357:
36:
56:
63:
421:. As the town grew, it developed a regular grid of streets and stone buildings on its eastern side but retained less regular and substantial structures in the west part. The settlement's original defences were earthworks and an outer ditch; in the 4th century AD, these were replaced by massive stone walls 4 m (13 ft) wide, a large western gateway, and 17 semi-octagonal, external wall-towers.
448:
In the 3rd century, the town was a prosperous settlement, and by the start of the 4th, it had become a centre of villas. It has also been suggested that the town was reorganised as a centre of taxation, administration, and military functions later in the 4th century AD, coinciding with the addition
424:
The masonry walls ran inside and parallel with the original defences on the east side but outside of them on the south and west sides. The stone towers were approximately every 36.7 m (120 ft) apart. Excavations of the west gate show it was flanked by two towers and possibly had a set of
347:
The entire town lay undiscovered until it was identified from aerial photos in the 1940s. Archaeological excavations have revealed that the town was a substantial urban area defended by large masonry walls. Artefacts recovered from the site include kitchenware, personal effects, and two hoards of
437:. Two theories have been suggested: first that the town was being converted into a Legionary fortress to re-establish Roman authority in this part of the province of Britannia. Second, that the improvement work was being orchestrated by an ambitious local
432:
Archaeological examinations of the site do not show why
Cunetio deserved so much expenditure on improving its defences, an act that was a rare occurrence for inland Britannia at the time, when most Roman military engineering projects were focused on the
371:
taken in 1940, and the site has been sporadically excavated since the 1950s alongside the continuation of aerial photography to further map the site. In the 1960s, a small coin hoard was found, followed in 1978 by the much larger
367:
The
Cunetio site has been known since the 19th century, when local antiquarians conducted sporadic excavations. The full scale and importance of the site, however, was identified from aerial photos of
445:. Interpretation therefore swings between the Roman Empire re-establishing its authority after various rebellions and uprisings, or Roman authority breaking down.
737:
520:
116:
1206:
1201:
1196:
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The
Cunetio and Normanby Hoards: Roger Bland, Edward Besly and Andrew Burnett, with notes to aid identification by Sam Moorhead
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Placenames in brackets are either present-day names or counties where the towns formerly existed.
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410 caused
Cunetio to rapidly decline in importance, until it was completely abandoned.
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Pohl, Walter; Gantner, Clemens; Grifoni, Cinzia; Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne (2018).
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441:– the type of man who would, within a generation or so, be setting himself up as
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322:, and was abandoned in the early 5th century. Its site is near the village of
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of over 55,000 coins. The site was dug and geophysically surveyed in 2009 by
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414:
1149:
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548:. London: Phoenix House. pp. 90–91 – via Internet Archive.
429:, because grooves were found in the remains of the towers' footings.
382:
377:
311:
268:
104:
71:
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472:
Corney, M. 1997. The
Origins and Development of the 'Small Town' of
1085:
1061:
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929:
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Transformations of
Romanness: Early Medieval Regions and Identities
368:
314:, England. The settlement was occupied from the 2nd century AD by
1163:
881:
941:
912:
783:
390:
588:
Hostetter, Eric; Howe, Thomas Noble; Allison, E. P. (1997).
810:
590:
The Romano-British Villa at Castle Copse, Great Bedwyn
613:
Bland, Roger; Besly, Edward; Burnett, Andrew (2019).
587:
413:(Bath), and the south-east to north road (43) from
612:
386:, which found many more coins and other objects.
1188:
745:
558:
340:miles (2.4 km) east of the market town of
731:
561:"Cunetio, Wiltshire: archaeology and history"
513:"43 - Winchester to Mildenhall to Wanborough"
393:that had been built near the crossing of two
491:"Time Team Series 17 | Episode 7 | Cunetio"
306:was a large walled town in a valley of the
738:
724:
449:of the defensive stone wall. However, the
16:Ancient walled town in Wiltshire, England
592:. Indiana University Press. p. 45.
355:
671:
541:
380:'s archaeological television programme
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651:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
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1207:Former populated places in Wiltshire
1178:List of Roman place names in Britain
13:
14:
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1202:Archaeological sites in Wiltshire
1197:Roman towns and cities in England
694:
674:Walking in the North Wessex Downs
523:from the original on 28 July 2021
360:A silver Roman coin found in the
443:a war-lord or regional chieftain
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34:
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672:Davison, Steve (1 June 2015).
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568:Royal Archaeological Institute
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545:Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1
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483:
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1:
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451:Roman withdrawal from Britain
747:Major towns of Roman Britain
617:. Spink Books. p. 173.
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676:. Cicerone Press Limited.
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559:Hinton, David A. (2017).
542:Margary, Ivan D. (1955).
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425:iron-gates similar to a
185:213 m (699 ft)
177:265 m (869 ft)
151:130 m (427 ft)
132:51.4236389°N 1.6905944°W
637:Corney, M. 1997. p. 349
389:The town grew around a
70:Location of Cunetio in
1081:Viroconium Cornoviorum
901:Durovernum Cantiacorum
703:at roman-britain.co.uk
364:
193:30 hectares (74 acres)
137:51.4236389; -1.6905944
359:
316:Romano-British people
252:Excavation dates
1033:Ratae Corieltauvorum
1009:Noviomagus Reginorum
865:Corinium Dobunnorum
214:Late 5th century AD
128: /
40:Cunetio within the
23:
797:Britannia Inferior
770:Britannia Superior
710:episode on Cunetio
517:saxonhistory.co.uk
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294:Public access
288:Scheduled monument
264:Wessex Archaeology
168:Britannia Superior
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1130:Calleva Atrebatum
949:Isurium Brigantum
841:
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683:978-1-78362-212-2
658:978-3-11-059756-1
624:978-1-912667-33-8
599:978-0-253-32802-1
435:Saxon Shore forts
320:post-Roman period
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279:no extant remains
159:Walled Settlement
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374:Cunetio Hoard
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362:Cunetio Hoard
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120:51°25′25.10″N
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91:Durocornovium
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925:Isca Augusta
877:Deva Victrix
853:Caesaromagus
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571:. Retrieved
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495:. Retrieved
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388:
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366:
346:
308:River Kennet
303:
302:
267:
255:1960 - 2000s
164:Part of
123:1°41′26.14″W
42:River Kennet
18:
870:Cirencester
826:Camulodunum
573:25 February
497:25 February
493:. Channel 4
411:Aquae Sulis
395:Roman roads
342:Marlborough
135: /
111:Coordinates
1191:Categories
1116:Bannaventa
1109:Wendlebury
1069:Verulamium
1050:Winchester
1014:Chichester
1002:Carmarthen
985:Luguvalium
961:Lactodurum
954:Aldborough
918:Gloucester
906:Canterbury
894:Dorchester
889:Durnovaria
858:Chelmsford
831:Colchester
427:portcullis
419:Wanborough
415:Winchester
369:crop marks
324:Mildenhall
318:until the
284:Management
244:Discovered
239:Site notes
87:Roman road
1150:Wiltshire
1136:Hampshire
1104:Alchester
1074:St Albans
1038:Leicester
997:Moridunum
966:Towcester
846:Surviving
779:Londinium
712:– YouTube
708:Time Team
478:Britannia
405:53) from
383:Time Team
378:Channel 4
312:Wiltshire
276:Condition
269:Time Team
211:Abandoned
105:Britannia
72:Wiltshire
1086:Wroxeter
1062:Caerwent
1021:Petuaria
990:Carlisle
930:Caerleon
806:Eboracum
761:Capitals
521:Archived
326:, about
229:Cultures
148:Altitude
89:between
82:Location
1164:Norfolk
1144:Cunetio
1097:Extinct
978:Lincoln
882:Chester
701:Cunetio
527:28 July
474:Cunetio
403:Margary
352:History
335:⁄
304:Cunetio
219:Periods
203:Founded
198:History
28:Cunetio
22:Cunetio
1026:Brough
942:Exeter
913:Glevum
784:London
680:
655:
621:
596:
397:: the
391:mansio
174:Length
101:Region
44:valley
564:(PDF)
460:Notes
407:Speen
247:1940s
182:Width
811:York
678:ISBN
653:ISBN
619:ISBN
594:ISBN
575:2020
529:2021
499:2020
190:Area
156:Type
93:and
417:to
1193::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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