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moment, and the optics in the gun register where on the screen the gun is aimed. That information is sent to the computer, which registers the shot. ... Positional guns are mounted stationary on the arcade cabinet with the ability to aim left/right and up/down. They function much like joysticks, which maintain a known location on screen at all times and register the current location when fired.
45:
747:, and have the ability to indicate the stick's displacement from its neutral position. This means that the software does not have to keep track of the position or estimate the speed at which the controls are moved. These devices usually use potentiometers to determine the position of the stick, though some newer models instead use a
193:(NRL) and patented in 1926 (U.S. Patent no. 1,597,416)". NRL was actively developing remote controlled aircraft at the time and the joystick was possibly used to support this effort. In the awarded patent, Mirick writes: "My control system is particularly applicable in maneuvering aircraft without a pilot."
1614:
series, are distinctly different from positional guns used by arcade games such as SEGA's
Gunblade NY. ... Light guns differ from positional guns, such as in Gunblade NY (bottom), that are essentially analog joysticks. ... Positional guns are essentially analog sticks mounted in a fixed location with
820:
A hat switch is a control on some joysticks. It is also known as a POV (point of view) switch in electronic games, where it allows one to look around in one's virtual world, browse menus, etc. For example, many flight simulators use it to switch the player's views, while other games sometimes use it
175:
school. George was a pioneer aviator who with his colleague
Jobling built and flew a biplane at Newcastle in England in 1910. The George and Jobling aircraft control column is in the collection of the Discovery Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Joysticks were present in early planes, though
1655:
The two routes to conventional gun control are light guns and positional guns. Light guns are the most common for video game systems of any type. They work optically with screen and do not keep track of location on the screen until the gun is fired. When the gun is fired, the screen blanks for a
902:
In recent times, the employment of joysticks has become commonplace in many industrial and manufacturing applications, such as cranes, assembly lines, forestry equipment, mining trucks, and excavators. In fact, the use of such joysticks is in such high demand, that it has virtually replaced the
919:
sensing to such applications in the 1980s as a means of contactless sensing. Several companies produce joysticks for industrial applications using Hall effect technology. Another technology used in joystick design is the use of strain gauges to build force transducers from which the output is
1908:
Unlike most flight sticks for sale on the US market, which tend to be based with varying levels of verisimilitude on US fighter aircraft control columns, the
MongoosT-50 is built to mirror the control stick on Russian aircraftâspecifically, the fifth-generation Russian Sukhoi Su-35 and PAK FA
357:
are used to move a motorized tank and a two-way joystick is used to shoot and steer the missile onto oncoming planes displayed on the screen; when a plane is hit, an explosion is animated on screen along with an explosion sound. In 1970, the game was released in North
America as
754:
In 1997, ThrustMaster, Inc. introduced a 3D programmable controller, which was integrated into computer games to experience flight simulations. This line adapted several aspects of NASA's RHC (Rotational Hand
Controller), which is used for landing and navigation methods.
278:
firm eventually became an important OEM supplier of joysticks to the computer industry and other users. The first use of joysticks outside the radio-controlled aircraft industry may have been in the control of powered wheelchairs, such as the
914:
Due to the highly hands-on, rough nature of such applications, the industrial joystick tends to be more robust than the typical video-game controller, and able to function over a high cycle life. This led to the development and employment of
1017:
could be taught to move a pointer on a screen by using a joystick. Both have consistently managed to demonstrate "conceptual knowledge" of the task required of them during trials, although rhesus monkeys were notably slower to do so.
923:
Some larger manufacturers of joysticks are able to customize joystick handles and grips specific to the OEM needs while small regional manufacturers often concentrate on selling standard products at higher prices to smaller OEMs.
534:
A variation of the joystick is the rotary joystick. It is a type of joystick-knob hybrid, where the joystick can be moved in various direction while at the same time being able to rotate the joystick. It is mainly used in arcade
575:. Instead of using light sensors, a positional gun is essentially an analog joystick mounted in a fixed location that records the position of the gun to determine where the player is aiming on the screen. It is often used for
719:
for example, it was perfectly common for people to have joysticks â we sold a lot of copies of
Descent. It was around that time the more modern FPS with mouse and keyboard came out, as opposed to just keyboard like
176:
their mechanical origins are uncertain. The coining of the term "joystick" may actually be credited to
Loraine, as his is the earliest known usage of the term, although he most certainly did not invent the device.
693:
However, since the beginning of the 21st century, these types of games have waned in popularity and are now considered a "dead" genre, and with that, gaming joysticks have been reduced to niche products. In
1980:, David W. Reeves, "Video Game and Simulator Joystick Controller with Geared Potentiometer Actuation", published (1995-07-25), issued (1995-07-25), assigned to Thrustmaster, Inc.
1033:
or conceptual acquisition" of the task, but they still performed "significantly above chance". Notably, the pigs experienced additional difficulties in comparison to the primates, as they were all
321:
console, released in 1972, created the first video game joysticks in 1967. They were able to control the horizontal and vertical position of a spot displayed on a screen. The earliest known
1560:
1029:
by designing a joystick which could be controlled with their snout. Unlike the chimpanzees or the rhesus monkeys, none of the four pigs was able to fully meet the 1996's test criteria for "
2348:
Hopkins, William D.; Washburn, David A.; Hyatt, Charles W. (1996). "Video-task acquisition in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A comparative analysis".
1861:
2146:
1893:
220:
transmitter was used by an operator to steer the missile towards its target. This joystick had on-off switches rather than analogue sensors. Both the Hs 293 and Fritz-X used FuG 230
283:(1963). During this time period NASA used joysticks as control devices as part of the Apollo missions. For example, the lunar lander test models were controlled with a joystick.
2422:
920:
proportional to the force applied rather than physical deflection. Miniature force transducers are used as additional controls on joysticks for menu selection functions.
87:
Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have push-buttons whose state can be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern
1189:
871:
527:
featured a true analog flight stick, used for movement. The joystick could register movement in any direction as well as measure the degree of push, which could move the
2418:
2267:
2236:
2046:
2077:
1112:
274:
In the 1960s the use of joysticks became widespread in radio-controlled model aircraft systems such as the Kwik Fly produced by Phill Kraft (1964). The now-defunct
48:
Possible elements of a video game joystick: 1. stick, 2. base, 3. trigger, 4. extra buttons, 5. autofire switch, 6. throttle, 7.
394:
controls with one eight-way joystick for movement and the other for changing the shooting direction. In North
America, it was released by Midway under the title
1826:
310:
CH Products Mach II analog joystick for Apple II computers. The small knobs are for (mechanical) calibration, and the sliders engage the self-centering springs.
1768:
707:
s poor sales could have been due to joysticks' being sold poorly because they were "going out of fashion" because more modern first-person shooters, such as
2785:
1037:
and so may have struggled with the details on screen, and they could not move the target with a joystick without taking their eyes off the screen first.
156:
955:, who find them easier to grasp than a standard mouse. Miniature joysticks are available for people with conditions involving muscular weakness such as
3311:
804:
cannot be comfortably emulated on a console joypad, so licensed home arcade sticks for these games have been manufactured for home consoles and PCs.
290:, for example all Airbus aircraft developed from the 1980s, the joystick has received a new lease on life for flight control in the form of the "
95:. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras, and
68:
consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. A joystick, also known as the
1871:
2150:
1903:
3349:
1453:
788:
An arcade stick is a large-format controller for use with home consoles or computers. They use the stick-and-button configuration of some
2107:
2427:
2470:
280:
1140:
1229:
1797:
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204:
radio control transmitter system used in certain German bomber aircraft, used to guide both the rocket-boosted anti-ship missile
190:
1200:
864:
510:
during the mid-1980s, though joysticksâespecially arcade-style onesâwere and are popular after-market add-ons for any console.
2196:
298:. The sidestick saves weight, improves movement and visibility in the cockpit, and may be safer in an accident than the yoke.
2390:
2244:
2030:
1597:
739:, due to their being controlled by one's thumbs) have become standard on controllers for video game consoles, popularized by
666:
3519:
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908:
259:. The Wasserfall steering equipment converted the electrical signal to radio signals and transmitted these to the missile.
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1740:
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633:
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1250:
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games, to control both the player's eight-directional movement and the gun's 360-degree direction. It was introduced by
228:
control signals to the ordnance's control surfaces. A comparable joystick unit was used for the contemporary
American
84:. It has various switches to control functions of the aircraft controlled by the Pilot and First Officer of the flight.
2771:
911:(ROVs) require at least one joystick to control either the vehicle, the on-board cameras, sensors and/or manipulators.
2437:
2394:
1836:
1642:
1630:
Advances in
Multimedia Information Processing-PCM 2005: 6th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Jeju Island, Korea
3570:
3494:
3342:
1634:
1772:
792:, such as those with particular multi-button arrangements. For example, the six button layout of the arcade games
99:. Miniature finger-operated joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as
1311:
943:
for people with fairly severe physical disabilities. Rather than controlling games, these joysticks control the
196:
The Germans developed an electrical two-axis joystick around 1944. The device was used as part of the Germans'
3458:
3417:
2463:
2268:"If You Don't Find This Video About Robot Wheelchairs for Babies' Heartwarming, You Probably Don't Have a Soul"
2005:
1046:
825:. Computer gamepads with both an analogue stick and a D-pad usually assign POV switch scancodes to the latter.
168:
1976:
637:
3580:
3306:
2577:
503:
410:
17:
294:," a controller similar to a gaming joystick but which is used to control flight, replacing the traditional
3560:
3174:
3145:
1922:
682:. VirPil Controls' MongoosT-50 joystick was designed to mimic the style of Russian aircraft (including the
135:
aircraft of 1908, in combination with a foot-operated rudder bar for the yaw control surface on the tail.
3335:
2971:
2913:
903:
traditional mechanical control lever in nearly all modern hydraulic control systems. Additionally, most
661:
1950:
713:, were "very much about the mouse and keyboard". He went further on to state "Before that, when we did
3565:
3463:
3453:
3150:
2147:"Microsoft Combat Flight Simulator 2, EU-Inside Moves Series, Jeff Van West, Book - Barnes & Noble"
672:
650:
560:
30:"Control stick" redirects here. For the joystick often called a control stick in many controllers, see
1977:
1427:
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2964:
2659:
2456:
1724:
1707:
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1414:
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38:
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respect to the screen. Light guns, in contrast, have no fixed a priori relationship with a display.
1545:
1525:
1393:
944:
382:
2384:"Fire-Control and Human-Computer Interaction: Towards a History of the Computer Mouse (1940â1965)"
338:
3422:
3366:
3224:
3219:
3107:
3080:
2588:
2558:
1866:
1831:
904:
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were in demand with PC gamers. They were considered a prerequisite for flight simulators such as
148:
3524:
840:
744:
550:
124:
2091:
1667:
1628:
1341:
3114:
1718:
1701:
1684:
1408:
1375:
1358:
1051:
960:
878:
763:
628:'s Cyborg 3D Gold around the 2000s. Note its throttle, its extra buttons, and its hat switch.
614:
604:
598:
588:
3473:
3102:
933:
715:
514:
460:
407:
160:
766:. The product, called the Force FX joystick was followed by force feedback joysticks from
235:
This German invention was picked up by someone in the team of scientists assembled at the
8:
2976:
2685:
1454:"Shoulder Buttons of Giants: The Evolution of Controllers Leading Up to PS4 and Xbox One"
531:
at different speeds depending on how far the joystick was pushed in a certain direction.
480:
472:
402:
391:
377:
350:
2222:
1801:
487:
standard digital joystick specification. Joysticks were commonly used as controllers in
3555:
3448:
3407:
3379:
3358:
2695:
2523:
2325:
2298:
956:
748:
656:
495:
248:
88:
1249:
USAAF Wright Field Air Technical Service Command, T-2 Intelligence Department (1946).
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2493:
2433:
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2209:
2099:
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2011:
2001:
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also miniature joysticks have been established for the efficient manual operation of
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579:
568:
373:
2122:
3427:
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2310:
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1169:
1056:
1006:
992:
828:
The term hat switch is a shortening of the term "coolie hat switch," named for the
528:
417:, using an eight-way joystick to aim with a crosshair and shoot at enemy aircraft.
414:
318:
262:
232:
steerable munition, strictly to laterally steer the munition in the yaw axis only.
1998:
It came from outer space : everyday products and ideas from the space program
1225:
172:
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3119:
3097:
3060:
3008:
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2823:
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1255:(YouTube). The Digital Implosion. Event occurs at 13:45 to 15:00. Archived from
1091:
1061:
936:
536:
346:
322:
295:
206:
96:
2409:(11 pages) (NB. This is based on an earlier German article published in 1996 in
1894:"VPC's MongoosT-50 joystick: A rare Russian-style controller for skies or space"
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3085:
2855:
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267:
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2518:
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2042:
1428:"Joyride to Joystick: Atari Controller Custom-Built from a Car Seat Adjuster"
1014:
800:
523:
507:
445:
314:
275:
128:
2763:
2379:
2015:
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for control since they are simple and effective to use as a control method.
3162:
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2752:
2742:
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2334:
2172:
1898:
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645:
518:
363:
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132:
100:
92:
77:
65:
31:
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3055:
3023:
2865:
2712:
2700:
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2448:
1457:
1030:
916:
852:
762:) was manufactured by CH Products under license from technology creator,
700:
698:'s interview with Jim Boone, a producer at Volition Inc., he stated that
576:
334:
326:
240:
1520:
558:(1986). SNK later used rotary joystick controls in arcade games such as
3534:
3389:
2993:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2631:
2621:
2543:
2361:
1010:
476:
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291:
252:
81:
3399:
3384:
3374:
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3271:
3266:
3250:
3179:
3018:
2870:
2833:
2654:
2538:
2508:
1252:
WF 12-105, Captured Film, 'Fritz X' German Radio-Controlled Dive Bomb
1034:
948:
812:
660:. Joysticks became especially popular with the mainstream success of
572:
396:
386:
189:
The electrical two-axis joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the
2299:"Acquisition of a Joystick-Operated Video Task by Pigs (Sus scrofa)"
3529:
3209:
2860:
2795:
2737:
2707:
2240:
1927:
1431:
767:
740:
695:
641:
609:
499:
287:
167:
for using the term "joystick" in his diary in 1909 when he went to
1113:"English Channel Armada to Mark Centenary of Louis Blériot Flight"
3468:
3043:
2981:
2935:
2513:
2272:
1626:
1317:
1066:
877:
Miniature joystick to be operated by the right thumb, next to an
836:
632:
During the 1990s, joysticks such as the CH Products Flightstick,
545:
256:
212:
120:
73:
216:, against maritime and other targets. Here, the joystick of the
111:
3157:
2930:
2747:
2000:. Burke, Robert (Robert L.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
1397:
1021:
In 2021, another pair of researchers investigated the level of
856:
625:
244:
2626:
1086:
822:
593:
369:
354:
151:. There are also competing claims on behalf of fellow pilots
147:
is thought to originate with early 20th century French pilot
3234:
3128:
1549:. No. 52 (February 1986). 16 January 1986. p. 51.
835:
In a real aircraft, the hat switch may control things like
583:
330:
229:
1627:
Yo-Sung Ho & Hyoung Joong Kim (November 13â16, 2005),
44:
3214:
3038:
2297:
Croney, Candace C.; Boysen, Sarah T. (11 February 2021).
2199:, dpreview.com 19 January 2017, retrieved 19 August 2020.
1955:
1571:. Vol. 15, no. 5. February 1990. pp. 61â2.
1505:
1026:
540:
479:, is a digital controller with a single fire button. The
210:, and the unpowered pioneering precision-guided munition
2237:"Robotics Improves Movement in Kids with Cerebral Palsy"
2212:, dpreview.com 11 April 2008, retrieved 19 August 2020.
1610:
Light guns, such as the NES Zapper or those used in the
2225:, dpreview.com 23 April 2018, retrieved 19 August 2020.
758:
In 1997 the first gaming joystick with force feedback (
2419:
Verein der Freunde der Kunsthochschule fĂŒr Medien Köln
1582:
Morgan McGuire & Odest Chadwicke Jenkins (2009),
1479:"Masterpiece: The NES AdvantageâGod's own controller"
676:, as well as the "Six degrees of freedom" 3D shooter
372:
released a four-way joystick as part of their arcade
2347:
1995:
1923:"Volition Would "Commit Murder" to Make Freespace 3"
424:
Computer port view of the Atari standard connector:
76:
of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a
2197:
Fujifilm X100F steps up to 24.3MP, adds AF joystick
1281:United States Office of Strategic Services (1943).
986:
A joystick designed specifically to be used by pigs
127:, and are first known to have been used as such on
1585:Creating Games: Mechanics, Content, and Technology
1190:"A Timeline of NRL's Autonomous Systems Research"
774:, and others, also under license from Immersion.
3547:
2265:
1287:(YouTube). The Digital Implosion. Archived from
851:Apart from buttons, wheels and dials as well as
567:A distinct variation of an analog joystick is a
2411:Lab. Jahrbuch 1995/1996 fĂŒr KĂŒnste und Apparate
2393:, Program in Science, Technology, and Society.
2234:
1948:
1791:
1789:
1316:vintagecomputing.com (originally published at
119:Joysticks originated as controls for aircraft
27:Control lever used in aircraft and video games
3343:
3312:History of computing hardware (1960sâpresent)
2793:
2779:
2464:
2292:
2290:
2031:"For Your Games, a Joystick That Pushes Back"
1451:
115:Cockpit of a glider with its joystick visible
2296:
2149:. Search.barnesandnoble.com. Archived from
2120:
1820:
1818:
1786:
1771:. MyGamer. November 9, 2004. Archived from
1515:
1513:
1284:WW2: Azon (1943) Radio-Controlled Dive Bomb
3350:
3336:
2786:
2772:
2478:
2471:
2457:
2287:
1920:
1855:
1853:
1763:
1761:
1425:
897:
751:for greater reliability and reduced size.
2324:
2314:
2221:Carey Rose, Rishi Sanyal, Dan Bracaglia:
1862:"What Happened To The Last Starfighters?"
1337:
1335:
1230:United States Patent and Trademark Office
72:, is the principal control device in the
1815:
1734:
1732:
1565:dedicated video gun game makes its mark"
1510:
811:
620:
549:(1985) before it was popularized by the
419:
305:
261:
243:. Here a part of the team on the German
110:
43:
2123:"Arcade in a Box Xbox 360 Arcade Stick"
2062:"When Joystick Starts Shaking, Hang On"
1850:
1824:
1758:
1738:
1309:
1197:United States Naval Research Laboratory
1163:
947:. They are often useful to people with
927:
191:United States Naval Research Laboratory
179:
14:
3548:
3357:
2059:
1891:
1553:
1386:
1332:
1223:
1141:"A Great Idea That's All in the Wrist"
1138:
909:submersible remotely operated vehicles
865:mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
3331:
2767:
2452:
2423:Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König
2391:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2028:
1795:
1729:
1394:In Search Of The First Video Game Gun
3520:Integrated standby instrument system
3317:List of pioneers in computer science
2170:
1949:Jonathan Drake (24 September 2011).
1769:"Space Interceptor: Project Freedom"
1739:Peckham, Matt (September 26, 2006).
1523:[The Man Who Made "Ikari"].
932:Specialist joysticks, classed as an
498:, but they gave way to the familiar
224:radio receivers in them to send the
1859:
1533:
1226:"Electrical Distant Control System"
1166:"Questions & Answers: Joystick"
1110:
1072:Glossary of computer hardware terms
301:
270:joystick-type hand controller, 1962
24:
2372:
2266:Andrew Liszewski (28 April 2012).
2080:from the original on May 21, 2023.
2049:from the original on May 21, 2023.
543:, initially with the tank shooter
25:
3592:
2444:
2121:Gerry Block (December 18, 2007).
2110:from the original on Apr 5, 2023.
1951:"Nintendo 64: Launching a Legacy"
1860:Wen, Howard (February 12, 2008).
690:), unlike most flight joysticks.
571:, which works differently from a
349:that used it as part of an early
3495:Air data inertial reference unit
2378:
1892:Hirsch, Matthew (June 4, 2017).
998:Joystick on the left when in use
991:
979:
970:
885:
870:
777:
582:, with early examples including
2415:Kunsthochschule fĂŒr Medien Köln
2400:from the original on 2021-06-28
2341:
2259:
2235:Darleen Hartley (22 May 2009).
2228:
2215:
2202:
2190:
2164:
2139:
2114:
2084:
2053:
2022:
1989:
1970:
1942:
1914:
1885:
1825:LaMosca, Adam (July 18, 2006).
1712:
1695:
1678:
1661:
1635:Springer Science & Business
1620:
1575:
1495:
1471:
1445:
1419:
1402:
1369:
1352:
1164:Quinion, Michael (2004-07-17).
963:as well. They are also used on
97:zero turning radius lawn mowers
49:
3459:Horizontal situation indicator
3418:Horizontal situation indicator
2210:Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX3 Review
1921:Tom Senior (7 February 2011).
1303:
1274:
1242:
1217:
1182:
1157:
1139:Zeller, Tom Jr. (2005-06-05).
1132:
1104:
1047:Aircraft flight control system
13:
1:
3307:History of computing hardware
2029:Manes, Stephen (1997-02-25).
1996:Bijlefeld, Marjolijn (2003).
1800:. GameCritics. Archived from
1452:Grant Brunner (27 May 2013).
1097:
816:Hat switch - at top, in green
807:
504:Nintendo Entertainment System
3175:Network interface controller
1796:Weise, Matt (May 28, 2003).
1310:Edwards, Benj (2007-05-15).
965:electric powered wheelchairs
662:space flight simulator games
7:
2972:Refreshable braille display
2914:Refreshable braille display
1743:. SciFi.com. Archived from
1502:Space Harrier Retrospective
1426:Jamie Rigg (22 June 2012).
1040:
477:Atari Video Computer System
247:program was developing the
106:
10:
3597:
3464:Inertial navigation system
3454:Course deviation indicator
2060:Hutsko, Joe (1999-02-04).
1529:(in Japanese). March 2001.
939:, are used to replace the
846:
781:
400:. In 1976, Taito released
381:in 1973, while their 1975
255:, the first ground-to-air
184:
163:. Loraine is cited by the
138:
36:
29:
3487:
3441:
3398:
3365:
3299:
3243:
3202:
3193:
3071:
3007:
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2879:
2814:
2805:
2725:
2668:
2609:
2602:
2486:
2316:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631755
1725:Killer List of Videogames
1708:Killer List of Videogames
1691:Killer List of Videogames
1674:Killer List of Videogames
1415:Killer List of Videogames
1382:Killer List of Videogames
1365:Killer List of Videogames
1348:Killer List of Videogames
475:, developed for the 1977
413:that involved piloting a
165:Oxford English Dictionary
39:Joystick (disambiguation)
2733:List of game controllers
1546:Computer and Video Games
1312:"Video Games Turn Forty"
905:unmanned aerial vehicles
863:Miniature joystick on a
830:similar looking headgear
821:as a substitute for the
383:multidirectional shooter
3571:Computing input devices
3423:Turn and slip indicator
3081:Central processing unit
2589:Virtual reality headset
2303:Frontiers in Psychology
898:Industrial applications
483:was for many years the
411:combat flight simulator
149:Robert Esnault-Pelterie
52:, 8. suction cups.
3525:Primary flight display
2480:Video game controllers
1224:Mirick, C. B. (1926).
1199:. 2011. Archived from
1009:established that both
817:
745:Nintendo 64 controller
729:Since the late 1990s,
629:
551:run and gun video game
468:
333:as part of their 1969
311:
271:
116:
53:
2432:in Cologne, Germany.
2173:"Helicopter Aviation"
1978:US Patent 5436640
1541:"Arcade Action: Tank"
1052:The Arcade (joystick)
961:motor neurone disease
879:electronic viewfinder
815:
764:Immersion Corporation
624:
423:
325:joystick with a fire
309:
265:
237:Heeresversuchsanstalt
114:
60:, sometimes called a
47:
3581:Computer peripherals
3474:Satellite navigation
1561:"Bustin' Out: SNK's
1111:AFP (25 July 2009).
951:conditions, such as
934:assistive technology
928:Assistive technology
651:F-16 Fighting Falcon
638:Microsoft SideWinder
180:Electronic joysticks
50:hat switch (POV hat)
37:For other uses, see
3561:American inventions
2686:Gesture recognition
2559:Musical Instruments
481:Atari joystick port
473:Atari CX40 joystick
355:directional buttons
251:, a variant of the
171:to learn to fly at
89:video game consoles
3449:Aircraft periscope
3408:Attitude indicator
3380:Airspeed indicator
3359:Flight instruments
2524:Interactive urinal
2389:. Mindell, David.
2362:10.1007/BF02381407
2247:on August 20, 2016
2223:Sony a7 III Review
2066:The New York Times
2035:The New York Times
1827:"Lost in the Void"
1804:on January 6, 2008
1747:on 17 October 2006
957:muscular dystrophy
818:
749:Hall effect sensor
657:LHX Attack Chopper
630:
469:
353:scheme, where two
317:, inventor of the
312:
272:
249:Wasserfall missile
117:
54:
3566:Aircraft controls
3543:
3542:
3413:Heading indicator
3325:
3324:
3295:
3294:
3225:Analog audio jack
2946:
2945:
2761:
2760:
2721:
2720:
2691:Haptic technology
2549:Motion controller
2494:Arcade controller
2092:"Good Vibrations"
1906:on June 5, 2017.
1775:on March 10, 2012
1612:House of the Dead
1599:978-1-56881-305-9
1082:Kempston joystick
1077:Gravis PC GamePad
795:Street Fighter II
784:Arcade controller
493:second generation
374:racing video game
157:James Henry Joyce
16:(Redirected from
3588:
3576:Game controllers
3469:Magnetic compass
3428:Turn coordinator
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3200:
3199:
2851:Optical trackpad
2816:Pointing devices
2812:
2811:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2650:Telephone keypad
2610:Physical buttons
2607:
2606:
2603:Controller parts
2487:Controller types
2473:
2466:
2459:
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2449:
2431:
2408:
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2318:
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2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2243:. Archived from
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2208:Richard Butler:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2171:Cantrell, Paul.
2168:
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1911:
1902:. Archived from
1889:
1883:
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1879:
1870:. Archived from
1857:
1848:
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1835:. Archived from
1822:
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1590:A K Peters, Ltd.
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1392:Stephen Totilo,
1390:
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1170:World Wide Words
1161:
1155:
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1152:
1151:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1108:
1057:Flight simulator
1007:scientific study
995:
983:
889:
874:
726:or something.".
706:
646:Thrustmaster FCS
529:player character
513:In 1985, Sega's
329:was released by
319:Magnavox Odyssey
302:Electronic games
21:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3515:Head-up display
3483:
3437:
3394:
3361:
3356:
3326:
3321:
3291:
3239:
3189:
3067:
3061:USB flash drive
3010:
3003:
2942:
2875:
2829:Game controller
2824:Graphics tablet
2801:
2792:
2762:
2757:
2717:
2664:
2598:
2482:
2477:
2447:
2425:
2413:(350 pages) by
2403:
2401:
2397:
2386:
2375:
2373:Further reading
2370:
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2250:
2248:
2233:
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2195:
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2181:
2179:
2177:www.copters.com
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2115:
2090:
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2027:
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2008:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1971:
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1649:
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1637:, p. 688,
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1592:, p. 408,
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1100:
1092:Yoke (aircraft)
1062:Game controller
1043:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
988:
987:
984:
973:
937:pointing device
930:
900:
893:
890:
881:
875:
849:
810:
790:arcade cabinets
786:
780:
704:
347:simulation game
323:electronic game
304:
286:In many modern
207:Henschel Hs 293
187:
182:
141:
109:
42:
35:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
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5:
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3497:
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3489:
3488:Related topics
3485:
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3439:
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3435:
3433:Turn indicator
3430:
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3404:
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3395:
3393:
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3185:Expansion card
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3136:
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3086:Microprocessor
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2969:
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2952:Output devices
2948:
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2894:
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2858:
2856:Pointing stick
2853:
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2681:Force feedback
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2584:Remote control
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2556:
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2504:Digital camera
2501:
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2490:
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2483:
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2446:
2445:External links
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2006:
1988:
1969:
1941:
1913:
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1757:
1741:"DarkStar One"
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1145:New York Times
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1118:Times of Malta
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1015:rhesus monkeys
997:
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989:
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978:
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953:cerebral palsy
941:computer mouse
929:
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884:
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848:
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809:
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782:Main article:
779:
776:
673:Wing Commander
634:Gravis Phoenix
569:positional gun
555:Ikari Warriors
456:+5 V DC,
303:
300:
268:Project Gemini
186:
183:
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153:Robert Loraine
140:
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108:
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70:control column
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3510:Glass cockpit
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3257:Parallel port
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2892:Image scanner
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2658:
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2642:Select button
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Gaming keypad
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Balance board
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2439:
2438:3-88375-245-2
2435:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2327:
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2317:
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2308:
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2300:
2293:
2291:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2153:on 2007-09-29
2152:
2148:
2142:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1874:on 2009-02-25
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1839:on 2008-02-25
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1746:
1742:
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1726:
1722:
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1705:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1646:
1644:3-540-30040-6
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:Beast Busters
1556:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1291:on 2013-12-05
1290:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1262:on 2014-01-31
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1206:on 2015-09-08
1202:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
994:
982:
971:Non-human use
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
925:
921:
918:
912:
910:
906:
892:Detailed view
888:
883:
880:
873:
868:
866:
862:
861:
860:
858:
854:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
814:
805:
803:
802:
801:Mortal Kombat
797:
796:
791:
785:
778:Arcade sticks
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
732:analog sticks
727:
725:
724:
718:
717:
712:
711:
703:
702:
697:
691:
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
644:WingMan, and
643:
639:
635:
627:
623:
619:
617:
616:
611:
608:in 1977; and
607:
606:
601:
600:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
562:
561:Guerrilla War
557:
556:
552:
548:
547:
542:
538:
532:
530:
526:
525:
524:Space Harrier
520:
516:
511:
509:
508:Master System
505:
501:
497:
496:game consoles
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
466:
462:
459:
455:
452:fire button,
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
416:
412:
409:
405:
404:
399:
398:
393:
389:
388:
384:
380:
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
356:
352:
348:
345:
341:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Ralph H. Baer
308:
299:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
277:
276:Kraft Systems
269:
264:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:
209:
208:
203:
199:
194:
192:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
129:Louis Bleriot
126:
122:
113:
104:
102:
101:mobile phones
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
18:Control stick
3442:Navigational
3367:Pitot-static
3163:Power MOSFET
3146:Power supply
3115:Data storage
3051:Flash memory
3029:Optical disc
3011:data storage
2753:Toys-to-life
2743:Reset button
2646:Start button
2637:Scroll wheel
2617:Analog stick
2578:direct drive
2528:
2410:
2402:. Retrieved
2353:
2349:
2343:
2306:
2302:
2279:17 September
2277:. Retrieved
2271:
2261:
2251:16 September
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2230:
2217:
2204:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2141:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2116:
2095:
2086:
2065:
2055:
2034:
2024:
1997:
1991:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1954:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1926:
1916:
1907:
1904:the original
1899:Ars Technica
1897:
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:the original
1867:The Escapist
1865:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1832:The Escapist
1830:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1798:"Freelancer"
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1749:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1720:Battle Shark
1719:
1714:
1702:
1697:
1685:
1680:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1648:, retrieved
1629:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1603:, retrieved
1584:
1577:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1544:
1535:
1524:
1497:
1486:. Retrieved
1483:Ars Technica
1482:
1473:
1463:11 September
1461:. Retrieved
1447:
1437:15 September
1435:. Retrieved
1421:
1409:
1404:
1388:
1376:
1371:
1359:
1354:
1342:
1323:. Retrieved
1315:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:the original
1283:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1251:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1219:
1208:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1159:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:
1134:
1124:14 September
1122:. Retrieved
1116:
1106:
1025:in domestic
1023:intelligence
1020:
1004:
931:
922:
913:
901:
853:touchscreens
850:
834:
827:
819:
799:
793:
787:
772:Thrustmaster
757:
753:
736:
730:
728:
723:Wolfenstein
721:
714:
708:
699:
692:
688:Sukhoi Su-57
684:Sukhoi Su-35
677:
671:
665:
655:
649:
631:
615:Battle Shark
613:
603:
597:
587:
566:
559:
553:
544:
537:shoot 'em up
533:
522:
519:rail shooter
515:third-person
512:
484:
470:
464:
457:
453:
449:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
408:first-person
401:
395:
385:
376:
368:
364:Midway Games
359:
351:dual-control
337:
313:
285:
273:
266:A prototype
236:
234:
225:
221:
217:
211:
205:
201:
197:
195:
188:
164:
161:A. E. George
144:
142:
133:Bleriot VIII
118:
93:analog stick
86:
78:centre stick
69:
66:input device
62:flight stick
61:
57:
55:
32:Analog stick
3262:Serial port
3253:(IEEE 1394)
3230:DisplayPort
3220:Thunderbolt
3093:Motherboard
3056:Memory card
3024:Floppy disk
2866:Touchscreen
2713:Touchscreen
2701:Digital pen
2594:Wired glove
2426: [
2356:: 197â206.
2182:20 December
1962:9 September
1458:ExtremeTech
1410:Interceptor
1035:far-sighted
1011:chimpanzees
1005:In 1996, a
917:Hall effect
907:(UAVs) and
737:thumbsticks
701:FreeSpace 2
415:jet fighter
406:, an early
403:Interceptor
390:introduced
387:Western Gun
335:arcade game
3550:Categories
3535:Yaw string
3400:Gyroscopic
3390:Variometer
3009:Removable
2994:Sound card
2924:Sound chip
2919:Sound card
2909:Microphone
2799:components
2632:Hat switch
2622:Arrow keys
2544:Microphone
2404:2021-08-24
2380:Roch, Axel
2157:2010-08-18
2132:2009-04-21
2007:0313058415
1878:2008-06-20
1843:2007-11-17
1808:2007-11-17
1779:2007-11-17
1751:2007-11-17
1703:Cross Fire
1650:2011-04-03
1605:2011-04-03
1521:"ăæăăäœăŁăç·"
1488:2018-10-02
1377:Astro Race
1325:2019-08-27
1235:2012-10-21
1210:2012-10-21
1175:2006-09-07
1150:2006-09-07
1098:References
808:Hat switch
605:Cross Fire
392:dual-stick
378:Astro Race
292:side-stick
253:V-2 rocket
241:PeenemĂŒnde
82:side-stick
3556:Joysticks
3385:Machmeter
3375:Altimeter
3272:PS/2 port
3267:Game port
3180:Fax modem
3019:Disk pack
2871:Trackball
2834:Light pen
2669:Sensitive
2655:Trackball
2539:Light gun
2509:Dance pad
2104:1059-1028
2074:0362-4331
2043:0362-4331
1669:Sea Devil
1260:(YouTube)
618:in 1978.
602:in 1976;
592:in 1972;
589:Sea Devil
580:gun games
573:light gun
502:with the
397:Gun Fight
288:airliners
222:StraĂburg
198:FunkgerÀt
173:Blériot's
143:The name
125:elevators
3530:V speeds
3251:FireWire
3244:Obsolete
3210:Ethernet
2989:Speakers
2887:Keyboard
2861:Touchpad
2796:computer
2738:Multitap
2708:Touchpad
2534:Keyboard
2529:Joystick
2417:mit dem
2395:Archived
2350:Primates
2335:33679560
2241:geek.com
2108:Archived
2078:Archived
2047:Archived
2016:61247073
1928:PC Gamer
1526:Continue
1432:Engadget
1360:S.A.M.I.
1295:July 21,
1266:July 24,
1041:See also
949:athetoid
841:elevator
768:Logitech
741:Nintendo
696:NowGamer
642:Logitech
610:Nintendo
564:(1989).
500:game pad
485:de facto
467:(pot x).
360:S.A.M.I.
281:Permobil
200:FuG 203
145:joystick
121:ailerons
107:Aviation
64:, is an
58:joystick
3300:Related
3203:Current
3044:Blu-ray
2982:Plotter
2977:Printer
2960:Monitor
2936:Softcam
2844:Optical
2726:Related
2660:Trigger
2514:Gamepad
2326:7928376
2273:Gizmodo
1909:(T-50).
1723:at the
1706:at the
1689:at the
1672:at the
1413:at the
1380:at the
1363:at the
1346:at the
1343:Missile
1318:1UP.com
1067:Gamepad
1031:motoric
945:pointer
857:cameras
847:Cameras
837:aileron
760:haptics
716:Descent
679:Descent
546:TNK III
517:arcade
440:right,
344:shooter
339:Missile
257:missile
213:Fritz-X
185:History
139:Origins
91:is the
74:cockpit
3158:MOSFET
3098:Memory
2965:Screen
2931:Webcam
2794:Basic
2748:R.O.B.
2696:Stylus
2564:Paddle
2436:
2333:
2323:
2102:
2072:
2041:
2014:
2004:
1984:
1934:29 May
1686:Attack
1641:
1596:
1569:RePlay
1398:Kotaku
843:trim.
667:X-Wing
626:Saitek
599:Attack
577:arcade
461:ground
436:left,
432:down,
327:button
245:rocket
226:Kehl's
159:, and
3277:eSATA
3195:Ports
2880:Other
2839:Mouse
2627:D-pad
2574:Wheel
2569:Pedal
2554:Mouse
2430:]
2398:(PDF)
2387:(PDF)
2096:Wired
1204:(PDF)
1193:(PDF)
1087:TAC-2
823:D-pad
710:Quake
705:'
664:like
594:Taito
521:game
489:first
370:Taito
3505:EFIS
3500:ECAM
3479:SIGI
3235:HDMI
3151:SMPS
3139:SSHD
3133:NVMe
3129:SATA
3108:BIOS
2434:ISBN
2331:PMID
2281:2015
2253:2015
2184:2015
2100:ISSN
2070:ISSN
2039:ISSN
2012:OCLC
2002:ISBN
1964:2015
1936:2015
1639:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1465:2015
1439:2015
1297:2013
1268:2013
1126:2015
1027:pigs
1013:and
735:(or
686:and
670:and
654:and
584:Sega
506:and
491:and
471:The
448:y),
428:up,
342:, a
331:Sega
296:yoke
230:Azon
218:Kehl
202:Kehl
123:and
3287:VGA
3282:DVI
3215:USB
3168:VRM
3125:SSD
3120:HDD
3103:RAM
3039:DVD
2902:GPU
2358:doi
2321:PMC
2311:doi
2127:IGN
1956:IGN
1506:IGN
959:or
839:or
798:or
743:'s
612:'s
596:'s
586:'s
541:SNK
446:pot
362:by
239:in
169:Pau
131:'s
80:or
3552::
3131:/
3034:CD
2440:.)
2428:de
2421:;
2382:.
2354:37
2352:.
2329:.
2319:.
2309:.
2307:12
2305:.
2301:.
2289:^
2270:.
2239:.
2175:.
2125:.
2106:.
2098:.
2094:.
2076:.
2068:.
2064:.
2045:.
2037:.
2033:.
2010:.
1953:.
1925:.
1896:.
1864:.
1852:^
1829:.
1817:^
1788:^
1760:^
1731:^
1653:,
1633:,
1608:,
1588:,
1567:.
1543:.
1512:^
1504:,
1481:.
1456:.
1430:.
1396:,
1334:^
1314:.
1228:.
1195:.
1168:.
1143:.
1115:.
859:.
832:.
770:,
640:,
636:,
465:9.
463:,
458:8.
454:7.
450:6.
442:5.
438:4.
434:3.
430:2.
426:1.
366:.
155:,
103:.
56:A
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3127:(
2787:e
2780:t
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2580:)
2576:(
2472:e
2465:t
2458:v
2407:.
2364:.
2360::
2337:.
2313::
2283:.
2255:.
2186:.
2160:.
2135:.
2018:.
1966:.
1938:.
1881:.
1846:.
1811:.
1782:.
1754:.
1491:.
1467:.
1441:.
1328:.
1320:)
1299:.
1270:.
1238:.
1213:.
1178:.
1153:.
1128:.
444:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
