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286:. Color cross processed photographs are often characterized by unnatural colors and high contrast. The results of cross processing differ from case to case, as the results are determined by many factors such as the make and type of the film used, the amount of light exposed onto the film and the chemical used to develop the film. Cross processing has been used in a variety of photographic and cinematographic practices, most notably rising in popularity during the 1990s. Similar effects can also be achieved with digital filter effects.
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Cross processing effects can be simulated in digital photography by a number of techniques involving the manipulation of contrast/brightness, hue/saturation and curves. However, these digital tools lack the unpredictable nature of regular cross processed images. These digital techniques are most
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It is overall unclear when cross processing became a prominent technique, with some believing that it began to rise in popularity in the early 1970s. By 1995, the technique was best known for its use in fashion photography. The rise in popularity is occasionally attributed to being an act of
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The results of cross processing differ from case to case, as the results are determined by many factors such as the make and type of the film used, the amount of light exposed onto the film and the chemical used to develop the film.
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film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. The effect was discovered independently by many different photographers often by mistake in the days of
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noted in a 1999 interview that "working with cross-processed film is a tricky thing", and that it is more difficult than working with still photographs.
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Cross processing was most prominently used in fashion photography in the 1990s. Some notable pioneers of the fashion photography craze include
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Cross processing has been used as a cinematography technique in various movies beginning in the 1990s. Some of these movies include
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However, cross processing can take other forms, such as negative color print film or positive color reversal film in
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layer before processing. This results in a higher contrast than normal, but without any effect on the colors.
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chemicals, resulting in a positive image but with the orange base of a normally processed color
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19:"Xpro" redirects here. For the Social media application, a currently known as "XPro", see
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750:"The Emergence of Filmic Artifacts: Cinema and Cinematography in the Digital Era"
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Agfa CT Precisa 100 film, shot at EI 80 then cross processed with C-41 chemistry
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Newton Thomas Sigel, who used the technique for the "Demon-Vision" sequences in
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Practical
Artistry : Light & Exposure for Digital Photographers
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Cross processing usually involves one of the two following methods.
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200 ISO Lomography Slide/Xpro film, processed with C-41 chemistry
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200 ISO Lomography Slide/Xpro film, processed with C-41 chemistry
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developer. Another form of cross-processing involves processing
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Drafahl, Jack; Drafahl, Sue (April 2003). "Cross-Processing".
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chemicals, resulting in a negative image on a colorless base.
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Fuji Sensia slide film cross processed with C-41 chemistry
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Procedure of deliberately processing photographic film
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355:often executed in photo editing programs such as
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664:GOOD PICTURES;A HISTORY OF POPULAR PHOTOGRAPHY
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2431:Conservation and restoration of photographs
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2168:Comparison of digital and film photography
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567:"cross-processing | More than Photography"
534:STUDIO PHOTOGRAPHY : essential skills
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1980:Painted photography backdrops
1912:Golden triangle (composition)
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797:Holben, Jay (November 1999).
667:. STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
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569:. 2013-06-16. Archived from
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531:CHILD, JOHN (2017).
314:Processing negative
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1304:Hyperfocal distance
1217:Circle of confusion
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1945:Autochrome Lumière
1940:Analog photography
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702:. Routledge.
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607:0-240-51669-9
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573:on 2013-06-16
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154:Bleach bypass
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67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2453:Polaroid art
2347:K-14 process
2342:Instant film
2337:Gum printing
2301:
2292:C-41 process
2277:Photographic
2178:Image sensor
2173:Film scanner
1827:Sun printing
1760:Print toning
1547:space selfie
1517:Pictorialism
1447:Ethnographic
1427:Conservation
1299:Guide number
1294:Focal length
848:
844:
834:
828:(12): 36–39.
825:
821:
815:
806:
802:
792:
760:(3): 24–33.
757:
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743:
735:
731:
726:
698:
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663:
631:
624:
596:
575:. Retrieved
571:the original
561:
533:
526:
420:
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400:
393:
387:
385:
374:
353:
344:
329:
298:
276:photographic
271:
267:
266:
204:Polaroid art
163:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2458:Stereoscopy
2322:E-6 process
2317:Dye coupler
2250:color space
2163:Digiscoping
2156:camera back
2071:Philippines
2000:Visual arts
1990:Glass plate
1975:Heliography
1874:Composition
1849:Ultraviolet
1805:Stereoscopy
1800:Slow motion
1785:Scanography
1700:Kite aerial
1640:Contre-jour
1532:Post-mortem
1522:Pornography
1502:Neues Sehen
1437:Documentary
1371:Zone System
1346:Reciprocity
1272:Film format
1202:Backscatter
1180:Terminology
1050:beauty dish
949:rangefinder
914:light-field
895:Photography
775:10919/25812
738:(4), 46–50.
377:Nick Knight
229:Ultraviolet
134:photography
132:Alternative
2503:Categories
2448:Lomography
2279:processing
2228:Print film
2144:comparison
2111:Uzbekistan
2061:Luxembourg
2021:Bangladesh
1970:Dufaycolor
1950:Box camera
1907:Simplicity
1864:Zoom burst
1859:Xerography
1854:Vignetting
1844:Time-lapse
1832:Tilt–shift
1725:Mordançage
1715:Luminogram
1680:Holography
1675:High-speed
1655:Fill flash
1635:Burst mode
1613:Techniques
1594:Vernacular
1589:Underwater
1584:Toy camera
1564:Still life
1492:Monochrome
1482:High-speed
1432:Cloudscape
1422:Conceptual
1324:Photograph
1309:Lens flare
1289:Film speed
1171:Zone plate
1117:wide-angle
1102:long-focus
718:1238680431
683:1151897271
641:1152554324
577:2023-01-26
553:1007930292
518:References
76:newspapers
2398:Norwegian
2362:Stop bath
2307:Developer
1935:Ambrotype
1897:Lead room
1820:Slit-scan
1755:Photogram
1750:Panoramic
1660:Fireworks
1645:Cyanotype
1487:Landscape
1132:telephoto
1080:reflector
1075:monolight
1070:lens hood
1055:cucoloris
991:safelight
902:Equipment
851:(11): 82.
784:0015-1386
537:. FOCAL.
361:Instagram
357:Photoshop
290:Processes
169:Cyanotype
106:July 2009
21:TweetDeck
2477:Category
2183:CMOS APS
2081:Slovenia
2009:Regional
1955:Calotype
1892:Headroom
1770:Redscale
1685:Infrared
1630:Brenizer
1604:Wildlife
1527:Portrait
1472:Forensic
1462:Fine-art
1397:Aircraft
1387:Abstract
1267:F-number
1247:Exposure
1222:Clipping
1197:Aperture
1065:hot shoe
986:enlarger
981:Darkroom
616:48932514
507:Redscale
501:See also
389:Clockers
324:negative
295:Analogue
209:Redscale
184:Infrared
2488:Outline
2424:Related
2116:Vietnam
2101:Ukraine
2036:Denmark
2016:Albania
1995:Tintype
1922:History
1887:Framing
1780:Rollout
1745:Panning
1695:Kirlian
1599:Wedding
1477:Glamour
1457:Fashion
1442:Eclipse
1412:Banquet
1334:Albumen
1144:Monopod
1122:fisheye
1090:softbox
939:pinhole
929:instant
919:digital
430:Gallery
350:Digital
194:Pinhole
90:scholar
2486:
2475:
2408:street
2403:Polish
2096:Turkey
2091:Taiwan
2076:Serbia
2066:Norway
2041:Greece
2026:Canada
1620:Afocal
1579:Street
1559:Sports
1542:Selfie
1497:Nature
1452:Erotic
1417:Candid
1392:Aerial
1380:Genres
1282:medium
1159:Tripod
1127:swivel
1040:Filter
1018:holder
1013:format
909:Camera
782:
716:
706:
681:
671:
639:
614:
604:
551:
541:
409:Fallen
395:U-Turn
340:remjet
224:Toning
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2413:women
2371:Lists
2327:Fixer
2210:Pixel
2139:D-SLR
2086:Sudan
2056:Korea
2051:Japan
2046:India
2031:China
1815:Strip
1740:Night
1720:Macro
1625:Bokeh
1569:Stock
1537:Ruins
1277:large
1107:prime
1085:snoot
1045:Flash
1023:stock
998:Drone
959:still
944:press
934:phone
924:field
481:Holga
336:ECN-2
97:JSTOR
83:books
2436:film
2151:MILC
1650:ETTR
1507:Nude
1467:Fire
1366:Sync
1164:head
1112:zoom
1097:Lens
1060:gobo
1008:base
1003:Film
974:view
780:ISSN
714:OCLC
704:ISBN
679:OCLC
669:ISBN
637:OCLC
612:OCLC
602:ISBN
549:OCLC
539:ISBN
399:and
379:and
365:VSCO
309:C-41
282:and
280:C-22
272:Xpro
69:news
2188:CCD
969:toy
964:TLR
954:SLR
770:hdl
762:doi
363:or
320:E-6
318:in
307:in
284:E-4
52:by
2505::
849:79
847:.
843:.
826:31
824:.
807:80
805:.
801:.
778:.
768:.
758:57
756:.
752:.
736:59
734:,
712:.
677:.
649:^
635:.
610:.
586:^
547:.
392:,
383:.
367:.
887:e
880:t
873:v
786:.
772::
764::
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685:.
643:.
618:.
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411:,
404:.
397:,
326:.
256:e
249:t
242:v
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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