426:) and heightened creativity. Other studies show that negative moods seem to be correlated with heightened creativity. One such research paper concludes, "Negative moods signal that the status quo is problematic and that additional effort needs to be exerted to come up with new and useful ideas." The debate is not binary, with some studies saying that both positive and negative emotions play a role in creativity. Additionally, the connection between mood and creativity is rarely direct; rather, being in certain moods forces or fosters people into certain actions that make them more creative at the moment. For instance, negative emotions have been shown to increase the amount a person will reflect and ruminate, which then can cause a person to be more creative.
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997:(born 1977) is an American record producer, rapper, singer, and fashion designer who has bipolar disorder. The creativity in his art and his outspoken views on different topics are sometimes attributed in part to him being bipolar. West has said on his disorder, "I can just tell you what I'm feeling at the time, and I feel a heightened connection with the universe when I'm ramping up. It is a health issue. This – it's like a sprained brain, like having a sprained ankle. And if someone has a sprained ankle, you're not going to push on him more. With us, once our brain gets to a point of spraining, people do everything to make it worse."
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perceptions and flight of thoughts and ideas in a practical way. Individuals with
Bipolar II Disorder experience milder periods of hypomania during which the flight of ideas, faster thought processes and ability to take in more information can be converted to art, poetry or design. In a study done by Shapiro and Weisberg, they found that it was not the depressive episodes, but rather coming out of them that sparked the creativity. Specifically, the self-image that one has during hypomania causing them to be more self-confident and allows them to have the confidence to create.
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but not repeatedly beyond that point. One study wrote that "only elevated levels of schizotypy and psychosis-proneness found in divergent thinkers or possessing some indicators of schizotypy promotes creative achievement but not full-blown schizophrenia". Another article writes that "it is likely that psychopathology and creativity are closely related; sharing many traits and antecedents but outright psychopathology may be negatively associated with creativity".
453:, and 89% of creative writers and artists had experienced "intense, highly productive, and creative episodes". These were characterized by "pronounced increases in enthusiasm, energy, self-confidence, speed of mental association, fluency of thought and elevated mood". Although mania is characterized by reckless and possibly self-destructive behavior, in milder forms, the energy and free-flowing thinking of mania can fuel creativity.
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874:, who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. After undergoing several different treatments and therapies over the course of several decades, Nash effectively eschewed further psychiatric intervention and gradually adjusted to dealing with his symptoms without the usage of medications; he eventually returned to his field and earned a Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.
983:, alongside full 2D and 3D graphics libraries, a programming language (HolyC) and a compiler. Although his remarks were often incomprehensible or abrasive, he was known to be exceptionally lucid if the topic of discussion was computers. He refused medication for his schizophrenia because he believed it limited his creativity. In 2017, the OS was shown as a part of an
915:] that it underwent in the sixties and seventies when people were taking LSD to simulate what they thought was a liberating experience. During those days, people often confused creativity with insanity. There is no creativity in madness; madness is the opposite of creativity, although people may be creative in spite of being mentally ill.
948:. In 2002, after undergoing treatment, he spoke of how medication affects his creativity, explaining: "I haven't been able to write anything for three years. I think I need the demons in order to write, but the demons have gone. It bothers me a lot. I've tried and tried, but I just can't seem to find a melody."
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episodes can include prolonged periods of elevated energy. The first empirical study about this topic was done by Nancy
Andreasen in the 1970s. She expected for the correlation to be between Creativity and Schizophrenia. She instead discovered that the correlation was actually between creativity
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Several studies suggest a consistent link between creativity and those with either mild forms of bipolar disorder or family histories of bipolar disorder, but not full-blown
Bipolar I Disorder. These findings reiterate that creative individuals are more likely on the mild end of psychosis spectrums,
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A study by Simon Kyaga and others looked at 300,000 people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or unipolar depression, and their relatives, and found overrepresentation in creative professions for those with bipolar disorder as well as for undiagnosed siblings of those with schizophrenia or bipolar
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Three studies by Mark Batey and Adrian
Furnham have demonstrated the relationships between schizotypal and hypomanic personality and several different measures of creativity. Specifically, Divergent Thinking Fluency, the Biographical Inventory of Creative Behaviors, as well as Self-rated Creativity.
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Brain imaging studies have consistently reported that low-latent inhibition is associated with originality, creative personalities, and high levels of creative achievement. There have also been genetic studies conducted to consider genetic links between creativity and psychopathology. Several genes
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There is a popular Indian cultural belief that 'deep pain enhances creativity and creative acts may actually help in healing the wounds'. The healing powers of creativity are seen frequently in everyday life, as artistic outlets are often encouraged as a way to improve well-being. For many people,
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Many people with bipolar disorder may feel powerful emotions during both depressive and manic phases, potentially aiding in creativity. Because mania and hypomania may decrease social inhibition, performers who have bipolar disorder may become more daring and bold during an episode. Other creators
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has also been found to impede spontaneous creativity. In fact, Robert
Epstein describes it as a creativity killer. Instead, people must work to cultivate creativity like any other skill. He found that capturing your ideas, seeking out challenges, increasing your knowledge, and surrounding yourself
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A 2005 study at the
Stanford University School of Medicine measured creativity by showing children figures of varying complexity and symmetry and asking whether they like or dislike them. The study showed for the first time that a sample of children who either have or are at high risk for bipolar
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appears among playwrights, novelists, biographers, and artists at a higher rate than the general population. Association between mental illness and creativity first appeared in academic literature in the 1970s, but speculation about a link between "madness" and "genius" dates back at least to the
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There is a range of types of bipolar disorder. Individuals with
Bipolar I Disorder experience severe episodes of mania and depression with periods of wellness between episodes. The severity of the manic episodes can mean that the person is seriously disabled and unable to express the heightened
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These correlations could be due, in part, to shared vulnerability factors between creativity and psychopathology, including neural hyper-connectivity, novelty salience, cognitive disinhibition, and emotional lability. There are also shared environmental factors that can simultaneously increase
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A study involving more than one million people, conducted by
Swedish researchers at the Karolinska Institute, reported a number of correlations between creative occupations and mental illnesses. Writers had a higher risk of anxiety and bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, unipolar depression, and
189:. For example, studies have demonstrated correlations between creative occupations and people living with mental illness. There are cases that support the idea that mental illness can aid in creativity, but it is also generally agreed that mental illness does not have to be present for
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Research in this area is usually constrained to cross-section data-sets. One of the few exceptions is an economic study of the well-being and creative output of three famous music composers over their entire lifetime. The emotional indicators are obtained from letters written by
954:(1961–2019) was an American singer-songwriter whose music was often attributed to his psychological issues. In a press release issued by his manager, it was requested that reporters refrain from describing Johnston as a "genius" due to the musician's emotional instabilities.
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However, as a broader group, those in the creative professions (defined as "scientific and artistic occupations") were no more likely to experience psychiatric disorders than other people, although they were more likely to have a close relative with a disorder, including
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characteristics are somewhat more frequent in philosophers, mathematicians, and scientists than in the general population. In a 2015 study, Iceland scientists found that people in creative professions are 25% more likely to have gene variants that increase the risk of
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creativity serves to overcome psychic crises, traumatic events and depression. Creativity can also have an incredible impact on mental health and well-being by not only helping people find meaning and significance, but providing an increased sense of purpose.
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Multiple research studies study a link between reduced latent inhibition, and the psychopathology of acute-phase schizophrenia. This is suggestive of a correlation between psychopathology and creativity, but should not be interpreted as a causal relationship.
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have ADHD. Their creativity, out-of-the-box thinking, high energy levels, and disinhibited manner could all be a positive result of their ." Mania risk has also been credited with aiding in creative accomplishments because "when speed of thinking increases,
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and those with mood disorders. Specifically, that 80% of her sample had experienced at least one major episode. In her follow-up study 15 years later, she found that 43% had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 2 had committed suicide. In her book
744:"I lead a miserable existence and reck not of life nor honour – that is of this world; I live wearied by stupendous labours and beset by a thousand anxieties. And thus I lived for some fifteen years now and never an hour's happiness have I had."
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are some people whose lives have been researched to discover signs of mood disorder. In many instances, creativity and mania – the overwhelming highs that bipolar individuals often experience – share some common traits, such as a tendency for
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disorder. There was no overall overrepresentation, but overrepresentation for artistic occupations, among those diagnosed with schizophrenia. There was no association for those with unipolar depression or their relatives.
741:, MJ Van Lieburg argues that elements of depression are prominent in some of Michelangelo's sculptures and poetry. Van Lieburg also draws additional support from Michelangelo's letters to his father in which he states:
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A study by Sally Anne Gross and George
Musgrave suggested that high levels of self-reported anxiety and depression amongst musicians might be explained, at least in part, by the nature of their working conditions.
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Individuals with mental illness are said to display a capacity to see the world in a novel and original way; literally, to see things that others cannot. However, people do not require a mental illness to do so.
902:. The narrative constantly puts difference between the protagonist's mental illness and her artistic ability. Greenberg is adamant that her creative skills flourished in spite of, not because of, her condition:
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in people with mild-to-moderate mental illnesses leads to greater creative capacities. Saltz argued that the "wavering attention and day-dreamy state" of ADHD, for example, "is also a source of highly original
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Kyaga, Simon; Landén, Mikael; Boman, Marcus; Hultman, Christina M.; Långström, Niklas; Lichtenstein, Paul (January 2013). "Mental illness, suicide and creativity: 40-Year prospective total population study".
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Kyaga, Simon; Landén, Mikael; Boman, Marcus; Hultman, Christina M.; Långström, Niklas; Lichtenstein, Paul (January 2013). "Mental illness, suicide and creativity: 40-year prospective total population study".
894:. At the time she was diagnosed with schizophrenia, although two psychiatrists who examined Greenberg's self-description in the book in 1981 concluded that she did not have schizophrenia, but had extreme
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prefrontal cortex. This study hypothesized that such individuals are better at accessing both hemispheres, allowing them to make novel associations at a faster rate. Consistent with this hypothesis,
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that have been flagged as linking to some forms of psychopathology have also been linked to creativity. These include polymorphisms of the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, the 5HT2a gene, and the NRG1 gene.
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667:, an individual's unconscious capacity to ignore unimportant stimuli. While the absence of this ability is associated with psychosis, it has also been found to contribute to original thinking.
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Nowakowska C, Strong CM, Santosa CM, Wang PW, Ketter TA (March 2005). "Temperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients, creative controls, and healthy controls".
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standpoint, and it was believed that the same human quality was perhaps responsible for both extraordinary achievement and melancholy. On this topic, Romantic writers had similar ideals, with
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s David McNamee argued that "it's almost taboo to say anything critical about
Johnston. This is incredibly patronising. For one thing, it makes any honest evaluation of his work impossible."
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Kyaga, S.; Lichtenstein, P.; Boman, M.; Hultman, C.; Långström, N.; Landén, M. (2011). "Creativity and mental disorder: Family study of 300 000 people with severe mental disorder".
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Byron, Kristin; Khazanchi, Shalini; Nazarian, Deborah (2010). "The relationship between stressors and creativity: A meta-analysis examining competing theoretical models".
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saying, "Often, when people are creating something new, they end up straddling between sanity and insanity. I think these results support the concept of the mad genius."
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presents the argument that bipolar disorder, and affective disorders more generally, may be found in a disproportionate number of people in creative professions such as
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suggests that high levels of self-reported anxiety and depression amongst musicians can be explained, at least in part, by the nature of musicians' working conditions.
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For many years, the creative arts, from visual arts and writing to music and drama, have been used in therapy for those recovering from mental illness or addiction.
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as experiencing bipolar or unipolar disorder based on biographies, letters, correspondence, contemporaneous accounts, or other anecdotal material, most notably in
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noted that many common traits of schizophrenia – especially fragmentation, defiance of authority, and multiple viewpoints – happen to also be defining features of
2672:"The Effects of Diseases, Drugs, and Chemicals on the Creativity and Productivity of Famous Sculptors, Classic Painters, Classic Music Composers, and Authors"
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disorder tend to dislike simple or symmetric symbols more. Children with bipolar parents who were not bipolar themselves also scored higher dislike scores.
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Santosa CM, Strong CM, Nowakowska C, Wang PW, Rennicke CM, Ketter TA (June 2007). "Enhanced creativity in bipolar disorder patients: a controlled study".
363:, and were almost twice as likely as the general population to kill themselves. Dancers and photographers were also more likely to have bipolar disorder.
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have been extensively discussed and studied by psychologists and other researchers for centuries. Parallels can be drawn to connect creativity to major
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There is a strong possibility that he had recurrent depressive episodes, and it is also likely that he had what would now be called a bipolar disorder.
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1351:"Verbal creativity and schizotypal personality in relation to prefrontal hemispheric laterality: A behavioral and near-infrared optical imaging study"
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having pleasantly expressed, "We of the craft are all crazy. Some are affected by gaiety, others by melancholy, but all are more or less touched".
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Carson, Shelley (2003). "Decreased Latent Inhibition Is Associated With Increased Creative Achievement in High-Functioning Individuals".
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stated that the relationship between creativity and mental disorder "has been well researched and is proven to be a fact", writing that
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Epstein, Robert; Schmidt, Steven M; Warfel, Regina (2008). "Measuring and Training Creativity Competencies: Validation of a New Test".
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may exhibit characteristics often associated with mental illness that are not necessarily equivalent to a full-blown manic episode.
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potential for creativity and vulnerability to psychopathology. These factors continue to drive further research, like the study
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Shapiro, Pamela J; Weisberg, Robert W (1999). "Creativity and bipolar diathesis: Common behavioral and cognitive components".
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806:, because the manic mind is less inclined to filtering details that, in a normal state, would be dismissed as irrelevant."
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449:, American clinical psychologist Kay Redfield Jamison wrote that 38% of writers and poets had been treated for a type of
395:, and the results indicate that negative emotions had a causal impact on the creative production of the artists studied.
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2242:"David Gram for the Associated Press (2013-12-27). "For this orchestra, playing music is therapeutic", The Boston Globe"
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Andreasen, Nancy (1987). "Creativity and mental illness: prevalence rates in writers and their first-degree relatives".
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Parker, G., (ed.) "Bipolar II Disorder: modeling, measuring and managing", Cambridge University Press (Cambridge,2005).
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between creativity and bipolar disorder, although the relationship between the two is unclear. Temperament may be an
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It has been found that the brains of creative people are more open to environmental stimuli due to smaller amounts of
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2228:"Franz Strasser and David Botti (2013-1-7). "Conductor with bipolar disorder on music and mental illness", BBC News"
660:," flights of ideas, the speeding up of thoughts and heightened perception of visual, auditory and somatic stimuli.
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or people without mental health diagnoses. While divergent thinking was associated with bilateral activation of the
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genius, "all around" genius, etc. The Ancient Greeks believed that creativity came from the gods, in particular the
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attributes the aphorism "No great mind has ever existed without a touch of madness." The word "genius" may refer to
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blog entry about creativity and mental illness by a professor of psychology and creativity scientist Keith Sawyer
1861:"Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don't: The role of context and clarity of feelings"
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Kaufman, James C. "Two." Creativity and Mental Illness. United Kingdom: Cambridge U House, 2014. 31–38. Print.
760:. Ambition has also been identified as being linked to creative output in people across the bipolar spectrum.
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is widely theorised to have had bipolar disorder. Other notable creative people with bipolar disorder include
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Goodnick, P.J. (ed.) Mania: clinical and research perspectives. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, 1998.
1629:"How Are You, My Dearest Mozart? Well-Being and Creativity of Three Famous Composers Based on Their Letters"
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Furnham A., Batey M., Anand K., Manfield J. (2008). "Personality, hypomania, intelligence and creativity".
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and creativity with very different results. Some studies seem to show a correlation between positive mood (
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is also more common in people with schizotypal personality disorder as well as people with schizophrenia.
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1947:"A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?"
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1994:"A Positive Role of Negative Mood on Creativity: The Opportunity in the Crisis of the COVID-19 Epidemic"
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Many famous historical figures gifted with creative talents may have been affected by bipolar disorder.
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Heenan, Deirdre (March 2006). "Art as therapy: an effective way of promoting positive mental health?".
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2946:"To remove the stigma of mental illness, we need to accept how complex—and sometimes beautiful—it is"
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This is a list of individuals whose creative sensibilities have been linked to their mental health.
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Du, Ying; Yang, Yilong; Wang, Xuewei; Xie, Cong; Liu, Chunyu; Hu, Weiping; Li, Yadan (2021-01-20).
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People with schizophrenia live with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms (
975:(1969–2018) was an American computer programmer who singlehandedly created and designed an entire
2578:"Are Genius and Madness Related? Contemporary Answers to an Ancient Question | Psychiatric Times"
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Johnson, SL; Murray, G; Hou, S; Staudenmaier, PJ; Freeman, MA; Michalak, EE; CREST.BD. (2015).
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Batey M., Furnham A. (2008). "The relationship between measures of creativity and schizotypy".
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Batey M. Furnham (2009). "The relationship between creativity, schizotypy and intelligence".
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3288:"Kanye West opens up about his struggle with bipolar disorder: "It's like a sprained brain""
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Another study found that increased levels of creativity were more common amongst those with
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3019:"Anxiety and Adverse Life Events in Professional Creative and Early Psychosis Populations"
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Anxiety and Adverse Life Events in Professional Creative and Early Psychosis Populations
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with others who do the same help creativity grow rather than focusing on your stress.
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I wrote as a way of describing mental illness without the romanticisation [
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3115:"An Updated Evaluation of the Dichotomous Link Between Creativity and Mental Health"
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Zhao, Rongjun; Tang, Zhiwen; Lu, Fang; Xing, Qiang; Shen, Wangbing (2022-01-17).
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It has been proposed that there is a link between creativity and mental illness.
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Touched with fire : manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament
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2604:"Are Genius and Madness Related? Contemporary Answers to an Ancient Question"
2501:"New study claims to find genetic link between creativity and mental illness"
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Reddy, IndlaRamasubba; Ukrani, Jateen; Indla, Vishal; Ukrani, Varsha (2018).
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Several recent clinical studies have also suggested that there is a positive
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Asylum: A Mid-Century Madhouse and Its Lessons About Our Mentally Ill Today
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Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament
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Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament
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Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament
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if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
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Crabtree, Julie; Hudson, Jennifer L.; Newton-John, Toby (2020-10-01).
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870:(1928–2015) was an American economist, noted for his contributions to
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Particularly strong links have been identified between creativity and
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sive Aristoteli' nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit '
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Baas, Matthijs; De Dreu, Carsten K. W.; Nijstad, Bernard A. (2008).
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This statement from Greenberg originally appeared on the page for
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Can Music Make You Sick? Measuring the Price of Musical Ambition
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Can Music Make You Sick? Measuring the Price of Musical Ambition
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by Deborah Smith Bailey from American Psychological Association
3237:"The Troubled Legacy of Terry Davis, 'God's Lonely Programmer'"
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1278:, Mens Sana Monographs, 9:1, p 42–53. Retrieved 2011-03-27
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2897:"Creativity is linked to ambition across the bipolar spectrum"
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Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla § Dialectical theory of creativity
3174:"Schizophrenia In Popular Books: A Study Finds Too Much Hope"
2368:"Creativity and psychopathology: Two sides of the same coin?"
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2717:"Did Michelangelo (1475–1564) have High-Functioning Autism?"
2316:"A New Account of Robert Lowell's Mania Risks Glorifying It"
886:(1964), an autobiographical account of her teenage years in
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at amazon.com and has been quoted in many places including
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The Creative Transformation of Despair, Hate, and Violence
2204:"Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) - Symptoms and causes"
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behaviors that are not present in healthy people) include
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There have been many studies on the correlation between
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484:, a milder and more chronic form of bipolar disorder),
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1276:"A journey into chaos: Creativity and the unconscious"
3184:
733:
Scholars have also speculated that the visual artist
3327:
A journey into chaos: Creativity and the unconscious
2631:
1912:
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
1737:
1416:
2970:Ruiter, Margina; Johnson, Sheri L. (January 2015).
2601:
1290:"Creative Arts Therapy and Expressive Arts Therapy"
940:(born 1942), founding member of American rock band
835:
2715:Arshad, Muhammad; Fitzgerald, Michael (May 2004).
1944:
1157:Musgrave, George; Gross, Sally Anne (2020-09-29).
1054:Diagnosing Genius: The Life and Death of Beethoven
859:List of people with post-traumatic stress disorder
809:
2832:
1349:Folley, Bradley S.; Park, Sohee (December 2005).
1203:, Oxford University Press (Oxford, 1990), p. 353.
3345:
2774:. Rotterdam: Erasmus Publishin. pp. 19–26.
2714:
2309:
2307:
1397:
818:
2676:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
2175:
3112:
2853:
581:
440:Bipolar disorder may stimulate creativity, as
344:(who died in a mental institution), and famed
60:Please review the contents of the article and
2969:
2828:
2826:
2430:. Mega Foundation Press. 2002. Archived from
2304:
1991:
1156:
324:. She also explores research that identifies
312:summarizes studies of mood-disorder rates in
3071:
2595:
2536:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2137:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1470:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
969:was a Slovenian composer with schizophrenia.
880:(born 1932) is an American author who wrote
3190:
2788:
2772:Famous Depressives: Ten Historical Sketches
2769:
2385:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_129_18
1811:
1023:Outsider art § Art of the mentally ill
776:In 2017, associate professor of psychiatry
739:Famous Depressives: Ten Historical Sketches
2823:
1858:
1667:
1665:
1626:
1348:
1050:
3203:. No. January 6, 2002. pp. 1–3.
3148:
3130:
2920:
2401:
2383:
2069:
2027:
2009:
1775:"Creativity in familial bipolar disorder"
1772:
1518:
1484:
1374:
1287:
1084:Mania: Clinical and Research Perspectives
2833:Rihmer Z, Gonda X, Rihmer A (2006). "".
2660:, Free Press (New York, 1993), pp 82 ff.
1859:George, Jennifer M.; Zhou, Jing (2002).
1268:
1087:. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 15.
1080:
780:stated that the increased production of
136:
3213:
1812:Greene, Terry R.; Noice, Helga (1988).
1662:
747:
679:
14:
3346:
3256:"la Diagonale de l'art - ART BRUT 2.0"
3234:
3216:"The myth of Daniel Johnston's genius"
3072:Holm-Hadulla, Rainer Matthias (2023).
2533:
2498:
2427:Discussions on Genius and Intelligence
2339:
2050:
1636:The Review of Economics and Statistics
1627:Borowiecki, Karol Jan (October 2017).
1446:Personality and Individual Differences
1419:Personality and Individual Differences
1313:
844:
413:
328:in such famous writers and artists as
3321:The Myth of the Mentally Ill Creative
3253:
3171:
2943:
2451:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2267:"Famous people with bipolar disorder"
1905:
1540:
1538:
1248:
772:Mental illness and divergent thinking
618:
3254:Godin, Philippe (January 13, 2013).
3235:Cassel, David (September 23, 2018).
2669:
2313:
1671:
1152:
1150:
1148:
855:List of people with bipolar disorder
29:
2625:
1503:10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.2/ncandreasen
1163:. University of Westminster Press.
932:, M.D. (Praeger, 2007), p. 82.
737:lived with depression. In the book
429:
24:
3369:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
3214:McNamee, David (August 10, 2009).
2352:
2151:
2104:
2072:The American Journal of Psychiatry
1678:American Psychological Association
1535:
1491:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
1288:Malchiodi, Cathy (June 30, 2014).
1212:
883:I Never Promised You a Rose Garden
25:
3405:
3308:
3172:Sobel, Dava (February 17, 1981).
2602:Dean Keith Simonton (June 2005).
2053:"Bipolar Disorder and Creativity"
1547:The British Journal of Psychiatry
1485:Andreasen, Nancy C. (June 2008).
1145:
851:List of people with schizophrenia
3076:. SpringerBriefs in Psychology.
1791:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.01.005
1684:from the original on 2019-04-28.
1606:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.010
1249:Romeo, Nick (November 9, 2013).
1199:Goodwin, F. and Jamison, K. R.,
1123:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.010
836:Creativity and mental well-being
511:
259:schizotypal personality disorder
126:
34:
3394:Health risks of performing arts
3280:
3247:
3228:
3207:
3165:
3106:
3065:
3010:
2963:
2937:
2888:
2763:
2708:
2663:
2650:
2570:
2527:
2518:
2492:
2445:
2418:
2333:
2280:
2259:
2234:
2220:
2196:
2169:
2160:
2145:
2098:
2063:
2044:
1985:
1938:
1899:
1852:
1805:
1779:Journal of Psychiatric Research
1766:
1731:
1688:
1594:Journal of Psychiatric Research
1478:
1437:
1410:
1400:Individual Differences Research
1391:
1342:
1307:
1281:
1111:Journal of Psychiatric Research
810:Brain imaging and genetic links
684:Some creative people have been
377:Journal of Psychiatric Research
2976:Journal of Affective Disorders
2944:Saltz, Gail (April 16, 2017).
2342:"Schizophrenia and Creativity"
2314:Frey, Angelica (May 3, 2017).
1242:
1233:
1206:
1193:
1101:
1074:
1044:
789:... CEOs of companies such as
566:(1992), clinical psychologist
76:"Creativity and mental health"
62:add the appropriate references
13:
1:
3354:Creativity and mental illness
3035:10.1080/00332747.2020.1777816
2632:Kay Redfield Jamison (1996).
2154:Psychology : 4th edition
1865:Journal of Applied Psychology
1697:Journal of Applied Psychology
1051:Martin Mai, François (2007).
1038:
819:Correlation but not causation
18:Creativity and mental illness
3191:O'Hagan, Sean (2002-01-06).
2721:Journal of Medical Biography
2688:10.5858/2005-129-1457-TEODDA
2499:Sample, Ian (June 8, 2015).
2372:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
1367:10.1016/j.schres.2005.06.016
586:In a 2002 conversation with
155:creativity and mental health
7:
3340:, 2011, 9(1), p 42–53.
3264:(in French). Archived from
2152:R., David G. Myers (1994).
1924:10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.04.001
1740:Creativity Research Journal
1674:"The science of creativity"
1001:
670:
590:, educational psychologist
582:Arguments that support link
334:electroconvulsive treatment
261:than in people with either
47:reliable medical references
10:
3410:
2733:10.1177/096777200401200212
2548:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.499
1877:10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.687
1458:10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.035
1431:10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.014
1081:Goodnick, Paul J. (1998).
848:
515:
433:
249:
196:
3315:The 'Sylvia Plath' effect
3132:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.781961
3082:10.1007/978-3-031-27384-1
2988:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.049
2913:10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.021
2874:10.1016/j.jad.2003.11.012
2809:10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.013
2105:R., Jamison, Kay (1996).
2011:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600837
1830:10.2466/pr0.1988.63.3.895
1773:Simeonova, Diana (2005).
1752:10.1080/10400410701839876
1559:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085316
1328:10.1080/09687590500498143
290:manic-depressive disorder
203:Major depressive disorder
175:major depressive disorder
53:or relies too heavily on
2770:Van Lieburg, MJ (1988).
2109:. Simon & Schuster.
1316:Disability & Society
1274:Andreasen, N.C. (2011),
1201:Manic Depressive Illness
1057:. McGill-Queen's Press.
946:schizoaffective disorder
802:form more freely, as do
764:by Sally Anne Gross and
658:thinking outside the box
332:(who shot himself after
3119:Frontiers in Psychiatry
2190:10.1080/026999399379069
2084:10.1176/ajp.144.10.1288
1998:Frontiers in Psychology
1906:Davis, Mark A. (2009).
1216:De Tranquillitate Animi
385:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3389:Psychological theories
3364:Concepts in aesthetics
3336:by Nancy C Andreasen,
2670:Wolf, Paul L. (2005).
2452:Power, Robert (2015).
1951:Psychological Bulletin
1355:Schizophrenia Research
917:
892:Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
686:posthumously diagnosed
150:
2340:Burton, Neel (2012).
2178:Cognition and Emotion
2051:Burton, Neel (2012).
1818:Psychological Reports
907:
900:somatization disorder
564:Madness and Modernism
552:executive functioning
498:Jean-Claude Van Damme
371:and, to some extent,
140:
27:Concept in psychology
3338:Mens Sana Monographs
3201:Review, the Observer
1648:10.1162/REST_a_00616
758:intervening variable
748:Positive correlation
690:Kay Redfield Jamison
680:Posthumous diagnosis
625:Ludwig van Beethoven
494:Catherine Zeta-Jones
399:Psychological stress
389:Ludwig van Beethoven
310:Kay Redfield Jamison
143:Ludwig van Beethoven
2458:Nature Neuroscience
2156:. Worth Publishers.
1251:"What is a Genius?"
1213:Seneca. "9.17.10".
1033:Sylvia Plath effect
845:Notable individuals
832:(Crabtree et al.).
414:Mood and creativity
298:depressive disorder
3332:2019-08-15 at the
3178:The New York Times
944:, has bipolar and
782:divergent thoughts
588:Christopher Langan
560:Theatre of Cruelty
540:movement disorders
151:
3268:on April 19, 2017
3195:A Boy's Own Story
3091:978-3-031-27384-1
2682:(11): 1457–1464.
2658:Touched with Fire
2643:978-0-684-83183-1
2608:Psychiatric Times
2078:(10): 1288–1292.
1178:978-1-912656-62-2
800:word associations
700:Touched with Fire
665:latent inhibition
558:, founder of the
502:Ronald Braunstein
447:Touched with Fire
302:unipolar disorder
267:prefrontal cortex
135:
134:
111:
16:(Redirected from
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3359:Bipolar disorder
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3302:
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2924:
2907:(Jun 1): 160–4.
2892:
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2857:
2851:
2850:
2837:(in Hungarian).
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2786:
2785:
2767:
2761:
2760:
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2703:
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2661:
2656:Jamison, K. R.,
2654:
2648:
2647:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2610:. Archived from
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2580:. Archived from
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2568:
2567:
2531:
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2522:
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2349:
2346:Psychology Today
2337:
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2302:
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2292:www.nimh.nih.gov
2284:
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2253:
2244:. Archived from
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2217:
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2193:
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2167:
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2057:Psychology Today
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1982:
1963:10.1037/a0012815
1942:
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1728:
1709:10.1037/a0017868
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1475:
1469:
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1452:(5): 1060–1069.
1441:
1435:
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1378:
1361:(2–3): 271–282.
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1294:Psychology Today
1285:
1279:
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1071:
1048:
977:operating system
962:
878:Joanne Greenberg
788:
637:Ernest Hemingway
619:Bipolar disorder
601:bipolar disorder
462:Vincent Van Gogh
436:Bipolar disorder
430:Bipolar disorder
330:Ernest Hemingway
294:bipolar disorder
179:anxiety disorder
163:bipolar disorder
159:mental disorders
147:bipolar disorder
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
38:
37:
30:
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3343:
3334:Wayback Machine
3311:
3306:
3297:
3295:
3292:www.cbsnews.com
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3252:
3248:
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3189:
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3092:
3070:
3066:
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2968:
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2954:
2952:
2942:
2938:
2901:J Affect Disord
2893:
2889:
2868:(1–2): 207–15.
2862:J Affect Disord
2858:
2854:
2831:
2824:
2797:J Affect Disord
2793:
2789:
2782:
2768:
2764:
2713:
2709:
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2698:
2668:
2664:
2655:
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2585:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2532:
2528:
2523:
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2509:
2507:
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2493:
2470:10.1038/nn.4040
2450:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2364:
2353:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
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2294:
2288:"Schizophrenia"
2286:
2285:
2281:
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2264:
2260:
2251:
2249:
2240:
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1900:
1857:
1853:
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1732:
1693:
1689:
1672:Novotney, Amy.
1670:
1663:
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1625:
1621:
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1543:
1536:
1483:
1479:
1463:
1462:
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1343:
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1257:
1255:The Daily Beast
1247:
1243:
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1234:
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1219:
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1198:
1194:
1179:
1169:10.16997/book43
1155:
1146:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1018:Tortured artist
1013:Savant syndrome
1004:
960:
952:Daniel Johnston
861:
847:
838:
821:
812:
804:flight of ideas
786:
774:
766:George Musgrave
750:
682:
673:
653:Robert Schumann
621:
613:Kári Stefánsson
609:deCODE Genetics
584:
520:
514:
438:
432:
416:
361:substance abuse
342:Robert Schumann
288:, particularly
252:
199:
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127:
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55:primary sources
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3309:External links
3307:
3305:
3304:
3294:. May 30, 2019
3279:
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3164:
3105:
3090:
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3029:(4): 328–343.
3009:
2962:
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2887:
2852:
2835:Psychiatr Hung
2822:
2787:
2780:
2762:
2727:(2): 115–120.
2707:
2662:
2649:
2642:
2636:. Free Press.
2624:
2594:
2569:
2542:(3): 499–506.
2526:
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2491:
2464:(7): 953–955.
2444:
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2378:(2): 168–174.
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2184:(6): 741–762.
2168:
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2116:978-0684831831
2115:
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1984:
1957:(6): 779–806.
1937:
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1477:
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1425:(8): 816–821.
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1322:(2): 179–191.
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1094:978-0880487283
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1064:978-0773578791
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1030:
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1015:
1010:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
992:
987:exhibition in
973:Terry A. Davis
970:
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930:Enoch Callaway
918:
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669:
649:Jaco Pastorius
633:Virginia Woolf
620:
617:
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580:
556:Antonin Artaud
528:hallucinations
516:Main article:
513:
510:
490:Jaco Pastorius
434:Main article:
431:
428:
415:
412:
338:Virginia Woolf
326:mood disorders
286:mood disorders
251:
248:
198:
195:
153:Links between
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754:correlation
611:co-founder
544:flat affect
482:cyclothymia
478:Stephen Fry
470:Demi Lovato
393:Franz Liszt
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3374:Creativity
3348:Categories
3298:2020-10-05
3261:Libération
3193:"Feature:
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3023:Psychiatry
2701:2023-09-30
2618:2007-02-20
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2297:2015-11-27
2273:2018-11-07
2252:2019-02-24
2213:2018-11-07
2004:: 600837.
1406:: 272–284.
1039:References
1008:Mad genius
995:Kanye West
896:depression
849:See also:
778:Gail Saltz
724:performers
629:Kanye West
572:modern art
506:Patty Duke
474:Kanye West
240:Lord Byron
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191:creativity
161:including
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712:comedians
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