487:. They have jurisdiction to hear minor criminal cases, as well as certain licensing appeals. Youth courts are run on similar lines to adult magistrates' courts but deal with offenders aged between the ages of ten and seventeen inclusive. Youth courts are presided over by a specially trained subset of experienced adult magistrates or a district judge. Youth magistrates have a wider catalog of disposals available to them for dealing with young offenders and often hear more serious cases against youths (which for adults would normally be dealt with by the Crown Court). Youth courts are not open to the public for observation, only the parties involved in a case being admitted.
259:
150:
320:, and the Technology & Construction Court, and under the Chancery Division's lists for Business, Insolvency and Companies, Competition, Intellectual Property, Revenue, and Property, Trusts and Probate. In 2015, the Financial List was created "for financial claims of £50 million or more, or cases that raise issues concerning the domestic and international financial markets: the equity, derivatives, FX and commodities markets." There are also Regional Business and Property Courts.
339:
2459:
1282:
1148:
999:
829:
513:
316:, where there are 31 courts and three super courts able to handle the most complex and multi-party trials. There are regional High Court centres at the civil and family courts in the major cities. The Business and Property Courts administer the specialist jurisdictions that had previously been administered in the Queen's Bench Division under the names of the Admiralty Court, the
635:. In many cases, there is a statutory right of appeal from a tribunal to a particular court or specially constituted appellate tribunal. In the absence of a specific appeals court, the only remedy from a decision of a tribunal may be via judicial review to the High Court, which will often be more limited in scope than an appeal.
969:
A magistrates' court is made up in two ways. Either a group (known as a "bench") of "lay magistrates", or a district judge, will hear the case. A bench must consist of either two or three magistrates. Alternatively, a case may be heard by a district judge (formerly known as a stipendiary magistrate),
953:
Offences are of three categories: indictable only, summary, and either way. Indictable only offences such as murder and rape must be tried on indictment in the Crown Court. On first appearance, the magistrates must immediately refer the defendant to the Crown Court for trial, their only role being to
444:
Until unification in 2014, county courts were local courts in the sense that each one has an area over which certain kinds of jurisdiction, for example, proceedings for possession of the land had to be started in the county court in whose district the property lay, but in general, any county court in
323:
The judicial expertise available in the Rolls
Building includes asset recovery, banking, commodities, company law, construction, finance, fraud, insolvency and reconstruction. It also covers information technology, insurance, intellectual property (including patents), international trade, mining, oil
957:
Summary offences, such as most motoring offences, are much less serious and most must be tried in a magistrates' court, although a few may be sent for trial to the Crown Court along with other offences that may be tried there (for example assault). The vast majority of offences are also concluded in
933:
There are two kinds of criminal trials: "summary" and "on indictment". For an adult, summary trials take place in a magistrates' court, while trials on indictment take place in the Crown Court. Despite the possibility of two venues for trial, almost all criminal cases, however serious, commence in a
459:
The Family Court is a national court and has jurisdiction to hear all family cases in
England and Wales. Local jurisdictional boundaries have disappeared and there is only one single jurisdiction for all family proceedings. The Family Court sits at many locations in England and Wales, and it usually
1264:
under the "small claims track". This is generally known to the lay public as "small claims court" but does not exist as a separate court. Claims between £10,000 and £25,000 that are capable of being tried within one day are allocated to the "fast track" and claims over £25,000 to the "multi-track".
440:
A County Court hearing is presided over by either a district or circuit judge and, except in a small minority of cases such as civil actions against the police, the judge sits alone as a trier of fact and law without assistance from a jury. The old county courts' divorce and family jurisdiction was
436:
The County Court is a national court with a purely civil jurisdiction, sitting in 92 different towns and cities across
England and Wales. As of 22 April 2014 there has been a single County Court for England and Wales where previously there was a series of courts. The County Court is so named after
1126:
In other circumstances (for example when acting as an appeal court from a magistrates' court) the Crown Court is an inferior court, which means that it is subject to judicial review. When acting as an inferior court, appeals by way of case stated on matters of law may be made to the
Administrative
961:
Either way offences are intermediate offences such as theft and, with the exception of low-value criminal damage, maybe tried either summarily (by magistrates) or by judge and jury in the Crown Court. If the magistrates consider that an either way offence is too serious for them to deal with, they
303:
for cases from the subordinate courts. It consists of three divisions: the King's Bench, the
Chancery, and the Family divisions. The divisions of the High Court are not separate courts but have somewhat separate procedures and practices adapted to their purposes. Although particular kinds of cases
1133:
Appeals to the
Supreme Court are unusual in that the court from which appeal is being made (either the High Court or the Court of Appeal) must certify that there is a point of law of general public importance. This additional control mechanism is not present with civil appeals and means that far
949:
A criminal case that starts in the magistrates' courts may begin either by the defendant being charged and then being brought forcibly before magistrates or by a summons to the defendant to appear on a certain day before the magistrates. A summons is usually confined to very minor offences. The
962:
may "decline jurisdiction" which means that the defendant will have to appear in the Crown Court. Conversely, even if the magistrates accept jurisdiction, an adult defendant has a right to compel a jury trial. Defendants under eighteen years of age do not have this right and will be tried in a
272:
The Court of Appeal deals only with appeals from other courts or tribunals. The Court of Appeal consists of two divisions: the Civil
Division hears appeals from the High Court and the County Court and certain superior tribunals, while the Criminal Division may only hear
970:
who will be a qualified lawyer and will sit singly, but has the same powers as a lay bench. District judges usually sit in the more busy courts in cities or hear complex cases (e.g. extradition). Magistrates and
District Judges have the same limited sentencing powers.
682:
is ancient, dating from the 11th century, and coroners still sit today to determine the cause of death in situations where people have died in potentially suspicious circumstances, abroad, or in the care of central authority. They also have jurisdiction over
215:
The Senior Courts of
England and Wales were originally created by the Judicature Acts as the "Supreme Court of Judicature". It was renamed the "Supreme Court of England and Wales" in 1981, and again to the "Senior Courts of England and Wales" by the
1118:
The Crown Court is more complicated. When it is hearing a trial on indictment (a jury trial) it is treated as a superior court, which means that its decisions may not be judicially reviewed and appeal lies only to the
Criminal Division of the
498:
and heard family law cases including care cases and they had the power to make adoption orders. Family cases are no longer heard by the magistrates' courts, instead being heard by the single Family Court established by the 2013 Act.
2347:
324:
and gas, partnership, property, public procurement, regulation, shipping, tax and trusts. All matters in this list are heard by judges with particular experience in determining disputes in their particular speciality.
1902:; "The Supreme Court of England and Wales shall consist of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice and the Crown Court, each having such jurisdiction as is conferred on it by or under this or any other Act."
464:. Family Court judges are now more categories of judges who will be eligible to hear family cases including lay magistrates, district judges, circuit judges, and High Court judges from the Family Division.
308:
and above can sit 'cross-bench' meaning they can hear matters normally assigned to another division should they so desire. However, beginning proceedings in the wrong division may result in a cost penalty.
357:
The Crown Court is a criminal court of both original and appellate jurisdiction which in addition handles a limited amount of civil business both at first instance and on appeal. It was established by the
699:
is an established church (i.e. it is the official state church) and formerly had exclusive or non-exclusive subject matter jurisdiction over marriage and divorce cases, testamentary matters,
378:
is the unofficial name of London's most famous criminal court, which is now part of the Crown Court. Its official name is the Central Criminal Court. The Crown Court also hears appeals from
312:
The formation of the Business and Property Courts of England & Wales within the High Court was announced in March 2017, and launched in London in July 2017. The courts are based in the
1130:
Appeals from the High Court, in criminal matters, lie only to the Supreme Court. Appeals from the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) may also only be taken to the Supreme Court.
1581:
985:
judge, and a jury. The seniority of the judge depends on the seriousness and complexity of the case. The jury is involved only if the defendant enters a plea of "not guilty".
389:, and when exercising such a role, it is a superior court in that its judgments cannot be reviewed by the Administrative Court of the King's Bench Division of the High Court.
2232:
627:
In addition, there are many other specialist courts. These are often described as "tribunals" rather than courts, but the difference in name is meaningless. For example, an
2132:
1455:
1776:
2182:
304:
will be assigned to each division depending on their subject matter, each division may exercise the jurisdiction of the High Court. This also means English High Court
392:
The Crown Court is an inferior court in respect of the other work it undertakes, namely among other things, appeals from the magistrates' courts and other tribunals.
197:
The Supreme Court has a separate administration from the other courts of England and Wales, and its administration is under a Chief Executive who is appointed by the
1450:
1955:
2654:
2157:
1575:
2107:
1265:
These "tracks" are labels for the use of the court system – the actual cases will be heard in the County Court or the High Court depending on their value.
198:
2207:
437:
the ancient sheriff's court held in each county, but it has no connection with it nor indeed was the jurisdiction of the county courts based on counties.
100:
2293:
277:
connected with a trial on indictment (i.e., for a serious offence). Its decisions are binding on all courts, including itself, apart from the
247:
127:
38:
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1487:
1303:
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850:
534:
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1354:
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1071:
901:
585:
1326:
1192:
1043:
873:
557:
1622:
1387:
1103:
From the magistrates' courts, an appeal can be taken to the Crown Court on matters of fact and law or, on matters of law alone, to the
982:
666:
454:
409:
1268:
For personal injury, defamation cases, and in some landlord and tenant disputes, the thresholds for each track have different values.
2832:
2268:
1695:
935:
651:
the Employment Appeal Tribunal, which is a superior court of record, and therefore not subject to judicial review, appeals go to the
472:
414:
379:
123:
2765:
1472:
1333:
1199:
1104:
1050:
880:
564:
183:
2942:
2822:
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736:
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191:
162:
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2032:
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210:
138:
2057:
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887:
747:
571:
96:
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131:
475:
are local criminal courts, where all criminal proceedings start. They are presided over by a bench of magistrates (A.K.A.
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1959:
1824:
1690:
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278:
221:
175:
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107:
64:
1322:
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1039:
869:
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2403:
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2352:
1726:"Written Statement: Update on the development of the justice system and the legal sector in Wales (30 September 2021)"
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2842:
2544:
2408:
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1373:
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920:
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246:
The Senior Courts of England and Wales, along with the Tribunals and other courts, are administered and supported by
1311:
1177:
1028:
858:
707:
has narrowed principally to matters of church property and errant clergy. Each diocese has a "chancellor" (either a
542:
2775:
1408:. The Supreme Court of Judicature was formed in 1875 from the merging of various courts then existing, such as the
1261:
460:
sits at the County Court centres and magistrates courts where family work was previously heard by county courts or
431:
404:
346:
119:
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1675:
1435:
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84:
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217:
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20:
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274:
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2885:
2740:
1508:
1462:
1347:
1213:
1064:
894:
578:
1751:"Plaid Cymru call for devolution of justice to Wales - 'we can't be treated as an appendage to England'"
258:
2473:
1660:
1610:
1530:
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764:
646:
76:
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1636:
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1401:
491:
479:), or a legally trained district judge (formerly known as a stipendiary magistrate), sitting in each
53:
445:
England and Wales could hear any action and claims were frequently transferred from court to court.
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2574:
1982:
1482:
1292:
1158:
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839:
523:
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461:
2524:
1616:
1296:
1162:
1013:
843:
802:(dealing with commoners' rights and related matters in the formerly royal hunting forests of the
527:
385:
The Crown Court is the only court in England and Wales that has the jurisdiction to try cases on
26:"English court" and "Welsh court" redirect here. For the royal court of the United Kingdom, see
2857:
2719:
2428:
1899:
1777:"Devolution a 'necessary step' towards a better Welsh criminal justice system, academics argue"
1257:
966:(similar to a magistrates' court) unless the case is homicide or else is particularly serious.
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42:
27:
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hearing (of the charge or summons) before the magistrates is known as a "first appearance".
2613:
2433:
2418:
2413:
2366:
704:
99:
has jurisdiction over all members of the armed forces of the United Kingdom in relation to
366:
whereby High Court judges would periodically travel around the country hearing cases, and
8:
2827:
2709:
1914:
1603:
1497:
658:
642:
628:
154:
92:
1850:
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2564:
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1880:
1665:
1538:
1424:
978:
939:
480:
72:
1875:
723:
no longer has the right to preside personally, as he formerly did. Appeals lie to the
2760:
2438:
1418:
696:
632:
68:
57:
2790:
2569:
2554:
2539:
2423:
1556:
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716:
367:
2880:
2684:
2632:
2579:
2443:
1563:
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1397:
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1112:
1111:". The magistrates' courts are also inferior courts and are therefore subject to
1107:
of King's Bench Division of the High Court, which is called an appeal "by way of
359:
317:
300:
178:
is the highest appeal court in almost all cases in England and Wales. Before the
149:
80:
807:
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375:
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313:
137:
There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians for a
88:
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95:
for England, Wales, and Scotland but not Northern Ireland. Additionally, the
2795:
2589:
2559:
1599:
1567:
1503:
1477:
724:
703:, and several other areas. Since the 19th century, the jurisdiction of the
67:, the United Kingdom does not generally have a single unified legal system—
46:
1562:
The following courts were merged into the High Court by section 41 of the
2714:
2599:
2594:
2389:
1670:
1108:
974:
419:
342:
338:
333:
296:
240:
115:
1825:"Mark Ormerod to be Supreme Court's Chief Executive – The Supreme Court"
1404:. Until the twentieth century, many legal terms were still expressed in
785:(largely ceremonial court dealing with lead mining rights in Derbyshire)
2620:
2584:
1685:
1513:
943:
700:
386:
187:
79:
a third. There are additional exceptions to this rule; for example, in
2534:
2529:
2458:
1705:
1655:
712:
708:
237:(High Court, formally His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England)
1646:
curtailed the jurisdiction of certain other anomalous local courts.
1281:
1147:
998:
828:
512:
799:
793:
2745:
2348:
Official list of senior judges in the courts of England and Wales
1802:
1445:
1441:
946:, and go directly to the Crown Court, but that would be unusual.
679:
363:
87:'s jurisdiction covers the whole of the United Kingdom, while in
1582:
Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge
720:
350:
2358:
954:
decide whether to remand the defendant on bail or in custody.
631:
is an inferior court of record for the purposes of the law of
2317:
A Royal opening for the Rolls Building - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)]
1927:"The Judicial System of England and Wales: A visitor's guide"
1405:
49:
1559:
was abolished by the Stannaries Court (Abolition) Act 1896.
1456:
Court of Pleas of the County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge
400:
The most common subordinate courts in England and Wales are
186:. The Supreme Court is also the highest court of appeal for
484:
779:(ad-hoc courts hearing petitions against election results)
669:
have absorbed the function of many pre-existing tribunals.
2256:
Explanatory Statement issued by High Court, 18 May 2017.
1451:
Court of Common Pleas of the County Palatine of Lancaster
977:, the case is tried before a recorder (part-time judge),
1524:
1134:
fewer criminal appeals are heard by the Supreme Court.
645:(formerly industrial tribunals) with an appeal to the
144:
1576:
Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Lancaster
204:
441:
passed on 22 April 2014 to the single Family Court.
295:
The High Court of Justice functions both as a civil
199:
President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
231:(formally His Majesty's Court of Appeal in England)
63:Except in constitutional matters, committed to the
2662:
370:which were courts held periodically in counties,
2980:
1910:
1908:
1876:"Constitutional Reform Act 2005: Section 48"
792:(ancient and rarely convened court dealing with
467:
502:
262:Schematic of court system for England and Wales
2648:
2374:
1956:"Judicial Office press release 12 March 2017"
1905:
1635:abolished the borough civil courts listed in
2353:Organisation of justice in England and Wales
1400:was the language of the courts, rather than
1392:For nearly 300 years, from the time of the
1310:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1260:claims under £10,000 are dealt with in the
1176:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1027:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
857:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
541:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2655:
2641:
2381:
2367:
1623:Court of Record for the Hundred of Salford
1388:History of the courts of England and Wales
958:a magistrates' court (over 90% of cases).
667:Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
455:Family Justice System of England and Wales
128:His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
39:His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
2343:HM Courts & Tribunals Service website
1915:Schedule 1 of the Interpretation Act 1978
1696:List of Supreme Court of Judicature cases
1374:Learn how and when to remove this message
1240:Learn how and when to remove this message
1091:Learn how and when to remove this message
938:. It is possible to start a trial for an
921:Learn how and when to remove this message
735:(CECR). From the CECR appeals lie to the
605:Learn how and when to remove this message
184:Appellate Committee of the House of Lords
2766:Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes
1983:"Launch of Business and Property Courts"
690:
337:
257:
224:). It consists of the following courts:
148:
2294:"Regional Business and Property Courts"
737:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
733:Court of Ecclesiastical Causes Reserved
623:List of tribunals in the United Kingdom
494:, some magistrates' courts were also a
192:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
190:matters, a role previously held by the
163:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
2981:
1591:with a county court of the same name.
211:Proposed Wales criminal justice system
2636:
2362:
1980:
1465:was merged into the Court of Appeal.
748:Military courts of the United Kingdom
395:
1936:. Judicial Office International Team
1851:"Executive Team – The Supreme Court"
1537:were abolished section 14 of by the
1525:Local courts of special jurisdiction
1308:adding citations to reliable sources
1275:
1174:adding citations to reliable sources
1141:
1025:adding citations to reliable sources
992:
855:adding citations to reliable sources
822:
539:adding citations to reliable sources
506:
268:Court of Appeal of England and Wales
2233:"Property, Trusts and Probate List"
2058:"Technology and Construction Court"
1691:List of courts in England and Wales
673:
638:Examples of specialist courts are:
222:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
176:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
170:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
159:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
145:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
65:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
13:
1644:Administration of Justice Act 1977
1548:was abolished by section 2 of the
742:
253:
205:Senior Courts of England and Wales
14:
3000:
2891:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
2336:
1848:
1822:
1800:
1769:
1606:of the City and County of Bristol
1550:Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836
1468:Other historical courts include:
818:
2776:Court of Great Sessions in Wales
2457:
1589:Mayor's and City of London Court
1280:
1146:
997:
827:
731:(in York), and from them to the
511:
432:County Court (England and Wales)
220:(to distinguish it from the new
37:, supported administratively by
2388:
2320:
2311:
2286:
2269:"History of the Financial List"
2261:
2250:
2225:
2200:
2175:
2150:
2133:"Insolvency and Companies List"
2125:
2100:
2075:
2050:
2025:
2000:
1981:Curry, Annalise (4 July 2017).
1974:
1948:
1919:
770:
619:Tribunals in the United Kingdom
448:
425:
248:HM Courts and Tribunals Service
85:Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
2751:Court for Crown Cases Reserved
2664:Judiciary of England and Wales
2298:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2273:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2237:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2212:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2187:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2162:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2137:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2112:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2087:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2062:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2037:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
2012:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
1987:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
1892:
1868:
1842:
1816:
1794:
1743:
1718:
1681:Judiciary of England and Wales
1493:Court for Crown Cases Reserved
1137:
490:Prior to the enactment of the
327:
218:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
180:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
91:, there is a single system of
21:Judiciary of England and Wales
1:
1711:
1642:Part II of Schedule 4 to the
1546:Court of the County of Durham
1529:The courts of session of the
1323:"Courts of England and Wales"
1189:"Courts of England and Wales"
1040:"Courts of England and Wales"
870:"Courts of England and Wales"
715:) who acts as a judge in the
554:"Courts of England and Wales"
468:Magistrates' and youth courts
284:
139:Wales criminal justice system
130:, an executive agency of the
101:offences against military law
2896:Chief Baron of the Exchequer
2183:"Intellectual Property List"
1676:His Majesty's Courts Service
503:Special courts and tribunals
275:appeals from the Crown Court
7:
2989:Courts of England and Wales
2906:Justice of the Common Pleas
2901:Justice of the King's Bench
2886:Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
2741:Court of Appeal in Chancery
2504:Courts of England and Wales
1649:
1509:Restrictive Practices Court
1463:Court of Appeal in Chancery
35:Courts of England and Wales
10:
3005:
1661:Courts of Northern Ireland
1611:Liverpool Court of Passage
1531:County Palatine of Chester
1385:
1271:
1254:Civil Procedure Rules 1998
988:
765:Court Martial Appeal Court
757:the Service Civilian Court
647:Employment Appeal Tribunal
616:
452:
429:
331:
288:
265:
208:
182:this role was held by the
167:
25:
18:
2951:
2930:
2923:
2873:
2865:Common Serjeant of London
2815:
2808:
2733:
2677:
2670:
2608:
2512:
2466:
2455:
2396:
1633:Local Government Act 1972
492:Crime and Courts Act 2013
462:family proceedings courts
299:and a criminal and civil
54:administration of justice
16:Civil and criminal courts
2781:Court of High Commission
1888:, 2005 c. 4 (s. 48)
1587:Section 42 replaced the
1566:following the report by
1488:Court of Criminal Appeal
1483:Court of High Commission
754:the Summary Appeal Court
727:(in Canterbury) and the
496:family proceedings court
1617:Norwich Guildhall Court
942:by a voluntary bill of
297:court of first instance
2858:Recorder of Manchester
2720:High Court of Chivalry
2545:British Virgin Islands
1900:Supreme Court Act 1981
1594:Section 43 abolished:
790:High Court of Chivalry
665:established under the
374:and certain boroughs.
354:
263:
165:
97:Military Court Service
2853:Recorder of Liverpool
2833:Court of Appeal judge
2786:Court of King's Bench
2756:Court of Common Pleas
1886:The National Archives
1701:Personal Support Unit
1535:Principality of Wales
1436:Court of Common Pleas
1413:Court of King's Bench
705:ecclesiastical courts
691:Ecclesiastical courts
477:justices of the peace
341:
291:High Court of Justice
261:
235:High Court of Justice
152:
1934:www.judiciary.gov.uk
1849:Court, The Supreme.
1823:Court, The Supreme.
1500:(marketplace courts)
1498:Courts of piepowders
1304:improve this section
1170:improve this section
1105:Administrative Court
1021:improve this section
851:improve this section
719:of the diocese. The
643:Employment tribunals
535:improve this section
126:are administered by
93:employment tribunals
52:responsible for the
19:For the judges, see
2828:Master of the Rolls
2710:Court of Protection
2327:Whitaker's Almanack
2083:"Chancery Division"
1855:www.supremecourt.uk
1829:www.supremecourt.uk
1803:"Instanta Judecata"
936:magistrates' courts
659:First-tier Tribunal
629:employment tribunal
473:Magistrates' courts
415:Magistrates' courts
380:magistrates' courts
155:Middlesex Guildhall
132:Ministry of Justice
124:magistrates' courts
28:Court of St James's
2964:Admiralty Advocate
2911:Justice of Chester
2848:Recorder of London
2823:Lord Chief Justice
2771:Court of Exchequer
2725:Magistrates' Court
2409:Administrative law
2158:"Competition List"
2033:"Commercial Court"
1881:legislation.gov.uk
1781:Cardiff University
1757:. 29 November 2022
1666:Courts of Scotland
1539:Law Terms Act 1830
1446:Matrimonial Causes
940:indictable offence
481:local justice area
396:Subordinate courts
362:. It replaced the
355:
264:
166:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2943:Solicitor General
2919:
2918:
2804:
2803:
2761:Court of Chancery
2630:
2629:
2008:"Admiralty Court"
1604:Pie Poudre Courts
1419:Court of Chancery
1384:
1383:
1376:
1358:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1224:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1075:
931:
930:
923:
905:
800:Verderers' courts
760:the Court Martial
697:Church of England
633:contempt of court
615:
614:
607:
589:
71:have one system,
69:England and Wales
58:England and Wales
2996:
2938:Attorney General
2928:
2927:
2838:High Court judge
2813:
2812:
2791:Court of Probate
2675:
2674:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2525:Northern Ireland
2467:Further subjects
2461:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1958:. Archived from
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1872:
1866:
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1863:
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1846:
1840:
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1837:
1835:
1820:
1814:
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1811:
1809:
1798:
1792:
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1789:
1787:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1722:
1557:Stannaries Court
1519:Quarter sessions
1379:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1316:
1284:
1276:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1182:
1150:
1142:
1096:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1033:
1001:
993:
926:
919:
915:
912:
906:
904:
863:
831:
823:
717:consistory court
674:Coroners' courts
610:
603:
599:
596:
590:
588:
547:
515:
507:
368:quarter sessions
318:Commercial Court
77:Northern Ireland
3004:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2959:King's Advocate
2947:
2915:
2881:Lord Chancellor
2869:
2800:
2729:
2700:Court of Appeal
2685:Court of equity
2666:
2661:
2631:
2626:
2604:
2580:Anglo-Saxon law
2513:Related systems
2508:
2494:Civil procedure
2479:Competition law
2462:
2453:
2444:Retained EU law
2404:UK Constitution
2392:
2387:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2329:1968, pp 465-6.
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2108:"Business List"
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1962:on 28 July 2017
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
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1843:
1833:
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1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1652:
1564:Courts Act 1971
1527:
1394:Norman Conquest
1390:
1380:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1317:
1315:
1301:
1285:
1274:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1183:
1181:
1167:
1151:
1140:
1121:Court of Appeal
1113:judicial review
1097:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1034:
1032:
1018:
1002:
991:
927:
916:
910:
907:
864:
862:
848:
832:
821:
773:
745:
743:Military courts
693:
676:
653:Court of Appeal
625:
611:
600:
594:
591:
548:
546:
532:
516:
505:
483:. There are no
470:
457:
451:
434:
428:
398:
372:county boroughs
360:Courts Act 1971
336:
330:
301:appellate court
293:
287:
270:
256:
254:Court of Appeal
229:Court of Appeal
213:
207:
172:
147:
108:Court of Appeal
81:immigration law
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2974:
2973:
2970:
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2955:
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2949:
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2925:
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2898:
2893:
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2868:
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2855:
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2617:
2609:
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2605:
2603:
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2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
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2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Commercial law
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2337:External links
2335:
2332:
2331:
2319:
2310:
2285:
2260:
2249:
2224:
2208:"Revenue List"
2199:
2174:
2149:
2124:
2099:
2074:
2049:
2024:
1999:
1973:
1947:
1918:
1904:
1898:Section 1(1),
1891:
1867:
1841:
1815:
1793:
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1516:
1511:
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1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:House of Lords
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1429:High Court of
1427:
1421:
1415:
1386:Main article:
1382:
1381:
1288:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1248:
1247:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1099:
1098:
1005:
1003:
996:
990:
987:
929:
928:
835:
833:
826:
820:
819:Criminal cases
817:
816:
815:
808:Forest of Dean
797:
786:
780:
777:Election court
772:
769:
768:
767:
761:
758:
755:
744:
741:
729:Chancery Court
692:
689:
685:treasure trove
675:
672:
671:
670:
663:Upper Tribunal
655:
649:
613:
612:
519:
517:
510:
504:
501:
469:
466:
453:Main article:
450:
447:
430:Main article:
427:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
397:
394:
376:The Old Bailey
332:Main article:
329:
326:
314:Rolls Building
289:Main article:
286:
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266:Main article:
255:
252:
244:
243:
238:
232:
206:
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168:Main article:
146:
143:
89:employment law
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
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2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Circuit judge
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2811:
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2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Privy Council
2693:
2691:
2690:Supreme Court
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:United States
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:Core subjects
2395:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2323:
2314:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2253:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1804:
1801:Peter, Alex.
1797:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:to that Act.
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1378:
1375:
1367:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325: –
1324:
1320:
1319:Find sources:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:This section
1287:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1244:
1241:
1233:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191: –
1190:
1186:
1185:Find sources:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1155:This section
1153:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1095:
1092:
1084:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042: –
1041:
1037:
1036:Find sources:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:This section
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
986:
984:
980:
979:circuit judge
976:
971:
967:
965:
959:
955:
951:
947:
945:
941:
937:
925:
922:
914:
903:
900:
896:
893:
889:
886:
882:
879:
875:
872: –
871:
867:
866:Find sources:
860:
856:
852:
846:
845:
841:
836:This section
834:
830:
825:
824:
813:
812:Epping Forest
809:
805:
801:
798:
795:
791:
787:
784:
783:Barmote court
781:
778:
775:
774:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:
751:
749:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
688:
686:
681:
668:
664:
660:
656:
654:
650:
648:
644:
641:
640:
639:
636:
634:
630:
624:
620:
609:
606:
598:
587:
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
566:
563:
559:
556: –
555:
551:
550:Find sources:
544:
540:
536:
530:
529:
525:
520:This section
518:
514:
509:
508:
500:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
465:
463:
456:
446:
442:
438:
433:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
393:
390:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
325:
321:
319:
315:
310:
307:
306:puisne judges
302:
298:
292:
282:
280:
279:Supreme Court
276:
269:
260:
251:
249:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
225:
223:
219:
212:
202:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
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