666:
609:
1124:
1140:
199:
1082:
1014:
651:
1054:
49:
1066:
1034:
1105:
2043:
1250:, each place having a single thorn. But if diligent search were made, the number might be increased fourfold. It is most evident that there must here be falsehood and imposition. How will the truth be ascertained? It ought, moreover, to be observed, that in the ancient Church it was never known what had become of that crown. Hence it is easy to conclude, that the first twig of that now shown grew many years after our Saviour's death.
269:
389:," although there is uncertainty about the actual site to which the authors refer. From these fragments of evidence and others of later date (the "Pilgrimage" of the monk Bernard shows that the relic was still at Mount Zion in 870), it is shown that a purported crown of thorns was venerated at Jerusalem in the first centuries of the common era.
591:. This reaches the height of fifteen or twenty feet and is found growing in abundance by the wayside around Jerusalem. The crooked branches of this shrub are armed with thorns growing in pairs, a straight spine and a curved one commonly occurring together at each point. The relic preserved in the Capella della Spina at
361:) speaks of the crown of thorns among other relics which were "the glory" of the city of Jerusalem. "There", he says, "we may behold the thorny crown, which was only set upon the head of Our Redeemer in order that all the thorns of the world might be gathered together and broken" (Migne, LXX, 621). When
578:
Authorities are agreed that a sort of helmet of thorns must have been plaited by the Roman soldiers, this band of rushes being employed to hold the thorns together. It seems likely according to M. De Mély, that already at the time when the circlet was brought to Paris the sixty or seventy thorns,
619:
Not all of the reputed holy thorns are considered to be "first-class" relics (relics held to be of the original crown). In Roman
Catholic tradition, a relic of the first class is a part of the body of a saint or, in this case, any of the objects used in the Crucifixion that carried the blood of
641:
of the third class—objects touched to a relic of the first class, in this case some part of the crown itself. Again, even in comparatively modern times, it is not always easy to trace the history of these objects of devotion, as first-class relics were often divided and any number of authentic
1173:
In regard to the Crown of thorns, it would seem that its twigs had been planted that they might grow again. Otherwise I know not how it could have attained to such a size. First, a third part of it is at Paris, in the Holy Chapel, and then at Rome there are three thorns in
583:. None of these now remain at Paris. Some small fragments of rush are also preserved at Arras and at Lyons. With regard to the origin and character of the thorns, both tradition and existing remains suggest that they must have come from the bush botanically known as
397:
Some time afterwards, the crown was purportedly moved to
Constantinople, the then capital of the Roman empire. Historian François de Mély supposed that the whole crown was transferred from Jerusalem to Constantinople not much earlier than 1063. In any case, Emperor
521:, a plant native to Africa and Southern and Western Asia, and had allegedly been removed from the crown and kept in separate reliquaries since soon after they arrived in France. New reliquaries were provided for the relic, one commissioned by
620:
Christ; a relic of the second class is anything known to have been touched or used by a saint; a relic of the third class is a devotional object touched to a first-class relic and, usually, formally blessed as a sacramental.
769:
by Louis IX in the 13th century, from which individual thorns have been given by the French monarchs to other
European royals; it is displayed the first Friday of each month and all Fridays in Lent (including Good
426:. Eight of these are said to have been there at the consecration of the basilica of Aachen; the subsequent history of several of them can be traced without difficulty: four were given to Saint-Corneille of
371:
avers that the thorns in the crown still looked green, a freshness which was miraculously renewed each day, he does not much strengthen the historical authenticity of a relic he had not seen, but the
330:
The three
Biblical gospels that mention the crown of thorns do not say what happened to it after the crucifixion. The oldest known mention of the crown already being venerated as a relic was made by
501:
The exact plant species used to make the crown is not confirmed. The relic that the church received was examined in the nineteenth century, and it appeared to be a twisted circlet of
279:
1081:
1500:[After leaving the Holy Sepulchre, the church of reference for Christianity, the president has photographed Carod-Rovira with a crown of thorns from a tourist shop.]
1498:
Al salir del Santo
Sepulcro, la iglesia de referencia del cristianismo, el 'president' ha fotografiado a Carod-Rovira con una corona de espinas de una tienda para turistas.
1013:
1169:. He described numerous parts of the crown of thorns known to him, located in different cities. Based on a large number of parts of the crown of thorns, Calvin wrote:
1123:
843:
1033:
1745:
1139:
579:
which seem to have been afterwards distributed by St. Louis and his successors, had been separated from the band of rushes and were kept in a different
624:
1460:
1104:
294:
2056:
1974:
1512:
552:. The relic can be seen only on the first Friday of every month, when it is exhibited for a special veneration Mass, as well as each Friday of
2075:
1906:
671:
599:, which though their early history is doubtful and obscure, are among the largest in size, afford a good illustration of this peculiarity.
1923:
Everglades
Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Historic Everglades, including Big Cypress, Corkscrew, and Fakahatchee Swamps
1300:
665:
950:
reported that some archaeologists had professed to discover a figure of the crown of thorns in the circle which sometimes surrounds the
1231:
42:
1065:
940:
The appearance of the crown of thorns in art, notably upon the head of Christ in representations of the
Crucifixion or the subject
719:
921:
112:
2100:
1973:
1931:
965:
The image of the crown of thorns is often used symbolically to contrast with earthly monarchical crowns. In the symbolism of
1879:
1091:
17:
969:, the executed English King Charles I is depicted putting aside his earthly crown to take up the crown of thorns, as in
2029:
2010:
1316:
966:
474:
as security for a great loan of 13,134 gold pieces, yet it was redeemed and conveyed to Paris where Louis IX built the
2135:
1956:
1526:
1443:
637:("one of the spines which were attached to the thorny crown of our Redeemer") indicates that many of the thorns were
312:
1610:
81:
1207:
31:
1053:
382:
2105:
1294:
1110:
970:
854:
623:
M. de Mély was able to enumerate more than 700 holy thorns relics. The statement in one medieval obituary that
1550:
1235:
608:
2095:
1260:
557:
455:
290:
233:
2115:
1569:
The
Epitome of S. Eucherius About Certain Holy Places: And the Breviary or Short Description of Jerusalem
198:
87:
2125:
2110:
1175:
821:
1721:
1691:
1623:
994:, which can number more than a hundred and vary from flower to flower, represent the crown of thorns.
895:
United
Kingdom: British Museum: Holy Thorn Reliquary (see above), Salting Reliquary, each with a thorn
650:
1365:
958:, but the compilers considered that it seemed to be quite as probable that this was only meant for a
688:
214:
102:
707:, who is documented as receiving more than one thorn from Charles V and VI, his brother and nephew.
483:
411:
2090:
1587:
1481:
752:
588:
564:
245:
1850:
1376:
534:
2130:
2120:
1391:
1387:
1311:
207:
189:
145:
1976:
An
Admonition showing, the Advantages which Christendom might derive from an Inventory of Relics
1518:
1403:
1326:
1203:
1146:
999:
517:
1921:
1482:"Carod-Rovira consigue que retiren la bandera española en un acto de la Generalitat en Israel"
2061:
1884:
1777:
756:
438:
in 927, on the occasion of certain marriage negotiations, and it eventually found its way to
373:
181:
94:
1195:
1114:
800:
715:
696:
133:
1771:
725:
The "Gazetteer of Relics and Miraculous Images" lists the following, following Cruz 1984:
8:
1567:
1341:
1044:
1024:
762:
748:
628:
545:
530:
495:
442:; another was presented to a Spanish princess about 1160; and again another was taken to
334:, writing after 409, who refers to the crown as a relic that was adored by the faithful (
286:
241:
385:(6th century) clearly state that the crown of thorns was then shown in the "Basilica of
1746:""Computer glitch" may be behind Notre Dame Cathedral fire, rector says - live updates"
1165:
910:
903:
781:
711:
704:
684:
537:. In 2001, when the surviving treasures from the Sainte-Chapelle were exhibited at the
522:
467:
339:
237:
210:
1661:
P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker (eds.).
703:, for example, containing a single thorn, was made in the 1390s for the French prince
691:
what was venerated as Jesus' Crown of Thorns. It is kept in Paris to this day, in the
2025:
2006:
1952:
1927:
1522:
1439:
1346:
1277:
1179:
810:
710:
Two "holy thorns" were venerated, one at St. Michael's church in Ghent, the other at
542:
487:
479:
466:, anxious to obtain support for his tottering empire, offered the crown of thorns to
345:
153:
515:, and Scandinavia. The thorns preserved in various other reliquaries appeared to be
2052:
1766:
1199:
892:, Iglesia de la Anunciación (Hermandad del Valle): A thorn from the crown of thorns
695:. Individual thorns were given by the French monarch to other European royals: the
615:
16th-century silver medal of Jesus Christ with a crown of thorns by Valentin Maler.
439:
431:
403:
362:
331:
141:
129:
1461:"Notre-Dame: la couronne d'épines à nouveau présentée à la vénération des fidèles"
977:. This contrast appears elsewhere in art, for example in Frank Dicksee's painting
946:, arises after the time of St. Louis and the building of the Sainte-Chapelle. The
1407:
1306:
1243:
1072:
899:
774:
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407:
192:
48:
38:
1855:
1662:
1321:
1282:
1223:
1087:
1040:
974:
832:
700:
658:
463:
177:
169:
161:
75:
1795:
255:
Reproductions of the crown are available to tourists from shops in Jerusalem.
2084:
2047:
1331:
959:
861:
692:
512:
459:
443:
230:
84:
67:
1660:
1159:
A critique of the adoration of the crown of thorns was set forth in 1543 by
931:, St. Prophet Elijah Monastery: A fragment of a thorn of the crown of thorns
1336:
1266:
795:: A thorn from the crown of thorns, given by Louis IX to the Dominicans of
526:
137:
991:
427:
1272:
1160:
1095:
955:
419:
399:
351:
1191:
1982:
1287:
986:
914:
434:; Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, sent one to the Anglo-Saxon King
386:
226:
157:
1770:
1183:
1154:
995:
942:
882:
806:
766:
634:"unam de spinis quae fuit apposita coronae spinae nostri Redemptoris"
612:
580:
502:
478:, completed in 1248, to receive it. The relic stayed there until the
435:
99:
777:: A portion of the crown of thorns, brought to the site by Louis IX.
2046: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1589:
Of the Holy Places Visited by Antoninus Martyr (Circ. 560–570 A.D.)
1514:
Relics from the Crucifixion: Where They Went and How They Got There
1239:
1215:
1211:
1020:
730:
53:
37:"Crowning with Thorns" redirects here. For the namesake plant, see
1219:
878:, Cathedral: Five thorns (formerly eight) from the crown of thorns
796:
52:
Christ carrying the cross with the crown of thorns, as painted by
1413:
1187:
1130:
951:
889:
792:
788:
541:, the chaplet was solemnly presented every Friday at Notre-Dame.
173:
165:
149:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1227:
875:
868:
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744:
538:
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423:
249:
185:
1247:
928:
751:: A thorn of the crown of thorns, in the cross at the top of
737:
638:
596:
563:
Members of the Paris Fire Brigade saved the relic during the
222:
203:
125:
79:
1824:
1624:"France: Kissing the original Crown of Thorns worn by Jesus"
1611:
History and Authenticity of the Relic of the Crown of Thorns
511:, a plant native to maritime areas of northern Britain, the
839:
828:
817:
592:
553:
140:, employed by Jesus' captors both to cause him pain and to
119:
1438:. Vol. 1. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 955.
1434:
Davisson, Darrell D (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.).
1562:
1560:
740:, St. Michael's Church: A thorn from the crown of thorns.
1129:
Bronze bust of Jesus with in the Monumental cemetery of
871:, Museum of St. Roque, SCML, Reliquary of the Holy Thorn
1812:
244:
in Paris until 15 April 2019, when it was rescued from
1557:
1202:, in Spain, are several, but how many I know not; at
225:
believed by many to be the crown of thorns has been
984:Catholic missionaries likened several parts of the
110:
1155:Criticism of the veneration of the crown of thorns
1572:. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society. 1896.
2082:
864:, Cathedral: Two Thorns from the crown of thorns
482:, when, after finding a home for a while in the
176::2, 19:5), and is often alluded to by the early
1919:
1761:
1759:
990:plant to elements of the Passion: the flower's
846:: A branch with thorns from the crown of thorns
733:: a portion of the crown of thorns (since 1561)
188:and others, along with being referenced in the
1722:"France: Kissing the original Crown of Thorns"
1654:
1402:
924:, Pittsburgh: A thorn from the crown of thorns
422:several thorns which were deposited by him at
377:(a short text dated to about 530 AD), and the
1951:. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 105.
1647:
1645:
1643:
1585:
885:, Cathedral: A thorn from the crown of thorns
1756:
1581:
1579:
1198:, three, and as many at Koenigsberg. At the
1182:. At Sienna, I know not how many thorns, at
1851:"In de ban van de Heilige Doorn (Wevelgem)"
1301:Christ Crowned with Thorns (disambiguation)
632:
366:
343:
2036:(Fiction referencing the crown of thorns.)
1913:
1640:
1592:. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society
1586:Stewart, Aubrey; Wilson, CW, eds. (1896).
1246:, and also in the church of St. Martin at
1039:A second reliquary from 1862, designed by
813:: a thorn brought to the church in 1650/51
799:, and a second thorn from the treasure of
2019:
1576:
809:: Church of the former Benedictine Abbey
313:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Since at least around the year 400 AD, a
2051:
1848:
1796:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crown of Thorns"
1765:
1458:
1433:
1297: – Sculpture by Gianlorenzo Bernini
1019:Reliquary made in 1806, commissioned by
835:: A small portion of the crown of thorns
720:Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland
714:, both professing to be thorns given by
664:
649:
607:
548:it personally to Sainte-Chapelle during
206:of the Crown of Thorns, received by the
197:
47:
1946:
1880:"Glaube: Der Dorn und die Bruderschaft"
1474:
1459:Clicquot, Athénaïs (9 September 2019).
1002:as they represent the crown of thorns.
765:: The crown of thorns brought from the
14:
2083:
2022:Serpent in the Thorns; A Medieval Noir
2000:
1971:
1818:
1409:The Gospel According to Peter: A Study
824:: Two thorns from the crown of thorns.
1877:
1790:
1788:
645:
603:
1684:
1554:: Scriptores Merovingenses", I, 492.
1510:
1075:, built to house the Passion Relics.
661:, 1513, portrays the crown of thorns
280:research paper or scientific journal
262:
917:: A thorn from the crown of thorns.
857:: A fragment of the crown of thorns
402:is stated to have given a thorn to
24:
1920:Roger L. Hammer (6 January 2015).
1785:
1613:(2019). Mystogogy Resource Center.
1488:(in European Spanish). 21 May 2005
1317:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
906:: A thorn from the crown of thorns
784:: A thorn from the crown of thorns
470:. It was then in the hands of the
25:
2147:
2069:
1878:Deger, Manfred (24 August 2011).
392:
236:yielded the relic to French King
2041:
2005:. London: British Museum Press.
1947:Mullett, Michael (19 May 2011).
1926:. Falcon Guides. pp. 206–.
1138:
1122:
1103:
1080:
1064:
1052:
1032:
1012:
1005:
496:Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris
267:
32:Crown of Thorns (disambiguation)
1987:, translated by Henry Beveridge
1965:
1940:
1900:
1871:
1849:Vandaele, Luc (20 March 2006).
1842:
1738:
1714:
1616:
1604:
1436:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia
1542:
1504:
1452:
1427:
1396:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1295:Angel with the Crown of Thorns
935:
642:third-class relics may exist.
494:, and it was deposited in the
410:, which was long preserved at
13:
1:
1994:
1551:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
1117:taking up the crown of thorns
1090:and bust of crown of thorns (
1059:Detail of the 1862 reliquary.
729:Belgium: Parochial Church of
533:, was made to the designs of
446:in Germany in the year 1200.
355:
258:
57:
2101:Relics associated with Jesus
2024:. New York: Minotaur Books.
1839:(London, 1881), pp. 126-131.
1702:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1671:BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020
1261:Relics associated with Jesus
689:Baldwin II of Constantinople
558:Feast of the Crown of Thorns
325:
234:Baldwin II of Constantinople
124:) was placed on the head of
120:
100:
7:
1254:
1178:, and some portion also in
10:
2152:
1700:Plants of the World Online
1092:Santa Monica Parish Church
954:emblem on early Christian
822:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
138:instruments of the Passion
111:
80:
36:
29:
1511:Wall, J. Charles (2016).
655:Christ Carrying the Cross
449:
148:. It is mentioned in the
2136:Collection of the Louvre
2020:Westerson, Jeri (2009).
2003:The Holy Thorn reliquary
1352:
753:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
672:The Crowning with Thorns
565:Notre-Dame de Paris fire
295:overly technical phrases
287:help improve the section
43:The Crowning with Thorns
1772:"Crown of Thorns"
1312:Jesus, King of the Jews
967:King Charles the Martyr
1519:Sophia Institute Press
1327:Paliurus spina-christi
1303:– Several works of art
1252:
1242:, in the monastery of
1200:church of St. Salvator
1147:Johann Baptist Walpoth
855:Santa Maria Incoronata
844:Chiesa di Santa Chiara
676:
662:
633:
616:
601:
587:, more popularly, the
585:Ziziphus spina-christi
525:, another, in jeweled
518:Ziziphus spina-christi
484:Bibliothèque Nationale
418:, in 798 or 802, sent
412:Saint-Germain-des-Prés
367:
344:
218:
63:
41:. For other uses, see
2106:Christian terminology
2062:Catholic Encyclopedia
2001:Cherry, John (2010).
1972:Calvin, John (1844).
1885:Augsburger Allgemeine
1837:Life of Father Gerard
1778:Catholic Encyclopedia
1171:
948:Catholic Encyclopedia
757:Bohemian Crown Jewels
668:
653:
611:
595:, as well as that at
576:
572:Catholic Encyclopedia
535:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
383:Antoninus of Piacenza
374:Breviary of Jerusalem
240:. It was kept in the
201:
182:Clement of Alexandria
51:
1045:Notre-Dame Cathedral
1025:Notre-Dame Cathedral
922:St. Anthony's Chapel
801:St. Kolumba, Cologne
716:Mary, Queen of Scots
697:Holy Thorn Reliquary
242:Notre-Dame Cathedral
136:. It was one of the
121:akanthinos stephanos
30:For other uses, see
18:Crowning with Thorns
2096:Sorrowful Mysteries
2076:Notre Dame De Paris
1342:Sorrowful Mysteries
763:Notre-Dame de Paris
749:St. Vitus Cathedral
629:cathedral of Angers
567:of April 15, 2019.
490:restored it to the
289:by rewriting it in
2116:Louis IX of France
1208:church of St. Jago
1196:church of St. John
1166:Treatise on Relics
1145:Bust of Christ by
1111:William Marshall's
911:Stonyhurst College
782:Cathedral of Trier
712:Stonyhurst College
705:Jean, duc de Berry
685:Louis IX of France
677:
663:
646:Purported remnants
617:
604:Third-class relics
529:and more suitably
523:Napoleon Bonaparte
468:Louis IX of France
291:encyclopedic style
278:is written like a
219:
215:Emperor Baldwin II
146:claim of authority
132:leading up to his
64:
2126:Gospel of Matthew
2111:Individual crowns
2053:Thurston, Herbert
1933:978-1-4930-1459-0
1767:Thurston, Herbert
1347:Thorncrown Chapel
1278:Lance of Longinus
1214:, three; also at
811:Kloster Elchingen
543:Pope John Paul II
488:Concordat of 1801
480:French Revolution
368:De gloria martyri
346:Patrologia Latina
323:
322:
315:
248:and moved to the
97:
66:According to the
16:(Redirected from
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1752:. 19 April 2019.
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992:radial filaments
971:William Marshall
909:United Kingdom:
898:United Kingdom:
743:Czech Republic:
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440:Malmesbury Abbey
432:Charles the Bald
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363:Gregory of Tours
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332:Paulinus of Nola
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1023:, preserved at
1017:
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920:United States:
900:Stanbrook Abbey
775:Sainte-Chapelle
681:Seventh Crusade
648:
625:Peter de Aveiro
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508:Juncus balticus
492:Catholic Church
476:Sainte-Chapelle
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408:Bishop of Paris
395:
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328:
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229:. In 1238, the
193:Gospel of Peter
72:crown of thorns
60:
46:
39:Crown-of-thorns
35:
28:
27:Christian relic
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2149:
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2131:Gospel of John
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2123:
2121:Gospel of Mark
2118:
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2070:External links
2068:
2065:. Vol. 4.
2038:
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2031:978-0312649449
2030:
2017:
2012:978-0714128207
2011:
1996:
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1989:
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1932:
1912:
1908:The Two Crowns
1899:
1870:
1856:Het Nieuwsblad
1841:
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1781:. Vol. 4.
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979:The Two Crowns
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659:Andrea Solario
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669:Caravaggio -
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293:and simplify
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276:This section
274:
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68:New Testament
55:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2060:
2040:
2021:
2002:
1981:– via
1975:
1967:
1948:
1942:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1854:
1844:
1836:
1814:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1776:
1749:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1726:Minor Sights
1725:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1699:
1693:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:
1664:
1656:
1631:. Retrieved
1628:Minor Sights
1627:
1618:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1588:
1568:
1549:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1513:
1506:
1497:
1490:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1454:
1435:
1429:
1418:. Retrieved
1408:
1398:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1337:Solar symbol
1267:Arma Christi
1265:
1172:
1164:
1163:in the work
1158:
985:
983:
978:
964:
947:
941:
939:
724:
709:
687:bought from
678:
670:
654:
627:gave to the
622:
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584:
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571:
569:
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527:rock crystal
516:
506:
500:
453:
414:, while the
396:
378:
372:
335:
329:
309:
300:
277:
254:
220:
202:A purported
101:
71:
65:
61: 1580s
1949:John Calvin
1888:(in German)
1819:Cherry 2010
1463:(in French)
1416:. p. 7
1273:Holy Sponge
1236:San Maximin
1204:Compostella
1176:Santa Croce
1161:John Calvin
1096:Philippines
936:Iconography
589:jujube tree
420:Charlemagne
352:Cassiodorus
208:French King
134:crucifixion
128:during the
105:ex akanthōn
2085:Categories
1995:References
1983:Wikisource
1892:4 February
1863:4 February
1859:(in Dutch)
1805:2024-03-29
1800:New Advent
1731:2016-08-05
1651:Cherry, 22
1633:2016-08-05
1492:5 February
1467:2020-09-15
1420:2022-04-02
1377:Mark 15:17
1288:True Cross
1210:, two; in
996:Carnations
987:Passiflora
956:sarcophagi
915:Lancashire
867:Portugal:
556:(see also
546:translated
456:Baldwin II
430:in 877 by
387:Mount Zion
359: 570
259:As a relic
190:apocryphal
180:, such as
158:Matthew 27
70:, a woven
2055:(1908). "
1392:John 19:5
1388:John 19:2
1206:, in the
1194:, in the
1190:five, at
1184:Vincennes
973:'s print
943:Ecce Homo
927:Ukraine:
904:Worcester
883:Barcelona
807:Elchingen
805:Germany:
787:Germany:
780:Germany:
767:Holy Land
736:Belgium:
613:Nuremberg
581:reliquary
472:Venetians
454:In 1238,
436:Athelstan
428:Compiègne
400:Justinian
379:itinerary
326:Jerusalem
227:venerated
168::17) and
113:ἀκάνθινος
103:stephanos
95:translit.
1769:(1908).
1750:CBS News
1706:21 March
1676:21 March
1596:16 April
1534:19 April
1406:(1894).
1255:See also
1240:Provence
1216:Toulouse
1212:Vivarais
1192:Besançon
1186:one, at
1021:Napoleon
773:France:
761:France:
731:Wevelgem
574:states:
303:May 2024
238:Louis IX
211:Louis IX
115:στέφανος
82:στέφανος
54:El Greco
2050::
1232:Sanflor
1228:Poictou
1224:Charrox
1188:Bourges
1131:Brescia
1000:passion
952:chi-rho
890:Seville
888:Spain:
881:Spain:
874:Spain:
860:Italy:
849:Italy:
838:Italy:
827:Italy:
816:Italy:
793:Kolumba
789:Cologne
770:Friday)
699:in the
404:Germain
285:Please
174:John 19
166:Mark 15
154:Matthew
150:gospels
88:ἀκανθῶν
2028:
2009:
1978:
1955:
1930:
1696:Willd"
1667:Willd"
1525:
1442:
1244:Selles
1220:Mascon
876:Oviedo
869:Lisbon
851:Naples
745:Prague
675:, 1603
639:relics
539:Louvre
531:Gothic
503:rushes
486:, the
458:, the
450:France
424:Aachen
246:a fire
186:Origen
160::29),
130:events
98:
1353:Notes
1248:Noyon
1149:1932.
929:Odesa
797:Liège
738:Ghent
597:Trier
340:Migne
223:relic
213:from
204:relic
126:Jesus
76:Greek
2026:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1894:2014
1865:2014
1708:2023
1678:2023
1598:2019
1536:2019
1523:ISBN
1494:2023
1440:ISBN
1071:The
840:Pisa
829:Rome
818:Rome
593:Pisa
570:The
554:Lent
170:John
162:Mark
144:his
142:mock
2059:".
1238:in
1226:in
718:to
657:by
560:).
505:of
462:of
381:of
365:in
338:in
152:of
109:or
2087::
1882:.
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1826:^
1798:.
1787:^
1775:.
1758:^
1748:.
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1642:^
1626:.
1578:^
1559:^
1517:.
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1234:,
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842:,
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683:,
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356:c.
342:,
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184:,
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85:ἐξ
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2015:.
1985:.
1961:.
1936:.
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1636:.
1600:.
1538:.
1470:.
1448:.
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1133:.
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354:(
316:)
310:(
305:)
301:(
297:.
283:.
217:.
195:.
172:(
164:(
156:(
74:(
45:.
34:.
20:)
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