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is required to prove his case "on the balance of probabilities". "Beyond reasonable doubt" is not defined for the jury which decides the verdict, but it has been said by appeal courts that proving guilt beyond reasonable doubt requires the prosecution to exclude any reasonable hypothesis consistent
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of careless driving. He still has to prove his case in a civil action. In fact he may be able to prove his civil case even when the driver is found not guilty in the criminal trial. If the accused has given evidence on his trial he may be cross-examined on those statements in a subsequent civil
1326:", and do not provide the defence with adequate rights. Conversely, there is a tendency in countries with an inquisitorial system to believe that accusatorial proceedings unduly favour rich defendants who can afford large legal teams, and therefore disfavour poorer defendants.
1054:– that is, it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt, as opposed to having the defense prove that they are innocent, and any doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant. This provision, known as the
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about the same matter, just as evidence given in a civil cause is not necessarily admissible on a criminal trial. For example, the victim of a road accident does not directly benefit if the driver who injured him is found guilty of the
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of adjudication, in which judges undertake an active investigation of the claims by examining the evidence at the trial (while other judges contribute likewise by preparing reports).
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Proponents of either system tend to consider that their system defends best the rights of the innocent. There is a tendency in common law countries to believe that civil law /
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may force a convicted accused to pay a fine to the Crown as punishment for the crime, and sometimes to pay the
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In both the United States and the United
Kingdom, a civil action between Ms. Sanchez and a Mr. Smith would be
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In Anglo-American law, the party bringing a criminal action (that is, in most cases, the state) is called the
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Currently, in many countries with a democratic system and the rule of law, criminal procedure puts the
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if initiated by the federal government; if brought by a state, the case would typically be called
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tend to make a clear distinction between civil and criminal procedures. For example, an
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jurisdictions ('civil law' as a type of law system, not as opposed to criminal law) follow an
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than in a civil one since the loser risks not only financial penalties but also being sent to
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Criminal
Procedure and the Constitution: Leading Supreme Court Cases and Introductory Text
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the prosecution must prove the guilt of a criminal "beyond reasonable doubt"; but the
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Evidence given at a criminal trial is not necessarily admissible in a
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systems, the trial judge presides over proceedings grounded in the
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Antonino, Galati; Tranchina, Giovanni; ZappalĂ , Vincenzo (2023).
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Israel, Jerold H.; Kamisar, Yale; LaFave, Wayne R. (2003).
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in a civil, not a criminal, action. In countries using the
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In the United
Kingdom, the criminal case would be styled
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and provide any defendant who cannot afford their own
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against a person named Ms. Sanchez would be entitled
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Differences between civil law and common law systems
1196:. In a civil action the other party is known as the
1173:, criminal actions are nearly always started by the
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are different. Although some systems, including the
1282:, which the defendant should pay to the plaintiff.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1192:, but the party bringing a civil action is the
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1074:with a lawyer paid for at the public expense.
1018:with the person on trial either being free on
30:"Criminal case" redirects here. For game, see
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3110:History of the American legal profession
1381:Criminal procedure in the United States
1236:(short for Rex or Regina, that is, the
1133:(or, in some countries, execution). In
1125:The standards of proof are higher in a
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1165:, allow a private citizen to bring a
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1064:European Convention on Human Rights
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1429:Criminal Procedure Code (Malaysia)
1417:Code of Criminal Procedure (Japan)
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2094:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1884:Evidence law in the United States
1535:. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
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1498:. Harlow: Longman. p. 34.
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32:Criminal Case (video game)
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1494:Richard Powell (1993).
1466:(in Italian). Giuffrè.
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1795:Statute of limitations
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61:improve this article
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2742:Expressive function
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2170:Consumer protection
1790:Preliminary hearing
1256:if begun by Smith.
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1718:Adversarial system
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1581:Criminal procedure
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1230:People v. Sanchez.
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143:Criminal procedure
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1473:978-88-288-5157-8
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117:February 2015
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72:Find sources:
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50:This article
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2897:Jurisdiction
2865:Legal remedy
2820:Adjudication
2720:Legal theory
2558:Ratification
2553:Promulgation
2524:Proclamation
2504:Codification
2437:Human rights
2425:Divine right
2415:Constitution
2383:Women in law
2301:Military law
2296:Marriage law
2291:Maritime law
2190:Election law
2130:Aviation law
2120:Abortion law
2072:Property law
2064:
2008:Criminal law
1874:Criminal law
1848:Plea bargain
1830:
1785:Precognition
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1100:compensation
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1042:Basic rights
1024:incarcerated
1012:criminal law
1008:adjudication
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945:Self defense
935:Reproductive
640:Human rights
467:Criminal law
389:Life licence
340:Imprisonment
173:Speedy trial
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97:
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83:
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3069:Legislature
3000:Bureaucracy
2797:Rule of man
2792:Rule of law
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2630:Chinese law
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2481:Regulations
2469:Law reports
2447:Natural law
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2261:Jurimetrics
2202:(Media law)
2140:Banking law
2135:Amnesty law
2113:Disciplines
2050:Private law
1932:Wikiversity
1889:Legal abuse
1826:Information
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1811:Alford plea
1751:Extradition
1341:Trial (law)
1246:v. Sanchez.
1216:(short for
1190:prosecution
1183:individuals
1135:English law
1096:prosecution
1092:legal costs
1052:prosecution
920:Development
860:Association
755:Transgender
399:Exoneration
3062:Law school
2942:Prosecutor
2880:Magistrate
2667:Jewish law
2625:Common law
2546:Rulemaking
2541:Regulation
2491:Law making
2430:Divine law
2406:Legal code
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2276:Law of war
2226:Health law
2211:Family law
2195:Energy law
2145:Bankruptcy
2082:Punishment
2077:Public law
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1821:Indictment
1768:Indictment
1756:Grand jury
1699:Law portal
1680:Terry stop
1447:References
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1148:Plomp v. R
1106:, such as
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910:Linguistic
885:Fair trial
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735:Indigenous
419:Recidivism
293:Guidelines
258:Sentencing
243:Not proven
233:Conviction
178:Jury trial
163:Fair trial
87:newspapers
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2645:Canon law
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1993:Civil law
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1907:Wikibooks
1620:Detention
1496:Law today
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1202:defendant
1198:defendant
1194:plaintiff
1139:plaintiff
1036:defendant
1032:acquittal
955:Sexuality
880:Education
804:Prisoners
695:Creditors
690:Consumers
549:UK courts
512:US courts
378:Probation
288:Discharge
278:Custodial
273:Suspended
268:Mandatory
238:Acquittal
168:Pre-trial
3177:Category
3147:Category
3089:Tribunal
3074:Military
2917:Attorney
2887:Judgment
2747:Feminist
2662:Jain law
2459:Case law
2180:Cyberlaw
2087:Corporal
2065:Criminal
2035:Evidence
2025:Doctrine
2003:Contract
1927:Wikinews
1879:Evidence
1514:30075861
1360:of India
1330:See also
925:Property
915:Movement
855:Assembly
819:Students
794:Peasants
789:Patients
740:Intersex
705:Disabled
685:Children
472:Evidence
306:Totality
283:Periodic
3161:Outline
3098:History
3005:The bar
2979:Verdict
2927:Counsel
2907:Justice
2762:History
2585:Statute
2401:Charter
2363:Tax law
2311:Probate
1675:Suspect
1599:Arguido
1279:damages
1222:Sanchez
1206:accused
1204:or the
1171:citizen
1163:English
1150:. In a
1116:damages
1094:of the
1068:counsel
1050:on the
1034:of the
1006:is the
905:Housing
875:Digital
834:Workers
824:Victims
782:Mothers
777:Fathers
772:Parents
725:Fetuses
720:Farmers
680:Animals
675:Accused
481:Portals
223:Verdict
183:Counsel
101:scholar
3079:Police
3050:Agency
2932:Lawyer
2677:Sharia
2568:Treaty
2563:Repeal
2509:Decree
2420:Custom
2316:Estate
2266:Labour
2030:Equity
1605:Arrest
1539:
1512:
1502:
1470:
1218:versus
1131:prison
1108:France
1072:lawyer
960:Speech
930:Repair
900:Health
865:Asylum
814:States
809:Robots
799:Plants
730:Humans
715:Family
710:Elders
593:Rights
547:
539:
526:
510:
414:Pardon
385:
383:Tariff
373:Parole
213:Appeal
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3154:Index
3020:Court
2964:Trial
2870:Judge
2711:Yassa
2514:Edict
2060:Civil
2013:Crime
1276:, or
1274:money
1266:crime
1242:Queen
1175:state
1141:in a
1120:judge
1112:Italy
839:Youth
829:Women
745:Kings
298:Guilt
108:JSTOR
94:books
2902:Jury
2850:Fiqh
2706:Xeer
2104:Tort
2020:Deed
1843:Plea
1723:Bail
1537:ISBN
1510:OCLC
1500:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1238:King
1110:and
1020:bail
890:Food
750:LGBT
700:Deaf
208:Bail
80:news
1974:Law
1746:law
1310:of
1302:In
1240:or
1228:or
1030:or
1022:or
762:Men
63:by
3179::
2408:/
1508:.
1482:^
1244:)
1234:R.
1185:.
1177:.
1122:.
1966:e
1959:t
1952:v
1573:e
1566:t
1559:v
1545:.
1516:.
1476:.
992:e
985:t
978:v
578:e
571:t
564:v
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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