260:
414:
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40:
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209:) acquired from Langen exclusive rights for producing the cubes in Britain (on 13 March 1875) and started the first large-scale manufacturing of cubes. Tate placed a very large bet on the innovation, temporarily running through personal financial difficulties to the extent that he had to pull his daughter from the boarding school she attended. The contract with Langen involved
117:
When making the cubes, the granulated sugar is slightly (2–3%) moistened, placed into a mold and heated so that the moisture can escape. The firmness, density, and speed of dissolution of the cube are controlled via the crystal size of the granulated sugar, amount of water/steam added, molding
82:
The typical size for each cube is between 16 by 16 by 11 millimetres (0.6 by 0.6 by 0.4 inches) and 20 by 20 by 12 millimetres (0.8 in × 0.8 in × 0.5 in), corresponding to the weight of approximately 3–5
274:
The cubes were and are mostly used to sweeten tea and coffee (the original Rad's pieces were even sold as "tea-sugar"). However, the popularity of artificial sweeteners, together with the trend of switching from
1042:
Kaysers, Harry; Schweck, Hubert; Delavier, Hans-Joachim (1998). "Special crystal sugar products. Cube sugar, nib sugar and loaf sugar". In van der Poel, Pieter; Schieweck, Hubert M.; Schwartz, Thomas K. (eds.).
216:
In 1880 Tate acquired rights to another process, invented in
Belgium by Gustav Adant, where sugar "tablets" were manufactured on rotating machines and then sliced into cubes (at the time, they were called
58:. It is usually used by individuals to sweeten drinks. There are two main ways of using the sugar cubes: directly dissolving the cubes in the drink or placing the cube into the mouth while drinking.
167:, the inventor of the first sugar cube, started his effort after his wife hurt herself while chopping the sugarloaf). The resulting pieces were irregular in size; if the piece was too large, either
128:
The cubes are made on the highly automated lines capable of processing up to 50 tons of sugar per day. Typically, one of the three common processes is used to produce the more popular soft cubes:
105:
In 1923 German wholesaler Karl
Hellmann started packaging pair of cubes into individual wrappings with advertisements or collectible pictures on the sleeves. Originally very popular in
171:
had to be used, or the piece had to be dunked into the tea cup like a donut, and after sufficient dissolution taken out to dry for the next use (the latter option was described by
938:
Hildebrand-Schat, Viola (13 October 2022). "Sugar Cubes That
Revolutionized Art: Malevich's Artistic Project as Interpreted by Leonid Tishkov in Kubvechnosti (2012)".
221:"). The new process had replaced the Langen one in 1891 and was a huge success; standard quotes for refined sugar in London started to be expressed in Tate's cubes.
887:
118:
pressure, and speed of drying. The dissolution speed is important, as the consumers that place the sugar into their mouths prefer denser, slower-dissolving sugar.
784:
398:
851:
Labrecque, Lauren I.; Warr, Garret M.; Labrecque, Joseph (2016). "Absinthe: An
Exploration of the Role of Mythology and Ritual in Market Revival".
374:
Multiple art galleries display the works of an Irish sculptor
Brendan Jamison, specializing on the architecture-themed pieces made of sugar cubes.
313:
on top of the glass. A sugar cube is placed onto the spoon and a slow drip of water dissolves the sugar into the drink, creating the desired milky
855:. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 325–328.
1000:
229:
413:
352:
in 1922, it comes back "every five years" with a variety of ambiguous meanings, from strictly regimented design (cf. works of
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959:
921:
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259:
320:
sugar cubes can be infused with a drug, making a calibrated oral delivery simple. This was used both for administering the
792:
392:
1052:
380:
182:
Rad had made the first sugar cubes in the early 1840s by pressing moist sugar into a tray resembling the modern
186:
and letting the cubes dry. Despite Rad obtaining a patent in 1843, his business was ultimately unsuccessful.
109:, they were quickly replaced in the beginning of the 21st century by granulated sugar in packets and sticks.
739:
33:
744:
232:", 1879); some of these units, modified in 1929 to produce fancy shaped pieces, are still in use today.
17:
283:-like drinks, has turned sugar cubes into a niche product primarily used in bars or served at formal
139:
Chambon process was invented in France in 1949 and uses a rotating molding unit and a vertical dryer;
331:
a great variety of colored and sculpted sugar cubes (shaped as flowers and animals) is marketed in
295:
236:
263:
Doses of oral polio vaccine being added to sugar cubes for use in a 1967 vaccination campaign in
163:
were hard to break into manageable pieces, dangerous tools were used in the process (apparently,
179:": "Stepanich drank his glass, turned it upside down and set the leftover bit of sugar on it").
99:
1011:(in Polish) (28). Uniwersytet Jagiellonski – Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego: 60–71.
970:
682:
213:, but the factory was successful, producing 214 tons of cubes in 1878 and 1,366 tons in 1888.
911:
754:
176:
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136:
to fill the molds and to get the formed cubes out. Heat radiation oven is used for drying;
8:
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977:. Routledge Companion Encyclopedias. Taylor & Francis. pp. 458–461.
878:
825:
321:
284:
183:
853:
Celebrating
America's Pastimes: Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and Marketing?
843:
420:
268:
190:
121:
The input material usually requires a wide distribution of sizes (from 500
132:
Vibro process of
Swedish Sugar Corporation (from the late 1950s) utilizes
371:, the place where the first sugar cube factory was established by Rad.
317:
effect (a more bohemian version involves putting the soaked cube aflame);
172:
51:
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The first process to mold cubes without any cutting was invented in
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to produce blocks of sugar that were subsequently cut into cubes.
106:
240:
122:
913:
The New
Paradigm in Architecture: The Language of Post-modernism
91:-shaped pieces are produced under the name "bridge cube sugar".
87:. However, the cube sizes and shapes vary greatly, for example,
360:" (cf. Italian hill towns) to whitewashed plain facades of the
244:
225:
598:
332:
84:
264:
55:
1047:. Berlin: Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG. pp. 962–964.
367:
A monument with sugar cube on top stands in Czech town of
800:
Strang, J.; Arnold, W. N; Peters, T. (18 December 1999).
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Adant's process is also still used, for example, at the
1003:[Santorini and the modern architecture affair]
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The next breakthrough came almost 30 years later, when
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The Making of a Sugar Giant: Tate and Lyle, 1859–1989
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532:
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239:(since 1902) to make extremely hard cubes popular in
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328:(leaving the "cube" as a slang term for the latter);
971:"The avant-garde in twentieth-century architecture"
471:
435:
799:
604:
529:
1045:Sugar Technology. Beet and Sugar Cane Manufacture
1063:
937:
975:Companion to Contemporary Architectural Thought
348:is popular in architecture. First proposed by
711:Grigorieva, Alexandra (2015). "sugar cubes".
1001:"Santoryn a sprawa architektury nowoczesnej"
885:
553:
94:The typical retail packaging weight is 0.5
998:
710:
664:
628:
523:
1016:
886:Drahoňovská, Lucie Pantazopoulou (2018).
833:
782:
465:
78:Individually wrapped sugar cubes (France)
968:
713:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
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258:
150:
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70:Two-piece sugar cube packaging (Germany)
65:
38:
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14:
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298:recipe with a sugar cube infused with
783:Kirschner, Sebastian (2 March 2016).
680:
484:
448:
290:The specialty uses of cubes include:
61:
721:10.1093/acref/9780199313396.001.0001
617:Labrecque, Warr & Labrecque 2016
738:Kennedy, Pagan (16 November 2012).
324:and for distribution of drugs like
142:Elba process is similar to Chambon.
24:
25:
1088:
605:Strang, Arnold & Peters 1999
412:
391:
379:
155:Sugarloaf cutting box with tools
125:and up) for the cube stability.
112:
29:Sugar packed into a cuboid shape
1018:10.4467/25438700sm.19.031.11368
802:"Absinthe: what's your poison?"
761:. Harwood Academic Publishers.
755:"Thames Refinery and the Cubes"
305:paraphernalia for serving the
13:
1:
428:
386:Sugar cube monument in Dačice
999:Twardowski, Mariusz (2019).
861:10.1007/978-3-319-26647-3_67
102:) or 1 kilogram / 2 pounds.
54:granules pressed into small
34:Sugar cubes (disambiguation)
7:
791:(in German). Archived from
789:Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin
745:The New York Times Magazine
740:"Who Made That Sugar Cube?"
715:. Oxford University Press.
689:. Wiley. pp. 454–455.
10:
1093:
785:"Die Würfel sind gefallen"
674:
146:
43:Macro photo of sugar cubes
31:
969:Harbison, Robert (2003).
952:10.1163/9789004513686_009
916:. Yale University Press.
818:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1590
237:Raffinerie Tirlemontoise
1009:Środowisko Mieszkaniowe
339:
228:by Charles H. Hersey ("
940:The Mediality of Sugar
888:"From Round to Square"
296:Old Fashioned cocktail
271:
254:
156:
79:
71:
44:
399:House of van Doesburg
309:includes the slotted
262:
177:Where Love Is, God Is
154:
77:
69:
42:
946:. pp. 173–195.
753:Chalmin, P. (1990).
195:Pfeifer & Langen
32:For other uses, see
910:Jencks, C. (2002).
812:(7225): 1590–1592.
687:Beet-Sugar Handbook
681:Asadi, M. (2006).
272:
157:
89:playing card suits
80:
72:
62:Size and packaging
45:
984:978-1-134-98381-0
961:978-90-04-51368-6
923:978-0-300-09513-5
870:978-3-319-26646-6
768:978-3-7186-0434-0
730:978-0-19-931339-6
696:978-0-471-79098-3
354:Theo van Doesburg
300:Angostura bitters
165:Jakub Kryštof Rad
16:(Redirected from
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358:unity in variety
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795:on 5 July 2018.
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489:
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470:
466:Kirschner 2016
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311:absinthe spoon
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294:the classical
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184:ice cube trays
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641:Harbison 2003
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344:A sugar-cube
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322:polio vaccine
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988:. Retrieved
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927:. Retrieved
912:
899:. Retrieved
891:
852:
809:
805:
793:the original
788:
772:. Retrieved
758:
743:
712:
700:. Retrieved
686:
683:"Cube Sugar"
660:
648:
636:
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593:Chalmin 1990
578:Chalmin 1990
573:
566:Chalmin 1990
561:
539:Kennedy 2012
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269:West Germany
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191:Eugen Langen
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26:
1077:Tea culture
653:Jencks 2002
402: [
230:Hersey drum
173:Lev Tolstoy
52:white sugar
48:Sugar cubes
1066:Categories
485:Asadi 2006
449:Asadi 2006
429:References
423:(Cyclades)
421:Kea island
419:Houses on
203:Henry Tate
199:centrifuge
169:sugar nips
161:sugarloafs
18:Cube sugar
1035:213734448
1027:1731-2442
990:2 October
929:2 October
901:2 October
879:2363-6165
826:0959-8138
774:1 October
702:1 October
281:capuccino
211:royalties
197:, used a
134:vibration
844:10600949
362:Cyclades
346:metaphor
307:absinthe
287:events.
219:dominoes
175:in his "
159:Because
96:kilogram
835:1127080
675:Sources
241:Belgium
147:History
123:microns
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892:Fehler
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369:Dačice
356:) to "
315:louche
247:, and
245:France
226:Boston
1072:Sugar
1031:S2CID
1005:(PDF)
406:]
333:Japan
193:, of
107:cafés
100:pound
85:grams
56:cubes
1049:ISBN
1023:ISSN
992:2023
979:ISBN
956:ISBN
931:2023
918:ISBN
903:2023
875:ISSN
865:ISBN
840:PMID
822:ISSN
776:2023
763:ISBN
725:ISBN
704:2023
691:ISBN
340:Arts
265:Bonn
50:are
1013:doi
948:doi
857:doi
830:PMC
814:doi
810:319
806:BMJ
717:doi
326:LSD
279:to
255:Use
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