509:, works copyrighted in the United States before January 1, 1978, were subject to a renewal system in which the term of copyright was divided into two consecutive terms. Strict time limits were imposed on renewal registration to secure the second term and extending copyright to the maximum length. Current copyright law is contained in title 17 of the United States Code. The Copyright Act of 1976 came into effect on January 1, 1978, and retained the renewal system for works that were copyrighted before 1978 and were still in their first terms on January 1, 1978. The statute, for these works, provides for a first term of copyright protection lasting 28 years, with the possibility for a second term of 47 years. This earlier system is also referred to as an "opt-in" system since authors would have to take the necessary steps required to claim the second term.
244:
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22:
676:”, a 1957 hit. Byrd was informed by the Copyright Office that they had not received the renewal application for the song, and hence they would be ending royalty payments. Had the song been renewed, Byrd and her four children would’ve received payments till 2037. This incident was used to convince lawmakers about the need for such an amendment.
512:
The 1992 amending legislation secures this second term for works copyrighted between
January 1, 1964, and December 31, 1977, without a renewal registration requirement. This system has been referred to as an "opt-out" system because it provides for copyright protection even if it is not requested by
534:
The renewal copyright is established in the name of the renewal claimant on the effective day of renewal registration. If the renewal registration was not made in the 28th year, the renewal copyright is secured by the party entitled to claim renewal by
December 31 of the 28th
529:
does not issue a renewal certificate, though renewal is secured automatically, unless the renewal application and fees are received and registered at the
Copyright Office. The Copyright Office outlines the following benefits of filing a Copyright Renewal Application:
516:
Under the
Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-298) twenty more years were added to the second term for works copyrighted between January 1, 1964, and December 31, 1977. This made the total duration of copyright for these works 95 years.
662:
because of procedural difficulties and mismanagement. In the past several authors had lost considerable royalties on their works because they were not aware of the renewal procedure; this act aimed to prohibit such instances from occurring.
513:
the author of a work. However, if a copyright originally secured before
January 1, 1964, was not renewed at the proper time, protection would have expired at the end of the 28th calendar year of the copyright.
545:
However, in cases where no renewal registration was made, important benefits such as statutory damages and attorneys fees can still be secured by filing a renewal registration anytime during the renewal term.
714:, a venture that aimed to scan over a million books to make it available to the public on the Internet. The plaintiffs argued that there are several cases where it is impossible to locate the authors. These
1337:
1184:
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The law specifies the persons who are eligible to claim renewal copyright. Apart from anonymous works, the following are eligible to claim renewal:
1807:
1104:
538:
The
Copyright Office issues a renewal certificate which acts as prima facie evidence of the validity of copyright during renewal and extended term.
722:
works. However, the 1992 amendment, by removing the renewal requirement of these works, prevented such works from falling into the public domain.
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331:
41:
710:, seeking a declaration that the Copyright Renewal Act was unconstitutional. The Internet Archive is a partner in the
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49:
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affirmed the dismissal on
January 22, 2007, saying that they had essentially made the same arguments as made in the
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If there are no immediate family members, and there is a will, then the author's executors can claim renewal.
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1002:
672:
magazine article mentions the complaint of
Jacqueline Byrd, widow of Robert Byrd, the songwriter who wrote “
1994:
1962:
1315:
1303:
985:
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172:
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report to
Congress every five years regarding library and archives photocopying of copyrighted materials.
2041:
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The right to use derivative works in the extended period might be impacted by renewal registration.
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was included in the
Copyright Amendments Act of 1992 as Title II. This act replaced the previous
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until 1996 (four years after the date of enactment). It also included instructions for the
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8:
2034:
1460:
772:
1532:
1468:
939:
730:
693:
474:
953:
896:"9th Circuit Rejects Constitutional Challenge to Copyright Laws in Kahle v. Gonzales."
1428:
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2013:
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The widow or widower of the author or the children or both, if the author is dead.
481:. The act eliminated the previous requirements under US law that a second term of
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If there is no immediate family or will, the next of kin may claim the copyright.
351:
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Many critics viewed the Copyright Renewal Act of 1992, which was backed by the
629:
A copyright proprietor or owner may claim renewal in only the following cases:
1074:
2057:
2018:
1080:
871:
719:
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642:
715:
500:
1338:
WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act
1185:
Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States
895:
1180:
Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States
454:
298:
743:
584: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
405:
482:
559:
114:
989:
520:
927:"Bush Likely to OK Bill That Would Renew All Pre-1978 Copyrights."
386:
909:"C'right Renewal Act Is Law; Home-Taping Act Still Pending."
658:, as an attempt to prevent many songs from falling into the
940:"Appeals Court Rejects Challenge to "opt-out" Copyright."
748:
458:
1923:
Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc.
954:"Appeals court rejects challenge to "opt-out" copyright"
854:
Registration of Claims to Copyright-Renewals: Final Rule
782:
501:
Renewal system prior to and following the 1992 amendment
1712:
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
1373:
Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act
1333:
Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
1119:
922:
920:
718:
could be used to contribute to projects that utilized
679:
1736:
Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.
1664:
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.
1501:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
869:
1744:
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.
1017:"U.S. court upholds copyright law on "orphan works""
744:
Other Titles of the Copyright Amendments Act of 1992
1003:“U.S. Court upholds copyright law on “orphan works”
917:
829:"Titles - S.756 - Copyright Amendments Act of 1992"
139:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1728:Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.
438:
271:
2055:
1808:Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.
521:Benefits of filing copyright renewal application
1672:Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.
1573:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
549:
397:United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
1931:Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc.
1768:Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l
1485:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
788:Title III of the Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
649:
1148:Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
1105:
1014:
863:
469:that amended copyright renewal provisions of
2069:United States federal copyright legislation
1848:Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha
1493:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
1265:Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
790:repealed the previous requirement that the
725:The district court dismissed the case. The
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1864:Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
1720:American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.
1112:
1098:
1045:"S.756 - Copyright Amendments Act of 1992"
1832:Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
736:, which had already been rejected by the
656:Recording Industry Association of America
636:Periodical, cyclopedic, or composite work
600:Learn how and when to remove this message
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
199:Learn how and when to remove this message
1565:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
898:Stanford Center for Internet and Society
414:on June 4, 1992 (without objection)
76:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
1453:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
1322:Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998
1039:
1037:
2056:
1987:Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.
1760:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
1656:Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates
1640:Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.
1549:Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.
1356:Family Entertainment and Copyright Act
856:, U.S. Copyright Office, 72 Fed. Reg.
761:National Film Preservation Act of 1988
756:National Film Preservation Act of 1992
749:National Film Preservation Act of 1992
639:Work copyrighted by a corporate entity
1955:RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.
1093:
951:
783:Title III: Other Copyright Provisions
1971:Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC
1947:Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.
1824:Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
1597:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
1051:. Library of Congress. June 26, 1992
1034:
835:. Library of Congress. June 26, 1992
582:adding citations to reliable sources
553:
137:adding citations to reliable sources
108:
56:
15:
1979:Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc.
1880:Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
1752:Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp.
1613:Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith
1541:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
1223:International Copyright Act of 1891
872:"Circular 15, Renewal of Copyright"
870:U.S. Copyright Office (July 2006).
680:Reaction against the 1992 amendment
13:
1939:Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena
1784:In re Aimster Copyright Litigation
1696:Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.
1605:Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
1517:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
1287:Copyright Remedy Clarification Act
1121:Copyright law of the United States
1015:Auchard, Eric (January 22, 2007).
809:Copyright law of the United States
443:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
276:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
2080:
1840:Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc.
1632:Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.
1067:
31:This article has multiple issues.
1589:Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com
1581:Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands
1327:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
769:National Film Preservation Board
558:
463:Copyright Amendments Act of 1992
242:
113:
61:
20:
2029:Home Recording Rights Coalition
1008:
995:
952:Staff, Ars (January 25, 2007).
708:Northern District of California
569:needs additional citations for
148:"Copyright Renewal Act of 1992"
124:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
1142:United States Copyright Office
971:
945:
932:
901:
888:
847:
821:
727:Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
485:protection is contingent on a
1:
1888:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
1856:Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.
1792:NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute
1293:Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
814:
684:In 2007, four plaintiffs—the
434:Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
237:Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
2064:102nd United States Congress
1995:Hachette v. Internet Archive
1963:Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.
1316:Copyright Term Extension Act
1304:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
550:Eligibility to claim renewal
461:, is the first title of the
256:102nd United States Congress
7:
1477:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
797:
738:United States Supreme Court
650:Music industry implications
404:on November 25, 1991 (
231:United States copyright law
10:
2085:
1776:Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.
88:Such statements should be
2009:
1906:
1872:Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc
1623:
1418:
1409:
1388:
1365:
1348:
1281:Visual Artists Rights Act
1273:
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2042:You Wouldn't Steal a Car
1298:Audio Home Recording Act
1075:Full text available here
1379:Music Modernization Act
1310:No Electronic Theft Act
1173:Section 108 Study Group
929:Billboard 20 June 1992.
894:Sprigman, Christopher.
674:Little Bitty Pretty One
393:Committee consideration
328:U.S.C. sections amended
2024:Don't Copy That Floppy
1779:(9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)
1525:Quality King v. L'anza
1168:Register of Copyrights
1079:U.S. Copyright Office
1001:Auchard, Eric (2007).
907:Holland, Bill (1992).
792:Register of Copyrights
765:National Film Registry
467:United States Congress
1800:BMG Music v. Gonzalez
1648:Eltra Corp. v. Ringer
1249:Copyright Act of 1976
1233:Copyright Act of 1909
1218:Copyright Act of 1870
1213:Copyright Act of 1831
1208:Copyright Act of 1790
777:Librarian of Congress
763:and reauthorized the
616:The author, if living
495:Copyright Act of 1976
491:U.S. Copyright Office
479:Copyright Act of 1976
314:Copyright Act of 1976
1228:Printing Act of 1895
1083:Renewal of Copyright
986:487 F.3d 697
712:Million Book Project
578:improve this article
487:renewal registration
133:improve this article
90:clarified or removed
2035:Nimmer on Copyright
1918:(C.C.D. Mass. 1841)
1461:Banks v. Manchester
773:Library of Congress
389:) on March 21, 1991
360:Legislative history
238:
1533:Eldred v. Ashcroft
1469:Callaghan v. Myers
694:Prelinger Archives
643:Work made for hire
475:United States Code
236:
2051:
2050:
2005:
2004:
1958:(W.D. Wash. 2000)
1429:Wheaton v. Peters
1405:
1404:
1163:Copyright Catalog
980:Kahle v. Gonzales
938:Lee, Tim (2007).
804:Kahle v. Gonzales
703:Kahle v. Ashcroft
610:
609:
602:
493:. It amended the
431:
430:
422:George H. W. Bush
402:Passed the Senate
373:in the Senate as
288:Statutes at Large
227:
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209:
208:
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183:
107:
106:
54:
2076:
2014:Berne Convention
1990:(C.D. Cal. 2015)
1942:(M.D. Fla. 1993)
1934:(N.D. Cal. 1986)
1896:Naruto v. Slater
1688:Whelan v. Jaslow
1445:Trade-Mark Cases
1416:
1415:
1198:
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1137:Copyright Clause
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696:and its founder
688:and its founder
686:Internet Archive
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527:copyright office
465:, an act of the
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424:on June 26, 1992
412:Passed the House
379:Dennis DeConcini
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1998:(S.D.N.Y. 2023)
1982:(S.D.N.Y. 2013)
1974:(S.D.N.Y. 2010)
1966:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
1950:(S.D.N.Y. 1999)
1926:(E.D.N.Y. 1973)
1915:Folsom v. Marsh
1902:
1899:(9th Cir. 2018)
1891:(9th Cir. 2015)
1875:(9th Cir. 2013)
1859:(9th Cir. 2012)
1843:(9th Cir. 2010)
1835:(2nd Cir. 2008)
1827:(9th Cir. 2006)
1819:(2nd Cir. 2006)
1816:Blanch v. Koons
1811:(2nd Cir. 2006)
1803:(7th Cir. 2005)
1787:(7th Cir. 2003)
1771:(5th Cir. 2002)
1763:(9th Cir. 2001)
1755:(1st Cir. 2000)
1747:(9th Cir. 2000)
1731:(9th Cir. 1997)
1723:(2nd Cir. 1995)
1707:(2nd Cir. 1992)
1704:Rogers v. Koons
1699:(5th Cir. 1988)
1683:(9th Cir. 1986)
1667:(7th Cir. 1983)
1659:(9th Cir. 1978)
1651:(4th Cir. 1978)
1643:(9th Cir. 1970)
1619:
1557:Golan v. Holder
1437:Baker v. Selden
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1680:Fisher v. Dees
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1509:Feist v. Rural
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914:July 11, 1992.
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590:December 2017
583:
579:
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567:This section
565:
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459:June 26, 1992
456:
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189:December 2017
181:
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150: –
149:
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144:Find sources:
138:
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122:This article
120:
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98:December 2017
91:
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79:
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70:This article
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18:
17:
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1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1907:Lower courts
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1082:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:Congress.gov
1048:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:
1010:
997:
978:
973:
961:. Retrieved
958:Ars Technica
957:
947:
942:Ars Technica
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865:
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837:. Retrieved
833:Congress.gov
832:
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716:orphan works
701:
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596:
587:
576:Please help
571:verification
568:
544:
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392:
370:
310:Acts amended
305:Codification
233:
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195:
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155:
143:
131:Please help
126:verification
123:
95:
82:unverifiable
74:weasel words
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
1412:and rulings
1055:December 4,
992: 2007).
858:61801-61806
839:December 4,
449:, 106
375:S. 756
84:information
2058:Categories
1410:Precedents
815:References
505:Under the
457:, enacted
406:voice vote
371:Introduced
352:§ 409
348:§ 408
344:§ 304
340:§ 108
336:§ 101
267:Public law
159:newspapers
36:improve it
1132:17 U.S.C.
1026:August 5,
963:August 5,
912:Billboard
669:Billboard
489:with the
483:copyright
293:106
262:Citations
72:contains
42:talk page
1396:CASE Act
1201:Pre-1976
1194:Statutes
990:9th Cir.
880:June 11,
798:See also
767:and the
471:Title 17
1329:(1998)
1021:Reuters
1005:Reuters
771:of the
706:in the
473:of the
447:102–307
439:Pub. L.
280:102–307
272:Pub. L.
173:scholar
1616:(2023)
1608:(2021)
1600:(2020)
1592:(2019)
1584:(2017)
1576:(2014)
1568:(2013)
1560:(2012)
1552:(2010)
1544:(2005)
1536:(2003)
1528:(1998)
1520:(1994)
1512:(1991)
1504:(1984)
1496:(1975)
1488:(1908)
1480:(1908)
1472:(1888)
1464:(1888)
1456:(1884)
1448:(1879)
1440:(1879)
1432:(1834)
1398:(2020)
1381:(2018)
1375:(2014)
1358:(2005)
1318:(1998)
1312:(1994)
1306:(1994)
1300:(1992)
1289:(1990)
1283:(1990)
988: (
984:,
732:Eldred
692:, and
453:
445:
334:
297:
278:
175:
168:
161:
154:
146:
78:biased
1389:2020s
1366:2010s
1349:2000s
1274:1990s
1258:1980s
1242:1970s
875:(PDF)
535:year.
451:Stat.
295:Stat.
180:JSTOR
166:books
1154:CARP
1057:2017
1028:2017
965:2017
882:2018
841:2017
753:The
734:case
525:The
254:the
152:news
1158:CRB
580:by
455:264
395:by
377:by
299:264
135:by
80:or
2060::
1047:.
1036:^
1019:.
956:.
919:^
831:.
779:.
740:.
666:A
497:.
436:,
387:AZ
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
45:.
2044:"
2040:"
1113:e
1106:t
1099:v
1059:.
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843:.
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597:(
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588:(
574:.
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385:-
383:D
381:(
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196:(
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187:(
177:·
170:·
163:·
156:·
129:.
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96:(
92:.
86:.
52:)
48:(
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