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star in the 1960s until he settled down to run the cafe alongside Aubrey and his son, Andrew, after Len's death. After Aubrey's death in the 1980s the cafe was run by Andrew and Joey to the end. This cafe suffered an armed robbery on 16 January 2008 and closed in 2009. The building is now occupied by
775:
to serve some of the thousands of workers commuting to the factory. In 1933, a goods yard was built beside the line to bring supplies into the factory and take completed vehicles away. This yard still exists and serves the current vehicle-manufacturing plant, though the railway beyond has long been
1157:
never occurred. Cowley was the site of the Holy
Victory in the War of English Succession (where 'Henry the Abominable' attempted to seize the throne from his nephew Stephen II, resulting in a papal crusade). As a result, it was renamed Coverley and made the ecclesiastical capital of England,
1450:
269:
860:
is also a major employer in Cowley, with premises next to the car factory. In later years Morris Motors and
Pressed Steel became one company. Subsequently the Morris's site was closed down, demolished, and redeveloped as the Oxford Business Park.
552:
in 1928. However, because the settlements of Cowley were situated within the larger Cowley parishes, there are still some modern contexts (such as the Cowley
Fathers mentioned below) when the term "Cowley" is used to refer to other areas in
901:
factory. Morris and the Budd
Company both pulled out of the consortium and the plant became an independent supplier of bodies and tooling to Morris and other car manufacturers across the world. The company also produced the
709:
whose underground protected nuclear bunker at the Cowley site opened in 1965. Parts of the bunker were demolished in 1995, however most of it was refurbished including the air filtration systems. The site now belongs to
1059:
moved to Oxford
Stadium. After a few years Oxford's speedway team were named Oxford Cheetahs, a name they still bear today. Temple Cowley Pools in Temple Road was a public swimming and gymnasium complex run by
852:. But the name "Morris's" is ingrained in local culture and speech habits, particularly amongst older inhabitants. By the early 1970s, over 20,000 people worked in Cowley at the vast Morris Motors and
596:
C of E school, situated on
Beauchamp Lane adjacent to the church, was established in 1834 and continued to operate as a primary school until 1975. Its most famous pupil was William Morris, later
533:. The western portion of the original parish of Cowley was split off and became part of the city of Oxford in 1889, and was given the name of Cowley St John, though today it is often called the
631:. The members were frequently known as the "Cowley Fathers". In 1868 the Eddison and Nodding Company factory was founded in Cowley. John Allen bought it in 1897 and renamed it the Oxford
791:
and moved to the Cowley area to work in Cowley's factories. Large areas of housing were built and rented out to the migrants. Florence Park was one area built in the 1920s for a private
918:
to Cowley, enabling the
Longbridge site to continue to produce all the Rover products. BMW retained ownership of the Cowley plant, formerly Pressed Steel, to build the all-new
799:
and forced the landlord to make repairs. Most
Florence Park houses are now owner-occupied, and the area's tree-lined roads are now a popular neighbourhood in which to live. In
714:
who built student accommodation on the site, and now use the former bunker as a storage facility making it the only student halls in the country with its own nuclear shelter.
635:
Company. He later renamed it again as John Allen and Sons, and diversified into manufacturing other agricultural and horticultural machinery including the successful
643:
petrol engine. The works closed in the early 1980s, and the
Templars Shopping Park formerly known as John Allen Centre retail park has since been built on the site.
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Road. Although Morris started his original work on the outskirts of the city the Cowley site quickly became the production site for high volume production.
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It was the original base of Morris cars when the marque was founded in 1912, and production continued at the factory until 1982, with models including the
2027:
1064:
City
Council which closed in December 2014 for redevelopment as housing. Its main pool was 25 metres long. It was built on the site of part of a former
686:
293:
363:
2006:
2068:
755:. He expanded into "The Old Tin Shed" in 1914 and then into a huge complex of purpose-built production lines in Cowley, as Morris pioneered
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2001:
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317:
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shopping center (previously it had been known as "Cowley Centre", and sometimes still is). In the same decade the railway between
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workers in the past. It was founded decades ago by Reginald Johnson and until its final day its interior was decorated with bold
255:
1552:
608:
is named after him located in the nearby Templar Square shopping centre. Another well-known pupil of the school was the actress
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was built through Cowley, but at this time the village was so small that the railway company did not provide it with a station.
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1996:
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closed, but the track between Kennington Junction and Cowley remains open for freight in and out of the car factory.
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to rent to new workers. The houses looked nice but they were poorly built and maintained, until the tenants held a
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bus garage. Cowley coalesced from the former villages of Middle Cowley, Temple Cowley and Church Cowley (around
807:
training aeroplanes for the war effort and there was also the No 1 Metal and Produce Recovery Depot run by the
2034:
1515:
922:
that was launched in the spring of 2001. It has been the best selling car to be built at the plant since the
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121:
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was added in 1877. The Oxford Military College closed in 1896, developed from 1912 by William Morris as the
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and the Princess Range. Production continued with the facility totally given over to production of the
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and name changes, "Morris's" is still often used as the name of the car factory to this day. In 1952,
604:
which was the source of a great deal of local employment leading to substantial growth in the area. A
1978:
1938:
1928:
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833:
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in the parish of Cowley. SSJE was the first long-lasting Anglican religious order for men since the
565:
times, and a 16th-century manor house stood on Oxford Road near the corner with Hollow Way. In 1139,
350:
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221:
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buildings was redeveloped in the late 1990s into housing. The business park has attracted a large
811:
to handle crashed or damaged aircraft and even the wreckage of enemy aircraft was processed here.
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1822:
1718:
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stated that he had found the "Alabama of Britain" whilst attending a radio interview in Cowley.
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Athletic & Social Club in nearby Crescent Road has a large sports ground and club house.
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in the 1980s. The Morris Motors factory expanded with factory complexes on both sides of the
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From the 1920s through to the 1960s, Cowley expanded into a huge industrial centre. In the
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sites were flattened and a technology park has since been created on the site. The former
8:
1943:
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employing more than 4,300 people. The plant was set up in 1926 by a consortium including
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The term Cowley today usually refers to the remainder of Cowley (the parish of Cowley
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and has been extensively redeveloped. It remains the largest industrial employer in
1807:
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had a population of 2790. On 1 April 1929 the parish was abolished and merged with
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bought the former Cowley Middle Class School in 1876. The College hall, a former
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centre and offices of numerous companies including the European headquarters of
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969:
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927:
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in the event of a nuclear attack on the UK and was disbanded at the end of the
438:
1192:
Young detective Endeavour Morse is based at Cowley Road police station in the
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cars. The Morris marque was not abandoned until 1984 when production of the
697:
Road, Cowley. The UKWMO was the organisation responsible for initiating the
548:
where the original Cowley villages stood), which became part of the city of
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670:. During the 1960s, the centre of Cowley was demolished and replaced with
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across fields to the east. Internationally, Cowley is best known for its
1933:
1923:
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Cowley is referenced in the lyrics of the song "Zorbing" by the British
1911:
1869:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1713:
1583:
1531:
1240:
1182:
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1016:
993:
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509:. A road called Roman Way follows part of its route. It is behind the
1859:
1827:
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1115:
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1471:
705:. Co-located with HQUKWMO was the Headquarters of No 3 Oxford Group
30:
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446:
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finished. The factory then became the production facility for the
1723:
1539:: A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred
1248:: A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred
1080:
894:
870:
857:
577:
which was built on its grounds in the 19th century. In 1864, the
213:
1165:
On his 1992 tour of England (heard on the posthumously released
457:
industry - historically it was the home of the car manufacturer
1973:
1760:
1625:
1159:
1061:
931:
825:
752:
655:
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runs north-south along the eastern edge of Cowley. It linked a
426:
236:
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1023:. Cowley is an ethnically diverse community, with significant
1812:
1103:
1071:
Opposite the site of the former pool is the band hall of the
1020:
411:
919:
1110:
stars. Reginald's sons Aubrey and Len took over after the
985:
878:
849:
417:
689:(UKWMO) was located in a converted barracks building at
1098:
factory, stood Johnson's Café, which fed thousands of
330:
1330:"Relationships and changes Cowley CP/AP through time"
408:
414:
2028:
List of parliamentary constituencies in Oxfordshire
405:
1019:and the headquarters of international aid charity
687:United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation
1305:"Population statistics Cowley CP/AP through time"
821:based on sketches he made of the recovery depot.
2055:
1189:: "Been Zorbing through the streets of Cowley".
1047:Cowley has a strong sporting tradition. In 1938
739:The Cowley area was transformed after 1912 when
529:of Cowley covered much of the area now known as
1545:
1482:
685:Between 1980 and 1992 the headquarters of the
1609:
1114:. Len's son Joe Johnson was an international
848:and since 2001 the factory has been owned by
1666:Oxford West and Abingdon County Constituency
1075:and next door to it stands Cowley Library,.
537:area, after the road across the fields from
1143:Cowley is a principal setting in the novel
654:, was built in the early 17th century. The
1616:
1602:
1153:, set in an alternative reality where the
425:) is a residential and industrial area in
1374:"Oxford City Council Cowley Ward Profile"
1266:Queens Consort, England's Medieval Queens
992:in 2000 and Rover 75 production moved to
481:The Cowley area has been inhabited since
1038:
557:outside of Cowley proper. Cowley was a
2056:
1623:
1260:
840:, in the 1980s the group was known as
658:of 1870 was designed by the architect
2042:List of civil parishes in Oxfordshire
1597:
1530:
1239:
1138:
1034:
2069:Former civil parishes in Oxfordshire
980:. These models were replaced by the
751:into it from its former premises in
1483:The Page Turner (16 January 2008).
569:founded Temple Cowley here for the
513:car factory, starting opposite the
433:, England. Cowley's neighbours are
13:
1332:. A Vision of Britain through Time
1171:album), the comedian and satirist
1158:surpassing the secular capital of
1119:Oxford Spin & Fitness centre.
614:Society of St. John the Evangelist
14:
2080:
1577:
1516:Bill Hicks "Salvation" on YouTube
1207:
1043:Speedway racing at Cowley in 1980
906:refrigerators. When BMW sold the
803:the Morris factory produced many
445:to the north and the villages of
1883:
1659:Oxford East Borough Constituency
1309:A Vision of Britain through Time
914:site and transfer the Mini from
728:
401:
83:
76:
53:
46:
29:
2002:Oxfordshire County Constituency
1509:
1476:
1465:
1439:
1421:
1410:
1127:Schools serving Cowley include
1051:was built to host the sport of
864:
783:many people left areas of high
662:. An east wing designed by Sir
573:. The house became part of the
2007:Oxford University Constituency
1428:Closure of Temple Cowley Pools
1392:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1322:
1297:
1286:
1254:
1232:
469:), which has now evolved into
84:
54:
1:
2035:List of places in Oxfordshire
1226:
1216:, writer, born April 21, 1901
1122:
809:Civilian Repair Organisation
525:church), though the ancient
7:
1997:Oxford Borough Constituency
1293:ROC HQ locations and photos
824:Despite successive company
767:, which had taken over the
122:OS grid reference
18:Human settlement in England
10:
2085:
1523:
1129:Greyfriars Catholic School
1073:City of Oxford Silver Band
1004:site including the former
910:they decide to retain the
836:(BMC), in 1968 BMC became
771:, opened a station called
732:
476:
2015:
1987:
1979:Headington Rural District
1964:
1929:Risinghurst and Sandhills
1892:
1881:
1675:
1632:
1270:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
1077:Oxfordshire Record Office
834:British Motor Corporation
712:Oxford Brookes University
336:
326:
308:
304:
292:
280:
268:
264:
254:
242:
230:
220:
206:
188:
170:
152:
136:
120:
112:
40:
28:
23:
1974:County Borough of Oxford
1645:County Council elections
1553:The Buildings of England
1162:in terms of importance.
897:and was adjacent to the
1537:Victoria County History
1362:Bennett Crescent Oxford
1246:Victoria County History
1006:Oxford Military College
960:and development of the
805:de Havilland Tiger Moth
745:Oxford Military College
648:Oxford Military College
575:Oxford Military College
103:Show map of Oxfordshire
1652:City Council elections
1485:"Armed gang raid cafe"
1155:Protestant Reformation
1044:
844:, in the 1990s it was
815:was inspired to paint
244:Postcode district
1133:Oxford Spires Academy
1042:
765:Great Western Railway
749:Morris Motors Limited
664:Thomas Graham Jackson
461:(later absorbed into
1796:Central North Oxford
1561:. pp. 340–344.
1546:Sherwood, Jennifer;
1079:occupies the former
912:Pressed Steel Fisher
877:and is now owned by
854:Pressed Steel Fisher
723:St Giles and St John
707:Royal Observer Corps
660:Edward George Bruton
541:to Cowley villages.
495:Dorchester-on-Thames
222:Sovereign state
1833:St John Street area
1094:Road, opposite the
1057:motorcycle speedway
1010:David Lloyd Leisure
832:became part of the
699:four-minute warning
639:powered by a small
623:, was founded near
567:Matilda of Boulogne
429:, in the county of
375: /
1447:"Library services"
1433:2015-02-25 at the
1404:2006-04-24 at the
1139:In popular culture
1083:'s church nearby.
1045:
1035:Sports and leisure
984:in late 1998, but
873:is known today as
743:bought the former
676:Princes Risborough
310:UK Parliament
256:Dialling code
67:Show map of Oxford
2051:
2050:
1949:Headington Quarry
1557:. Harmondsworth:
1548:Pevsner, Nikolaus
1541:. pp. 76–96.
1279:978-0-7538-2611-9
1250:. pp. 76–96.
618:Church of England
610:Dame Maggie Smith
394:
393:
172:Shire county
2076:
1887:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1572:
1542:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1453:on 28 April 2006
1449:. Archived from
1443:
1437:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1399:Greyhound racing
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:on 27 March 2019
1376:. Archived from
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1359:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1301:
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1290:
1284:
1283:
1258:
1252:
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1236:
1112:Second World War
1053:greyhound racing
955:Longbridge-built
781:Great Depression
485:. The line of a
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
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410:
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390:
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380:
379:51.733°N 1.215°W
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371:
368:
342:
216:
132:
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104:
97:Location within
87:
86:
80:
68:
57:
56:
50:
35:St James' Church
33:
21:
20:
2084:
2083:
2079:
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2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2064:Areas of Oxford
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2011:
1989:
1983:
1966:
1965:Former district
1960:
1888:
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1739:Headington Hill
1679:
1677:
1676:Wards, suburbs,
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1622:
1580:
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1526:
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1514:
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1445:
1444:
1440:
1435:Wayback Machine
1426:
1422:
1417:Oxford Cheetahs
1415:
1411:
1406:Wayback Machine
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1214:Gladys Mitchell
1210:
1195:Inspector Morse
1141:
1125:
1066:Knights Templar
1037:
1014:Harley-Davidson
996:. The original
951:Wolseley Motors
867:
838:British Leyland
769:Wycombe Railway
763:in the UK. The
761:mass production
737:
731:
691:Cowley Barracks
621:religious order
579:Wycombe Railway
571:Knights Templar
479:
463:British Leyland
404:
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2016:
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1993:
1991:
1990:constituencies
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1936:
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1900:Blackbird Leys
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1893:Civil parishes
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1749:Old Headington
1746:
1744:New Headington
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1726:
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1678:neighbourhoods
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1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:Cowley Library
1586:
1579:
1578:External links
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1543:
1534:, ed. (1957).
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1438:
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1409:
1391:
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1354:
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1296:
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1278:
1272:. p. 86.
1253:
1243:, ed. (1957).
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:, musical band
1217:
1209:
1208:Notable people
1206:
1146:The Alteration
1140:
1137:
1124:
1121:
1090:Until 2009 on
1049:Oxford Stadium
1036:
1033:
1002:Nuffield Press
887:William Morris
866:
863:
741:William Morris
733:Main article:
730:
727:
672:Templas Square
612:. In 1866 the
600:, who founded
499:Roman military
478:
475:
441:to the south,
439:Blackbird Leys
392:
391:
384:51.733; -1.215
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:List of places
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1559:Penguin Books
1556:
1555:: Oxfordshire
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2021:Coat of arms
2019:
1905:Greater Leys
1865:Walton Manor
1850:Science Area
1823:St Clement's
1791:North Oxford
1786:Norham Manor
1706:
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1636:
1624:The City of
1551:
1535:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1488:
1478:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:the original
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1423:
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1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:the original
1368:
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1334:. Retrieved
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1299:
1288:
1265:
1262:Hilton, Lisa
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998:Morris Motor
939:Morris Minor
936:
891:Budd Company
875:Plant Oxford
868:
865:Cowley today
842:Austin Rover
823:
816:
801:World War II
785:unemployment
778:
738:
735:Plant Oxford
719:civil parish
717:In 1921 the
716:
684:
668:Cowley plant
645:
637:Allen Scythe
633:Steam Plough
606:public house
591:
583:High Wycombe
543:
480:
396:
395:
138:Civil parish
116:16,500
15:
1967:and borough
1934:Risinghurst
1924:Old Marston
1838:St. Thomas'
1818:Port Meadow
1781:New Marston
1776:New Hinksey
1638:Oxfordshire
1497:Oxfordshire
1490:Oxford Mail
1180:alternative
1029:South Asian
1017:Motorcycles
990:Rover Group
958:Morris Ital
947:Riley Motor
908:Rover Group
883:Oxfordshire
846:Rover Group
797:rent strike
789:South Wales
695:James Wolfe
652:manor house
629:Reformation
625:Cowley Road
555:East Oxford
535:Cowley Road
531:East Oxford
519:Oxfordshire
483:Roman times
467:Rover Group
465:, then the
431:Oxfordshire
382: /
356:Oxfordshire
331:Cowley News
318:Oxford East
287:Oxfordshire
180:Oxfordshire
99:Oxfordshire
2058:Categories
1912:Littlemore
1870:Wolvercote
1855:Summertown
1771:New Botley
1734:Headington
1719:Donnington
1714:Cutteslowe
1501:15 January
1268:. London:
1227:References
1183:indie folk
1173:Bill Hicks
1092:Watlington
1055:. In 1939
994:Longbridge
916:Longbridge
818:Totes Meer
757:Henry Ford
747:and moved
515:Stagecoach
487:Roman road
455:automotive
451:Garsington
443:Headington
367:51°43′59″N
198:South East
145:unparished
113:Population
1954:Wood Farm
1939:Sandhills
1917:Rose Hill
1875:Waterways
1860:Sunnymead
1828:St. Ebbes
1801:Park Town
1729:Grandpont
1495:Newsquest
1220:Stornoway
1201:Endeavour
1187:Stornoway
1123:Education
1116:motocross
1106:of early
978:Rover 800
974:Rover 600
904:Prestcold
813:Paul Nash
503:Alchester
435:Rose Hill
370:1°12′54″W
294:Ambulance
232:Post town
1808:Northway
1756:Holywell
1550:(1974).
1431:Archived
1402:Archived
1384:27 March
1351:BBC News
1264:(2008).
1198:prequel
1108:speedway
1068:estate.
1021:Oxfam GB
982:Rover 75
889:and the
869:The car
856:plants.
793:landlord
787:such as
776:lifted.
703:Cold War
641:Villiers
594:St James
581:between
563:Medieval
546:St James
523:St James
507:Bicester
501:camp at
493:town at
447:Horspath
154:District
129:SP543040
1766:Jericho
1724:Godstow
1524:Sources
1457:11 July
1336:6 April
1314:6 April
1081:St Luke
970:Montego
966:Maestro
928:Montego
924:Maestro
895:America
871:factory
858:Unipart
826:mergers
759:-style
592:Cowley
497:with a
477:History
351:England
327:Website
214:England
208:Country
1988:Former
1944:Barton
1843:Oxpens
1761:Iffley
1697:Cowley
1692:Binsey
1687:Barton
1626:Oxford
1565:
1276:
1160:London
1104:murals
1062:Oxford
932:Oxford
753:Oxford
680:Oxford
656:Chapel
587:Oxford
550:Oxford
539:Oxford
527:parish
459:Morris
427:Oxford
397:Cowley
270:Police
237:Oxford
190:Region
162:Oxford
91:Cowley
61:Cowley
24:Cowley
1813:Osney
1185:band
1025:black
561:from
559:manor
505:near
491:Roman
260:01865
1563:ISBN
1503:2010
1459:2019
1386:2019
1338:2024
1316:2024
1274:ISBN
1131:and
1096:Mini
1027:and
976:and
949:and
926:and
920:Mini
678:and
646:The
616:, a
585:and
511:Mini
471:Mini
449:and
437:and
282:Fire
1149:by
986:BMW
893:of
879:BMW
850:BMW
693:on
517:in
249:OX4
2060::
1493:.
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968:,
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412:aʊ
346:UK
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1238:*
421:/
418:ɪ
415:l
409:k
406:ˈ
403:/
399:(
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