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307:, which forms each of the eight corners, welded to the container itself, and has no moving parts, only an oval hole in the tops of the four upper corners, and in the bottom of the four lower corners. The hole is an oval 4.9 in (124.5 mm) on the long axis with two flat sides 2.5 in (63.5 mm) apart. The male component is the twistlock, which is fitted to cranes and transport bases. This can be inserted through the hole (it is roughly 4.1 in or 104.1 mm long and 2.2 in or 55.9 mm wide), and then the top portion (normally pointed to make insertion easier) is rotated 90°, so that it cannot be withdrawn. The mechanism is similar to that of a
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234:. The relative obscurity of this invention belies its importance to a more efficient world trade and transport, as the Tantlinger lock made handling and stacking standard containers much easier. Tantlinger later released his patent royalty-free, which enabled the twist-lock to become an industry and international standard.
564:
237:
A major advantage of this approach to attachment is that containers, which may be stored or transported without being inspected for months at a time, do not require any maintenance in order to function effectively. Even with long-term exposure to the weather the container remains as simple to move as
609:
defines the exact lengths of all standard container sizes deliberately such that shorter containers, joined horizontally with standard-size twistlocks, can always form longer, rigid units, that exactly match the length of longer containers, to make them stackable on the four outside, load-bearing
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Some twistlocks have built-in levers or mechanisms, while simpler versions require tools for installation or removal. Some twistlocks are permanently installed (e.g., on the decks of
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part (which is more exposed and susceptible to damage) is placed on vehicles and equipment that are inspected very frequently, and will work with all standard containers.
210:
Twist-locks also have to be used when stacking containers shorter than 40 feet (12 m) together with 40‑foot and longer containers. Containers shorter than 40
167:, as defined in norms including ISO 1161:1984, form a standardized (rotating) connector system, for connecting and securing intermodal, and predominantly ISO-standard
504:
218:
feet in length, to make them stackable and be able to support and be supported by an ISO standard 40- or 45‑foot container stacked underneath or above them.
342:
Mid-locks are manually attached to the bottom corners of an upper container, and will automatically lock into the top corners of the lower container when stacked.
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ever. Only when corrosion is very extensive (to the extent of being easily visible) does the twistlock become dangerous to move the crate. The
311:, but of a much larger size. The maximum size and position of the holes in the connector defined in the original patent and is now defined in
330:), while others are temporarily installed and removed as needed, for instance to stack containers securely on ships, or in storage yards.
492:
627:
of four strong vertical (steel) columns (similar to corner posts) at the 40‑foot length, symmetrically manufactured into them,
348:
122:. The twistlock proper is inserted through the large oval hole in the top of upper, and the bottom of the lower corner castings.
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Close-up of ISO standard container bottom corner casting. Twistlocks engage through a large oval hole on the bottom
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twistlocks to tie their corners together, illustrating how easily the top one might shift off the bottom one
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Double male twistlocks (midlocks) are also used to lock two stacked containers vertically, for example in
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feet containers must be joined together horizontally with twist-locks, to form a rigid combined whole 40
31:
355:
265: with: clearer explanation of operation and tools used, and variations of designs. You can help by
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of a twistlock is rated at either 20 or 25 tonnes (19.7 or 24.6 long tons; 22.0 or 27.6 short tons).
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The Box: How the
Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
119:
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To support being stacked interchangeably with 40‑foot containers, ISO standard
522:
Twistlocks on deck of container ship. Foreground: unlocked; background: locked. The
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755:"Series 1 freight containers – Corner and intermediate fittings – Specifications"
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Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets § Twist-locking connectors
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1001:
584:, 5 October 2011. Some of the bottom containers collapsed, but many twistlocks
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Fluctus (14 Sep 2021) A day in life of a
Container Ship in Middle of the Ocean
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187:, and for lifting and handling by specific container-handling equipment, like
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corners of another longer container, or same-length unit-combination.
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Standardized rotating connector for securing intermodal containers
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Close-up of corner casting with twist-lock in place and locked.]
623:
or other overlength containers are required to integrate a
409:
with standard corner castings on each of its eight corners.
510:
First level of twistlocks on the deck of a container ship
847:
Nichols, C. Reid; Williams, Robert G. (November 2008).
778:. Lloyd's Register, London. p. 7. Archived from
641:
feet (76 cm) inwards from their outside corners.
807:. West Sayville, NY: Peck & Hale. Archived from
558:
top corner castings on one side of 20-foot container
107:Close-up of twistlock on a rear corner of a German
690:
1185:
381:Twistlock engaged with shipping container at sea
30:For the term from the electrical industry, see
832:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
825:
32:NEMA connector § Twist-locking connectors
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799:
588:, resulting in the cargo stacks falling over.
175:containers, for locking them into place on a
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737:"Apparatus for handling freight in transit"
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915:
936:
691:Johna Till Johnson (September 29, 2011).
498:Twistlock attachment to a trailer (Japan)
171:. The primary uses are to securely
118:Close up of top corner casting on an ISO
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
802:"Container Stowage and Securing Systems"
773:"A Master's Guide to Container Securing"
711:"Logistics 101: Tantlinger's Twist Lock"
655:
113:
102:
54:This article includes a list of general
693:"The Engineer Who Transformed Shipping"
149:Twistlock, unlocked v. locked position.
14:
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1145:Container Shipping Information Service
910:
230:, in the 1950s by transport engineer
853:. Infobase Publishing. p. 119.
430:
249:
40:
962:Bureau International des Containers
526:are "lashing rods" used for shoring
24:
369:High-quality retractable twistlock
60:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
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538:Loosely stacked tank containers,
486:Rusty twistlock on a semi-trailer
169:international shipping containers
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303: in (180×180×110 mm)
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1150:Shipping container architecture
881:. Infobase Publishing. p.
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226:The twistlock was developed in
875:SPTA-company (November 2008).
850:Encyclopedia of Marine Science
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554:Skystacker attaching to just
957:Intermodal freight transport
287:female part of the connector
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7:
972:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
468:double-stack rail transport
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356:Maritime Museum of Finland
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1053:Rubber tyred gantry crane
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163:, together with matching
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354:Closeup of twistlock at
1204:Locks (security device)
826:Levinson, Marc (2006).
203:, and various types of
75:more precise citations.
1155:Sun Modular Datacenter
1094:Refrigerated container
800:Peck and Hale (2000).
674:"The Lives They Lived"
407:ISO shipping container
313:international standard
123:
111:
1194:Intermodal containers
938:Intermodal containers
195:, container-handling
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1174:Transport portal
697:Wind Against Current
573:container ship, the
1199:Port infrastructure
1109:Flat rack container
967:ISO 6346 (BIC code)
785:on 27 October 2011.
680:. 22 December 2011.
315:ISO 1161:2016. The
228:Spokane, Washington
1078:Container spreader
678:The New York Times
326:or on the beds of
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120:shipping container
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892:978-0-8160-5022-2
860:978-0-8160-5022-2
717:. 16 January 2019
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405:Standard 20-foot
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189:straddle carriers
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16:(Redirected from
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232:Keith Tantlinger
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741:Google Patents
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715:Beam Logistics
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839:0-691-12324-1
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814:on 2011-07-15
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442:This section
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328:semi-trailers
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261:This section
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185:rail carriage
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1140:(board game)
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1007:Double-stack
896:. Retrieved
877:
864:. Retrieved
849:
827:
816:. Retrieved
809:the original
794:Bibliography
780:the original
767:
758:
749:
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731:
719:. Retrieved
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448:adding to it
443:
427:Applications
321:
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271:
267:adding to it
262:
236:
225:
209:
181:semi-trailer
172:
164:
160:
156:
154:
109:semi-trailer
87:
78:
59:
582:New Zealand
524:turnbuckles
289:is the 7×7×
222:Description
201:sidelifters
73:introducing
1188:Categories
1058:Sidelifter
818:2011-03-01
721:6 November
649:References
625:second set
161:twist lock
56:references
1138:Container
1073:Twistlock
990:Transport
472:well cars
455:July 2015
274:July 2015
246:Mechanism
197:forklifts
157:twistlock
81:July 2015
1031:Handling
1022:Well car
945:Overview
575:MV
571:Grounded
1132:BBC Box
1126:The Box
1017:Flatcar
1012:Drayage
997:Chassis
898:8 March
878:SPTA.su
866:8 March
636:⁄
540:without
298:⁄
69:improve
889:
857:
836:
470:or on
216:
212:
58:, but
34:, and
1118:Other
1087:Types
812:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
783:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
594:Notes
173:stack
1099:SECU
900:2011
887:ISBN
868:2011
855:ISBN
834:ISBN
723:2021
586:held
580:off
577:Rena
285:The
240:male
883:119
759:ISO
556:two
450:.
269:.
183:or
159:or
1190::
885:.
757:.
739:.
713:.
695:.
676:.
474:.
207:.
199:,
191:,
179:,
155:A
930:e
923:t
916:v
902:.
870:.
842:.
821:.
761:.
743:.
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699:.
638:2
634:1
631:+
629:2
457:)
453:(
300:2
296:1
293:+
291:4
276:)
272:(
94:)
88:(
83:)
79:(
65:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
