36:
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rock. Terrain includes steep slopes on the high peaks, and flat or rolling tablelands cut by deep valleys in which the climate is milder. Soils are wet or marshy, with rocky regions and rock outcroppings. The páramo is the source of many streams that run down the east and west slopes of the Andes and
323:
terrestrial ecoregions. The plants and animals are adapted to the cold, dry conditions of the high peaks. There is a high level of local endemism, particularly on the more isolated peaks. Part of the
Cordillera Central páramo has been identified as a hotspot, a threatened area with a high level of
589:
gives the ecoregion the status "Relatively Stable/Intact". The ecoregion has been used by humans for many years, with many settlements and highways crossing the plateau, but is still fairly intact, A recent expansion of the human population and increase in agriculture is destroying the habitat
51:
193:
The
Cordillera Central páramo is found in the upper regions of the Andes in northern Peru and southern Ecuador. The ecoregion has an area of 1,217,294 hectares (3,008,000 acres). The páramo covers ridges and mountains in the high basins of the
179:
mountain range of northern Peru and southern
Ecuador. Due to its isolation there are high levels of endemism. Despite many human settlements and some destruction of habitat by agriculture and mining, the ecoregion is relatively intact.
238:
The
Cordillera Central páramo begins at the treeline around 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) of elevation and extends upward to the permanent snowline at about 4,500 metres (14,800 ft). Some mountains are volcanic in origin from the
352:, shrubs and sedges, often with an under-layer of lichens and moss. The lower levels of páramo merge into dwarf transitional forest and montane cloud forest. The characteristic vegetation consists of plants of the genera
280:
is "Cfb": warm temperate, fully humid, warm summer. The climate is cold, wet and very cloudy, with high rainfall. Temperatures generally fall below freezing at night.
507:
122:
495:
865:
489:
590:
around settlements. Overgrazing by livestock is causing erosion of the soil. Mining waste sometimes contaminates the rivers. Protected areas include the
257:
382:. The isolated position of the páramos has resulted in high levels of endemism among the diverse plant species. There are 300 genera of
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lies to the south of the ecoregion, a barrier that prevents flora and fauna from migrating between the north and south Andes mountains.
203:
787:
293:
83:
311:
The ecoregion is part of the
Northern Andean Páramo global ecoregion, which includes the Cordillera Central páramo,
277:
881:
891:
471:
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803:
207:
886:
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regions of Peru and in the south of
Ecuador. The northern part of the ecoregion is surrounded by the
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20:
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211:
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provide an important source of water to the human populations lower down. In Peru it supplies the
227:
543:
394:
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454:) is endangered. The ecoregion has three endemic bird species. Endangered birds include the
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with 1,000–1,500 species, of which about 60% are endemic. Notable species of flora include
8:
758:
725:
723:
721:
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567:
333:
66:
896:
627:
625:
623:
621:
537:
419:
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783:
513:
443:
301:
289:
261:
71:
682:
618:
836:
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Another source gives an area of 14,128 square kilometres (5,455 sq mi).
435:
820:
427:
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215:
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410:, from the tropical Andes and from the northern desert areas. Mammals include
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An
Opportunity for a Different Peru: Prosperous, Equitable, and Governable
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Eastern South
America: Southern Ecuador and northern Peru (NT1004)
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The fauna of the plateau include species that originated from the
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729:
688:
631:
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For the páramo of the
Cordillera Central of Colombia, see
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ecoregion. Further south it adjoins or is surrounded by
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481:
175:(high moorland) vegetation above the treeline in the
660:
288:The Cordillera Central páramo ecoregion is in the
776:Giugale, Marcelo; Cibils, Vicente Fretes (2007),
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324:endemism. Other hotspots in Peru include the
300:are the most southern group of páramos in the
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157:Cfb: warm temperate, fully humid, warm summer
835:
676:
370:, There are also shrubs of genera such as
204:Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests
874:
98:12,173 km (4,700 sq mi)
818:
701:Northern Andean Paramo – WWF Global
664:
247:metamorphic and sedimentary rocks,
13:
29:Cordillera Central páramo (NT1004)
14:
908:
853:
730:Cordillera Central páramo – Myers
689:Cordillera Central páramo – Myers
632:Cordillera Central páramo – Myers
294:montane grasslands and shrublands
84:Montane grasslands and shrublands
859:
535:. Endangered amphibians include
49:
34:
16:Ecoregion in the Andes Mountains
55:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
819:Salcedo, Juan Carlos Riveros,
604:
517:and butterflies of the genera
472:rufous-breasted warbling finch
1:
278:Köppen climate classification
183:
7:
782:, World Bank Publications,
759:"Cordillera Central páramo"
317:Cordillera de Merida páramo
243:period, but there are also
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10:
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841:, WWF: World Wildlife Fund
825:, WWF: World Wildlife Fund
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283:
271:
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866:Cordillera Central páramo
742:Giugale & Cibils 2007
713:Giugale & Cibils 2007
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165:Cordillera Central páramo
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33:
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592:Podocarpus National Park
508:Gastrotheca nebulanastes
484:Stenocercus huancabambae
401:
339:
251:batholiths and areas of
208:Tumbes–Piura dry forests
468:Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops
450:). The mountain tapir (
228:Central Andean wet puna
882:Neotropical ecoregions
805:Northern Andean Paramo
765:, Myers Enterprises II
544:Hyloxalus elachyhistus
478:) is also endangered.
395:Schmardaea microphylla
321:Northern Andean páramo
306:Huancabamba Depression
21:Northern Andean páramo
892:Ecoregions of Ecuador
574:Telmatobius thompsoni
556:Pristimantis simonsii
496:Gastrotheca lateonata
220:Ucayali moist forests
868:at Wikimedia Commons
562:Telmatobius brevipes
389:Cinchona officinalis
344:Vegetation includes
587:World Wildlife Fund
568:Telmatobius degener
440:Pudu mephistophiles
334:central Andean puna
326:Marañón dry forests
212:Marañón dry forests
134: /
887:Ecoregions of Peru
538:Atelopus peruensis
490:Astrotheca galeata
444:small-eared shrews
432:Tremarctos ornatus
420:little red brocket
313:Santa Marta páramo
864:Media related to
789:978-0-8213-6863-3
732:, All Endangered.
514:Eleutherodactylus
476:Poospiza rubecula
452:Tapirus pinchaque
416:Tapirus pinchaque
302:Neotropical realm
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677:WildFinder – WWF
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550:Lynchius parkeri
502:Lynchius parkeri
464:red-faced parrot
460:Penelope barbata
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138:6.938°S 78.568°W
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428:spectacled bear
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346:tussock grasses
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330:Peruvian Yungas
296:biome. The wet
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216:Peruvian Yungas
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167:(NT1004) is an
143:-6.938; -78.568
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763:Global Species
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412:mountain tapir
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384:spermatophytes
350:cushion plants
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408:Amazon basin
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304:. The great
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154:Climate type
290:neotropical
262:Huancabamba
253:Precambrian
171:containing
141: /
117:Coordinates
72:Neotropical
876:Categories
845:2017-04-17
838:WildFinder
829:2017-04-18
812:2017-04-17
769:2017-04-18
520:Dismorphia
511:and genus
379:Escallonia
328:, central
298:shrublands
129:78°34′05″W
532:Veladyris
448:Cryptotis
373:Polylepis
367:Hypericum
266:Chinchipe
249:Paleocene
245:Paleozoic
200:Cajamarca
184:Geography
169:ecoregion
126:6°56′17″S
90:Geography
42:Cajamarca
795:20 April
361:Agrostis
268:rivers.
241:Tertiary
189:Location
897:Páramos
751:Sources
665:Salcedo
526:Pagyris
470:). The
446:(genus
284:Ecology
272:Climate
234:Terrain
111:Ecuador
103:Country
61:Ecology
786:
581:Status
462:) and
442:) and
258:Quirós
173:páramo
598:Notes
402:Fauna
340:Flora
196:Piura
177:Andes
79:Biome
67:Realm
797:2017
784:ISBN
585:The
571:and
529:and
392:and
376:and
364:and
348:and
332:and
319:and
276:The
264:and
226:and
198:and
163:The
107:Peru
95:Area
434:),
426:),
418:),
878::
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23:.
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