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star in the 1960s until he settled down to run the cafe alongside Aubrey and his son, Andrew, after Len's death. After Aubrey's death in the 1980s the cafe was run by Andrew and Joey to the end. This cafe suffered an armed robbery on 16 January 2008 and closed in 2009. The building is now occupied by
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to serve some of the thousands of workers commuting to the factory. In 1933, a goods yard was built beside the line to bring supplies into the factory and take completed vehicles away. This yard still exists and serves the current vehicle-manufacturing plant, though the railway beyond has long been
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never occurred. Cowley was the site of the Holy
Victory in the War of English Succession (where 'Henry the Abominable' attempted to seize the throne from his nephew Stephen II, resulting in a papal crusade). As a result, it was renamed Coverley and made the ecclesiastical capital of England,
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280:
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is also a major employer in Cowley, with premises next to the car factory. In later years Morris Motors and
Pressed Steel became one company. Subsequently the Morris's site was closed down, demolished, and redeveloped as the Oxford Business Park.
563:
in 1928. However, because the settlements of Cowley were situated within the larger Cowley parishes, there are still some modern contexts (such as the Cowley
Fathers mentioned below) when the term "Cowley" is used to refer to other areas in
912:
factory. Morris and the Budd
Company both pulled out of the consortium and the plant became an independent supplier of bodies and tooling to Morris and other car manufacturers across the world. The company also produced the
720:
whose underground protected nuclear bunker at the Cowley site opened in 1965. Parts of the bunker were demolished in 1995, however most of it was refurbished including the air filtration systems. The site now belongs to
1070:
moved to Oxford
Stadium. After a few years Oxford's speedway team were named Oxford Cheetahs, a name they still bear today. Temple Cowley Pools in Temple Road was a public swimming and gymnasium complex run by
863:. But the name "Morris's" is ingrained in local culture and speech habits, particularly amongst older inhabitants. By the early 1970s, over 20,000 people worked in Cowley at the vast Morris Motors and
607:
C of E school, situated on
Beauchamp Lane adjacent to the church, was established in 1834 and continued to operate as a primary school until 1975. Its most famous pupil was William Morris, later
544:. The western portion of the original parish of Cowley was split off and became part of the city of Oxford in 1889, and was given the name of Cowley St John, though today it is often called the
642:. The members were frequently known as the "Cowley Fathers". In 1868 the Eddison and Nodding Company factory was founded in Cowley. John Allen bought it in 1897 and renamed it the Oxford
802:
and moved to the Cowley area to work in Cowley's factories. Large areas of housing were built and rented out to the migrants. Florence Park was one area built in the 1920s for a private
929:
to Cowley, enabling the
Longbridge site to continue to produce all the Rover products. BMW retained ownership of the Cowley plant, formerly Pressed Steel, to build the all-new
810:
and forced the landlord to make repairs. Most
Florence Park houses are now owner-occupied, and the area's tree-lined roads are now a popular neighbourhood in which to live. In
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who built student accommodation on the site, and now use the former bunker as a storage facility making it the only student halls in the country with its own nuclear shelter.
646:
Company. He later renamed it again as John Allen and Sons, and diversified into manufacturing other agricultural and horticultural machinery including the successful
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petrol engine. The works closed in the early 1980s, and the
Templars Shopping Park formerly known as John Allen Centre retail park has since been built on the site.
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Road. Although Morris started his original work on the outskirts of the city the Cowley site quickly became the production site for high volume production.
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It was the original base of Morris cars when the marque was founded in 1912, and production continued at the factory until 1982, with models including the
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City
Council which closed in December 2014 for redevelopment as housing. Its main pool was 25 metres long. It was built on the site of part of a former
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304:
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2017:
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766:. He expanded into "The Old Tin Shed" in 1914 and then into a huge complex of purpose-built production lines in Cowley, as Morris pioneered
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2012:
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shopping center (previously it had been known as "Cowley Centre", and sometimes still is). In the same decade the railway between
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workers in the past. It was founded decades ago by Reginald Johnson and until its final day its interior was decorated with bold
266:
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is named after him located in the nearby Templar Square shopping centre. Another well-known pupil of the school was the actress
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was built through Cowley, but at this time the village was so small that the railway company did not provide it with a station.
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closed, but the track between Kennington Junction and Cowley remains open for freight in and out of the car factory.
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to rent to new workers. The houses looked nice but they were poorly built and maintained, until the tenants held a
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bus garage. Cowley coalesced from the former villages of Middle Cowley, Temple Cowley and Church Cowley (around
818:
training aeroplanes for the war effort and there was also the No 1 Metal and Produce Recovery Depot run by the
17:
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that was launched in the spring of 2001. It has been the best selling car to be built at the plant since the
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was added in 1877. The Oxford Military College closed in 1896, developed from 1912 by William Morris as the
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and the Princess Range. Production continued with the facility totally given over to production of the
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and name changes, "Morris's" is still often used as the name of the car factory to this day. In 1952,
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which was the source of a great deal of local employment leading to substantial growth in the area. A
1989:
1949:
1939:
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in the parish of Cowley. SSJE was the first long-lasting Anglican religious order for men since the
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times, and a 16th-century manor house stood on Oxford Road near the corner with Hollow Way. In 1139,
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buildings was redeveloped in the late 1990s into housing. The business park has attracted a large
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to handle crashed or damaged aircraft and even the wreckage of enemy aircraft was processed here.
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1833:
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stated that he had found the "Alabama of Britain" whilst attending a radio interview in Cowley.
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Athletic & Social Club in nearby Crescent Road has a large sports ground and club house.
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in the 1980s. The Morris Motors factory expanded with factory complexes on both sides of the
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From the 1920s through to the 1960s, Cowley expanded into a huge industrial centre. In the
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sites were flattened and a technology park has since been created on the site. The former
8:
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employing more than 4,300 people. The plant was set up in 1926 by a consortium including
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The term Cowley today usually refers to the remainder of Cowley (the parish of Cowley
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and has been extensively redeveloped. It remains the largest industrial employer in
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had a population of 2790. On 1 April 1929 the parish was abolished and merged with
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bought the former Cowley Middle Class School in 1876. The College hall, a former
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centre and offices of numerous companies including the European headquarters of
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in the event of a nuclear attack on the UK and was disbanded at the end of the
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1203:
Young detective Endeavour Morse is based at Cowley Road police station in the
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cars. The Morris marque was not abandoned until 1984 when production of the
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Road, Cowley. The UKWMO was the organisation responsible for initiating the
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where the original Cowley villages stood), which became part of the city of
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681:. During the 1960s, the centre of Cowley was demolished and replaced with
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across fields to the east. Internationally, Cowley is best known for its
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Cowley is referenced in the lyrics of the song "Zorbing" by the British
1922:
1880:
1759:
1754:
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1724:
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520:. A road called Roman Way follows part of its route. It is behind the
1870:
1838:
1739:
1604:
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242:
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716:. Co-located with HQUKWMO was the Headquarters of No 3 Oxford Group
41:
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992:
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finished. The factory then became the production facility for the
1734:
1550:: A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred
1259:: A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 5: Bullingdon Hundred
1091:
905:
881:
868:
588:
which was built on its grounds in the 19th century. In 1864, the
224:
1176:
On his 1992 tour of England (heard on the posthumously released
468:
industry - historically it was the home of the car manufacturer
1984:
1771:
1636:
1170:
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runs north-south along the eastern edge of Cowley. It linked a
437:
247:
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1034:. Cowley is an ethnically diverse community, with significant
1823:
1114:
1082:
Opposite the site of the former pool is the band hall of the
1031:
422:
930:
1121:
stars. Reginald's sons Aubrey and Len took over after the
996:
889:
860:
428:
700:(UKWMO) was located in a converted barracks building at
1109:
factory, stood Johnson's Café, which fed thousands of
341:
1341:"Relationships and changes Cowley CP/AP through time"
419:
425:
2039:
List of parliamentary constituencies in Oxfordshire
416:
1030:and the headquarters of international aid charity
698:United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation
1316:"Population statistics Cowley CP/AP through time"
832:based on sketches he made of the recovery depot.
2066:
1200:: "Been Zorbing through the streets of Cowley".
1058:Cowley has a strong sporting tradition. In 1938
750:The Cowley area was transformed after 1912 when
540:of Cowley covered much of the area now known as
1556:
1493:
696:Between 1980 and 1992 the headquarters of the
1620:
1125:. Len's son Joe Johnson was an international
859:and since 2001 the factory has been owned by
1677:Oxford West and Abingdon County Constituency
1086:and next door to it stands Cowley Library,.
548:area, after the road across the fields from
1154:Cowley is a principal setting in the novel
665:, was built in the early 17th century. The
1627:
1613:
1164:, set in an alternative reality where the
436:) is a residential and industrial area in
1385:"Oxford City Council Cowley Ward Profile"
1277:Queens Consort, England's Medieval Queens
1003:in 2000 and Rover 75 production moved to
492:The Cowley area has been inhabited since
1049:
568:outside of Cowley proper. Cowley was a
14:
2067:
1634:
1271:
851:, in the 1980s the group was known as
669:of 1870 was designed by the architect
2053:List of civil parishes in Oxfordshire
1608:
1541:
1250:
1149:
1045:
2080:Former civil parishes in Oxfordshire
991:. These models were replaced by the
762:into it from its former premises in
1494:The Page Turner (16 January 2008).
580:founded Temple Cowley here for the
524:car factory, starting opposite the
444:, England. Cowley's neighbours are
24:
1343:. A Vision of Britain through Time
1182:album), the comedian and satirist
1169:surpassing the secular capital of
1130:Oxford Spin & Fitness centre.
625:Society of St. John the Evangelist
25:
2091:
1588:
1527:Bill Hicks "Salvation" on YouTube
1218:
1054:Speedway racing at Cowley in 1980
917:refrigerators. When BMW sold the
814:the Morris factory produced many
456:to the north and the villages of
1894:
1670:Oxford East Borough Constituency
1320:A Vision of Britain through Time
925:site and transfer the Mini from
739:
412:
94:
87:
64:
57:
40:
2013:Oxfordshire County Constituency
1520:
1487:
1476:
1450:
1432:
1421:
1138:Schools serving Cowley include
1062:was built to host the sport of
875:
794:many people left areas of high
673:. An east wing designed by Sir
584:. The house became part of the
2018:Oxford University Constituency
1439:Closure of Temple Cowley Pools
1403:
1377:
1366:
1355:
1333:
1308:
1297:
1265:
1243:
480:), which has now evolved into
95:
65:
13:
1:
2046:List of places in Oxfordshire
1237:
1227:, writer, born April 21, 1901
1133:
820:Civilian Repair Organisation
536:church), though the ancient
7:
2008:Oxford Borough Constituency
1304:ROC HQ locations and photos
835:Despite successive company
778:, which had taken over the
133:OS grid reference
29:Human settlement in England
10:
2096:
1534:
1140:Greyfriars Catholic School
1084:City of Oxford Silver Band
1015:site including the former
921:they decide to retain the
847:(BMC), in 1968 BMC became
782:, opened a station called
743:
487:
2026:
1998:
1990:Headington Rural District
1975:
1940:Risinghurst and Sandhills
1903:
1892:
1686:
1643:
1281:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
1088:Oxfordshire Record Office
845:British Motor Corporation
723:Oxford Brookes University
347:
337:
319:
315:
303:
291:
279:
275:
265:
253:
241:
231:
217:
199:
181:
163:
147:
131:
123:
51:
39:
34:
1985:County Borough of Oxford
1656:County Council elections
1564:The Buildings of England
1173:in terms of importance.
908:and was adjacent to the
1548:Victoria County History
1373:Bennett Crescent Oxford
1257:Victoria County History
1017:Oxford Military College
971:and development of the
816:de Havilland Tiger Moth
756:Oxford Military College
659:Oxford Military College
586:Oxford Military College
114:Show map of Oxfordshire
1663:City Council elections
1496:"Armed gang raid cafe"
1166:Protestant Reformation
1055:
855:, in the 1990s it was
826:was inspired to paint
255:Postcode district
1144:Oxford Spires Academy
1053:
776:Great Western Railway
760:Morris Motors Limited
675:Thomas Graham Jackson
472:(later absorbed into
1807:Central North Oxford
1572:. pp. 340–344.
1557:Sherwood, Jennifer;
1090:occupies the former
923:Pressed Steel Fisher
888:and is now owned by
865:Pressed Steel Fisher
734:St Giles and St John
718:Royal Observer Corps
671:Edward George Bruton
552:to Cowley villages.
506:Dorchester-on-Thames
233:Sovereign state
1844:St John Street area
1105:Road, opposite the
1068:motorcycle speedway
1021:David Lloyd Leisure
843:became part of the
710:four-minute warning
650:powered by a small
634:, was founded near
578:Matilda of Boulogne
440:, in the county of
386: /
1458:"Library services"
1444:2015-02-25 at the
1415:2006-04-24 at the
1150:In popular culture
1094:'s church nearby.
1056:
1046:Sports and leisure
995:in late 1998, but
884:is known today as
754:bought the former
687:Princes Risborough
321:UK Parliament
267:Dialling code
78:Show map of Oxford
2062:
2061:
1960:Headington Quarry
1568:. Harmondsworth:
1559:Pevsner, Nikolaus
1552:. pp. 76–96.
1290:978-0-7538-2611-9
1261:. pp. 76–96.
629:Church of England
621:Dame Maggie Smith
405:
404:
183:Shire county
16:(Redirected from
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1898:
1629:
1622:
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1485:
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1474:
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1471:
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1464:on 28 April 2006
1460:. Archived from
1454:
1448:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1410:Greyhound racing
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1391:on 27 March 2019
1387:. Archived from
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1337:
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1330:
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1123:Second World War
1064:greyhound racing
966:Longbridge-built
792:Great Depression
496:. The line of a
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390:51.733°N 1.215°W
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108:Location within
98:
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46:St James' Church
44:
32:
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21:
2095:
2094:
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2075:Areas of Oxford
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2064:
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2022:
2000:
1994:
1977:
1976:Former district
1971:
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1750:Headington Hill
1690:
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1687:Wards, suburbs,
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1446:Wayback Machine
1437:
1433:
1428:Oxford Cheetahs
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1417:Wayback Machine
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1225:Gladys Mitchell
1221:
1206:Inspector Morse
1152:
1136:
1077:Knights Templar
1048:
1025:Harley-Davidson
1007:. The original
962:Wolseley Motors
878:
849:British Leyland
780:Wycombe Railway
774:in the UK. The
772:mass production
748:
742:
702:Cowley Barracks
632:religious order
590:Wycombe Railway
582:Knights Templar
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474:British Leyland
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2001:constituencies
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1911:Blackbird Leys
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1904:Civil parishes
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1760:Old Headington
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1755:New Headington
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1600:Cowley Library
1597:
1590:
1589:External links
1587:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1554:
1545:, ed. (1957).
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1402:
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1296:
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1283:. p. 86.
1264:
1254:, ed. (1957).
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1233:, musical band
1228:
1220:
1219:Notable people
1217:
1157:The Alteration
1151:
1148:
1135:
1132:
1101:Until 2009 on
1060:Oxford Stadium
1047:
1044:
1013:Nuffield Press
898:William Morris
877:
874:
752:William Morris
744:Main article:
741:
738:
683:Templas Square
623:. In 1866 the
611:, who founded
510:Roman military
489:
486:
452:to the south,
450:Blackbird Leys
403:
402:
395:51.733; -1.215
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
352:List of places
348:
345:
344:
339:
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334:
332:
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1570:Penguin Books
1567:
1566:: Oxfordshire
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2030:
1916:Greater Leys
1876:Walton Manor
1861:Science Area
1834:St Clement's
1802:North Oxford
1797:Norham Manor
1717:
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1654:
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1635:The City of
1562:
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1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1499:
1489:
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1466:. Retrieved
1462:the original
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1434:
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1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
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1345:. Retrieved
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1310:
1299:
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1273:Hilton, Lisa
1267:
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1009:Morris Motor
950:Morris Minor
947:
902:Budd Company
886:Plant Oxford
879:
876:Cowley today
853:Austin Rover
834:
827:
812:World War II
796:unemployment
789:
749:
746:Plant Oxford
730:civil parish
728:In 1921 the
727:
695:
679:Cowley plant
656:
648:Allen Scythe
644:Steam Plough
617:public house
602:
594:High Wycombe
554:
491:
407:
406:
149:Civil parish
127:16,500
26:
1978:and borough
1945:Risinghurst
1935:Old Marston
1849:St. Thomas'
1829:Port Meadow
1792:New Marston
1787:New Hinksey
1649:Oxfordshire
1508:Oxfordshire
1501:Oxford Mail
1191:alternative
1040:South Asian
1028:Motorcycles
1001:Rover Group
969:Morris Ital
958:Riley Motor
919:Rover Group
894:Oxfordshire
857:Rover Group
808:rent strike
800:South Wales
706:James Wolfe
663:manor house
640:Reformation
636:Cowley Road
566:East Oxford
546:Cowley Road
542:East Oxford
530:Oxfordshire
494:Roman times
478:Rover Group
476:, then the
442:Oxfordshire
393: /
367:Oxfordshire
342:Cowley News
329:Oxford East
298:Oxfordshire
191:Oxfordshire
110:Oxfordshire
2069:Categories
1923:Littlemore
1881:Wolvercote
1866:Summertown
1782:New Botley
1745:Headington
1730:Donnington
1725:Cutteslowe
1512:15 January
1279:. London:
1238:References
1194:indie folk
1184:Bill Hicks
1103:Watlington
1066:. In 1939
1005:Longbridge
927:Longbridge
829:Totes Meer
768:Henry Ford
758:and moved
526:Stagecoach
498:Roman road
466:automotive
462:Garsington
454:Headington
378:51°43′59″N
209:South East
156:unparished
124:Population
1965:Wood Farm
1950:Sandhills
1928:Rose Hill
1886:Waterways
1871:Sunnymead
1839:St. Ebbes
1812:Park Town
1740:Grandpont
1506:Newsquest
1231:Stornoway
1212:Endeavour
1198:Stornoway
1134:Education
1127:motocross
1117:of early
989:Rover 800
985:Rover 600
915:Prestcold
824:Paul Nash
514:Alchester
446:Rose Hill
381:1°12′54″W
305:Ambulance
243:Post town
1819:Northway
1767:Holywell
1561:(1974).
1442:Archived
1413:Archived
1395:27 March
1362:BBC News
1275:(2008).
1209:prequel
1119:speedway
1079:estate.
1032:Oxfam GB
993:Rover 75
900:and the
880:The car
867:plants.
804:landlord
798:such as
787:lifted.
714:Cold War
652:Villiers
605:St James
592:between
574:Medieval
557:St James
534:St James
518:Bicester
512:camp at
504:town at
458:Horspath
165:District
140:SP543040
1777:Jericho
1735:Godstow
1535:Sources
1468:11 July
1347:6 April
1325:6 April
1092:St Luke
981:Montego
977:Maestro
939:Montego
935:Maestro
906:America
882:factory
869:Unipart
837:mergers
770:-style
603:Cowley
508:with a
488:History
362:England
338:Website
225:England
219:Country
1999:Former
1955:Barton
1854:Oxpens
1772:Iffley
1708:Cowley
1703:Binsey
1698:Barton
1637:Oxford
1576:
1287:
1171:London
1115:murals
1073:Oxford
943:Oxford
764:Oxford
691:Oxford
667:Chapel
598:Oxford
561:Oxford
550:Oxford
538:parish
470:Morris
438:Oxford
408:Cowley
281:Police
248:Oxford
201:Region
173:Oxford
102:Cowley
72:Cowley
35:Cowley
1824:Osney
1196:band
1036:black
572:from
570:manor
516:near
502:Roman
271:01865
1574:ISBN
1514:2010
1470:2019
1397:2019
1349:2024
1327:2024
1285:ISBN
1142:and
1107:Mini
1038:and
987:and
960:and
937:and
931:Mini
689:and
657:The
627:, a
596:and
522:Mini
482:Mini
460:and
448:and
293:Fire
1160:by
997:BMW
904:of
890:BMW
861:BMW
704:on
528:in
260:OX4
2071::
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423:aʊ
357:UK
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1249:*
432:/
429:ɪ
426:l
420:k
417:ˈ
414:/
410:(
20:)
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