.171
2614:10.1128/aac.10.3.387
1749:10.1038/nrdp.2015.29
1177:Genome Announcements
882:of plants. Notably,
688:antibiotic-resistant
502:and this particular
241:(rod) linked to the
98:Propionibacteriaceae
16:Species of bacterium
4597:Propionibacteriales
4538:cutibacterium-acnes
4416:Cutibacterium acnes
4289:Nocardia asteroides
4184:Mycobacterium avium
4087:Lepromatous leprosy
4067:Tuberculoid leprosy
3808:Tropheryma whipplei
3609:10.2147/CCID.S35334
3463:2019NatSR...914658B
3027:10.2147/CCID.S33361
2949:. December 19, 2017
2436:10.1155/2013/804391
2212:2010PLoSO...512277L
2077:2017PLoSO..1274518C
1973:10.1038/nrmicro2182
1904:Cutibacterium acnes
1234:2004Sci...305..671B
876:Cutibacterium acnes
865:aminolevulinic acid
837:Cutibacterium acnes
656:Cutibacterium acnes
645:cerebrospinal fluid
637:Alzheimer's disease
593:Cutibacterium acnes
565:Cutibacterium acnes
550:Cutibacterium acnes
527:Cutibacterium acnes
407:Cutibacterium acnes
377:Cutibacterium acnes
259:intraocular surgery
218:Cutibacterium acnes
140:Cutibacterium acnes
88:Propionibacteriales
25:Cutibacterium acnes
4381:Bifidobacteriaceae
4322:Corynebacteriaceae
4297:Nocardia farcinica
4134:Aquarium granuloma
4077:Borderline leprosy
3964:Erythema induratum
3451:Scientific Reports
3306:10.1093/jac/dkp420
1285:10.1586/eri.11.137
762:such as rosemary,
552:has been found in
444:
4584:
4583:
4569:Open Tree of Life
4408:Taxon identifiers
4399:
4398:
4375:
4374:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4269:
3989:Tuberculous gumma
3872:Corynebacterineae
3866:
3865:
3815:Whipple's disease
3708:Propionibacterium
3690:Media related to
3412:10.1111/exd.13934
2987:978-0-19-280509-6
2476:(12): 1083–1094.
1610:10.1159/000087011
1420:(11): 1149–1155.
1045:10.1111/jdv.15043
1038:(Suppl 2): 5–14.
983:(11): 4422–4432.
942:on 17 August 2018
849:ultraviolet light
686:The emergence of
633:neuroinflammation
611:in patients with
333:phylogenetic tree
214:
213:
208:
200:
4614:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4563:
4554:
4553:
4541:
4540:
4528:
4527:
4515:
4514:
4502:
4501:
4489:
4488:
4476:
4475:
4463:
4462:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4403:
4402:
4311:Rhodococcus equi
4107:
4106:
3974:Prosector's wart
3886:
3885:
3881:Mycobacteriaceae
3877:
3876:
3779:Actinomycetaceae
3775:
3774:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3710:(Kenyon College)
3689:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3611:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3474:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3200:10.1002/ffj.2082
3183:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2975:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2776:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2539:. Archived from
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2272:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1819:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1551:BMC Microbiology
1542:
1536:
1535:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1468:(7): 2246–2250.
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1429:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1183:(4): e00740–14.
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
992:
974:
965:
952:
951:
949:
947:
928:
857:radiant exposure
832:Photosensitivity
758:bacteria. Some
726:benzoyl peroxide
722:over-the-counter
567:can be found in
535:cataract surgery
433:immune responses
393:sebaceous glands
367:Role in diseases
292:and part of the
206:
198:
175:subsp. elongatum
168:subsp. defendens
142:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4572:
4567:
4559:
4557:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4531:
4523:
4518:
4510:
4505:
4497:
4492:
4484:
4479:
4471:
4466:
4458:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4410:
4400:
4395:
4371:
4316:
4266:
4227:
4161:
4140:
4096:
4092:Histoid leprosy
4047:
3894:
3891:M. tuberculosis
3862:
3842:
3764:
3755:
3714:Type strain of
3682:
3677:
3676:
3639:
3635:
3588:
3584:
3545:
3541:
3502:
3498:
3439:
3435:
3396:
3392:
3377:10.1139/m93-134
3361:
3357:
3326:
3322:
3285:
3281:
3242:
3238:
3211:
3207:
3184:
3180:
3143:
3139:
3100:
3096:
3067:(12): 1275–80.
3057:
3053:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2913:
2909:
2869:
2865:
2818:
2814:
2756:
2752:
2713:
2709:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2643:
2639:
2594:
2590:
2559:
2555:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2466:
2462:
2415:
2411:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2314:
2310:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2192:
2188:
2165:
2161:
2116:
2112:
2071:(4): e0174518.
2057:
2053:
2002:
1998:
1961:Nat Rev Microbi
1953:
1949:
1894:
1887:
1864:
1857:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1733:"Acne vulgaris"
1729:
1725:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1637:
1633:
1594:
1590:
1543:
1539:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1389:. April 2, 2017
1381:
1380:
1376:
1331:
1327:
1312:
1308:
1279:(12): 1149–56.
1269:
1265:
1228:(5684): 671–3.
1218:
1214:
1169:
1165:
1134:(10): 2969–70.
1120:
1116:
1103:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1024:
1013:
1003:
1001:
972:
966:
955:
945:
943:
930:
929:
920:
915:
873:
834:
826:4000–8000 μg/mL
752:
684:
653:
607:infections and
590:
562:
554:herniated discs
547:
545:Disk herniation
531:endophthalmitis
524:
472:
446:
374:
369:
255:endophthalmitis
147:
144:
138:
125:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4565:
4555:
4542:
4529:
4516:
4503:
4490:
4477:
4464:
4451:
4436:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4284:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4242:
4240:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4222:M. haemophilum
4218:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4172:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4151:
4149:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4124:
4116:
4114:
4104:
4102:Nontuberculous
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4008:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3969:Lupus vulgaris
3966:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3913:Ghon's complex
3901:
3899:
3883:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3770:Actinomycineae
3766:
3765:
3762:Actinomycetota
3754:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3711:
3705:
3695:
3681:
3680:External links
3678:
3675:
3674:
3653:(5): 1059–65.
3633:
3582:
3539:
3496:
3433:
3406:(7): 786–794.
3390:
3355:
3320:
3279:
3236:
3205:
3178:
3137:
3094:
3051:
3000:
2986:
2960:
2934:
2907:
2863:
2812:
2750:
2723:(8): 1233–47.
2707:
2686:
2637:
2588:
2553:
2528:
2503:
2460:
2409:
2358:
2349:
2308:
2294:10.1086/588477
2287:(12): 1884–6.
2267:
2254:
2245:
2186:
2159:
2130:(4): 697–707.
2110:
2051:
2016:(5): 330–333.
1996:
1967:(8): 555–567.
1947:
1910:Microorganisms
1885:
1874:(3): 197–203.
1855:
1794:
1770:
1723:
1687:
1666:
1631:
1588:
1537:
1502:
1448:
1400:
1374:
1325:
1306:
1263:
1212:
1163:
1114:
1094:
1069:
1011:
953:
917:
916:
914:
911:
872:
871:Other habitats
869:
833:
830:
809:Salicylic acid
760:essential oils
751:
748:
738:salicylic acid
683:
680:
652:
649:
589:
586:
561:
558:
546:
543:
539:corneal ulcers
523:
520:
512:S. epidermidis
504:Staphylococcus
471:
466:Staphylococcus
463:
373:
370:
368:
365:
325:propionic acid
317:Bacillus acnes
273:for degrading
212:
211:
210:
209:
201:
199:Gilchrist 1900
195:Bacillus acnes
188:
187:
181:
180:
179:
178:
171:
164:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
134:
133:
127:
126:
119:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
68:Actinomycetota
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4619:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4200:MAI infection
4198:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Scrofuloderma
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Actinomycosis
3792:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3299:(2): 258–65.
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:(9): 1012–9.
3251:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3061:Planta Medica
3055:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2964:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2923:(6): 417–21.
2922:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2828:(3): 467–78.
2827:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2767:(2): 339–46.
2766:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:(3): 387–94.
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:(4): 651–63.
2568:
2564:
2557:
2543:on 2017-10-11
2542:
2538:
2532:
2518:on 2012-06-20
2517:
2513:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2328:(4): 387–94.
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:(8): e12277.
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2175:(2): 115–30.
2174:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1810:(3): 467–78.
1809:
1805:
1798:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:F1000Research
1701:
1694:
1692:
1676:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
982:
978:
971:
964:
962:
960:
958:
941:
937:
933:
927:
925:
923:
918:
910:
908:
904:
900:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
829:
827:
823:
820:
815:
810:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
785:The elements
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
747:
745:
743:
739:
735:
734:chloroxylenol
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
711:tetracyclines
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
585:
583:
582:acne vulgaris
578:
574:
570:
566:
557:
555:
551:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
519:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
470:
467:
462:
460:
456:
451:
440:
436:
434:
430:
425:
421:
420:acne vulgaris
417:
413:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:bacteria use
386:
382:
378:
372:Acne vulgaris
364:
362:
358:
357:
352:
351:
346:
342:
341:Cutibacterium
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
283:immune system
280:
276:
272:
269:can generate
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:condition of
244:
240:
237:
236:gram-positive
233:
230:
226:
225:
220:
219:
205:
202:
196:
192:
191:
189:
186:
182:
177:
176:
172:
170:
169:
165:
163:
162:
158:
157:
155:
150:
143:
141:
135:
132:
131:Binomial name
128:
124:
123:
122:C. acnes
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:Cutibacterium
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Actinomycetia
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4415:
4388:
4357:
4343:
4329:
4309:
4287:
4280:Nocardiaceae
4261:M. abscessus
4259:
4252:
4247:M. fortuitum
4245:
4220:
4214:Buruli ulcer
4206:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4154:
4126:
4119:
4052:
3951:
3922:
3918:Pott disease
3905:Tuberculosis
3889:
3855:
3835:
3821:
3806:
3786:
3719:
3715:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3555:(2): 200–1.
3552:
3548:
3542:
3512:(5): 973–8.
3509:
3505:
3499:
3457:(1): 14658.
3454:
3450:
3444:
3436:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3371:(9): 895–9.
3368:
3364:
3358:
3336:(1): 28–35.
3333:
3329:
3323:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3194:(1): 13–39.
3191:
3187:
3181:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3110:(4): 242–5.
3107:
3103:
3097:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3017:
3013:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2971:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2946:
2937:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2880:(5): 840–8.
2877:
2873:
2866:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2699:. Retrieved
2689:
2657:(1): 171–3.
2654:
2650:
2640:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:the original
2531:
2520:. Retrieved
2516:the original
2506:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2352:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2257:
2248:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1916:(11): 1752.
1913:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1871:
1867:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:
1773:
1743:(1): 15029.
1740:
1736:
1726:
1707:
1703:
1679:. Retrieved
1669:
1647:(5): 360–6.
1644:
1640:
1634:
1604:(3): 193–8.
1601:
1597:
1591:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1518:(5): 360–6.
1515:
1511:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1465:
1461:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1417:
1413:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1386:
1377:
1345:(1): 15–23.
1342:
1338:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:
1072:
1035:
1031:
1002:. Retrieved
980:
976:
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
935:
902:
896:
887:
875:
874:
860:
852:
836:
835:
821:
818:
805:
803:
798:
784:
779:
764:tea tree oil
755:
753:
746:
717:
715:
707:lincosamides
703:azithromycin
694:
690:
685:
675:
660:erythromycin
655:
654:
616:
609:endocarditis
592:
591:
576:
564:
563:
549:
548:
526:
525:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
493:
489:
483:
475:
473:
468:
465:
459:isotretinoin
449:
445:
423:
416:folliculitis
411:
406:
405:
400:
384:
376:
375:
360:
354:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
320:
316:
314:
287:
229:aerotolerant
223:
222:
217:
216:
215:
203:
194:
173:
166:
161:subsp. acnes
159:
139:
137:
121:
120:
108:
24:
18:
4494:iNaturalist
4440:Wikispecies
4303:Nocardiosis
4254:M. chelonae
4208:M. ulcerans
4156:M. gordonae
4121:M. kansasii
3225:(1): 74–9.
3157:(1): 86–8.
1598:Dermatology
1055:2434/620522
907:Frank Zappa
901:was dubbed
772:citrus oils
672:minocycline
668:doxycycline
664:clindamycin
625:sarcoidosis
573:sarcoidosis
560:Sarcoidosis
469:epidermidis
327:. In 2016,
298:fatty acids
251:blepharitis
152:Subspecies
4591:Categories
4351:Erythrasma
4337:Diphtheria
4128:M. marinum
4001:Tuberculid
3933:Rich focus
3928:Meningitis
3909:Ghon focus
3602:: 145–63.
2842:10454/3069
2791:10454/3311
2774:1510.02343
2701:2012-08-08
2547:2019-11-18
2522:2012-06-14
2429:: 804391.
1834:10454/3069
1788:2022-04-22
1681:2012-06-14
1322:: 409–430.
913:References
845:porphyrins
841:blacklight
750:Treatments
699:macrolides
647:cultures.
601:prostheses
533:following
482:, such as
294:skin flora
4054:M. leprae
3953:cutaneous
3428:108295123
3020:: 79–83.
2993:17 August
2953:17 August
2498:205850559
2030:1542-233X
1817:0706.4406
1757:2056-676X
1495:17 August
1441:17 August
1393:17 August
1087:17 August
1004:17 August
946:17 August
892:grapevine
884:grapevine
880:endophyte
814:mechanism
806:C. acnes.
768:clove oil
730:triclosan
716:However,
306:follicles
290:commensal
239:bacterium
232:anaerobic
116:Species:
4512:10032060
4431:Q2442109
4425:Wikidata
4177:M. avium
3896:M. bovis
3669:24554779
3628:24899818
3577:30935383
3569:18452529
3526:10809858
3491:31601845
3445:In vitro
3420:30972839
3350:13069766
3315:19942617
3274:12053077
3266:17133045
3231:18239420
3173:19153353
3089:37769650
3081:17893831
3046:22936850
2929:19181031
2894:12000382
2858:20838517
2850:12653738
2807:44614220
2799:11251569
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2737:21355786
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2490:29125405
2455:24308006
2404:28676754
2344:19260876
2303:18462110
2240:20808860
2200:PLOS ONE
2181:18326339
2154:23404353
2105:28369127
2065:PLOS ONE
2046:22829150
2038:27203796
1991:19609257
1942:33171837
1880:14620162
1850:20838517
1842:12653738
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1661:15556719
1626:21459334
1618:16205063
1583:20799957
1532:15556719
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1436:29544912
1369:16561149
1301:42012357
1293:22114965
1258:26252335
1250:15286373
1207:25125638
1158:11583007
1064:29894579
999:27488827
897:C. acnes
888:C. acnes
861:in vitro
853:C. acnes
799:C. acnes
780:C. acnes
756:C. acnes
718:C. acnes
695:C. acnes
691:C. acnes
676:C. acnes
629:sciatica
617:C. acnes
577:C. acnes
508:C. acnes
500:C. acnes
490:C. acnes
476:C. acnes
450:C. acnes
429:biofilms
424:C. acnes
412:C. acnes
401:C. acnes
385:C. acnes
361:C. acnes
337:P. acnes
329:P. acnes
279:proteins
185:Synonyms
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58:Bacteria
54:Domain:
4486:3225701
4455:BacDive
4179:complex
4063:Leprosy
4018:Miliary
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3534:9237317
3482:6787063
3459:Bibcode
3385:8242490
3132:5687026
3124:7576514
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2902:5725343
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2208:Bibcode
2169:Kekkaku
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2096:5378350
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1933:7695133
1574:3224659
1557:: 230.
1490:3916758
1230:Bibcode
1222:Science
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899:subtype
271:enzymes
104:Genus:
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4574:360356
4558:NZOR:
4525:965070
4499:356609
4473:971823
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903:Zappae
795:copper
793:, and
791:sulfur
787:silver
770:, and
670:, and
353:, and
263:genome
261:. Its
4507:IRMNG
4460:12636
3923:brain
3573:S2CID
3530:S2CID
3424:S2CID
3270:S2CID
3128:S2CID
3085:S2CID
2917:Cutis
2898:S2CID
2854:S2CID
2803:S2CID
2769:arXiv
2741:S2CID
2494:S2CID
2042:S2CID
1846:S2CID
1812:arXiv
1622:S2CID
1486:S2CID
1297:S2CID
1254:S2CID
1149:90767
973:(PDF)
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776:honey
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621:SAPHO
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389:sebum
381:pores
302:sebum
267:genes
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4546:NCBI
4533:LPSN
4520:ITIS
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3346:PMID
3311:PMID
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3169:PMID
3120:PMID
3077:PMID
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2995:2018
2982:ISBN
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2925:PMID
2890:PMID
2846:PMID
2795:PMID
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2677:PMID
2628:PMID
2579:PMID
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1657:PMID
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1478:PMID
1443:2018
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1395:2018
1365:PMID
1289:PMID
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1089:2018
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1060:PMID
1006:2018
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247:acne
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