Conservative Party (UK)

1722: 2029:, public opinion in favour of a change in government was reflected by poor polling from the Conservative Party, with Reform UK making strong polling gains. The Conservative manifesto focused on the economy, taxes, welfare, expanding free childcare, education, healthcare, environment, energy, transport, and crime. It pledged to lower taxes, increase education and NHS spending, deliver 92,000 more nurses and 28,000 more doctors, introduce a new model of National Service, and to treble Britain's offshore wind capacity and support solar energy. The final result was the lowest seat total at a general election in the history of the Conservative party, with well below the previous record low of 156 seats won at the 866: 2071: 2009: 21985: 22057: 3583: 21433: 3629:". Shadow Home Secretary Dominic Grieve said in 2008 that state multiculturalism policies had created a "terrible" legacy of "cultural despair" and dislocation, which has encouraged support for "extremists" on both sides of the debate. David Cameron responded to Grieve's comments by agreeing that policies of "state multiculturalism" that treat social groups as distinct, for example policies that "treat British Muslims as Muslims, rather than as British citizens", are wrong. However, he expressed support for the premise of multiculturalism on the whole. 21493: 18759: 21637: 3662: 1140: 21961: 4278: 21565: 21529: 1866: 21613: 587: 22093: 1400: 21913: 5337: 1338: 1951: 22105: 8570: 20658: 5052: 3476: 20648: 8584: 5028: 3464: 21973: 21883: 21667: 22021: 1792: 21457: 8556: 5040: 22045: 21901: 22117: 21775: 21703: 22009: 21871: 21787: 21625: 21517: 21421: 21949: 21847: 21577: 1452:

favoured the idea because it would lead to a "property-owning democracy", an important idea that had emerged in the 1920s. Some local Conservative-run councils enacted profitable local sales schemes during the late 1960s. By the 1970s, many working-class people could afford to buy homes, and eagerly adopted Thatcher's invitation to purchase their homes at a sizable discount. The new owners were more likely to vote Conservative, as Thatcher had hoped.

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terms, and supplementary benefits by 46% in real terms. However, family allowances fell by 15% in real terms. "Thirteen Wasted Years" was a popular slogan attacking the Conservative record, primarily from Labour. In addition, there were attacks by the right wing of the Conservative Party itself for its tolerance of socialist policies and reluctance to curb the legal powers of labour unions.

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it. Of course, radical right-wing populist parties are about more than migration and, indeed, culture wars more generally. Typically, they also put a premium on charismatic leadership and, if in office, on the rights of the executive over other branches of government and any intermediate institutions. And this is exactly what we have seen from the Conservative Party since 2019

1773:, the Conservatives formed a majority government under Cameron. After speculation of a referendum on the UK's EU membership throughout his premiership, a vote was announced for June 2016 in which Cameron campaigned to remain in the EU. On 24 June 2016, Cameron announced his intention to resign as Prime Minister, after he failed to convince the British public to 4209:. Whilst the vast majority of Conservatives in recent decades have been Eurosceptics, views among this group regarding the UK's relationship with the EU have been polarised between moderate, soft Eurosceptics who support continued British membership but oppose further harmonisation of regulations affecting business and accept participation in a 10965: 1538:. Soon after, approximately one million householders faced repossession of their homes during a recession that saw a sharp rise in unemployment, taking it close to 3 million people. The party subsequently lost much of its reputation for good financial stewardship. The end of the recession was declared in April 1993. From 1994 to 1997, Major 3968:, other national qualifications, apprenticeships and training. The restoration of discipline was also highlighted, as they want it to be easier for pupils to be searched for contraband items, the granting of anonymity to teachers accused by pupils, and the banning of expelled pupils being returned to schools via appeal panels. 4375:, and in 2013 membership was estimated by the party itself at 134,000. The Conservative Party had a membership of 124,000 in March 2018. In May 2019, its membership was thought to be around 160,000, with over half of its members being over 55. Its membership rose to 200,000 in March 2021. In July 2022 it had 172,437 members. 4543:, who had donated north of £2.2 million as of the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Donations to British political parties is only legal for citizens; the individuals who donated to the party had dual UK-Russian citizenship, and the donations were legal and properly declared. However, an investigation conducted by 901:", or "Pittites" and never used terms such as "Tory" or "Conservative". From about 1812, the name "Tory" was commonly used for a new party that, according to historian Robert Blake, "are the ancestors of Conservatism". Blake adds that Pitt's successors after 1812 "were not in any sense standard-bearers of 'true Toryism'". 4076:' issues to the forefront of his 2010 campaign. These included proposals designed to impose a tax on workplace car parking spaces, a halt to airport growth, a tax on cars with exceptionally poor petrol mileage, and restrictions on car advertising. Many of these policies were implemented in the Coalition—including the ' 10718: 10957: 9223:

right-wing parties are also increasing the presence of women within their ranks. Prominent female European leaders include Theresa May (until recently) and Angela Merkel, from the right-wing Conservative Party in the UK and the Christian Democratic Party in Germany respectively. This article examines

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wanted to 'support family life in Britain' and put families at the centre of domestic social policymaking. He stated in 2014 that there was 'no better place to start' in the Conservative mission of 'building society from the bottom up' than the family, which was responsible for individual welfare and

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In May 2010 the Conservative Party came to government, first under a coalition with the Liberal Democrats and later as a series of majority and minority governments. During this period there were five Conservative Prime Ministers: David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson, Liz Truss, and Rishi Sunak.

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in June 1982, along with the recovering British economy, saw the Conservatives returning quickly to the top of the opinion polls and winning the 1983 general election with a landslide majority, due to a split opposition vote. By the time of the general election in June 1987, the economy was stronger,

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and that lasted until the 1970s. The Conservatives were conciliatory towards unions, but they did privatise the steel and road haulage industries in 1953. During the Conservatives' thirteen-year tenure in office, pensions went up by 49% in real terms, sickness and unemployment benefits by 76% in real

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body, responsible for all operational matters (including fundraising, membership and candidates) and is made up of representatives from each (voluntary, political and professional) section of the Party. The Party Board meets about once a month and works closely with CCHQ, elected representatives and

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Other policies have included doubling the free hours of childcare for working parents of three and four-year-olds from 15 hours to 30 hours a week during term-time, although parents can reduce the number of hours per week to 22 and spread across 52 weeks of the year. The government also introduced a

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aimed at helping families achieve a work-home balance and have previously proposed to offer all parents 12 months parental leave, to be shared by parents as they choose. This policy is now in place, offering 50 weeks total parental leave, of which 37 weeks are paid leave, which can be shared between

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MPs, meeting weekly while parliament is sitting. Frontbench MPs have an open invitation to attend. The 1922 Committee plays a crucial role in the selection of party leaders. All Conservative MPs are members of the 1922 Committee by default. There are 20 executive members of the committee, agreed by

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During the period of the Cameron and Johnson governments, a number of Conservative MPs have been accused or convicted of sexual misconduct, with cases including the consumption of pornography in parliament, rape, groping, and sexual harassment. In 2017, a list of 36 sitting Conservative MPs accused

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of 1956 was a humiliating defeat for Prime Minister Eden, but his successor, Macmillan, minimised the damage and focused attention on domestic issues and prosperity. Following controversy over the selections of Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home via a process of consultation known as the 'Magic

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came to power. The Conservatives regained power in 1924 but were defeated in 1929 as a minority Labour government took office. In 1931, following the collapse of the Labour minority government, it entered another coalition, which was dominated by the Conservatives with some support from factions of

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rather than the installation of a supposedly more 'technocratic' cabinet halting and even reversing any transformation on the part of the Conservative Party from a mainstream centre-right formation into an ersatz radical right-wing populist outfit, it could just as easily accelerate and accentuate

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The Conservative Party aims to build enhanced bilateral defence relations with key European partners and believes that it is in Britain's national interest to cooperate fully with all its European neighbours. It has pledged to ensure that any EU military capability must supplement and not supplant

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remains and should remain the most important security alliance for the United Kingdom. It has advocated for the creation of a fairer funding mechanism for NATO's expeditionary operations and called for all NATO countries to meet their required defence spending 2% of GDP. Some Conservatives believe

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Socially conservative policies such as tax incentives for married couples may have played a role in the party's electoral decline in the 1990s and early 2000s, and so the party has attempted to seek a new direction. As part of their coalition with the Liberal Democrats, the Conservative government

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denounced Chamberlain's attack on free trade, and helped organise the opposition inside the Unionist/Conservative Party. Nevertheless, Balfour, as party leader, introduced protectionist legislation. Churchill crossed the floor and formally joined the Liberal Party (he rejoined the Conservatives in

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found that in spite of Johnson's claims that donations from those with links to the Russian government was to stop, since the start of the war, the Conservatives have accepted at least £243,000 from Russia and Kremlin-associated donors. In February 2022, the Labour Party used Electoral Commission

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applications, all increased substantially during Cameron's term in office. However, this was not solely as a result of intentional government policy – during this period, there were significant refugee flows into the UK and an increased level of asylum applications due to conflict and persecution

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to be included on the approved list of candidates, some candidates will be given the option of applying for any seat they choose, while others may be restricted to certain constituencies. A Conservative MP can only be deselected at a special general meeting of the local Conservative association,

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In higher education, the Conservatives have increased tuition fees to £9,250 per year, however have ensured that this will not be paid by anyone until they are earning over £25,000. The Scottish Conservatives also support the re-introduction of tuition fees in Scotland. In 2016, the Conservative

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The Conservatives see it as a priority to encourage all members of the European Union to do more in terms of a commitment to European security at home and abroad. Regarding the defence role of the European Union, the Conservatives pledged to re-examine some of Britain's EU Defence commitments to

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Nigel Keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914 but the war pulled the party together, allowing it to emphasise patriotism as it found new leadership and worked out its positions on the Irish question, socialism, electoral reform, and the issue of intervention in the

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One of Thatcher's largest and most successful policies assisted council house tenants in public housing to purchase their homes at favourable rates. The "Right to Buy" had emerged in the late 1940s but was too great a challenge to the post-war consensus to win Conservative endorsement. Thatcher

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sets the voluntary party's direction. It is composed of all association chairs, officers from areas and regions, and 42 representatives and the Conservative Women's Organisation. The Convention meets twice a year. Its Annual General Meeting is usually held at Spring Forum, with another meeting

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In 2020, new funding for active travel infrastructure was announced by the Conservatives. The party's stated aim was for England to be a "great walking and cycling nation" and for half of all journeys in towns and cities being walked or cycled by 2030. The plan was accompanied by £2 billion in

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is line-managed by the Conservative Director of Communications who upholds overall responsibility, though she has many staff supporting her, and the whole of CCHQ at election time, her department being one of the most predominant at this time, including project managers, executive assistants,

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heritage, oppose any transfer of power away from the United Kingdom—either downwards to the nations and regions or upwards to the European Union—and seek to place greater emphasis on traditional family structures to repair what it sees as a broken society in the UK. It is a strong advocate of

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acknowledged there were real problems with the Universal Credit system, especially the wait times for initial payments and the housing payments aspect of the combined benefits. Rudd pledged specifically to review and address the uneven impact of Universal Credit implementation on economically

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Truss announced her resignation as prime minister on 20 October after 44 days in office, the shortest premiership in British history. Truss also oversaw the worst polling the Conservatives had ever received, with Labour polling as high as 36 per cent above the Conservatives amidst the crisis.

4723:, a national symbol, which was said to represent "strength, endurance, renewal and growth". A change from green to the traditional Conservative blue colour appeared in 2007, followed by a version with the Union Jack superimposed in 2010. An alternative version featuring the colours of the 1260:

chaired a committee into Conservative Party organisation that resulted in the Maxwell Fyfe Report (1948–49). The report required the party to do more fundraising, by forbidding constituency associations from demanding large donations from candidates, with the intention of broadening the

1568:". Their support reached its lowest ebb in late 1994. Over the next two years the Conservatives gained some credit for the strong economic recovery and fall in unemployment. But an effective opposition campaign by the Labour Party culminated in a landslide defeat for the Conservatives 14103: 3874:(SDSR). As well as an SDSR, the Conservative Party pledged in 2010 to undertake a fundamental and far-reaching review of the procurement process and how defence equipment is provided in Britain, and to increase Britain's share of the global defence market as Government policy. 8819: 16491:, the editor of the influential grassroots Tory website ConservativeHome, told a fringe event that two separate sources had told him party membership was now 177,000—down 80,000 on the 2005 figure of 257,000 ... The Conservative party refused to confirm the figure 5262:. Many take inspiration from Thatcher's Bruges speech in 1988, in which she declared that "we have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain only to see them reimposed at a European level". A number of free-market Conservatives have signed the 5258:, perceiving most EU regulations as interference in the free market and/or a threat to British sovereignty. EU centralisation also conflicts with the localist ideals that have grown in prominence within the party in recent years. Rare Thatcherite Europhiles included 1805:

became the leader of the Conservative Party. May promised social reform and a more centrist political outlook for the Conservative Party and its government. May's early cabinet appointments were interpreted as an effort to reunite the party in the wake of the UK's

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de Geus, Roosmarijn A.; Shorrocks, Rosalind (2022). "Where Do Female Conservatives Stand? A Cross-National Analysis of the Issue Positions and Ideological Placement of Female Right-Wing Candidates". In Och, Malliga; Shames, Shauna; Cooperman, Rosalyn (eds.).

5809:, which is part of its central office However, it also delegates local responsibility to Conservative associations in the area, usually to a team of Conservative activists and volunteers in that area, but campaigns are still deployed from and thus managed by 4458:

In the first decade of the 21st century, half the party's funding came from a cluster of fifty "donor groups", and a third of it from only fifteen. In the year after the 2010 general election, half the Conservatives' funding came from the financial sector.

15206: 9317:...alignment to the Liberal Democrats (centre to left wing) and the Green Party (left wing) are positively associated with charitable behaviour at both the extensive and intensive margins, relative to being aligned with the right wing Conservative Party. 1076:

into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, essentially forming the Irish wing of the party until 1922. In Britain, the Conservative party was known as the Unionist Party because of its opposition to home rule. Under

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were mostly against the war until the invasion of Belgium, Conservative leaders were strongly in favour of aiding France and stopping Germany. The Liberal party was in full control of the government until its mismanagement of the war effort under the

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In 2019, the Conservatives' manifesto committed to a broad constitutional review in a line which read "after Brexit we also need to look at the broader aspects of our constitution: the relationship between the government, parliament and the courts".

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One of the Conservatives' key policy goals in 2010 was to reduce the number of people unemployed, and increase the number of people in the workforce, by strengthening apprenticeships, skills and job training. Between 2010 and 2014, all claimants of

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reported 10% of Conservative peers were large party donors and gave nearly £50m in total. 27 out of the party's 274 peers had given over £100,000 to the Conservatives. At least 6 large donor peers got government jobs in the 10 years to 2022.

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dynamism of African people. The Conservatives pledged to increase aid spending to 0.7% of national income by 2013. They met this pledge in 2014, when spending on aid reached 0.72% of GDP and the commitment was enshrined in UK law in 2015.

5182:. There is a difference of opinion among supporters regarding the European Union. Some support it perhaps stemming from an extension of the cohesion principle to the international level, though others are strongly against the EU (such as 1639:. He then announced his intention to reform and realign the Conservatives. For most of 2006 and the first half of 2007, polls showed leads over Labour for the Conservatives. Polls became more volatile in summer 2007 with the accession of 4169:

In 2021, the Conservatives announced a white paper that would transform the operation of the railways. The rail network will be partly renationalised, with infrastructure and operations brought together under the state-owned public body

1561:, was broadly supportive. The issue of the creation of a single European currency also inflamed tensions. Major survived a leadership challenge in 1995 by Redwood, but Redwood received 89 votes, further undermining Major's influence. 1124:

was its response to the growing strength of the Labour Party. When electoral reform was an issue, it worked to protect their base in rural England. It aggressively sought female voters in the 1920s, often relying on patriotic themes.

4704:, which was intended to represent leadership, striving to win, dedication, and a sense of community. The emblem was adopted for the 1983 general election. In 1989, the party's director of communications, Brendan Bruce, found through 5144:. Adherents believe in social cohesion and support social institutions that maintain harmony between different interest groups, classes, and—more recently—different races or religions. These institutions have typically included the 4060:

of £9/hour. The National Minimum Wage in 2024 was £11.44 for those over 21. The party support, and have implemented, the restoration of the link between pensions and earnings, and seek to raise retirement age from 65 to 67 by 2028.

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to trigger an emergency bond-buying programme. After condemnation from the public, the Labour Party and her own party, Truss reversed some aspects of the mini-budget, including the abolition of the top rate of income tax. Following

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was held on 9 April 1992 and the Conservatives won a fourth successive electoral victory, contrary to predictions from opinion polls. The Conservatives became the first party to attract 14 million votes in a general election.

3855:. The Conservative Party believed that success in Afghanistan would be defined in terms of the Afghans achieving the capability to maintain their own internal and external security. They have repeatedly criticised the former 12786: 10958:"Exclusive: How did Labour lose in '92?: The most authoritative study of the last general election is published tomorrow. Here, its authors present their conclusions and explode the myths about the greatest upset since 1945" 4174:. On 18 November 2021, the government announced the biggest ever public investment in Britain's rail network costing £96 billion and promising quicker and more frequent rail connections in the North and Midlands: the 11576: 1703:

of inappropriate sexual behaviour was leaked. The list is believed to have been compiled by party staff. Following accusations of multiple cases of rape against an unnamed Tory MP in 2023 and allegations of a cover-up,

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policy to fund 15 hours a week of free education and childcare for 2-year-olds in England if parents are receiving certain state benefits or the child has a SEN statement or diagnosis, worth £2,500 a year per child.

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was reduced to 45% by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition. Alongside a reduction in tax and commitments to keep taxation low, the Conservative Party has significantly reduced government spending, through the

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achieved dominance after the election of Margaret Thatcher as party leader in 1975. Their goal was to reduce the role of the government in the economy and to this end, they supported cuts in direct taxation, the

9069: 3574:. In 2019 and during the election campaign that year, Boris Johnson signalled an end to austerity with increased public expenditure, in areas including healthcare, education, transport, welfare, and the police. 15966: 13723: 9694: 17527: 9129:...the Conservative Party's history in incorporating ethnic minorities, and the recent post-racial turn within the party whereby increasing party diversity has coincided with an increasing turn to the Right 8785: 15915: 9174: 4676:. In forming the caucus, the party broke with two decades of co-operation by the UK's Conservative Party with the mainstream European Christian Democrats and conservatives in the European parliament, the 13323: 12935: 5305:, which supports free markets alongside social and environmental responsibility, as well a welfare state. Joseph was the first to introduce the model idea into British politics, writing the publication: 1081:'s leadership in 1911–1914, the Party morale improved, the "radical right" wing was contained, and the party machinery strengthened. It made some progress toward developing constructive social policies. 9601: 4186:

No subject has proved more divisive in the Conservative Party in recent history than the role of the United Kingdom within the European Union. Though the principal architect of the UK's entry into the

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as deputy chief whip while being aware of allegations of sexual assault against him. This, along with Partygate and increasing criticisms on Johnson's handling of the cost-of-living crisis, provoked a

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In 2010, the Conservatives campaigned to cut the perceived bureaucracy of the modern police force and pledged greater legal protection to people convicted of defending themselves against intruders.

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In particular, there is a clear partisan division between the main left-wing party (Labour) and political parties with pronounced pro-market preferences, such as the right-wing Conservative Party

1629:, the Conservative Party increased their total vote share and—more significantly—their number of parliamentary seats, reducing Labour's majority. The day following the election, Howard resigned. 3527:, which holds that reduced income tax rates increase growth and enterprise (although a reduction in the budget deficit has sometimes taken priority over cutting taxes). The party focuses on the 20273: 9789: 9413: 17979: 15613: 9916: 3554:, which enabled the UK to stay within the European Union without adopting the single currency. All subsequent Conservative leaders have positioned the party firmly against the adoption of the 16210: 15128: 13389: 9379:

the right-wing Conservative Party in government supported TTIP...This logic reproduced also a government-opposition dynamic, whereby the right-wing Conservative Party championed the agreement

1707:, who has served as the party's co-chairman under David Cameron, stated that the Conservative Party has had a problem handling complaints of sexual misconducts against members appropriately. 1444:. Thatcher believed that too much socially democratic-oriented government policy was leading to a long-term decline in the British economy. As a result, her government pursued a programme of 12668: 4426:

of the Conservative Party for members aged 25 and under. The organisation aims to increase youth ownership and engagement in local associations. From 1998 to 2015, the youth wing was called

4396:. A constituency Association must choose a candidate using the rules approved by, and (in England, Wales and Northern Ireland) from a list established by, the Committee on Candidates of the 17283: 15824: 14814: 14654: 13267: 4052:, as they believed it would cost jobs, and businesses would be reluctant to start business in the UK from fear of high labour costs. However the party have since pledged support and in the 1475:, inflation had been at 9% or under for the previous year, then increased to over 20% in the first two years of the Thatcher ministry, but it had fallen again to 5.8% by the start of 1983. 17040: 15591: 11808: 16802: 14480: 8203: 16854: 16769: 15705: 10818: 9947: 9847: 9631: 20288: 20218: 15988: 14692: 17071: 13027: 5850:

For all election results, including: devolved elections, London elections, Police and Crime Commissioner elections, combined authority elections and European Parliament elections see:

20248: 18794: 16301: 14343: 13901: 3827:, with prominent Conservative figures within the May and Johnson ministries strongly endorsing Israel. In 2016, Theresa May publicly rebutted statements made by US Secretary of State 12607: 11728: 847:

voters from traditional Labour strongholds. The Conservatives' domination of British politics throughout the 20th century made it one of the most successful political parties in the

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marriage and believes the Conservative Party should back the institution with tax breaks and have opposed the alleged assaults on both traditional family structures and fatherhood.

1576:. The 1997 election left the Conservative Party as an England-only party, with all Scottish and Welsh seats having been lost, and not a single new seat having been gained anywhere. 15468: 4371:

in December 2005, membership resumed its decline in 2006 to a lower level than when he was elected. In 2010, the Conservative Party had about 177,000 members according to activist

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Membership peaked in the mid-1950s at approximately 3 million, before declining steadily through the second half of the 20th century. Despite an initial boost shortly after

20170: 17313: 13749: 13540: 20263: 19813: 16878:"Just 50 'donor groups' have supplied over half of the Conservative party's declared donation income in the last decade, a fact disguised by legal 'fame avoidance' techniques" 15738: 14572: 12258: 9571: 5336: 1965: 14744: 14602: 13075: 11615: 22196: 13198: 3610:, who believe that the party should remain faithful to its traditional conservative platform. In the previous parliament, modernising forces were represented by MPs such as 1432:, and supported the Cold War policies of the consensus, but otherwise tried to dismantle and delegitimise it. She built a right-wing political ideology that became known as 15408: 9202: 3622:

is also seen as a reforming figure. Many of the original 'traditionalists' remain influential, though Duncan Smith's influence in terms of Commons contributions has waned.

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In 2006, there was a rebranding exercise to emphasise the Conservatives' commitment to environmentalism; a project costing £40,000 resulted in a sketched silhouette of an

3979:, receiving £7 billion between 2007 and 2015, which is invested in universities and research-intensive businesses. Following the vote to leave the EU, Prime Minister 1879:

became Leader of the party. He became Prime Minister the next day. Johnson had made withdrawal from the EU by 31 October "with no ifs, buts or maybes" a key pledge during

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For 2013, the Conservative Party had an income of £25.4 million, of which £749,000 came from membership subscriptions. In 2015, according to accounts filed with the

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system alongside other welfare benefits in 2018. The Universal Credit system came under immense scrutiny following its introduction. Shortly after her appointment to the

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for failing to equip British Forces adequately in the earlier days on the campaign—especially highlighting the shortage of helicopters for British Forces resulting from

20904: 17407: 16099:"Integrated Rail Plan: biggest ever public investment in Britain's rail network will deliver faster, more frequent and more reliable journeys across North and Midlands" 1354:, although the right-wing of the party objected to his failure to control the trade unions at a time when a declining British industry saw many strikes, as well as the 22061: 14194: 11759: 11273: 17004: 12996: 11049: 9759: 5778:

Sometimes two groupings have united to oppose the third. Both Thatcherite and traditionalist Conservatives rebelled over Europe (and in particular Maastricht) during

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guaranteed that the Conservative government would protect funding for existing research and development projects in the UK. In 2017, the Conservatives introduced the

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The period of unpopularity of the Conservatives in the early 1980s coincided with a crisis in the Labour Party, which then formed the main opposition. Victory in the

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information to calculate that donors who had made money from Russia or Russians had given £1.93m to either the Conservative party or constituency associations since

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have been an element of Conservative foreign policy since the Second World War. Though the Anglo–American relationship in foreign affairs has often been termed a '

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Subsequent to the EU referendum vote, and through the premierships of May, Boris Johnson, and their successors, the party shifted right on the political spectrum.

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Group (ECR Group), which is affiliated to the ACRE. Party leader David Cameron pushed the foundation of the ECR, which was launched in 2009, along with the Czech

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resulted in a net gain of one seat for the Conservative Party and returned a mostly unscathed Labour Party back to government. This all occurred months after the

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approach that individual freedom and economic freedom of industry and trade should be respected over prohibition. Other Conservative politicians, despite being

1683:, including allegations against its policies, fringes, and structure, was often in the public eye. These include allegations against senior politicians such as 1448:, adopting a free-market approach to public services based on the sale of publicly owned industries and utilities, as well as a reduction in trade union power. 17588: 15846: 11474: 11220: 5785:

Not all Conservative MPs can be easily placed within one of the above groupings. For example, John Major was the ostensibly "Thatcherite" candidate during the

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Although stances have changed with successive leadership, the modern Conservative Party generally supports cooperation and maintaining friendly relations with

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was published in July 2020. Concerns over Conservative Party funds have become increasingly controversial due to Vladimir Putin's human rights abuses and the

22201: 20699: 20368: 20228: 14783: 13237: 12957: 9878: 9728: 9224:

the extent to which women in right-wing parties are similar to their male colleagues, or whether they have a set of distinctive opinions on a range of issues

4363:

Share of the vote received by Conservatives (blue), Whigs/Liberals/Liberal Democrats (orange), Labour (red) and others (grey) in general elections since 1832

4300:. The country is also divided into regions, with each region containing a number of areas, both having a similar structure to constituency associations. The 3957: 17213: 14904: 11782: 10991: 10711:"Stephen Farrall, et al. "Thatcherite Ideology, Housing Tenure, and Crime: The Socio-Spatial Consequences of the Right to Buy for Domestic Property Crime." 21953: 20554: 17826: 16918: 16128: 11535: 10560: 9473: 3531:, promoting a free market for competition with social balance to create fairness. This has included education reform, vocational skills reform, expanding 737:

sought to modernise the Conservatives after his election as leader in 2005, and the party governed from 2010 to 2024 under five prime ministers, latterly

22181: 22176: 19825: 15347: 15043: 8902: 4652:, the ECR Group has been the third-largest group, with the largest members being the Conservatives (nineteen MEPs), Law and Justice (eighteen MEPs), the 2881: 1936:

following a loss in confidence and nearly 60 resignations from government officials, eventually leading to Johnson announcing his resignation on 7 July.

1891: 11557: 4309:. In the organisation of the Conservative Party, constituency associations dominate selection of local candidates, and some associations have organised 3835:

and this was adopted as a UK-wide policy in 2019. In 2019, the Conservative government under Boris Johnson announced plans to stop the influence of the

3535:, curbs on the banking sector, enterprise zones to revive regions in Britain, and grand and extensive infrastructure projects, such as high-speed rail. 22166: 19101: 18816: 14874: 13844: 13440:

In the recession year of 1981, for example, the Conservatives raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit, with the aim of a reduction of interest rates.

4507: 3866:

The Conservative Party believes that in the 21st century defence and security are interlinked. It has pledged to break away from holding a traditional

3041: 1973: 18314: 16825: 15764: 13775: 9781: 9421: 3796:, as well as returning to the links between the Conservatives and Republican Party. Beyond relations with the United States, the Commonwealth and the 22186: 21329: 18870: 17983: 17650: 15621: 15438: 9900: 8438: 5082: 4520: 18034: 17190: 16345: 16200: 15120: 13385: 4664:(four MEPs each). In June 2009, The Conservatives required a further four partners apart from the Polish and Czech supports to qualify for official 20830: 20692: 19837: 19091: 18936: 14041: 12660: 11157: 11126:

W, Tony Blair, Cameron, Gordon Brown, Labour Party, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, John Redwood, Kenneth Clarke, Diana, Princess of Wales, George.

9293: 9237: 8602: 6394: 5851: 5838: 4091:

In 2019, the Conservatives became the first national government in the world to officially declare a climate emergency (second in the UK after the

3051: 2689: 1018: 17370: 17273: 15816: 14806: 14512: 13259: 11865: 5782:'s premiership; and traditionalist and One Nation MPs united to inflict Margaret Thatcher's only major defeat in Parliament, over Sunday trading. 4696:

When Sir Christopher Lawson was appointed as a marketing director at Conservative Central Office in 1981, he developed a logo design based on the

3645:

announced that the government would enact stricter immigration reforms, crack down on illegal immigration, and scrap freedom of movement with the

20715: 19452: 19106: 17030: 15583: 14164: 12199: 10934: 10848: 10754: 10650: 10620: 8622: 4393: 4313: 4175: 1494:) in 1989 is often cited as contributing to her political downfall. Internal party tensions led to a leadership challenge by the Conservative MP 618: 17: 16792: 16617: 14472: 13977: 9839: 2022:

Leader of the Conservatives and the first British Asian Prime Minister. On 22 May Sunak announced a general election to be held on 4 July 2024.

1520:

won the party leadership election on 27 November 1990, and his appointment led to an almost immediate boost in Conservative Party fortunes. The

22206: 21215: 19333: 16844: 16761: 16021: 15697: 14374: 14217: 10814: 9939: 9623: 5789:, but he consistently promoted One-Nation Conservatives to the higher reaches of his cabinet during his time as Prime Minister. These included 4108: 1924:

scandal, in which staff and senior members of government were pictured holding gatherings during lockdown contrary to Government guidance. The

15314: 14684: 14413: 13105: 11925: 4150:

The Conservatives have invested in public transport and infrastructure, aimed to promoting economic growth. This has included rail (including

19383: 17740: 17063: 15176: 14333: 13458: 13019: 12317: 9511: 7431: 6696: 4293:

The Conservative Party comprises the voluntary party, parliamentary party (sometimes called the political party) and the professional party.

4000:

well-being long before the welfare state came into play. He also argued that 'family and politics are inextricably linked'. Both Cameron and

3567: 2639: 1990: 1759: 1669: 1366: 1058: 1053:

enacted a great deal of reform legislation, but the Unionists worked hard at grassroots organizing. Two general elections were held in 1910,

18790: 16565: 16293: 15937: 13893: 8887:

David Dutton, "Unionist Politics and the aftermath of the General Election of 1906: A Reassessment." Historical Journal 22#4 (1979): 861–76.

3591:

did support the introduction of equal marriage rights for LGBT+ individuals in 2010, though 139 Conservative MPs, a majority, voted against

20972: 19631: 17863: 13050: 12599: 11720: 9450: 7473: 6654: 3898:

determine their practicality and utility; specifically, to reassess UK participation provisions like Permanent Structured Cooperation, the

1382: 1054: 11891: 9392: 1615:

by MPs. This was despite the Conservative support equalling that of Labour in the months leading up to his departure from the leadership.

21301: 20597: 20537: 19801: 19789: 19777: 19765: 19753: 19741: 19731: 19719: 19709: 19697: 19685: 19081: 15460: 13799:

After the 2019 general election, there are now 20 LGBT+ Conservative MPs in Parliament, more than there were during the prior Parliament.

10788: 10512: 10042: 8424: 5857: 5786: 4665: 4629: 4609: 4368: 3076: 2050: 1880: 1636: 1622: 1414: 1326: 816: 12082: 9812: 4430:, and had branches at universities and at parliamentary constituency level. It was shut down in 2015 after allegations that bullying by 1762:. In September 2014, the Unionist side, championed by Labour as well as by the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats, won in the 20253: 19173: 18589: 17619: 16691: 15012: 14960: 14930: 14624: 14436: 10126: 5770:—the latter two being prominent Roman Catholics, notable in a faction marked out by its support for the established Church of England. 4561:

reported that in January 2021, they " a clear line back from this donation to its ultimate source", and reported it accordingly to the

3871: 3831:

over the composition of the Israeli government. In 2018, the party pledged to proscribe all wings of the Lebanese-based militant group

3523:

and individual achievement are the primary factors behind economic prosperity. A leading economic theory advocated by Conservatives is

2792: 1933: 1844:. May survived two votes of no confidence in December 2018 and January 2019, but after versions of her draft withdrawal agreement were 18839: 18181: 17305: 9366: 5163:("little platoons") as the foundations of society, as well as his opposition to radical politics of all types. The Red Tory theory of 1607:, during his tenure, Europe ceased to be an issue of division in the party as it united behind calls for a referendum on the proposed 898: 20278: 19096: 14096:"David Cameron immigration pledge 'failed spectacularly' as figures show net migration almost three times as high as Tories promised" 11505: 3940:

is favoured by some Conservative politicians. The party has rejected both decriminalising drugs for personal use and the creation of

3506: 1680: 1006: 18158: 16877: 15729: 14982: 14564: 12248: 9563: 1281:

rebuilt the local organisations with an emphasis on membership, money, and a unified national propaganda appeal on critical issues.

20426: 19615: 19544: 19539: 19530: 19066: 19061: 14594: 11607: 9998: 8841: 6046: 5844: 5806: 5649: 5539: 5207:

industries and a reduction in the size and scope of the welfare state. Supporters of the "free-market wing" have been labelled as "

4525: 3217: 1565: 1358:. Since accession to the EEC, which developed into the EU, British membership has been a source of heated debate within the party. 990: 113: 16441: 16411: 15400: 13190: 4577:

began. Then-party leader Liz Truss said that the donations would not be returned, stating that they had been "properly declared".

3800:, the Conservative Party has generally supported a pro free-trade foreign policy within the mainstream of international affairs. 1980:

on 23 September faced severe criticism and markets reacted poorly; the pound fell to a record low of 1.03 against the dollar, and

21617: 21359: 19641: 19427: 19178: 13650:"The Implementation of Same Sex Marriage in 2013 : Cameron's modernising social agenda in the Conservative Party since 2005" 13419: 10430: 10217: 8607: 5524: 4633: 4336: 2861: 2747: 1917: 1913:. On 20 December 2019, MPs passed an agreement for withdrawing from the EU; the United Kingdom formally left on 31 January 2020. 1557:, opposed further EU integration, whilst the party's pro-European wing, represented by those such as Chancellor of the Exchequer 17827:"Where There is Discord, Can They Bring Harmony? Managing Intra-party Dissent on European Integration in the Conservative Party" 17680: 17146: 16270: 15065: 14714: 14310: 11362: 11300: 11191: 11074: 4708:

that recognition of the symbol was low and that people found it old fashioned and uninspiring. Using a design company headed by

4351:

the voluntary membership mainly through a number of management sub-committees (such as membership, candidates and conferences).

1428:

that tolerated or encouraged nationalisation, strong labour unions, heavy regulation, and high taxes. She did not challenge the

21461: 21294: 21185: 20733: 20150: 19373: 19116: 18926: 16240: 13346: 12401: 12281: 9751: 8597: 8294: 5176: 4625: 3742: 1887: 1278: 1041:

1925). In December, Balfour lost control of his party, as the defections multiplied. He was replaced by Liberal Prime Minister

860: 675: 454: 90: 17795: 17399: 15377: 13293: 11669: 4162:

additional funding over the following five years for cycling and walking. The plan also introduced new inspectorate, known as

21719: 21521: 19457: 19422: 19213: 18863: 18627: 18449: 18360: 18260: 18241: 18102: 16653: 16387: 15645: 15097: 13141: 12904: 12817: 12755: 12691: 12577: 12547: 12517: 12457: 12427: 12056: 12030: 10402: 10179: 9352: 8702: 8689: 8676: 8659: 5075: 4463: 1763: 1002: 53: 18124: 17488: 17449: 16948: 16511: 15675: 14186: 13518: 12722: 12637: 12343: 12225: 11751: 11269: 5829:

politicians, and volunteers. The Conservative Party also has regional call centres and VoteSource do-it-from-home accounts.

4434:

had caused the suicide of Elliot Johnson, a 21-year-old party activist. The current incarnation was launched in March 2018.

1664:

The initial period of this time, primarily under the premiership of David Cameron, was marked by the ongoing effects of the

1182:

The concept of the "property-owning democracy" was coined by Noel Skelton in 1923 and became a core principle of the party.

20089: 19935: 19417: 19158: 19138: 19071: 16996: 16738: 12988: 12487: 12172: 12146: 11045: 9661: 8518: 8024: 7977: 7921: 7879: 7829: 7782: 7735: 7693: 7646: 7604: 7562: 7515: 7389: 7342: 7295: 7248: 7201: 7156: 7114: 7067: 7021: 6976: 6934: 6892: 6845: 6803: 6749: 6607: 6565: 6523: 6481: 6436: 6389: 6347: 6305: 6258: 6214: 6172: 6130: 6088: 6041: 5999: 5957: 5908: 5519: 3592: 2095: 2030: 2026: 1906: 1902: 1818: 1770: 1626: 1589: 1573: 1569: 1550: 1521: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1418: 1362: 1305: 1301: 1288:, despite losing the popular vote, Churchill was back in power. Apart from rationing, which was ended in 1954, most of the 1285: 1218: 1176: 1168: 1109: 1046: 1026: 989:

The widening of the electoral franchise in the 19th century forced the Conservative Party to popularise its approach under

873: 703: 679: 227: 97: 78: 15229: 14837: 13938: 13488: 12105: 11952: 11695: 11333: 10900: 10870: 1894:

after voting with the Opposition to grant the House of Commons control over its order paper. Johnson would later halt the

977:

around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the

21863: 20409: 20185: 19889: 19610: 19368: 19363: 19353: 19188: 17762: 14126: 11974: 10421: 8612: 8309: 4481: 4387: 4242: 4238: 2941: 2617: 1593: 1108:

became prime minister but the Liberals soon split and the Conservatives dominated the government, especially after their

16793:"Lord Feldman had 'gravest possible reservations' about Mark Clarke, the Tatler Tory, when handed complaint of bullying" 16467: 16076: 13574: 3602:, who believe that the Conservatives should modify their public stances on social issues, and 'traditionalists' such as 1373:

caused by the miners' strike. Heath's attempt to win a second term at this "snap" election failed, as a deadlock result

1365:

and the last possible date for the next general election was not until mid-1975. However a general election was held in

1201:

While serving in Opposition during the late 1940s, the Conservative Party exploited and incited growing public anger at

21977: 21941: 21707: 21364: 21060: 21048: 20806: 20800: 20724: 20621: 20393: 20160: 19953: 19884: 19358: 19318: 18565:

The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979–2001

17482: 17443: 15873: 15554: 11096: 10036: 8498: 8443: 5509: 4474: 4332: 4222: 4142:"to improve the protection of critical infrastructure such as nuclear sites, railways and the strategic road network". 3722: 2058: 1292:

enacted by Labour were accepted by the Conservatives and became part of the "post-war consensus" that was satirised as

1274: 1001:. The party was initially opposed to further expansion of the electorate but eventually allowed passage of Gladstone's 552: 510: 357: 277: 201: 108: 18363: 15275: 13164: 12840: 11242: 11013: 10582: 4477:, have also been significant donors to the party, contributing £430,000 and £8.1m respectively between 2007 and 2017. 4178:

includes substantially improved connections North-South as well as East-West and includes three new high speed lines.

1154:

led the breakup of the coalition, and the Conservatives governed until 1923, when a minority Labour government led by

21731: 20358: 20348: 20203: 20155: 20109: 19402: 19016: 18572: 18487: 18339: 17580: 17521: 16699: 16534: 11466: 11441: 11135: 10506: 10162: 9216: 9168: 9005: 8946: 8332: 8234: 7194: 7059: 5712: 5286: 5122: 4206: 4130:. The Conservatives' 2017 manifesto pledged to create a national infrastructure police force, subsuming the existing 3836: 3222: 2981: 1164: 17557: 14010: 11216: 3944:. In 2024, the Conservatives banned smoking for future generations, with an aim to make England smoke-free by 2030. 1061:. The two main parties were now almost dead equal in seats, but the Liberals kept control with a coalition with the 22161: 22109: 22025: 21984: 21659: 21473: 21145: 20886: 20788: 20584: 20483: 20313: 20032: 19914: 19898: 19492: 18941: 18856: 18784: 18064: 17710: 16167: 15498: 14534: 14064: 9533: 8663: 8509: 8415: 8362: 5864: 5232: 5068: 4602: 4590: 4447: 4301: 4282: 4100: 4031: 4023: 3819:

Conservative support for Israel was seen to crystallise. Support for Israel has increased under the leaderships of

3781: 3769: 3426: 3176: 3138: 2851: 2316: 1836:

May's Premiership was dominated by Brexit as she carried out negotiations with the European Union, adhering to the

1758:; these involved a large deficit in government finances that his government sought to reduce through controversial 1529: 1394: 1320:

promoted relatively liberal trade regulations and less state involvement throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. The

1191: 886: 804: 773: 710: 404: 191: 18654: 18531: 18284: 18005: 14775: 14251: 13221: 11418: 9870: 9720: 3669:(far left) and their spouses in 1988. Thatcher and Reagan developed a close relationship against the Soviet Union. 1721: 21671: 21369: 20498: 20180: 14896: 12779:"Boris Johnson fined: Prime minister apologises after receiving fixed penalty notice for lockdown-breaking party" 12004: 10987: 5950: 4397: 4053: 3972:

government extended student loan access in England to postgraduate students to help improve access to education.

3918: 3431: 2634: 1928:

eventually fined Johnson for breaking lockdown rules in April 2022. In July 2022, Johnson admitted to appointing

1202: 890: 623: 18804: 17837: 16908: 15150: 13809: 5738:(or Faith, Flag and Family), and is the oldest tradition within the Conservative Party, closely associated with 4088:

by 2050. The UK was the first major economy to embrace a legal obligation to achieve net zero carbon emissions.

21905: 21275: 20574: 20208: 20198: 19969: 19506: 17930: 17119: 11527: 10810: 10556: 8898: 8679:

in which all men over 21, and most women over the age of 30 could vote, and therefore a much larger electorate.

8627: 8479: 8304: 8299: 7968: 5624: 5420: 4653: 4230: 3906: 3571: 3421: 3143: 2787: 2258: 2194: 1826: 1755: 1665: 1217:

policies of the Labour Party to rally middle-class supporters and build a political comeback that won them the

793: 757: 613: 427: 18432:

The Crisis of conservatism: The politics, economics, and ideology of the British Conservative Party, 1880–1914

18325:

The Growth of the British Party System Volume II: 1924–1964, revised to 1966 Conservative-Labour Confrontation

15337: 15035: 9687:"Tories won more working class votes than Labour amid stark generation gap at general election, poll suggests" 4549:

shortly after the invasion of Ukraine determined that a £399,810 donation made by British-Israeli businessman

4484:

of the party represents donors who have given significant sums to the party, typically in excess of £250,000.

865: 22221: 21317: 20746: 20468: 20193: 19526: 19397: 19378: 18774: 18421:

The Crisis of Conservatism: The Politics, Economics and Ideology of the British Conservative Party, 1880–1914

16043: 13836: 11561: 8405: 8323: 5534: 5183: 4586: 4443: 4306: 4286: 4202: 3753:, this has often been observed most clearly where leaders in each country are of a similar political stripe. 3499: 3411: 1845: 1704: 1539: 1266: 538: 319: 18676:(2001); chronologies; relations with women, minorities, trade unions, EU, Ireland, social reform and empire. 17336: 1735:

with the Conservatives having the most seats but short of an overall majority. Following the resignation of

22191: 21815: 21767: 21581: 21545: 21533: 21175: 20609: 20543: 20388: 20328: 19076: 18639:

Thackeray, David. "Home and Politics: Women and Conservative Activism in Early Twentieth‐Century Britain,"

17642: 13597: 9245: 9046: 8533: 7014: 4598: 4574: 4095:). In November 2020, the Conservatives announced a 10-point plan for a 'green industrial revolution', with 3416: 3286: 1860: 1716: 1483:

with lower inflation and falling unemployment and Thatcher secured her third successive electoral victory.

1463:. She was deeply unpopular in certain sections of society due to high unemployment and her response to the 1160: 265: 18764: 18686:

Kowol, Kit. "Renaissance on the Right? New Directions in the History of the Post-War Conservative Party."

15430: 13020:"UK's Liz Truss pledges tax-cutting future in landmark speech plagued by protest and political infighting" 3780:

in the 2008 election. However, after becoming Prime Minister, Johnson developed a close relationship with

3595:. Thus the extent to which this policy represented a more liberal Conservative party has been challenged. 1104:

badly hurt its reputation. An all-party coalition government was formed in May 1915. In late 1916 Liberal

22216: 22085: 21965: 21929: 21875: 21413: 21334: 20615: 20175: 19467: 19338: 18042: 17180: 16349: 10671: 8268: 5664: 4557:. Kopytov, a former minister in Russian-occupied Crimea, has strong ties to Vladimir Putin's government. 4529: 4401: 4246: 3721:. The Conservatives have generally favoured a diverse range of international alliances, ranging from the 3363: 2070: 1910: 1841: 1740: 1608: 699: 18344:

Charmley, John. "Tories and Conservatives." in David Brown, Robert Crowcroft, and Gordon Pentland eds.,

14033: 10151: 22013: 22001: 21887: 21851: 21791: 21779: 21641: 21497: 21449: 21437: 21354: 21165: 21072: 20960: 20812: 20580: 20463: 20140: 18910: 16881: 15788:"UK was First Major Economy to Embrace a Legal Obligation to Achieve Net Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050" 15756: 15199:"How much research funding does the UK get from the EU and how does this compare with other countries?" 11323:"The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The leadership elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith" 10363:

Matthew Francis, "A Crusade to Enfranchise the Many': Thatcherism and the 'Property-Owning Democracy."

10202: 8966: 8724: 8504: 8229: 5569: 5383: 5167:

is a strand of the one-nation school of thought; prominent Red Tories include former Cabinet Ministers

5133: 5012: 4847: 4677: 4594: 4506:, beginning in the early 2000s, for which it has been criticised. Scrutiny became more prominent after 4139: 4135: 3839:

movement on local politics which included prohibiting local councils from boycotting Israeli products.

3758: 3166: 3161: 3111: 3086: 2112: 2003: 1786: 637: 18182:"Who are the 'New Conservatives'? Their 12-point plan to pressure Rishi Sunak on migration, explained" 15847:"Government announces 78% climate emissions cut by 2035 - "historic milestone on path to net zero UK"" 14502: 14156: 13969: 12195: 10926: 10840: 10746: 10642: 10612: 3538:

One concrete economic policy of recent years has been opposition to the European single currency, the

2117: 22037: 21593: 21251: 21225: 21195: 21042: 21027: 20874: 20776: 20478: 20473: 20233: 19011: 19006: 18966: 18203: 14366: 11385: 9238:"Political Ideology and Social Services Contracting: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design" 9204:

Sell-Outs or Warriors for Change? A Comparative Look at Conservative Women in Politics in Democracies

8380: 8337: 4709: 4535:

One of the first was Lubov Chernukhin, wife of former deputy finance minister and investment company

3941: 3928:. However, views on drugs vary amongst some MPs in the party. Some Conservative politicians take the 3614:, who has argued that the party needs to renew its policies and image, and is said to be inspired by 3250: 3171: 3096: 3021: 2389: 2008: 1895: 1830: 1532:(ERM), after the pound fell lower than its minimum level in the ERM, a day thereafter referred to as 1062: 16013: 10376:

Zweiniger-Bargileowska, Ina. "Rationing, austerity and the Conservative party recovery after 1945."

10284:

Jarvis, David (1992). "Mrs. Maggs and Betty: The Conservative Appeal to Women Voters in the 1920s".

4668:

status in the parliament; the rules state that a European parliamentary caucus requires at least 25

22056: 21695: 21557: 21485: 21344: 21339: 21230: 21200: 21190: 21155: 21122: 20333: 20268: 20094: 20016: 19879: 18996: 15306: 14397: 11921: 8528: 8259: 8239: 5459: 5290: 5236: 5115: 4756: 4657: 4431: 4419: 4414: 4343: 4297: 4131: 4081: 3867: 3492: 3343: 3031: 2961: 2674: 2149: 1945: 1611:. However, before he could lead the party into a general election, Duncan Smith lost the vote on a 1073: 1042: 894: 851:. The most recent period of Conservative government was marked by extraordinary political turmoil. 397: 346: 215: 18679:

Harrison, Brian. "Margaret Thatcher's Impact on Historical Writing", in William Roger Louis, ed.,

17732: 16382:(7th ed.). Ashgate. Table 2.01 "Summary Results of General Elections 1832–2005 (UK)", p. 59. 15168: 14273: 13450: 13411: 12313: 10466:. "From 'Consensus' to 'Common Ground': The Rhetoric of the Postwar Settlement and its Collapse," 9503: 4466:, the party had an income of about £41.8 million and expenditures of about £41 million. 4378:

The membership fee for the Conservative Party is £25, or £5 if the member is under the age of 23.

21349: 21084: 21010: 20936: 20764: 20547: 20353: 20318: 20223: 20130: 19984: 19183: 19001: 18735:

Turner, John. "The British Conservative Party in the Twentieth Century: from Beginning to End?."

14871:"The Strategic Defence and Security Review: A Conservative View of Defence and Future Challenges" 8429: 8410: 8224: 5674: 5410: 5095: 4900: 4791: 4760: 4740: 4092: 3899: 3726: 3260: 3194: 3189: 2772: 2732: 2529: 2444: 2394: 2139: 2134: 1612: 1429: 1069: 824: 691: 432: 339: 11809:"Anyone with information on Tory 'serial rapist' claims, must report them to police, says Sunak" 9442: 4585:

The Conservative Party is a member of a number of international organisations, most notably the

1025:, held power for all but three of the following twenty years before suffering a heavy defeat in 21827: 21755: 21629: 21492: 21016: 20942: 20868: 20824: 20758: 20591: 20323: 19974: 18991: 18437: 16326:

Conservative and Unionist Central Office v. James Robert Samuel Burrell (HM Inspector of Taxes)

14595:"Board of Deputies – Political party manifestos- where they stand on issues of Jewish interest" 9332:

Framing TTIP in the European Public Spheres: Towards an Empowering Dissensus for EU Integration

8469: 8264: 7872: 6740: 6474: 5219:

but the free-market wing in the Conservative Party harbour a range of social opinions from the

4852: 4649: 4511: 4252:

There was also a split on whether to introduce a British Bill of Rights that would replace the

4171: 4127: 3406: 3011: 2971: 2737: 1977: 1744: 1014: 726: 417: 178: 17965: 17511: 17099: 16643: 10780: 10496: 10026: 4103:

capacity within a decade, fund a variety of emissions-cutting proposals, and spurn a proposed

3894:, and that it is not in the British interest to hand over security to any supranational body. 22049: 21960: 21220: 21054: 20880: 20818: 20662: 20625: 20293: 20258: 19328: 17611: 16685: 12078: 10309: 10307: 8575: 5731: 5705: 5679: 5464: 5302: 5212: 5056: 4862: 4820: 4783: 4617: 4562: 4253: 4163: 4155: 4123: 4049: 3528: 3524: 3480: 3204: 3121: 3116: 2757: 2268: 1981: 1355: 765: 687: 353: 332: 304: 18728:

Porter, Bernard. "'Though Not an Historian Myself...'Margaret Thatcher and the Historians."

18694:"Renaissance on the Right? New Directions in the History of the Post-War Conservative Party" 17957: 15004: 11075:"Mr Major's Comments on the Economy (I) – 22 April 1993 – The Rt. Hon. Sir John Major KG CH" 10696:

Aled Davies, "'Right to Buy': The Development of a Conservative Housing Policy, 1945–1980."

10132: 3296: 1545:

The party was plagued by internal division and infighting, mainly over the UK's role in the

21839: 21150: 21110: 21078: 21066: 20363: 20308: 20104: 20099: 20000: 19162: 19133: 18976: 18961: 9330: 8523: 8484: 8318: 4830: 4661: 4187: 4096: 4057: 3933: 3848: 3746: 3532: 3353: 3333: 3133: 3081: 3001: 2951: 2827: 2199: 2122: 2090: 1748: 1262: 1101: 412: 247: 237: 20684: 18931: 10304: 889:, which it soon replaced. Other historians point to a faction, rooted in the 18th century 8: 21743: 21180: 20998: 20927: 20652: 20488: 20135: 19979: 19348: 19233: 18506: 18150: 16885: 16849: 16797: 14990: 8589: 8474: 5514: 5445: 5298: 5032: 4835: 4825: 4810: 4768: 4744: 4724: 4540: 4427: 3987:

qualification aimed at improving the teaching and administration of technical education.

3953: 3917:

In 1945 the Conservatives declared support for universal healthcare. They introduced the

3468: 3401: 3313: 3101: 2911: 2464: 2100: 2085: 1925: 1445: 909: 789: 745: 683: 482: 442: 422: 308: 283: 18681:

Irrepressible Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Culture in Britain

16129:"Rail industry response to Conservative Party announcement about Great British Railways" 12928:"Cost-of-living crisis: Workers have gone without meals or pawned posessions says Union" 10004: 9594:"Tories have unhealthy financial reliance on property developers, says report | Housing" 8845: 5285:

for her defence of liberal economics. Groups associated with this tradition include the

4446:, which takes place in Autumn in alternately Manchester or Birmingham. This is when the 3448: 1596:

had seen the Conservatives briefly take a narrow lead over Labour in the opinion polls.

21636: 21509: 21250:

candidates stand jointly with the Labour Party. 5 independent MPs work together in the

21247: 21116: 20603: 20145: 19549: 19432: 19203: 18946: 17124: 17087: 16434: 16403: 16329: 16205: 15245: 13715: 10776: 10107: 9397: 9358: 9336: 9266: 9154: 6251: 5297:

are usually cited as early influences in the movement. Some free-market supporters and

4983: 4641: 4545: 4226: 4210: 4073: 4019: 3328: 2871: 2822: 2544: 2414: 2409: 2311: 2107: 1679:

The Conservatives' time in office was marked by several controversies. The presence of

1425: 1378: 1257: 1245: 1241: 1105: 1096: 1010: 978: 964: 769: 714: 298: 18391: 10333: 10257: 3661: 3582: 1139: 22121: 21702: 21170: 20862: 20742: 20383: 20303: 19758: 19702: 19636: 19586: 19343: 19278: 19263: 19253: 19238: 19168: 19154: 19086: 18758: 18623: 18568: 18445: 18356: 18335: 18256: 18237: 17958: 17672: 17517: 17478: 17439: 17344: 17221: 16695: 16649: 16383: 16262: 15881: 15249: 14845: 14405: 14302: 13719: 13707: 13665: 13354: 13229: 11497: 11358: 11296: 11183: 11151: 10710: 10674:

and Dennis Kavanagh, "The British General Election of 1979", Macmillan, 1979, p. 154.

10502: 10492: 10398: 10349: 10158: 10111: 10032: 9908: 9362: 9348: 9270: 9212: 9164: 9120: 9001: 8942: 8244: 8219: 7520: 7300: 7072: 6795: 6263: 5794: 5743: 5735: 5559: 5363: 5316: 5267: 5247:. The Thatcherite wing is also associated with the concept of a "classless society". 5244: 5220: 5195: 5168: 5137: 5007: 4976: 4905: 4890: 4748: 4713: 4503: 4277: 4122:

The party has also campaigned for the creation of a UK Bill of Rights to replace the

3856: 3816: 3812: 3750: 3551: 3391: 3348: 3308: 3245: 3199: 3184: 2931: 2891: 2694: 2607: 2602: 2499: 2494: 1600: 1495: 1436:, based on social and economic ideas from British and American intellectuals such as 1410: 1403: 1317: 1270: 1172: 1143: 1113: 1037: 994: 730: 718: 671: 16232: 13347:"Conservative Party manifesto 2024: Rishi Sunak's policies for the general election" 12397: 5452: 3689:, favouring close ties with the United States and similarly aligned nations such as 2341: 973:

in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was formally adopted under the aegis of

729:

merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party. Rivalry with the

22211: 21605: 21425: 20343: 19516: 19248: 18971: 18705: 16375: 16176: 16163:"British Capitalism and European Unification, from Ottawa to the Brexit Referendum" 15369: 15237: 14807:"Tories to ban councils from boycotting products from Israel under manifesto plans" 13699: 13657: 13289: 10293: 10213: 10099: 9340: 9306: 9258: 9110: 7253: 6771: 5759: 5698: 5554: 5224: 5107: 4915: 4739:

The Conservative Party has a variety of internal factions or ideologies, including

4673: 4628:

respectively. In the European Parliament, the Conservative Party's MEPs sat in the

4569: 4039:

disadvantaged women, which had been the subject of numerous reports by the Radio 4

4027: 3975:

Within the EU, the UK was one of the largest recipients of research funding in the

3937: 3925: 3902:

and EU Battlegroups to determine if there is any value in Britain's participation.

3633: 3626: 3358: 3318: 3281: 3255: 2921: 2782: 2762: 2659: 2577: 2484: 2384: 2263: 2243: 1774: 1487: 1313: 1233: 1175:, saw the United Kingdom through the Second World War. However, the party lost the 1155: 1134: 1068:

In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party. In Ireland, the

969: 913: 663: 640:) and Scotland, principal councils in Wales and local councils in Northern Ireland. 288: 18848: 18094: 17371:"Tories will keep Russia-linked donations totalling £1.93 million, says Liz Truss" 16940: 16591: 16503: 15635: 15089: 13510: 12896: 12870: 12809: 12747: 12569: 12539: 12509: 12479: 12449: 12423: 12339: 12221: 12052: 12026: 10437: 10187: 4237:'s reforms, such as the removal of the hereditary peers, the incorporation of the 3882:

that there is scope for expanding NATO's Article V to include new threats such as

1865: 1766:

by 55% No to 45% Yes on the question "Should Scotland be an independent country".

803:

For much of modern British political history, the United Kingdom exhibited a wide

713:

and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century, along with the

21912: 21254: 21235: 21095: 20954: 20948: 20916: 20493: 19482: 19477: 19437: 19228: 18956: 18829: 18798: 18778: 18658: 18596: 18535: 18494: 18463:

The Politics of Coalition: How the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Government Works

18414:

Ideologies of conservatism: conservative political ideas in the twentieth century

18370: 18288: 18128: 17472: 17433: 17272:

Greenwood, George; Midolo, Emanuele; O'Neill, Sean; Fisher, Lucy (23 July 2020).

17026: 16488: 15667: 15072: 14745:"U.K.'s Conservative Party vows to ban councils from boycotting Israeli products" 12629: 12110: 10425: 9254: 9105: 8995: 8934: 8646: 8561: 8254: 6850: 5767: 5684: 5549: 5479: 5399: 5282: 5103: 5044: 4910: 4841: 4705: 4637: 4553:

in 2018 was in fact given directly to him by his father-in-law, Russian oligarch

4372: 4347: 4151: 3765: 3734: 3730: 3615: 3611: 3237: 3232: 2807: 2802: 2742: 2684: 2567: 2469: 2449: 2404: 2399: 2331: 2248: 2220: 1985: 1822: 1732: 1652: 1644: 1534: 1441: 1437: 1374: 1151: 998: 981:. The term "Conservative Party" rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845. 812: 785: 690:

of the political spectrum. It encompasses various ideological factions including

524: 222: 21286: 18810: 16728: 13622: 13133: 12958:"Liz Truss to freeze energy bills at £2,500 a year average, funded by borrowing" 12168: 12142: 11838: 9653: 9344: 9311: 9288: 5102:

in the 1970s. It has included in its ranks Conservative Prime Ministers such as

4405:

which can only be organised if backed by a petition of more than fifty members.

1976:, including price caps on energy bills and government help to pay them. Truss's 22092: 22073: 21612: 20841: 19930: 19770: 19651: 19568: 19559: 19487: 19412: 19407: 19283: 19193: 19049: 18646:

Windscheffel, Alex. "Men or Measures? Conservative Party Politics, 1815–1951,"

18615: 17214:"Russian-born husband of Tory donor 'earned millions via oligarch connections'" 16845:"Conservative youth wing relaunched in bid to win back millennials from Labour" 16762:"Conservative youth wing relaunched in bid to win back millennials from Labour" 16371: 14468: 13480: 13386:"Sunak says he will bring back National Service if Tories win general election" 13165:"U.K. Prime Minister Liz Truss announces resignation after six weeks in office" 11948: 11322: 10390: 8994:

Vries, Catherine; Hobolt, Sara; Proksch, Sven-Oliver; Slapin, Jonathan (2021).

8493: 7787: 6612: 5805:

National campaigning within the Conservative Party is fundamentally managed by

5790: 5659: 5529: 5469: 5281:

Thatcher herself claimed philosophical inspiration from the works of Burke and

5263: 4940: 4925: 4764: 4613: 4554: 4320: 4104: 4077: 3976: 3808: 3797: 3793: 3761: 3682: 3646: 3543: 2812: 2752: 2699: 2592: 2572: 2524: 2479: 2459: 2434: 2424: 2379: 2369: 2364: 2233: 2169: 1618: 1558: 1546: 1370: 1121: 1022: 927: 781: 777: 761: 722: 667: 636: Councillors of local authorities in England (including 25 aldermen of the 586: 468: 447: 392: 18620:

Back from the Brink: The Extraordinary Fall and Rise of the Conservative Party

17265: 16181: 16162: 15241: 13076:"Liz Truss abandons plan to scrap 45p top rate of income tax amid Tory revolt" 12367:"Election 2017 polls latest: YouGov explains shock hung parliament prediction" 10418: 10103: 9504:"Europe-wide political divide emerging between cities and countryside – study" 9115: 9100: 4296:

Members of the public join the party by becoming part of a local constituency

3768:

foreign policy. Despite traditional links between the UK Conservatives and US

3598:

Since 1997 debate has occurred within the party between 'modernisers' such as

1950: 1676:

referendum and the process to implement the decision to leave the trade bloc.

1337: 22155: 22104: 21258: 21205: 21160: 21104: 20373: 19806: 19782: 19746: 19600: 19577: 19554: 19511: 19472: 19447: 19298: 19288: 19273: 18824: 17769: 17348: 17248:"FinCEN Files: Tory donor Lubov Chernukhin linked to $ 8m Putin ally funding" 17225: 16681: 16196: 16068: 15885: 15584:"Universal Credit: Amber Rudd acknowledges real problems with welfare system" 14849: 14409: 13711: 13669: 13566: 13358: 13260:"Reform UK overtakes Conservatives in new poll in fresh blow for Rishi Sunak" 13233: 12600:"Johnson seeks 12 December election after shelving 'do or die' Brexit pledge" 10463: 9912: 9124: 8249: 7982: 7834: 7740: 5747: 5504: 5275: 5240: 5228: 5200: 5164: 5160: 5145: 4969: 4945: 4930: 4867: 4857: 4720: 4697: 4685: 4558: 4069: 4041: 3996: 3905:

The Conservatives support the UK's possession of nuclear weapons through the

3883: 3824: 3773: 3754: 3678: 3666: 3637: 3619: 3607: 3562: 3338: 3291: 2901: 2797: 2777: 2722: 2644: 2629: 2587: 2519: 2504: 2439: 2429: 2336: 2253: 2228: 2019: 1929: 1876: 1869: 1837: 1725: 1696: 1684: 1648: 1632: 1585: 1479: 1289: 1253: 1249: 1050: 848: 844: 753: 734: 86: 71: 20671: 18484:

Electing Our Masters: The Hustings in British Politics from Hogarth to Blair

18151:"1835 General Election Results | From A Vision of Britain through Time" 17513:

From Soapbox to Soundbite: Party Political Campaigning in Britain since 1945

17120:"Major Donation to U.K. Conservative Party Was Flagged Over Russia Concerns" 16201:"Commons Votes, 356 to 242, for Britain's Membership in the European Market" 15908:"Labour slams PM for failure to create national infrastructure police force" 15546: 13649: 10955: 10153:

The Peers, the Parties and the People: The British General Elections of 1910

1905:

resulted in the Conservatives winning a majority, the Party's largest since

1467:. Unemployment had doubled between 1979 and 1982, largely due to Thatcher's 1424:

As Prime Minister, Thatcher focused on rejecting the mild liberalism of the

20992: 20898: 20856: 19690: 19646: 19535: 19521: 19462: 19393: 19258: 19243: 18986: 18951: 18009: 16913: 15812: 15342: 14338: 13106:"Liz Truss says she has 'absolutely no shame' in performing tax cut U-turn" 12286: 12253: 11639:"Member of David Cameron's team accused of groping woman's breast at No 10" 10297: 10146: 8872:

Bale, Tim (2011). The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron. p. 145.

7347: 7206: 5763: 5739: 5669: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5564: 5544: 5378: 5294: 5259: 5251: 5208: 5204: 5179: 5172: 5156: 5118: 5111: 4895: 4872: 4815: 4489: 4310: 4198: 4191: 3860: 3785: 3777: 3702: 3227: 2679: 2654: 2649: 2624: 2612: 2597: 2582: 2549: 2539: 2514: 2374: 2278: 2174: 1969: 1736: 1688: 1640: 1554: 1528:

On 16 September 1992, the Government suspended Britain's membership of the

1399: 1347: 1341: 1309: 960: 917: 828: 776:. Historically, the party supported the continuance and maintenance of the 273: 21036: 20770: 18709: 17934: 17306:"Revealed: The Tories are still receiving funds from Russia-linked donors" 16909:"City's influence over Conservatives laid bare by research into donations" 14244:"Say one thing, do another? The government's record rise in net migration" 13923:

Payne, Sebastian (16 December 2017). "Where next for the Conservatives?".

13776:"The UK's parliament is still the gayest in the world after 2019 election" 11892:"Tories 'have mishandled bullying and sexual misconduct claims for years'" 11127: 5813:

National campaigning sometimes occurs in-house by volunteers and staff at

4712:, an image of a hand carrying a torch was developed, which referenced the 4612:(ECR Party), which unites conservative parties in opposition to a federal 22020: 21972: 21882: 21666: 21004: 20892: 20794: 19830: 19794: 19497: 19442: 19308: 19293: 19128: 17702: 17549: 15614:"Is the National Minimum Wage Safe Under a Conservative Government Poll?" 14565:"The New Special Relationship: The British Conservative Party and Israel" 14002: 13222:"Sunak Announces U.K. Elections for July 4, Months Earlier Than Expected" 8029: 7926: 5913: 5818: 5639: 5619: 5372: 5368: 5353: 5271: 5255: 5099: 4950: 4935: 4752: 4550: 4470: 4197:

The Conservative Party has members with varying opinions of the EU, with

4001: 3980: 3929: 3921:, constituting the biggest reformation that the NHS has ever undertaken. 3852: 3820: 3706: 3698: 3674: 3642: 3599: 3520: 3396: 3209: 2767: 2717: 2669: 2664: 2534: 2509: 2489: 2419: 2273: 2214: 2209: 2127: 2012: 1802: 1795: 1692: 1604: 1433: 1321: 1293: 1265:

of MPs. In practice, it may have had the effect of lending more power to

1214: 974: 869: 808: 749: 738: 695: 58: 16906: 15490: 12027:"David Cameron and George Osborne hail plan after UK deficit target met" 11608:"Tory MPs Daniel Kawczynski, Dan Poulter and Stephen Crabb investigated" 10090:

Fraser, Peter (1962). "Unionism and Tariff Reform: The Crisis of 1906".

9721:"How Labour's Working-Class Vote Crumbled and Its Nemesis Won the North" 8928: 8926: 8555: 5843:

This chart shows the electoral performance of the Conservative Party in

5211:". The group has disparate views of social policy: Thatcher herself was 5132:. Ideologically, one-nation conservatism identifies itself with a broad 5098:

was the party's dominant ideology in the 20th century until the rise of

5039: 4099:, an end to the sale of petrol and diesel cars, quadruple the amount of 1920:. From late 2021 onwards, Johnson received huge public backlash for the 21917: 21569: 21456: 20966: 20125: 19724: 19605: 19595: 19590: 19581: 19572: 19563: 19388: 19268: 18651: 18528: 18281: 18072: 17247: 15959:"7 infrastructure takeaways from the 2024 Conservative Party manifesto" 15579: 14685:"Sajid Javid set to announce full ban of Hezbollah at party conference" 14243: 13703: 13623:"Gay marriage: MPs back bill despite Conservative backbench opposition" 12838: 12115: 11410: 10271:

The Party of Patriotism: The Conservative Party and the First World War

9624:"Conservatives 'receive donations worth £17,500 a day from developers'" 9262: 9101:"The 2022 Conservative Leadership Campaign and Post-racial Gatekeeping" 7651: 5779: 5654: 5474: 5393: 5358: 4920: 4701: 4681: 4515: 4423: 4392:

Associations select their constituency's candidates. Some associations

4234: 4035: 3828: 3625:

The party has strongly criticised what it describes as Labour's "state

3547: 3303: 2832: 2817: 2727: 2454: 2321: 1517: 1510: 1468: 1030: 843:. However, since the EU referendum in 2016, the Conservatives targeted 832: 210: 18306:(Oxford UP, 1992), 581 pp; 29 essays by scholars on specialized topics 17239: 15276:"[Withdrawn] Education Secretary announces first new T Levels" 15121:"British Conservatives Pushing Through "World's Toughest Smoking Ban"" 12000: 11721:"All the Tories embroiled in sexual misconduct allegations since 2019" 9901:"The Sordid Story of the Most Successful Political Party in the World" 1564:

The Conservative government was increasingly accused in the media of "

22116: 22044: 21900: 21774: 21432: 21210: 21128: 20782: 20458: 19818: 19303: 19223: 19198: 18470:

Cameron and the Conservatives: The Transition to Coalition Government

17980:"Conservative MPs call for 'moral values' agenda : ePolitix.com" 17278: 17035: 16687:

Personal Representation: The Neglected Dimension of Electoral Systems

14503:"London mayor Boris Johnson eyes Trump-style insurgency in EU battle" 13813: 13661: 12282:"Theresa May appeals to centre ground but cabinet tilts to the right" 10815:"Consumer Price Indices – RPI annual percentage change: 1948 to 2014" 10234:

Goodlad, Graham D. (1998). "The 'Crisis' of Edwardian Conservatism".

9289:"Charitable behaviour and political affiliation: Evidence for the UK" 9208: 9159: 8923: 8371: 6754: 5742:. The name stems from its support for three social institutions: the 5634: 5629: 5614: 5484: 5405: 5141: 4324: 3832: 3714: 3694: 3368: 3106: 2474: 2326: 2306: 2283: 2159: 2144: 1961: 1954: 1921: 1791: 1455:

Thatcher led the Conservatives to two further electoral victories in

1210: 1206: 1078: 45: 21257:. Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as 18693: 17864:"Tories at war: what happened to the world's most successful party?" 17400:"Anti-gay, climate change deniers: meet David Cameron's new friends" 17274:"Conservative Party ministers bankrolled by donors linked to Russia" 13750:"MPs vote for gay marriage bill by 400 to 175 in face of widespread" 13685:"Cameron's Conservative Party, social liberalism and social justice" 11670:"Scandal after scandal: timeline of Tory sleaze under Boris Johnson" 11577:"Tory MPs blocked bid to sign up to code stopping sexual harassment" 10685:

British Politics Since 1945: The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Consensus

10200: 8204:

List of organisations associated with the British Conservative Party

5114:. One-nation Conservatives in the contemporary party include former 3851:, the Conservative Party supported the coalition military action in 3673:

For much of the 20th century, the Conservative Party took a broadly

1603:

was elected leader of the party. Although Duncan Smith was a strong

997:, who carried through their own expansion of the franchise with the 22008: 21948: 21870: 21846: 21786: 21624: 21576: 21516: 21420: 20338: 19502: 18248: 17912: 17185: 16733: 16618:"Tory leadership: Who gets to choose the UK's next prime minister?" 16592:"Tory leadership: Who gets to choose the UK's next prime minister?" 16566:"Tory membership increases to 160,000 ahead of leadership election" 15640: 15547:"BBC Radio 4 – You and Yours, Universal Credit and electric planes" 14507: 14441: 12841:"UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson resigns after mutiny in his party" 12721:

Stewart, Heather; Proctor, Kate; Siddique, Haroon (12 March 2020).

12510:"Boris Johnson in 'deal or no deal' Brexit challenge to rival Hunt" 9302: 9144: 8967:"Never mind the politics, get a Brexit deal done, says UK business" 5751: 5644: 5440: 5415: 5388: 5216: 5129: 4085: 3603: 2301: 2238: 2164: 1229: 1209:, and government bureaucracy. It used the dissatisfaction with the 1072:

had been formed in 1891 which merged Unionists who were opposed to

1049:, which produced a massive Liberal victory. Liberal Prime Minister 374: 18770: 18346:

The Oxford Handbook of Modern British Political History, 1800–2000

17337:"Party funding linked to Russia – how much have Tories benefited?" 17062:

Mason, Rowena; editor, Rowena Mason Whitehall (29 December 2022).

16907:

Syal, Rajeev; Treanor, Jill; Mathiason, Nick (30 September 2011).

14873:. Royal United Services Institute. 8 February 2010. Archived from 14655:"Theresa May appears to align herself with Donald Trump on Israel" 13541:"Boris Johnson has ended the age of austerity – but his party isn" 12987:

Webber, Esther; Brenton, Hannah; Courea, Eleni (11 October 2022).

12871:"Boris Johnson: The inside story of the prime minister's downfall" 12810:"Boris Johnson resigns: Five things that led to the PM's downfall" 11839:"Deputy PM Oliver Dowden denies cover-up over MP rape allegations" 9840:"The Conservative Party may be destroyed by this European madness" 9474:"Keep Sunday Special: Why Sunday trading regulations need to stay" 4359: 4221:

Traditionally the Conservative Party has supported the uncodified

4190:(which became the European Union) was Conservative Prime Minister 1643:

as Prime Minister. The Conservatives gained control of the London

1506: 22172:

Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe member parties

21858: 21834: 21810: 21798: 21762: 21726: 21714: 21690: 21678: 21654: 21588: 21480: 21444: 21408: 18752: 16826:"Elliott Johnson: the young Tory destroyed by the party he loved" 14274:"Sunak under pressure as net migration to UK hits record 745,000" 14187:"Priti Patel scraps freedom of movement in new immigration rules" 13191:"Tories facing wipeout as Labour takes 36-point lead in new poll" 12570:"Brexit showdown: Who were Tory rebels who defied Boris Johnson?" 12001:"What is austerity and where could 'eye-watering' cuts fall now?" 11866:"Rape claims against Tory MP were not covered up, says deputy PM" 9393:"How a change in leadership could affect UK's Conservative Party" 8098: 5589: 4680:(EPP). It did so on the grounds that it is dominated by European 4257: 3984: 3965: 3815:

supported the idea of national home for the Jewish people. Under

3323: 2204: 1658: 840: 18304:

Churchill: A Major New Reassessment of His Life in Peace and War

18271:

Portrait of a Party: The Conservative Party in Britain 1918–1945

17612:"The history of political party logos and what they really mean" 17271: 16875: 15817:"The key areas of Boris Johnson's 'green industrial revolution'" 15461:"Reforming the Apprenticeships Programme in England (2010–2015)" 12196:"UK PM Cameron says will step down by October after Brexit vote" 11696:"Why a tide of sexual allegations has swept through Westminster" 9414:"Righter than Right: Tories' Hardline Drift May Lose the Public" 9038: 1308:

with larger majorities. Conservative Prime Ministers Churchill,

22080: 22068: 21996: 21924: 21803: 21750: 21683: 21600: 21564: 21528: 21504: 21468: 20983: 18843: 18381:

British conservatism: the politics and philosophy of inequality

14218:"How have Priti Patel's previous pledges on immigration fared?" 14065:"UK immigration hits record high, causing headache for Cameron" 13780:

PinkNews | Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news | LGBTQ+ news

12723:"Johnson: many more people will lose loved ones to coronavirus" 11783:"36 MPs named in Tory sexual misconduct 'spreadsheet of shame'" 9150:

The Conservative Party After Brexit: Turmoil and Transformation

8941:. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p. 143. 8778:"Conservatives re-launch youth wing in a bid to take on Labour" 5594: 5136:

stance. One-nation Conservatives are often associated with the

4536: 4335:(CCHQ) is effectively head of the Professional Party and leads 3804: 3710: 3690: 3650: 3373: 2346: 2018:

On 24 October 2022, Rishi Sunak was declared Leader, the first

1814: 1754:

Cameron's premiership was marked by the ongoing effects of the

1673: 1672:

in response. From 2015 the predominant political event was the

1421:

with a manifesto which concentrated on the party's philosophy.

938: 836: 820: 721:, it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the 496: 18501:

Angels in Marble: Working-class Conservatives in Urban England

17147:"These are the Conservative Party's secretive links to Russia" 14034:"As EU vote looms, immigration rise piles pressure on Cameron" 13051:"How Kwasi Kwarteng's mini-budget hit UK economy – in numbers" 10809: 9813:"Book Review: The Conservative Party from Thatcher to Cameron" 22032: 21822: 21738: 21552: 21540: 17477:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 43. 17064:"One in 10 Tory peers have given more than £100,000 to party" 12106:"It is 1992 all over again for David Cameron's Conservatives" 9938:

James, Liam; Middleton, Joe; Dalton, Jane (11 January 2023).

4688:, which the Conservatives were generally highly critical of. 4621: 3792:

with the United States following Britain's withdraw from the

3718: 921: 17025: 16321: 16319: 15989:"The second cycling and walking investment strategy (CWIS2)" 14625:"Britain's PM rebukes John Kerry for his 'attack' on Israel" 14334:"UK passes bill to honour pledge of 0.7% foreign aid target" 12661:"Brexit: MPs pass withdrawal agreement bill by 124 majority" 11949:"Election 2010: David Cameron becomes new UK Prime Minister" 10956:

Anthony Heath, Roger Jowell and John Curtice (29 May 1994).

9287:

Alzuabi, Raslan; Brown, Sarah; Taylor, Karl (October 2022).

4589:

which unites right-wing parties including the United States

4260:

Ken Clarke described it as "xenophobic and legal nonsense".

600: 21936: 20714: 18551:

British Politics, 1910–1935: The Crisis of the Party System

18353:

From Crisis to Coalition: The Conservative Party, 1997–2010

17834:

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations

17474:

Britain at the polls, 1983: a study of the general election

17245: 16676: 16674: 13867:"Liam Fox: Colourful politician with traditionalist agenda" 12314:"May says has triggered Article 50 to begin Brexit process" 9752:"The Conservatives' attack on the ECHR: A Long Time Coming" 8618:

List of Conservative Party (UK) general election manifestos

5814: 5810: 5325: 4728: 4669: 4442:

The major annual party events are the Spring Forum and the

3961: 3891: 3878: 3686: 3555: 3539: 2154: 1817:

in March 2017. In April 2017, the Cabinet agreed to hold a

1350:'s 1970–74 government was known for taking the UK into the 797: 18674:

The Longman Companion to the Conservative Party Since 1830

18603:

The Age of Disraeli, 1868–1881: The Rise of Tory Democracy

18321:

The Growth of the British Party System Volume I: 1640–1923

17796:"The siren song of the neocons in David Cameron's cabinet" 16294:"The threat to our democracy buried in the Tory manifesto" 13316:"Conservative manifesto 2024: summary of the key policies" 10498:

Britain Since 1945: The People's Peace: The People's Peace

10065:

The Growth of the British Party System Volume I: 1640–1923

9099:

Saini, Rima; Bankole, Michael; Begum, Neema (April 2023).

4608:

At a European level, the Conservatives are members of the

3936:, are in favour of full drug prohibition. Legalisation of 3788:. This has also been described as a reestablishing of the 1739:, Cameron was named Prime Minister, and the Conservatives 1409:

Loss of power weakened Heath's control over the party and

963:" was suggested as a title for the party in an article by 19842: 18383:(IB Tauris, 2010), Covers more than just political party. 18276:

Beer, Samuel. "The Conservative Party of Great Britain,"

18234:

The Conservatives since 1945: the Drivers of Party Change

17031:"The Tory donors with access to Boris Johnson's top team" 16504:"Conservative membership has nearly halved under Cameron" 16316: 12249:"May promises social reform in centrist leadership pitch" 12053:"Cameron and Miliband unite to oppose Scots independence" 11752:"Have the Conservatives got a sexual harassment problem?" 9070:"What does Tory mean and where does this term come from?" 5750:

and the family. To this end, it emphasises the country's

5149: 1821:

on 8 June. In a shock result, the election resulted in a

1351: 1167:). In May 1940, a more balanced coalition was formed—the 984: 733:

has shaped modern British politics for the last century.

16671: 12692:"End of the Brexit transition period: What will change?" 12222:"Theresa May set to be UK PM after Andrea Leadsom quits" 10419:

Fyfe, David Patrick Maxwell, Earl of Kilmuir (1900–1967)

9000:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 145. 8993: 8960: 8958: 8701:

Franchise extended to all 18- to 20-year-olds under the

8181:

Majority government (1900-1905); Opposition (1905-1906).

8145:

Opposition (1865-1866); Minority government (1866-1868).

8127:

Opposition (1857-1858); Minority government (1858-1859).

8085:

Majority government (1841-1846); Opposition (1846-1847).

5856:

For results of the Tories, the party's predecessor, see

4640:, before which the Conservative Party's MEPs sat in the 1909:. The party won several constituencies, particularly in 1091:

History of the United Kingdom during the First World War

752:

since the 1980s, although historically it advocated for

18586:

Conservative Century: The Conservative Party since 1900

17435:

Images of Power: How the Image Makers Shape Our Leaders

16876:

Crone, Stephen; Wilks-Heeg, Stuart (20 December 2010).

16069:"Rail franchises axed as help for train firms extended" 13598:"Conservatives split as first gay marriage vote passes" 13134:"Liz Truss resigns as prime minister after Tory revolt" 12839:

Jack Guy, Luke MGee and Ivana Kottasova (7 July 2022).

12540:"Brexit: Tory MP defects ahead of crucial no deal vote" 10359: 10357: 8997:

Foundations of European Politics A Comparative Approach

8933:

Falkenbach, Michelle; Greer, Scott (7 September 2021).

4381: 1892:

21 Conservative MPs had the Conservative whip withdrawn

1381:

support to form a coalition government. Labour won the

897:

in the 1780s. They were known as "Independent Whigs", "

16729:"The costly process of becoming an election candidate" 15668:"National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage rates" 15636:"Budget 2015: Osborne commits to national living wage" 15401:"Conservative manifesto 2015: summary of key policies" 15338:"Family at heart of Conservative policy, says Cameron" 15230:"UK government gives Brexit science funding guarantee" 14929:. Conservative Party. 11 February 2010. Archived from 14473:"New York Post compares Boris Johnson to Donald Trump" 12720: 11687: 11184:"Poll tracker: Interactive guide to the opinion polls" 9782:"How the Tories became the party of the working class" 8805: 8803: 5800: 4497: 4145: 4126:, but this was vetoed by their coalition partners the 3952:

In education, the Conservatives pledged to review the

18477:

British Political Opinion 1937–2000: The Gallup Polls

18029: 18027: 17393: 17391: 17362: 16044:"UK Government Launches Active Travel England | CIHT" 14983:"British Conservative Party election manifesto, 1945" 14266: 14157:"FactCheck: Are migrants causing the A&E crisis?" 12398:"Theresa May and the DUP deal: What you need to know" 11528:"Conservative or Labour preference ("forced choice")" 8955: 6743:

in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party

5773: 5734:

right-wing grouping is currently associated with the

4205:, while some Eurosceptics left the party to join the 4114: 3641:

globally. In 2019 former Conservative Home Secretary

3586:

Conservative Party supporters at Pride London in 2010

1960:

Boris Johnson's successor as leader was confirmed as

1625:

on 6 November 2003. Under Howard's leadership in the

780:. The party has taken various approaches towards the 22197:

European Conservatives and Reformists member parties

20555:

European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance

20073:

Organisations associated with the Conservative Party

18610:

The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902: Unionism and Empire

17181:"Why Britain's Tories are addicted to Russian money" 16648:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 202. 12897:"How Liz Truss won the Conservative leadership race" 11743: 10871:"On This Day 1990: Thatcher quits as prime minister" 10354: 10157:. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. 9937: 8842:"Capping welfare and working to control immigration" 8551: 5274:, something exhibited between Margaret Thatcher and 4339:, organisation of elections and drafting of policy. 4107:. In 2021, the Conservatives announced plans to cut 4048:

Until 1999, Conservatives opposed the creation of a

1584:

Major resigned as party leader and was succeeded by

1377:. Heath resigned within days, after failing to gain 1146:, who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 784:(EU), with eurosceptic and, to a decreasing extent, 709:

The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the

18878: 18605:(A History of the Conservative Party Series) (1992) 17643:"Tories seek to win gay vote with new rainbow logo" 17055: 16941:"Labour was best-funded UK political party in 2013" 15786:Wren, Gwenyth; Christensen, Thomas (12 July 2021). 15169:"Student loans extended to postgraduates in Budget" 15090:"'Surprise and disappointment' at UK drug response" 14927:"Liam Fox: The EU should only act when NATO cannot" 13615: 13290:"Rishi Sunak: Tory manifesto will include tax cuts" 12986: 12424:"Brexit: Theresa May says it's Chequers or no deal" 11831: 11713: 11661: 10434:, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 August 2007 9654:"Why some farmers are turning away from the Tories" 8800: 8190:

Minority government (1923); Opposition (1923-1924).

8172:

Minority government (1892); Opposition (1892-1895).

8163:

Minority government (1885-1886); Opposition (1886).

8154:

Opposition (1880-1885); Minority government (1885).

8136:

Minority government (1859); Opposition (1859-1865).

8118:

Minority government (1852); Opposition (1852-1857).

8109:

Opposition (1847-1852); Minority government (1852).

4616:, through which the Conservatives have ties to the 4064: 3870:and committed to carrying out a more comprehensive 1325:Circle', a formal election process was created and 1236:

is closely associated with the post-war settlement.

788:factions within it. Historically, the party took a 18407:The conservatives in crisis: the Tories after 1997 18024: 17855: 17388: 17174: 17172: 16668:Constitution of the Conservative Party, Schedule 6 15728: 14950: 14948: 14437:"Donald Trump and Boris Johnson kiss and make Out" 13683:Hayton, Richard; McEnhill, Libby (20 April 2015). 13567:"Chancellor Sajid Javid declares end of austerity" 12748:"Partygate: A timeline of the lockdown gatherings" 12480:"Boris Johnson wins race to be Tory leader and PM" 12340:"Theresa May's general election statement in full" 11922:"Election 2010 Timeline: How coalition was agreed" 11800: 11774: 11568: 10491: 10150: 9681: 9679: 9286: 5758:Prominent MPs from this wing of the party include 1579: 1513:, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997) 21330:Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists 21316: 20244:Conservative National Property Advisory Committee 17673:"UK Politics – Cameron: Tories need new identity" 17246:FinCEN Files reporting team (20 September 2020). 14235: 14209: 13741: 13589: 13481:"New 'enterprise zones' announced around England" 12450:"Theresa May resigns over Brexit: What happened?" 11883: 11857: 11178: 11176: 11170:The Conservative Party – From Thatcher to Cameron 10741: 10739: 9329:Oleart, Alvaro (2021). "Framing TTIP in the UK". 9236:Alonso, José M.; Andrews, Rhys (September 2020). 9098: 8844:. Conservative and Unionist Party. Archived from 8439:Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists 4502:The Conservative Party has received funding from 22153: 18650:Vol. 45, No. 4 (December 2002), pp. 937–51 18253:The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron 18095:"w4mp – The site for everyone working for an MP" 17917:The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron 16535:"Party membership: what are the latest figures?" 16370: 16340: 16338: 15036:"Which political parties want to legalise weed?" 15005:"50,000 march in NHS cuts protest in Manchester" 13939:"Mr Iain Duncan Smith – Contributions – Hansard" 13891: 13451:"The death and life of Britain's market economy" 12143:"David Cameron considers a referendum on Europe" 11630: 11599: 11560:. Conservative Party. 3 May 2008. Archived from 11217:"1997: Labour routs Tories in historic election" 9294:Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 9199: 8752:"Rishi Sunak donor gets top job with the Tories" 8603:Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK) 6737: 5852:Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK) 5839:Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK) 4620:and the governing parties of Israel and Turkey, 3863:'s £1.4bn cut to the helicopter budget in 2004. 3729:. The Conservatives have proposed a Pan-African 1848:, May announced her resignation on 24 May 2019. 1185: 807:; the Conservative Party's voting and financial 18636:(1965), a standard political history of the era 18454:Hayton, Richard, and Andrew Scott Crines, eds. 18008:. John Major. 25 September 1992. Archived from 17793: 17169: 15785: 15521:"Universal Credit for sick and disabled people" 14945: 14897:"UK Conservatives to increase defense spending" 14535:"Boris and Donald: A very special relationship" 14031: 13511:"Budget 2012: Top tax rate cut from 50p to 45p" 13163:Adam, Karla; Booth, William (20 October 2022). 12169:"EU referendum timeline: Countdown to the vote" 11694:Savage, Michael; Helm, Toby (4 November 2017). 11459: 11439: 11383: 10389: 9837: 9676: 9564:"How Tory dominance is built on home ownership" 8932: 8623:List of political parties in the United Kingdom 5725: 4241:into British law, and the 2009 creation of the 1916:Johnson presided over the UK's response to the 1388: 17113: 17111: 17109: 16989: 15730:"David Cameron pledges radical green shake-up" 14398:"Barack Obama gets backing from Boris Johnson" 14296: 14294: 13834: 13682: 12103: 11914: 11243:"BBC Vote 2001 – Results & Constituencies" 11173: 11014:"General Election Results, 9 April 1992 (PDF)" 10775: 10736: 9940:"Boris Johnson's biggest scandals: a timeline" 9440: 8184: 8175: 8166: 8157: 8148: 8139: 8130: 8121: 8112: 8103: 8079: 5832: 5128:The name itself comes from a famous phrase of 4580: 3632:Official statistics showed that EU and non-EU 1659:2010–2024: Austerity, Brexit, and the pandemic 1179:in a landslide to the resurgent Labour Party. 885:Some writers trace the party's origins to the 21302: 20700: 20676: 18864: 18351:Dorey, Peter; Garnett, Mark; Denham, Andrew. 18311:The Conservative Party From Peel To Churchill 17824: 17665: 17427: 17425: 17211: 16335: 14062: 13412:"Live results map of the UK general election" 12714: 12193: 12140: 11467:"Full text of David Cameron's victory speech" 11267: 11128:"Lecture 5 The Blair Revolution ppt download" 10180:"'Conservative' or 'Tory': What's in a name?" 9868: 9810: 9235: 8725:"Conservative Party Leadership Election 2024" 5706: 5076: 4256:; David Cameron expressed support, but party 3877:The Conservative Party upholds the view that 3500: 1471:battle against inflation. At the time of the 1159:both the Liberal Party and the Labour Party ( 1005:. In 1886, the party formed an alliance with 22202:International Democracy Union member parties 20054: 18612:(A History of the Conservative Party) (1996) 18468:Heppell, Timothy, and David Seawright, eds. 18456:Conservative orators from Baldwin to Cameron 18332:Margaret Thatcher; Volume Two: The Iron Lady 18302:Blake, Robert and Louis William Roger, eds. 17733:"A Christian Democrat leadership for the UK" 16541:. UK Parliament - House of Commons Library. 16468:"Tories voice fears over falling membership" 16156: 16154: 14087: 13128: 13126: 11156:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10583:"On This Day 1965: Heath is new Tory leader" 10482:, 'Mr Butskell's Dilemma', 13 February 1954. 5450: 5189: 4731:event at the 2009 conference in Manchester. 1269:parties and making candidates more uniform. 946:, which in turn derived from the Irish word 916:crisis of 1678–1681, which derived from the 792:approach. In defence policy, it supports an 21271:List of political parties by representation 20598:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 20538:European Conservatives and Reformists Party 20254:Conservative Science & Technology Forum 18807:– Conservative website directory (archived) 17887: 17516:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 203. 17106: 17061: 17019: 16823: 16790: 16426: 15574: 15572: 14291: 12989:"Liz Truss panics as markets keep plunging" 12364: 11946: 11097:"1993: Recession over – it's official" 10643:"1974 Oct : Wilson makes it four" 10533:The Labour Party in Crisis by Paul Whiteley 10177: 9534:"Why the UK has no clear party of business" 8692:which gave all women aged over 21 the vote. 4774: 4610:European Conservatives and Reformists Party 4394:have organised open parliamentary primaries 3757:had sought to distance himself from former 3570:which commenced in 2010, subsequent to the 1984:yields rose to 4.3 per cent, prompting the 1972:she introduced policies in response to the 1854: 1710: 1417:. Thatcher led her party to victory at the 947: 931: 22182:Centre-right parties in the United Kingdom 22177:Conservative parties in the United Kingdom 21309: 21295: 20707: 20693: 20279:Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists 18871: 18857: 18757: 17888:Garner, Robert; Kelly, Richard N. (1998). 17640: 17422: 17368: 16997:"Tories boosted by construction donations" 16692:European Consortium for Political Research 16563: 16465: 16432: 16061: 14467: 14395: 13970:"Cameron attacks 'state multiculturalism'" 13812:. Alan Duncan. 27 May 2012. Archived from 13344: 12740: 12622: 12532: 12472: 12079:"Scottish independence referendum Results" 11693: 11211: 11209: 9931: 9714: 9712: 5713: 5699: 5083: 5069: 4521:Intelligence and Security Committee Russia 4012: 3807:. Historic Conservative statesmen such as 3507: 3493: 1890:on 3 September 2019. Later that same day, 1815:withdrawing the UK from the European Union 1332: 1196: 22167:1834 establishments in the United Kingdom 19994:Directly elected city mayoral authorities 18296:The Conservative Party from Peel to Major 17825:Lynch, Philip; Whitaker, Richard (2012). 17818: 17509: 16180: 16151: 15754: 15628: 15033: 14957:"The EU should only act when NATO cannot" 14715:"UK to outlaw Hezbollah's political wing" 14127:"10 truths about Europe's migrant crisis" 14056: 13188: 13162: 13123: 13017: 12395: 11749: 11294: 10901:"1990: Tories choose Major for Number 10" 10452:The Conservative Party from Peel to Major 10316:Multi-Party Politics and the Constitution 10207:"Guide to the Conservative Party Archive" 9970:The Conservative Party from Peel to Major 9310: 9114: 8989: 8987: 5307:Why Britain needs a Social Market Economy 5266:pledge to leave the EU. Thatcherites and 3947: 3912: 3550:negotiated a British opt-out in the 1992 1997: 1886:Johnson lost his working majority in the 1780: 1385:with an overall majority of three seats. 1112:. The Liberal party never recovered, but 22187:Right-wing parties in the United Kingdom 19675: 18932:History of conservatism in Great Britain 18833:) is being considered for deletion. See 18540: 18179: 16635: 16532: 16291: 16160: 15569: 15398: 15155:Center for American Progress Action Fund 14434: 14331: 14124: 14025: 13793: 13773: 13048: 12925: 12630:"UK results: Conservatives win majority" 11667: 11386:"Howard wins Tory leadership by default" 10313: 10031:. Oxford University Press. p. 144. 8896: 8093: 8091: 4526:Russian interference in British politics 4358: 4276: 4216: 4181: 4154:), electric vehicles, bus networks, and 4056:, Chancellor George Osborne announced a 3660: 3581: 3077:Alliance EPP: European People's Party UK 2007: 1949: 1864: 1825:, with the Conservative Party needing a 1790: 1720: 1505: 1501: 1398: 1369:in a bid to win public support during a 1336: 1228: 1224: 1138: 991:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 864: 811:has historically consisted primarily of 205:4 Matthew Parker Street, London SW1H 9HQ 20716:Political parties in the United Kingdom 19632:Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party 18579:A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918 17861: 17609: 17438:. London: Kogan Page Ltd. p. 120. 17397: 17117: 16882:British Politics and Policy blog at LSE 16824:Hattenstone, Simon (27 November 2015). 16720: 16680: 16433:McGuinness, Feargal (3 December 2012). 15698:"Changes to State Pension Age | Age UK" 15335: 15227: 14773: 14364: 14300: 13967: 13219: 12776: 12658: 12279: 11806: 11780: 11574: 11495: 11442:"Tories crown Cameron their new leader" 11411:"2005 General election results summary" 11206: 10431:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10397:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 238–41. 10268: 10233: 10145: 9981: 9718: 9709: 9471: 9193: 9139: 9137: 9027: 9025: 9023: 8809: 8775: 8608:List of conservative parties by country 8028: 7981: 4469:Construction businesses, including the 3519:The Conservative Party believes that a 2862:Reflections on the Revolution in France 1329:was held in 1965, won by Edward Heath. 14: 22154: 20299:Conservatives for International Travel 20151:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation 18791:Constitution of the Conservative Party 18543:Liberalism and Conservatism, 1846–1905 18127:. Election.demon.co.uk. Archived from 18117: 17470: 17334: 17178: 16971:"Details of party accounts since 2002" 16921:from the original on 25 September 2013 16805:from the original on 13 September 2024 16772:from the original on 13 September 2024 16726: 16708:from the original on 13 September 2024 16641: 16615: 16292:Leybourn, Heather (11 December 2019). 15811: 15750: 15748: 15726: 15301: 15299: 15297: 15118: 14774:Mueller, Benjamin (16 December 2019). 14365:Tempest, Matthew (11 September 2006). 14241: 14215: 13997: 13995: 13747: 13654:Observatoire de la société britannique 13647: 13595: 13383: 12085:from the original on 18 September 2014 11889: 11863: 11107:from the original on 16 September 2010 10994:from the original on 14 September 2023 10968:from the original on 14 September 2015 10919: 10791:from the original on 29 September 2021 10283: 10089: 10078:Liberalism and Conservatism, 1846–1905 10024: 9749: 9731:from the original on 28 September 2020 9719:Mueller, Benjamin (13 December 2019). 9441:Hartley-Brewer, Julia (25 July 2000). 9411: 9328: 9177:from the original on 14 September 2023 9092: 9067: 8984: 8936:The Populist Radical Right and Health 8598:History of the Conservative Party (UK) 8295:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation 7472: 7430: 6695: 6653: 5301:within the party tend to advocate the 5177:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State 5155:One-nation Conservatives often invoke 4408: 4400:. Prospective candidates apply to the 4022:were moved onto a new benefit scheme, 3849:terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 1681:Islamophobia in the Conservative Party 1498:and she resigned on 28 November 1990. 1375:left no party with an overall majority 1279:Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton 985:1867–1914: Conservatives and Unionists 861:History of the Conservative Party (UK) 702:. There have been twenty Conservative 385:Clear Plan, Bold Action, Secure Future 22207:Political parties established in 1834 21383: 21290: 20688: 20675: 20515: 20447: 20274:Conservative Women National Committee 20053: 19861: 19674: 19037: 18892: 18852: 18819:– International conference (archived) 18691: 18584:Seldon, Anthony and Stuart Ball, eds. 18523:Parry, J. P. "Disraeli and England," 18396: 18293: 18280:14#1 (February 1952), pp. 41–71 18161:from the original on 18 February 2020 17955: 17806:from the original on 21 December 2016 17683:from the original on 23 February 2009 17653:from the original on 7 September 2013 17641:Mulholland, Hélène (28 August 2009). 17578: 17431: 17410:from the original on 6 September 2013 17369:Gutteridge, Nick (23 February 2022). 17074:from the original on 29 December 2022 16842: 16759: 16741:from the original on 16 December 2018 16466:Mulholland, Hélène (5 October 2010). 16304:from the original on 11 February 2021 16243:from the original on 23 February 2003 16195: 16139:from the original on 21 February 2024 16109:from the original on 18 November 2021 15827:from the original on 24 November 2020 15179:from the original on 27 February 2017 15151:"Apprenticeship Expansion in England" 15100:from the original on 22 November 2021 15046:from the original on 22 November 2021 15015:from the original on 17 December 2018 14804: 14313:from the original on 12 February 2009 14137:from the original on 26 November 2016 14093: 13980:from the original on 1 September 2013 13922: 13847:from the original on 10 December 2011 13774:Reynolds, Andrew (13 December 2019). 13461:from the original on 18 February 2019 13049:Grierson, Jamie (30 September 2022). 12907:from the original on 5 September 2022 12689: 12671:from the original on 20 December 2019 12659:Stewart, Heather (20 December 2019). 12640:from the original on 13 December 2019 12580:from the original on 3 September 2019 12550:from the original on 3 September 2019 12490:from the original on 30 November 2019 12404:from the original on 23 November 2018 12246: 12175:from the original on 23 November 2019 11928:from the original on 6 September 2017 11902:from the original on 14 November 2023 11819:from the original on 14 November 2023 11762:from the original on 14 November 2023 11731:from the original on 14 November 2023 11649:from the original on 15 November 2023 11636: 11618:from the original on 15 November 2023 11605: 11587:from the original on 14 November 2023 11421:from the original on 23 February 2012 11194:from the original on 17 December 2009 11069: 11067: 11026:from the original on 14 November 2020 10927:"1992: Tories win again against odds" 10821:from the original on 13 February 2015 10593:from the original on 27 November 2012 9762:from the original on 23 December 2021 9472:Special, Keep Sunday (12 June 2020). 9453:from the original on 11 February 2021 9405: 9384: 8964: 8899:"Irish Home Rule: An imagined future" 8822:from the original on 5 September 2022 8749: 8703:Representation of the People Act 1969 8690:Representation of the People Act 1928 8677:Representation of the People Act 1918 8660:Representation of the People Act 1884 8425:European Conservatives and Reformists 8208: 8088: 7299: 5250:Whilst a number of party members are 4644:, which had become a subgroup of the 4630:European Conservatives and Reformists 3872:Strategic Defence and Security Review 1300:The Conservatives were re-elected in 876:and founder of the Conservative Party 794:independent nuclear weapons programme 27:Political party in the United Kingdom 21360:International Women's Democrat Union 18813:– Special Report: Conservative Party 18298:(4th ed.). London: Faber Finds. 18255:. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. 18247: 18125:"General Election Results 1885–1979" 17911: 17743:from the original on 13 October 2016 17530:from the original on 8 November 2021 17491:from the original on 8 November 2021 17452:from the original on 8 November 2021 17212:Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (26 March 2022). 17029:; Henry Zeffman (20 February 2022). 16589: 16564:Littlejohn, Georgina (26 May 2019). 16435:"Membership of UK political parties" 16348:. Conservative Party. Archived from 16273:from the original on 8 November 2021 16213:from the original on 8 November 2021 16091: 15918:from the original on 28 January 2021 15874:"Why Lib Dems reject bill of rights" 15871: 15741:from the original on 9 October 2023. 15727:Pierce, Andrew (14 September 2007). 15708:from the original on 1 December 2018 15594:from the original on 1 December 2018 15557:from the original on 1 December 2018 15501:from the original on 1 December 2018 15441:from the original on 1 December 2018 15380:from the original on 1 December 2018 15317:from the original on 1 December 2018 14817:from the original on 31 October 2020 14776:"U.K. Plans to Pass Anti-B.D.S. Law" 14725:from the original on 8 November 2020 14695:from the original on 9 November 2020 14665:from the original on 8 November 2020 14635:from the original on 8 November 2020 14605:from the original on 27 October 2020 14575:from the original on 4 December 2020 14515:from the original on 6 February 2021 14483:from the original on 6 February 2021 14449:from the original on 6 February 2021 14396:Mulholland, Hélène (1 August 2008). 14167:from the original on 1 December 2018 14125:Kingsley, Patrick (10 August 2015). 14032:Kylie Maclellan (25 February 2016). 13968:Sparrow, Andrew (26 February 2008). 13949:from the original on 1 December 2018 13201:from the original on 9 December 2022 13144:from the original on 20 October 2022 12999:from the original on 22 October 2022 12968:from the original on 20 October 2022 12820:from the original on 22 October 2022 12807: 12789:from the original on 23 October 2022 12758:from the original on 23 October 2022 12702:from the original on 23 October 2022 12610:from the original on 9 December 2019 12261:from the original on 1 December 2016 11508:from the original on 8 November 2021 11477:from the original on 12 January 2014 11138:from the original on 8 November 2021 10724:from the original on 4 November 2016 9984:New World Dictionary & Thesaurus 9881:from the original on 18 October 2017 9664:from the original on 25 October 2022 9484:from the original on 5 December 2020 9428: 9390: 9143: 9134: 9020: 8897:McConnel, James (17 February 2011). 8463: 8399: 8356: 8288: 8213: 8197: 7252: 7205: 4382:Prospective parliamentary candidates 4201:Conservatives joining the affiliate 1244:which marked its acceptance of the " 956:, since outlaws were "pursued men". 874:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 405:Devolved or semi-autonomous branches 20516: 20186:Conservative Friends of the Chinese 19890:Treasurer of the Conservative Party 19862: 18560:(2018), a fully detailed biography. 18511:Britain between the Wars, 1918–1940 17862:Windsor, Richard (5 October 2022). 17286:from the original on 17 August 2023 17007:from the original on 25 August 2017 16857:from the original on 2 October 2023 16791:Riley-Smith, Ben (18 August 2016). 16161:Georgiou, Christakis (April 2017). 15755:Shepheard, Marcus (20 April 2020). 15745: 15678:from the original on 17 August 2013 15294: 15066:"Legalise cannabis for pain relief" 14954: 14907:from the original on 2 October 2023 14835: 14303:"Cameron's Britain: Foreign policy" 14197:from the original on 18 August 2020 14075:from the original on 30 August 2017 14044:from the original on 30 August 2017 13992: 13810:"Biography – Rt Hon Alan Duncan MP" 13491:from the original on 2 October 2023 13086:from the original on 5 October 2022 13030:from the original on 5 October 2022 13018:Gilchrist, Karen (5 October 2022). 12938:from the original on 4 October 2022 12690:Fella, Stefano (17 November 2020). 12141:Nick Robinson (27 September 2012). 12059:from the original on 15 August 2023 11981:from the original on 14 August 2023 11955:from the original on 14 August 2023 11575:Cowburn, Ashley (30 October 2017). 11498:"Minister in Tory homophobia claim" 11440:Matthew Tempest (6 December 2005). 11384:Matthew Tempest (6 November 2003). 11365:from the original on 22 August 2017 11303:from the original on 16 August 2023 11276:from the original on 16 August 2023 10563:from the original on 8 January 2018 10515:from the original on 1 January 2016 10178:Padmanabhan, Leala (8 April 2015). 9919:from the original on 2 October 2023 9819:from the original on 15 August 2016 9697:from the original on 16 August 2020 9508:Bennett Institute for Public Policy 9401:. London: Al Jazeera Media Network. 9369:from the original on 3 October 2023 8938:National Policies and Global Trends 8810:Wheeler, Brian (5 September 2022). 8613:List of Conservative Party MPs (UK) 8458: 8310:Conservative Friends of the Chinese 7925: 7786: 7739: 5801:Electoral performance and campaigns 5793:as Chancellor of the Exchequer and 4498:Financial ties to Russian oligarchs 4388:Prospective parliamentary candidate 4243:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 4239:European Convention on Human Rights 4146:Transport and infrastructure policy 4026:, which was then subsumed into the 2942:Tradition and the Individual Talent 24: 21384: 21365:International Young Democrat Union 20725:Legislatures of the United Kingdom 20622:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists 20161:Conservative Co-operative Movement 19885:Conservative Campaign Headquarters 18461:Hazell, Robert and Ben Yong, eds. 18225: 18035:"Party Structure and Organisation" 17713:from the original on 25 April 2012 17622:from the original on 30 March 2018 17550:"Tories show off 'scribbled' logo" 17335:Walker, Peter (23 February 2022). 17316:from the original on 4 August 2023 17193:from the original on 4 August 2023 17157:from the original on 4 August 2023 16977:from the original on 30 April 2017 16951:from the original on 24 April 2018 16478:from the original on 23 April 2014 16414:from the original on 14 April 2010 16380:British electoral facts, 1832–2006 16346:"Party Structure and Organisation" 16263:"Clarke slams Cameron rights plan" 15905: 15336:Summers, Deborah (15 March 2008). 14216:Taylor, Diane (9 September 2021). 14094:Grice, Andrew (26 February 2015). 14003:"Tory warning on multiculturalism" 13892:Montgomerie, Tim (November 2012). 13748:Wright, Oliver (6 February 2013). 13648:Porion, Stéphane (31 March 2014). 13596:Osborn, Andrew (6 February 2013). 12346:from the original on 19 April 2017 12202:from the original on 4 August 2023 12149:from the original on 4 August 2023 12033:from the original on 4 August 2023 12007:from the original on 4 August 2023 11890:Wright, Oliver (7 November 2023). 11781:Simpson, Fiona (30 October 2017). 11558:"Boris is the new Mayor of London" 11064: 10937:from the original on 22 April 2009 10851:from the original on 22 April 2009 10757:from the original on 22 April 2009 10653:from the original on 22 April 2009 10623:from the original on 22 April 2009 10131:. pp. 373–428. 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A law was passed in 2019, that 3723:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2041: 1939: 1898:, calling for a general election. 1846:rejected by Parliament three times 1833:to support a minority government. 1623:stood for the leadership unopposed 1084: 358:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists 202:Conservative Campaign Headquarters 25: 22233: 21732:Christian Social Union in Bavaria 20289:Conservatives Against Fox Hunting 20219:Conservative Humanist Association 20204:Conservative Friends of Palestine 20190:Conservative Friends of Gibraltar 20156:Conservative Christian Fellowship 20110:Association of Conservative Clubs 20090:Conservative Women's Organisation 18927:History of the Conservative Party 18837:to help reach a consensus. › 18771:Conservatives in Northern Ireland 18744: 18730:Twentieth Century British History 18716:from the original on 21 July 2017 18698:Twentieth Century British History 18688:Twentieth Century British History 18665: 18567:(2003) Rowman & Littlefield. 18405:Garnett, Mark, and Philip Lynch. 18236:. 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T., and A. Silver. 18486:(Oxford University Press, 2009) 18204:"Who are the New Conservatives?" 18196: 18173: 18143: 18087: 18065:"Philip May's Calling Community" 18057: 17998: 17972: 17949: 17933:. Better Off Out. 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November 2019). 14798: 14767: 14737: 14707: 14677: 14647: 14617: 14587: 14557: 14545:from the original on 8 June 2020 14527: 14495: 14461: 14428: 14389: 14358: 14325: 14179: 14149: 14118: 14106:from the original on 7 July 2015 14063:William James (27 August 2015). 13961: 13931: 13916: 13904:from the original on 10 May 2013 13885: 13859: 13828: 13802: 13767: 13676: 13641: 13559: 13533: 13503: 13473: 13443: 13434: 13422:from the original on 7 July 2024 13404: 13392:from the original on 25 May 2024 13377: 13345:Gutteridge, Nick (17 May 2024). 13338: 13308: 13282: 13252: 13240:from the original on 22 May 2024 13213: 13182: 13156: 13098: 13068: 13042: 13011: 12980: 12950: 12926:Sinclair, Tom (4 October 2022). 12919: 12889: 12863: 12851:from the original on 25 May 2023 12832: 12801: 12770: 12683: 12652: 12592: 12562: 12502: 12460:from the original on 26 May 2019 12442: 12416: 12389: 12358: 12332: 12306: 12273: 12240: 12214: 12187: 12161: 12134: 12097: 12071: 12045: 12019: 11993: 11967: 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Pensions 4024:Employment and Support Allowance 3990: 3924:The Conservative Party supports 3577: 3474: 3462: 3177:Conservative Democratic Alliance 2852:A Vindication of Natural Society 2069: 1808:vote to leave the European Union 1764:Scottish Independence referendum 1731:The 2010 election resulted in a 1530:European Exchange Rate Mechanism 1395:Premiership of Margaret Thatcher 1171:—which, under the leadership of 1029:when it split over the issue of 744:The party has generally adopted 585: 44: 21672:Nationalist Republican Alliance 21370:Union of Latin American Parties 20499:Society of Conservative Lawyers 20448: 20181:Conservative Friends of America 18881:Conservative and Unionist Party 18558:Churchill: Walking with Destiny 17890:British political parties today 17581:"Tory Oak Tree Logo Turns Blue" 17579:Jones, George (8 August 2007). 17179:Webber, Esther (7 March 2022). 15938:"Transport Investment Strategy" 15399:Swinford, Steven (8 May 2015). 15370:"Shared Parental Leave and Pay" 14435:Chadwick, Vince (24 May 2016). 14332:Anderson, Mark (9 March 2015). 14301:Robbins, James (26 June 2008). 13835:Spencer, Clare (October 2011). 12426:. BBC News. 17 September 2018. 11975:"Top Tory admits Govt 'broken'" 11637:Watts, Joe (14 November 2017). 11538:from the original on 2 May 2007 11295:Nyta Mann (13 September 2001). 11261: 11235: 11164: 11119: 11089: 11038: 11006: 10980: 10949: 10893: 10863: 10833: 10803: 10769: 10747:"1983: Thatcher triumphs again" 10703: 10690: 10677: 10665: 10635: 10605: 10575: 10549: 10536: 10527: 10485: 10473: 10468:Journal of Contemporary History 10457: 10444: 10411: 10383: 10370: 10338: 10322: 10277: 10262: 10246: 10227: 10194: 10171: 10139: 10118: 10083: 10070: 10057: 10018: 9990: 9975: 9962: 9893: 9862: 9831: 9811:Steve Coulter (10 April 2011). 9804: 9774: 9743: 9646: 9616: 9586: 9556: 9526: 9496: 9465: 9434: 9412:Walker, Peter (1 August 2022). 9322: 9280: 9229: 9061: 9031: 9014: 8917: 8890: 5826:Voter Communications Department 4398:Board of the Conservative Party 4328:consensus among backbench MPs. 4267: 3919:Health and Social Care Act 2012 3092:Conservative and Unionist Party 1651:defeated the Labour incumbent, 1594:fuel protests of September 2000 1580:1997–2010: Political wilderness 1572:, their worst defeat since the 1490:(known by its opponents as the 1120:economy. The fresh emphasis on 652:Conservative and Unionist Party 633: 37:Conservative and Unionist Party 18:Conservative and Unionist Party 21276:Politics of the United Kingdom 20239:Conservative Education Society 20209:Conservative Friends of Turkey 20199:Conservative Friends of Israel 20166:Conservative Countryside Forum 19970:Northern Ireland Conservatives 19038: 18527:43#3 (2000), pp. 699–728 16843:Yorke, Harry (16 March 2018). 16760:Yorke, Harry (16 March 2018). 16616:Fisher, Lucy (26 March 2021). 16533:Audickas, Lukas (2 May 2018). 15963:Institution of Civil Engineers 15465:Centre For Public Impact (CPI) 14955:Fox, Liam (11 February 2010). 14836:Fox, Liam (17 December 2009). 12247:Mason, Rowena (11 July 2016). 12194:William James (24 June 2016). 12171:. BBC News. 20 February 2016. 12003:. BBC News. 17 November 2022. 11668:Halliday, Josh (1 July 2022). 11496:Wheeler, Brian (3 July 2009). 10811:Office for National Statistics 10713:British Journal of Criminology 10501:. Oxford UP. pp. 114–15. 9750:Garcha, Ciara (3 April 2021). 8881: 8875: 8866: 8860: 8834: 8769: 8743: 8717: 8628:Politics of the United Kingdom 8480:Northern Ireland Conservatives 8351: 8305:Conservative Friends of Turkey 8300:Conservative Friends of Israel 8267:, launched in 2023 by mostly " 8012: 7956: 7909: 7817: 7770: 7681: 7634: 7592: 7503: 7377: 7290:Conservative–National Liberal 7283: 7243:Conservative–National Liberal 7236: 7144: 7051: 6922: 6880: 6833: 6726: 6684: 6602:Conservative–Liberal Unionist 6595: 6560:Conservative–Liberal Unionist 6424: 6293: 6244: 6202: 6118: 6076: 5987: 5943: 4672:from at least seven of the 27 4654:Liberal Conservative Reformers 4514:by the Kremlin to support the 4437: 4034:, the then Secretary of State 3593:the 2013 same-sex marriage act 3422:Politics of the United Kingdom 2982:Our Culture, What's Left of It 1840:, which resulted in her draft 1110:landslide in the 1918 election 658:and colloquially known as the 614:Politics of the United Kingdom 428:Northern Ireland Conservatives 13: 1: 21318:International Democracy Union 21186:Justice & Anti-Corruption 20585:European People's Party Group 20194:Conservative Friends of India 20171:Conservative Disability Group 19954:Conservative Party Conference 18822: 18817:The Thatcher legacy 1979–2009 18737:Contemporary European History 18690:27#2 (2016): 290–304. online 18442:The Conservatives – A History 17982:. 4 June 2011. Archived from 17118:Bradley, Jane (12 May 2022). 14242:Atkins, Ros (25 March 2024). 13837:"Daily View: Liam Fox's fate" 13220:Landler, Mark (22 May 2024). 13189:Jon Stone (17 October 2022). 12104:Parker, George (8 May 2015). 12055:. BBC News. 11 January 2012. 11361:. BBC News. 29 October 2003. 11125: 11046:"1992: UK crashes out of ERM" 10557:"History of Sir Alec Douglas" 10318:. Cambridge University Press. 10028:Safire's Political Dictionary 9871:"Why the Tories keep winning" 9869:Andrew Gimson (15 May 2017). 9391:Falk, Thomas (20 July 2022). 8711: 8406:International Democracy Union 5270:in the party tend to support 4626:Justice and Development Party 4587:International Democracy Union 4444:Conservative Party Conference 4354: 4307:Conservative Party Conference 4287:Conservative Party Conference 4203:Conservative Group for Europe 3890:British national defence and 3677:stance in relations with the 3412:List of British conservatives 1327:the first leadership election 1284:With a narrow victory at the 1186:1945–1975: Post-war consensus 320:International Democracy Union 22062:People's Democratic Movement 21546:Independent Democratic Union 20610:Movement for European Reform 20544:International Democrat Union 20329:Margaret Thatcher Foundation 20264:Conservative Transport Group 20259:Conservative Trade Unionists 18643:(2010) 49#4 pp. 826–48. 17398:Traynor, Ian (2 June 2009). 16645:British Politics For Dummies 16539:commonslibrary.parliament.uk 16440:. House of Commons Library. 15620:. 5 May 2011. Archived from 14689:jewishnews.timesofisrael.com 10698:Contemporary British History 10438:UK public library membership 10395:Austerity Britain: 1945–1951 9246:Public Administration Review 8534:Conservative Future Scotland 8394: 5726:Traditionalist Conservatives 4599:Conservative Party of Canada 4233:. The party opposed many of 4105:green post-COVID-19 recovery 3649:following the completion of 3417:Philosophy of Thomas Carlyle 1964:on 5 September, following a 1861:Premiership of Boris Johnson 1717:Premiership of David Cameron 1389:1975–1990: Margaret Thatcher 1192:Post-war Britain (1945–1979) 1128: 1116:gained strength after 1920. 805:urban–rural political divide 700:traditionalist conservatives 678:since being defeated in the 136:; 190 years ago 7: 22086:Forum for Democratic Change 21462:National Independence Party 21335:Asia Pacific Democrat Union 20616:Alliance for an Open Europe 20592:European Conservative Group 20176:Conservative European Forum 18982:General election manifestos 18893: 18472:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). 18355:(2011) Palgrave Macmillan. 17902:Politics Review, April 2013 17585:www.telegraph.co.uk Limited 15912:Infrastructure Intelligence 15618:General-election-2010.co.uk 15431:"Help paying for childcare" 15307:"David Cameron on families" 13894:"Underrated: Owen Paterson" 13384:Powell, Rob (25 May 2024). 12365:Jon Sharman (31 May 2017). 12342:. BBC News. 18 April 2017. 11947:Robin Brant (12 May 2010). 9345:10.1007/978-3-030-53637-4_6 9312:10.1016/j.socec.2022.101917 8547: 5833:UK general election results 5665:Traditionalist conservatism 5254:, some free-marketeers are 5121:, the current chair of the 4581:International organisations 4575:Boris Johnson's premiership 4530:Russian invasion of Ukraine 4402:Conservative Central Office 4082:UK greenhouse gas emissions 3776:, a Conservative, endorsed 3743:Anglo-American Relationship 3733:, which it says could help 3144:Veterans and People's Party 2036: 1842:Brexit withdrawal agreement 1609:European Union Constitution 1361:Heath had come to power in 1047:an election in January 1906 908:was an insult that entered 772:, and has been critical of 10: 22238: 22014:Slovenian Democratic Party 22002:Democratic Party of Serbia 21852:Maldivian Democratic Party 21720:Christian Democratic Union 21642:National Progressive Force 21522:Union of Democratic Forces 21498:Party of Democratic Action 21166:Christian Peoples Alliance 21146:Abolish the Welsh Assembly 21073:Traditional Unionist Voice 20961:Scottish Liberal Democrats 20575:Conservative–DUP agreement 20214:Conservative History Group 20141:Blue Collar Conservativism 18911:Conservative Party Archive 18641:Journal of British Studies 18634:English History, 1914–1945 18155:www.visionofbritain.org.uk 18006:"Mr Major's Third Cabinet" 17510:Rosenbaum, Martin (1996). 16590:Bale, Tim (23 June 2019). 14511:. Reuters. 23 March 2016. 12808:Amos, Owen (7 July 2022). 12396:Alex Hunt (26 June 2017). 12316:. Reuters. 29 March 2017. 12224:. BBC News. 11 July 2016. 12029:. BBC News. 2 March 2018. 11330:University of Huddersfield 10687:(2nd ed. Blackwell, 1997). 10332:(4th ed. 1949) pp 504–66. 10256:(4th ed. 1949) pp 375–432 10203:Conservative Party Archive 8633: 8505:Conservative Party Archive 8201: 5836: 5797:as Deputy Prime Minister. 5293:, whilst Enoch Powell and 5194:The "free-market wing" of 5134:paternalistic conservative 4595:Liberal Party of Australia 4518:, and increased after the 4453: 4412: 4385: 4140:Ministry of Defence Police 4136:Civil Nuclear Constabulary 3572:2007–2008 financial crisis 3167:Blue Collar Conservativism 3112:Traditional Unionist Voice 3087:Christian Peoples Alliance 2004:Premiership of Rishi Sunak 2001: 1943: 1858: 1787:Premiership of Theresa May 1784: 1775:stay in the European Union 1756:2007–2008 financial crisis 1714: 1668:and the implementation of 1666:2007–2008 financial crisis 1392: 1189: 1132: 1088: 880: 858: 854: 664:two main political parties 21394: 21390: 21379: 21324: 21266: 21244: 21196:Lincolnshire Independents 21138: 21094: 21028:Northern Ireland Assembly 21026: 20982: 20926: 20840: 20732: 20722: 20682: 20677:Links to related articles 20663:United Kingdom portal 20643: 20563: 20533:List of current alliances 20526: 20522: 20511: 20479:Centre for Social Justice 20474:Centre for Policy Studies 20454: 20443: 20402: 20389:Young Britons' Foundation 20234:Conservative Muslim Forum 20118: 20082: 20064: 20060: 20049: 20025: 20017:Conservative Associations 20009: 19993: 19962: 19946: 19923: 19907: 19872: 19868: 19857: 19681: 19670: 19624: 19317: 19212: 19115: 19048: 19044: 19033: 18997:Irish Conservative Party 18967:Unionist Free Food League 18919: 18903: 18899: 18888: 18785:Conservatives in Scotland 18581:(2005) 976pp broad survey 16330:[1981] EWCA Civ 2 16182:10.1163/1569206X-12341511 15242:10.1038/nature.2016.20434 14367:"Cameron: I'm no neo-con" 11924:. BBC News. 13 May 2010. 11297:"Rebel's rise to the top" 10346:Modern England, 1901–1984 10330:Modern England, 1885–1945 10314:Bogdanor, Vernon (1983). 10254:Modern England, 1885–1945 10104:10.1017/S0018246X00000170 9116:10.1177/03063968231164599 8381:Centre for Policy Studies 8338:Conservative Muslim Forum 7969:DUP confidence and supply 7833: 7650: 7519: 7346: 7071: 6849: 6753: 6611: 6393: 6262: 6045: 5912: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5807:the CCHQ campaigning team 5650:Spanish American royalism 5190:Free-market Conservatives 5057:United Kingdom portal 4970:Sybil, or The Two Nations 3938:cannabis for medical uses 3907:Trident nuclear programme 3481:United Kingdom portal 3251:Traditional Britain Group 3172:Centre for Policy Studies 3097:Democratic Unionist Party 1968:. In a strategy labelled 1896:Withdrawal Agreement Bill 1813:She began the process of 1063:Irish Parliamentary Party 1017:and, under the statesmen 746:liberal economic policies 609: 598: 593: 584: 579: 565: 551: 537: 523: 509: 495: 481: 467: 453: 441: 403: 391: 380: 367: 325: 316:International affiliation 315: 297: 264: 253: 243: 233: 221: 209: 197: 187: 168: 127: 119: 107: 77: 65: 52: 43: 34: 21966:People's Action Movement 21942:Christian People's Party 21864:Liberal Democratic Party 21708:United National Movement 21696:National Coalition Party 21486:Social Democrat Movement 21345:Democrat Union of Africa 21340:Caribbean Democrat Union 21261:do not take their seats. 21123:London Liberal Democrats 20570:List of former alliances 20359:One Nation Conservatives 20269:Conservative Way Forward 20055:Associated organisations 19880:Conservative Party Board 18835:templates for discussion 18657:15 December 2018 at the 18595:29 November 2014 at the 18541:Paterson, David (2001). 18534:9 September 2018 at the 18465:(Hart Publishing, 2012). 18399:Thatcher and Thatcherism 18287:15 December 2018 at the 17960:Thatcher and Thatcherism 17703:"Introducing Cameronism" 16973:. Electoral Commission. 16133:Rail Delivery Group News 15945:Department for Transport 15761:Institute for Government 15228:Cressey, Daniel (2016). 15125:europeanconservative.com 15071:25 February 2018 at the 12932:The Pembrokeshire Herald 12696:House of Commons Library 11473:. London. 12 June 2005. 11270:"Hague: All to play for" 10025:Safire, William (2008). 9982:Webster (1998), "Tory", 9420:. London. Archived from 8260:Blue Collar Conservatism 8240:Conservative Way Forward 8235:One Nation Conservatives 8072: 5787:1990 leadership election 5525:1st Viscount Bolingbroke 5460:Conservative corporatism 5291:Conservative Way Forward 5239:of former party leaders 5237:traditional conservatism 5152:, and local government. 5123:One Nation Conservatives 5116:First Secretary of State 4775:One-nation Conservatives 4757:traditional conservatism 4648:in the 1990s. Since the 4568:An investigation by the 4415:Young Conservatives (UK) 4346:is the party's ultimate 4344:Conservative Party Board 4298:Conservative Association 4132:British Transport Police 3868:Strategic Defence Review 3223:One Nation Conservatives 3032:How to Be a Conservative 2962:The Left Was Never Right 2049:This article is part of 1946:Premiership of Liz Truss 1855:2019–2022: Boris Johnson 1711:2010–2016: David Cameron 1637:2005 leadership election 1486:The introduction of the 1415:1975 leadership election 1277:to modernise the party: 1043:Henry Campbell-Bannerman 895:William Pitt the Younger 893:, that coalesced around 692:one-nation conservatives 682:. The party sits on the 398:Conservative Party Board 347:Irish Conservative Party 114:Richard Fuller (Interim) 22162:Conservative Party (UK) 21474:United Democratic Party 21450:Austrian People's Party 21355:European People's Party 21350:European Democrat Union 21085:Independent Nationalist 21011:Welsh Liberal Democrats 20937:Scottish National Party 20653:Conservatism portal 20581:European People's Party 20548:European Democrat Union 20354:Northern Research Group 20319:European Research Group 20224:Conservative Mainstream 19985:Gibraltar Conservatives 19007:Scottish Unionist Party 18840:Conservative Party (UK) 18797:2 December 2013 at the 18777:3 February 2007 at the 18683:(London, 2013), 307–21. 18488:excerpt and text search 18397:Evans, Eric J. (2004). 18364:excerpt and text search 17956:Evans, Eric J. (2004). 17471:Ranney, Austin (1985). 17432:Bruce, Brendan (1992). 16642:Knight, Julian (2015). 16404:"Election 2010 Results" 16332: (10 December 1981) 16103:Department of Transport 16014:"Active Travel England" 11977:. ITV. 7 January 2013. 10424:6 February 2016 at the 10417:Dutton, D. J. (2004). " 10380:(1994) 37#1 pp. 173–97. 10269:Keohane, Nigel (2010). 8430:European Democrat Group 8411:European Democrat Union 8225:Conservative Mainstream 5411:Traditional Catholicism 5096:One-nation conservatism 5033:Conservatism portal 4901:Lord Randolph Churchill 4794:One-nation conservatism 4741:one-nation conservatism 4691: 4678:European People's Party 4646:European People's Party 4314:parliamentary primaries 4013:Jobs and welfare policy 3900:European Defence Agency 3727:Commonwealth of Nations 3469:Conservatism portal 3261:Western Goals Institute 3195:The Freedom Association 3190:European Research Group 1613:motion of no confidence 1540:privatised British Rail 1430:National Health Service 1333:1965–1975: Edward Heath 1197:Popular dissatisfaction 1150:In 1922, Bonar Law and 1070:Irish Unionist Alliance 922: 433:Gibraltar Conservatives 340:Irish Unionist Alliance 299:Political position 151:; 112 years ago 21828:Bharatiya Janata Party 21660:Social Christian Party 21630:Dominica Freedom Party 21618:Civic Democratic Party 20943:Scottish Conservatives 20284:Conservatives 4 Cities 19975:Scottish Conservatives 19017:National Liberal Party 18992:Liberal Unionist Party 18805:conservative-party.net 18294:Blake, Robert (2011). 17768:. GEES. Archived from 17001:The Construction Index 16168:Historical Materialism 10344:Alfred F. Havighurst, 9039:"Open Council Data UK" 8470:Scottish Conservatives 7963:Conservative minority 6887:Conservative minority 6741:Liberal Unionist Party 6518:Conservative minority 6431:Conservative minority 6209:Conservative minority 6125:Conservative minority 5540:1st Duke of Wellington 5451: 4700:in the colours of the 4684:and supporters of the 4650:2014 European election 4634:Civic Democratic Party 4512:2016 Brexit referendum 4364: 4290: 4245:, a function formerly 4172:Great British Railways 4045:programme and others. 3948:Education and research 3942:safe consumption sites 3913:Health and drug policy 3670: 3587: 3407:English Defence League 3012:The Great Degeneration 2015: 1998:2022–2024: Rishi Sunak 1957: 1872: 1798: 1781:2016–2019: Theresa May 1728: 1514: 1406: 1344: 1237: 1205:, scarcity, controls, 1147: 1015:Liberal Unionist Party 948: 932: 877: 831:voters, especially in 825:real estate developers 727:Liberal Unionist Party 418:Scottish Conservatives 336:(1922–1972; 2009–2012) 179:Liberal Unionist Party 22050:United National Party 21067:Independent Unionists 20626:Ulster Unionist Party 20379:Tory Green Initiative 20294:Conservatives at Work 19012:National Party (1917) 18319:Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor. 17556:. 15 September 2006. 16510:. 18 September 2013. 16075:. 21 September 2020. 15011:. 29 September 2013. 14993:on 19 September 2011. 14987:Politicsresources.net 14009:. 28 September 2008. 13943:hansard.parliament.uk 11219:. BBC – On This Day. 11190:. 29 September 2009. 10559:. Inside Government. 10542:Thorpe, D.R. (2010). 10470:(2013) 48#1 pp. 3–23. 10350:online free to borrow 10236:Modern History Review 9986:(2.0 for PC ed.) 9207:. Abingdon/New York: 9157:. pp. 3–8, 291, 9043:opencouncildata.co.uk 8576:United Kingdom portal 8202:Further information: 7013:Conservative–Liberal– 6395:Marquess of Salisbury 5845:each general election 5837:Further information: 5748:unitary British state 5732:socially conservative 5520:1st Earl of Rochester 5510:1st Earl of Clarendon 5465:Divine right of kings 5303:Social Market Economy 5213:socially conservative 4821:Moderate Conservatism 4658:Danish People's Party 4656:(five MEPs), and the 4618:Ulster Unionist Party 4601:and the South Korean 4563:National Crime Agency 4386:Further information: 4362: 4280: 4254:Human Rights Act 1998 4217:Constitutional policy 4182:European Union policy 4164:Active Travel England 4124:Human Rights Act 1998 4050:national minimum wage 3958:English Baccalaureate 3664: 3585: 3529:social market economy 3525:supply-side economics 3205:Henry Jackson Society 3122:Ulster Unionist Party 3117:UK Independence Party 3052:The Madness of Crowds 2269:Social market economy 2062:in the United Kingdom 2031:1906 general election 2027:2024 general election 2011: 1974:cost of living crisis 1953: 1903:2019 general election 1868: 1829:arrangement with the 1827:confidence and supply 1794: 1771:2015 general election 1724: 1627:2005 general election 1590:2001 general election 1574:1906 general election 1509: 1502:1990–1997: John Major 1473:1979 general election 1419:1979 general election 1402: 1393:Further information: 1383:October 1974 election 1340: 1286:1951 general election 1232: 1225:Modernising the party 1219:1951 general election 1177:1945 general election 1142: 1089:Further information: 1019:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 868: 790:socially conservative 680:2024 general election 354:Ulster Unionist Party 333:Ulster Unionist Party 22222:Centre-right parties 21990:New Democratic Party 21978:United Workers Party 21840:Jamaica Labour Party 21252:Independent Alliance 21111:London Conservatives 21079:People Before Profit 20364:Popular Conservatism 20309:COVID Recovery Group 20100:Conservatives Abroad 20001:London Conservatives 19676:Leadership elections 19002:Irish Unionist Party 18977:Carlton Club meeting 18962:Tariff Reform League 18672:Crowson, N. J., ed. 18563:Reitan, Earl Aaron. 18444:(2011) Bantam Press 18369:16 June 2016 at the 17153:. 23 February 2022. 16239:. 18 November 1998. 16105:. 18 November 2021. 15815:(17 November 2020). 15757:"UK net zero target" 15553:. 23 November 2018. 15491:"Incapacity Benefit" 15096:. 7 September 2020. 14721:. 25 February 2019. 14661:. 29 December 2016. 14541:. 12 December 2019. 13871:Monsters and Critics 13573:. 4 September 2019. 12964:. 8 September 2022. 12636:. 13 December 2019. 12606:. 17 December 2019. 12576:. 3 September 2019. 12546:. 3 September 2019. 12516:. 17 December 2019. 11359:"Tory leader ousted" 10877:. 22 November 1990. 10700:27.4 (2013): 421–44. 10298:10.1093/tcbh/5.2.129 10190:on 20 February 2019. 10063:Ivor Bulmer-Thomas, 10007:on 23 September 2015 9907:. 23 February 2021. 9693:. 17 December 2019. 9540:. 10 December 2019. 9339:. pp. 153–177. 8485:London Conservatives 5159:and his emphasis on 4831:Liberal Conservatism 4727:was unveiled for an 4662:New Flemish Alliance 4508:alleged interference 4464:Electoral Commission 4305:usually held at the 4225:and its traditional 4188:European Communities 4176:Integrated Rail Plan 4058:National Living Wage 3934:economically liberal 3790:Special Relationship 3749:', a term coined by 3747:Special Relationship 3561:The 50% top rate of 3354:The Sunday Telegraph 3334:The Salisbury Review 3134:For Britain Movement 3002:The Rage Against God 2952:The Abolition of Man 2200:Classical liberalism 1749:coalition government 413:London Conservatives 238:Conservatives Abroad 22192:Economic liberalism 21744:New Patriotic Party 20999:Welsh Conservatives 20928:Scottish Parliament 20745:(404, including 43 20484:European Foundation 20369:Renewing One Nation 20314:European Foundation 20229:Conservative Health 20136:The Atlantic Bridge 20105:LGBT+ Conservatives 20095:Young Conservatives 19980:Welsh Conservatives 19814:July–September 2022 19714:Thatcher re-elected 18739:8#2 (1999): 275–87. 18732:5#2 (1994): 246–56. 18710:10.1093/tcbh/hww012 18692:Kowol, Kit (2016). 18622:(2010) HarperPress 18518:Politics in Britain 18507:Mowat, Charles Loch 18475:King, Anthony, ed. 18278:Journal of Politics 18184:. The 'i' newspaper 16622:The Daily Telegraph 16199:(29 October 1971). 15735:The Daily Telegraph 15624:on 11 January 2012. 15278:. 15 October 2018. 15077:The Daily Telegraph 14811:The Daily Telegraph 13925:The Financial Times 13457:. 24 January 2014. 13169:The Washington Post 13140:. 20 October 2022. 11048:. BBC On This Day. 10903:. BBC On This Day. 10813:(13 January 2015). 10252:J. A. R. Marriott, 9844:The Daily Telegraph 9788:. 22 October 2021. 9538:theconversation.com 8590:Conservatism portal 8529:Young Conservatives 8524:LGBT+ Conservatives 8475:Welsh Conservatives 8363:European Foundation 8319:LGBT+ Conservatives 5867: 5446:Cavalier Parliament 5299:Christian Democrats 5045:Politics portal 4836:Economic Liberalism 4826:Muscular Liberalism 4811:Class collaboration 4784:Conservatism series 4769:right-wing populism 4767:, and, since 2016, 4749:social conservatism 4745:Christian democracy 4516:Vote Leave campaign 4428:Conservative Future 4420:Young Conservatives 4409:Young Conservatives 4285:is held during the 4101:offshore wind power 3995:As prime minister, 3954:National Curriculum 3618:centrist politics. 3568:austerity programme 3542:. With the growing 3402:Cambridge Analytica 3314:The Daily Telegraph 2912:Culture and Anarchy 2500:Oakeshott (Michael) 2101:Muscular liberalism 2086:British nationalism 1991:a government crisis 1966:leadership election 1926:Metropolitan Police 1747:—the first postwar 1446:economic liberalism 1413:deposed him in the 1169:National Government 676:Official Opposition 483:Scottish Parliament 443:Parliamentary party 423:Welsh Conservatives 284:Economic liberalism 248:LGBT+ Conservatives 216:Young Conservatives 22217:Right-wing parties 22098:Conservative Party 22026:People Power Party 21930:Conservative Party 21906:Conservative Party 21816:Independence Party 21768:New National Party 21582:Conservative Party 21534:Conservative Party 21400: 21248:Co-operative Party 20604:European Democrats 20146:Common Sense Group 18947:Tamworth Manifesto 18648:Historical Journal 18608:Shannon, Richard. 18601:Shannon, Richard. 18556:Roberts, Andrew. 18525:Historical Journal 18493:3 May 2016 at the 18388:England, 1870–1914 18334:(Pimlico (2003). 18273:(Oxford UP, 2013). 18131:on 30 January 2012 18012:on 31 October 2012 17775:on 16 October 2013 17739:. 7 October 2016. 17125:The New York Times 17098:has generic name ( 17003:. 25 August 2017. 16206:The New York Times 16135:. 4 October 2021. 14780:The New York Times 13704:10.1057/bp.2015.19 13487:. 16 August 2011. 13226:The New York Times 13082:. 3 October 2022. 10777:Stephanie Flanders 10493:Morgan, Kenneth O. 10454:(1997) pp. 260–64. 10378:Historical Journal 10223:on 9 October 2016. 10128:England, 1870–1914 10092:Historical Journal 9725:The New York Times 9510:. 16 August 2021. 9424:on 24 August 2022. 9398:Al Jazeera English 9337:Palgrave Macmillan 9263:10.1111/puar.13177 8209:Ideological groups 5863: 5003:Conservative Party 4984:Industrial Charter 4642:European Democrats 4603:People Power Party 4546:The New York Times 4541:Vladmir Chernukhin 4365: 4291: 4227:Westminster system 4211:multi-speed Europe 4020:Incapacity Benefit 3671: 3588: 3546:within his party, 3329:The Mail on Sunday 3022:The Son Also Rises 2872:Tamworth Manifesto 2783:Oakeshott (Isabel) 2312:Stuart Restoration 2016: 1982:UK government gilt 1958: 1873: 1799: 1760:austerity measures 1729: 1670:austerity measures 1515: 1426:post-war consensus 1407: 1371:national emergency 1345: 1258:David Maxwell Fyfe 1246:post-war consensus 1242:Industrial Charter 1238: 1148: 1106:David Lloyd George 1011:Joseph Chamberlain 999:Reform Act of 1867 979:Tamworth Manifesto 899:Friends of Mr Pitt 878: 796:and commitment to 770:Welsh independence 674:. It has been the 656:Conservative Party 175:Conservative Party 22149: 22148: 22143: 22142: 22139: 22138: 22135: 22134: 22130: 22129: 22122:Project Venezuela 21284: 21283: 21216:Social Democratic 21171:English Democrats 20973:Presiding Officer 20869:Liberal Democrats 20759:Liberal Democrats 20669: 20668: 20639: 20638: 20635: 20634: 20507: 20506: 20439: 20438: 20435: 20434: 20384:Tory Reform Group 20304:Cornerstone Group 20045: 20044: 20041: 20040: 19853: 19852: 19666: 19665: 19662: 19661: 19149: 19029: 19028: 19025: 19024: 18937:Electoral history 18811:Guardian Politics 18632:Taylor, A. J. P. 18628:978-0-00-730884-2 18516:Norton, Bruce F. 18450:978-0-593-06511-2 18386:Ensor, R. C. K. 18361:978-0-230-54238-9 18262:978-0-7456-4858-3 18242:978-0-19-923437-0 18075:on 2 January 2018 18069:Conservatives.com 18045:on 5 October 2016 18039:Conservatives.com 17618:. Fabrik Brands. 17312:. 11 April 2023. 16682:Colomer, Josep M. 16655:978-1-118-97152-9 16389:978-0-7546-2712-8 16376:Thrasher, Michael 16352:on 5 October 2016 15792:Climate Scorecard 15175:. 16 March 2016. 13873:. 14 October 2011 13629:. 5 February 2013 13517:. 21 March 2012. 11845:. 5 November 2023 11532:UK Polling Report 11415:UK Political Info 11103:. 26 April 1993. 11019:. UK Parliament. 10817:. UK Government. 10436:(subscription or 10404:978-0-7475-7985-4 9478:Conservative Home 9354:978-3-030-53636-7 9211:. pp. 1–29. 8729:conservatives.com 8544: 8543: 8455: 8454: 8391: 8390: 8348: 8347: 8280: 8279: 8265:New Conservatives 8245:Cornerstone Group 8220:Tory Reform Group 8198:Associated groups 8070: 8069: 7972: 7873:Liberal Democrats 7521:Margaret Thatcher 7301:Alec Douglas-Home 7073:Winston Churchill 7062:–National Labour 6796:Coalition Liberal 6770:332 elected with 6733:Liberal minority 6691:Liberal minority 6264:Benjamin Disraeli 5795:Michael Heseltine 5744:Church of England 5736:Cornerstone Group 5723: 5722: 5560:Winston Churchill 5364:Counterrevolution 5268:economic liberals 5245:Iain Duncan Smith 5221:civil libertarian 5215:and a practising 5196:economic liberals 5169:Iain Duncan Smith 5138:Tory Reform Group 5093: 5092: 5008:Tory Reform Group 4906:Winston Churchill 4891:Benjamin Disraeli 4795: 4714:Statue of Liberty 4504:Russian oligarchs 4487:In December 2022 4128:Liberal Democrats 4097:green enterprises 4072:brought several ' 3857:Labour Government 3817:Margaret Thatcher 3813:Winston Churchill 3751:Winston Churchill 3552:Maastricht Treaty 3517: 3516: 3440:National Populism 3392:Anglo-Catholicism 3349:The Sun on Sunday 3309:The Daily Sceptic 3246:Tory Reform Group 3200:Free Speech Union 3185:Cornerstone Group 2932:The Servile State 1934:government crisis 1918:COVID-19 pandemic 1801:On 11 July 2016, 1745:Liberal Democrats 1601:Iain Duncan Smith 1496:Michael Heseltine 1411:Margaret Thatcher 1404:Margaret Thatcher 1356:1973–75 recession 1318:Alec Douglas-Home 1271:Winston Churchill 1173:Winston Churchill 1165:National Liberals 1144:Winston Churchill 1038:Winston Churchill 1007:Spencer Cavendish 995:Benjamin Disraeli 967:published in the 719:Benjamin Disraeli 670:, along with the 648: 647: 619:Political parties 326:Irish affiliation 16:(Redirected from 22229: 22120: 22119: 22110:Republican Party 22108: 22107: 22096: 22095: 22084: 22083: 22072: 22071: 22060: 22059: 22048: 22047: 22036: 22035: 22024: 22023: 22012: 22011: 22000: 21999: 21988: 21987: 21976: 21975: 21964: 21963: 21952: 21951: 21940: 21939: 21928: 21927: 21916: 21915: 21904: 21903: 21886: 21885: 21876:Democratic Party 21874: 21873: 21862: 21861: 21850: 21849: 21838: 21837: 21826: 21825: 21814: 21813: 21802: 21801: 21790: 21789: 21778: 21777: 21766: 21765: 21754: 21753: 21742: 21741: 21730: 21729: 21718: 21717: 21706: 21705: 21694: 21693: 21682: 21681: 21670: 21669: 21658: 21657: 21640: 21639: 21628: 21627: 21616: 21615: 21606:Democratic Rally 21604: 21603: 21594:Democratic Union 21592: 21591: 21580: 21579: 21568: 21567: 21558:National Renewal 21556: 21555: 21544: 21543: 21532: 21531: 21520: 21519: 21508: 21507: 21496: 21495: 21484: 21483: 21472: 21471: 21460: 21459: 21448: 21447: 21436: 21435: 21426:Palmavon Webster 21424: 21423: 21414:Democratic Party 21412: 21411: 21397: 21396: 21392: 21391: 21381: 21380: 21311: 21304: 21297: 21288: 21287: 21226:Women's Equality 20734:House of Commons 20709: 20702: 20695: 20686: 20685: 20673: 20672: 20661: 20660: 20659: 20651: 20650: 20649: 20524: 20523: 20513: 20512: 20445: 20444: 20119:Factional groups 20083:Sectional groups 20062: 20061: 20051: 20050: 19870: 19869: 19859: 19858: 19736:Major re-elected 19672: 19671: 19321: 19320:Chairmen (1911–) 19216: 19165: 19150: 19144: 19119: 19118:House of Commons 19052: 19046: 19045: 19035: 19034: 18972:Coalition Coupon 18901: 18900: 18890: 18889: 18882: 18873: 18866: 18859: 18850: 18849: 18765:Conservatives.tv 18761: 18756: 18755: 18753:Official website 18725: 18723: 18721: 18546: 18429: 18419:Green, E. H. H. 18412:Green, E. H. H. 18402: 18378: 18330:Campbell, John. 18299: 18266: 18220: 18219: 18217: 18215: 18200: 18194: 18193: 18191: 18189: 18177: 18171: 18170: 18168: 18166: 18147: 18141: 18140: 18138: 18136: 18121: 18115: 18114: 18112: 18110: 18091: 18085: 18084: 18082: 18080: 18071:. Archived from 18061: 18055: 18054: 18052: 18050: 18041:. Archived from 18031: 18022: 18021: 18019: 18017: 18002: 17996: 17995: 17993: 17991: 17976: 17970: 17969: 17963: 17953: 17947: 17946: 17944: 17942: 17927: 17921: 17920: 17909: 17903: 17900: 17894: 17893: 17885: 17879: 17878: 17876: 17874: 17859: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17848: 17842: 17836:. Archived from 17831: 17822: 17816: 17815: 17813: 17811: 17791: 17785: 17784: 17782: 17780: 17774: 17767: 17759: 17753: 17752: 17750: 17748: 17729: 17723: 17722: 17720: 17718: 17709:. 11 July 2011. 17699: 17693: 17692: 17690: 17688: 17669: 17663: 17662: 17660: 17658: 17638: 17632: 17631: 17629: 17627: 17616:fabrikbrands.com 17607: 17601: 17600: 17598: 17596: 17576: 17570: 17569: 17567: 17565: 17546: 17540: 17539: 17537: 17535: 17507: 17501: 17500: 17498: 17496: 17468: 17462: 17461: 17459: 17457: 17429: 17420: 17419: 17417: 17415: 17395: 17386: 17385: 17383: 17381: 17366: 17360: 17359: 17357: 17355: 17332: 17326: 17325: 17323: 17321: 17310:Good Law Project 17302: 17296: 17295: 17293: 17291: 17269: 17263: 17262: 17260: 17258: 17243: 17237: 17236: 17234: 17232: 17209: 17203: 17202: 17200: 17198: 17176: 17167: 17166: 17164: 17162: 17143: 17137: 17136: 17134: 17132: 17115: 17104: 17103: 17097: 17093: 17091: 17083: 17081: 17079: 17059: 17053: 17052: 17050: 17048: 17023: 17017: 17016: 17014: 17012: 16993: 16987: 16986: 16984: 16982: 16967: 16961: 16960: 16958: 16956: 16947:. 29 July 2014. 16937: 16931: 16930: 16928: 16926: 16904: 16898: 16897: 16895: 16893: 16884:. Archived from 16873: 16867: 16866: 16864: 16862: 16840: 16834: 16833: 16821: 16815: 16814: 16812: 16810: 16788: 16782: 16781: 16779: 16777: 16757: 16751: 16750: 16748: 16746: 16724: 16718: 16717: 16715: 16713: 16678: 16669: 16666: 16660: 16659: 16639: 16633: 16632: 16630: 16628: 16613: 16607: 16606: 16604: 16602: 16587: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16576: 16561: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16550: 16530: 16524: 16523: 16521: 16519: 16500: 16494: 16493: 16485: 16483: 16463: 16457: 16456: 16454: 16452: 16446: 16439: 16430: 16424: 16423: 16421: 16419: 16400: 16394: 16393: 16368: 16362: 16361: 16359: 16357: 16342: 16333: 16323: 16314: 16313: 16311: 16309: 16289: 16283: 16282: 16280: 16278: 16269:. 27 June 2006. 16259: 16253: 16252: 16250: 16248: 16229: 16223: 16222: 16220: 16218: 16193: 16187: 16186: 16184: 16158: 16149: 16148: 16146: 16144: 16125: 16119: 16118: 16116: 16114: 16095: 16089: 16088: 16086: 16084: 16065: 16059: 16058: 16056: 16054: 16040: 16034: 16033: 16031: 16029: 16010: 16004: 16003: 16001: 15999: 15985: 15979: 15978: 15976: 15974: 15955: 15949: 15948: 15942: 15934: 15928: 15927: 15925: 15923: 15903: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15892: 15869: 15863: 15862: 15860: 15858: 15851:Zemo Partnership 15843: 15837: 15836: 15834: 15832: 15809: 15803: 15802: 15800: 15798: 15783: 15777: 15776: 15774: 15772: 15752: 15743: 15742: 15732: 15724: 15718: 15717: 15715: 15713: 15702:www.ageuk.org.uk 15694: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15683: 15664: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15653: 15632: 15626: 15625: 15610: 15604: 15603: 15601: 15599: 15576: 15567: 15566: 15564: 15562: 15543: 15537: 15536: 15534: 15532: 15517: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15506: 15487: 15481: 15480: 15478: 15476: 15457: 15451: 15450: 15448: 15446: 15427: 15421: 15420: 15418: 15416: 15396: 15390: 15389: 15387: 15385: 15366: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15355: 15333: 15327: 15326: 15324: 15322: 15303: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15272: 15266: 15265: 15263: 15261: 15225: 15219: 15218: 15216: 15214: 15203:RoyalSociety.org 15195: 15189: 15188: 15186: 15184: 15165: 15159: 15158: 15147: 15141: 15140: 15138: 15136: 15116: 15110: 15109: 15107: 15105: 15086: 15080: 15062: 15056: 15055: 15053: 15051: 15031: 15025: 15024: 15022: 15020: 15001: 14995: 14994: 14979: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14968: 14959:. Archived from 14952: 14943: 14942: 14940: 14938: 14923: 14917: 14916: 14914: 14912: 14893: 14887: 14886: 14884: 14882: 14867: 14861: 14860: 14858: 14856: 14833: 14827: 14826: 14824: 14822: 14802: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14791: 14771: 14765: 14764: 14762: 14760: 14741: 14735: 14734: 14732: 14730: 14711: 14705: 14704: 14702: 14700: 14681: 14675: 14674: 14672: 14670: 14651: 14645: 14644: 14642: 14640: 14621: 14615: 14614: 14612: 14610: 14591: 14585: 14584: 14582: 14580: 14561: 14555: 14554: 14552: 14550: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14499: 14493: 14492: 14490: 14488: 14471:(29 June 2016). 14465: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14454: 14432: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14421: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14382: 14362: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14351: 14329: 14323: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14298: 14289: 14288: 14286: 14284: 14270: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14239: 14233: 14232: 14230: 14228: 14213: 14207: 14206: 14204: 14202: 14193:. 13 July 2020. 14183: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14172: 14153: 14147: 14146: 14144: 14142: 14122: 14116: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14091: 14085: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14060: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14049: 14029: 14023: 14022: 14020: 14018: 13999: 13990: 13989: 13987: 13985: 13965: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13935: 13929: 13928: 13920: 13914: 13913: 13911: 13909: 13889: 13883: 13882: 13880: 13878: 13863: 13857: 13856: 13854: 13852: 13832: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13821: 13806: 13800: 13797: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13771: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13745: 13739: 13738: 13736: 13734: 13728: 13692:British Politics 13689: 13680: 13674: 13673: 13662:10.4000/osb.1594 13645: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13634: 13619: 13613: 13612: 13610: 13608: 13593: 13587: 13586: 13584: 13582: 13563: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13552: 13537: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13507: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13477: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13466: 13447: 13441: 13438: 13432: 13431: 13429: 13427: 13408: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13381: 13375: 13374: 13372: 13370: 13342: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13331: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13292:. 10 June 2024. 13286: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13275: 13256: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13160: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13149: 13130: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13116: 13102: 13096: 13095: 13093: 13091: 13072: 13066: 13065: 13063: 13061: 13046: 13040: 13039: 13037: 13035: 13015: 13009: 13008: 13006: 13004: 12984: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12973: 12954: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12914: 12912: 12901:6 September 2022 12893: 12887: 12886: 12884: 12882: 12867: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12856: 12836: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12805: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12794: 12774: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12744: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12718: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12687: 12681: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12656: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12645: 12626: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12615: 12596: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12566: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12536: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12506: 12500: 12499: 12497: 12495: 12486:. 23 July 2019. 12476: 12470: 12469: 12467: 12465: 12446: 12440: 12439: 12437: 12435: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12382: 12362: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12351: 12336: 12330: 12329: 12327: 12325: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12266: 12244: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12233: 12218: 12212: 12211: 12209: 12207: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12180: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12138: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12090: 12075: 12069: 12068: 12066: 12064: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12038: 12023: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12012: 11997: 11991: 11990: 11988: 11986: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11960: 11944: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11918: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11907: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11876: 11861: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11850: 11835: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11824: 11804: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11787:Evening Standard 11778: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11747: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11717: 11711: 11710: 11708: 11706: 11691: 11685: 11684: 11682: 11680: 11665: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11654: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11603: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11543: 11524: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11513: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11463: 11457: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11437: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11426: 11407: 11401: 11400: 11398: 11396: 11381: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11355: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11338: 11327: 11319: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11292: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11281: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11254: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11230: 11228: 11213: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11180: 11171: 11168: 11162: 11161: 11155: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11093: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11082: 11071: 11062: 11061: 11059: 11057: 11042: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11031: 11025: 11018: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10984: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10973: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10933:. 5 April 2005. 10923: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10912: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10856: 10847:. 5 April 2005. 10837: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10807: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10753:. 5 April 2005. 10743: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10723: 10707: 10701: 10694: 10688: 10681: 10675: 10669: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10649:. 5 April 2005. 10639: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10619:. 5 April 2005. 10609: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10589:. 27 July 1996. 10579: 10573: 10572: 10570: 10568: 10553: 10547: 10540: 10534: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10489: 10483: 10477: 10471: 10461: 10455: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10387: 10381: 10374: 10368: 10361: 10352: 10342: 10336: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10311: 10302: 10301: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10266: 10260: 10250: 10244: 10243: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10216:. Archived from 10214:Bodleian Library 10211: 10198: 10192: 10191: 10186:. Archived from 10175: 10169: 10168: 10156: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10135:on 8 April 2019. 10125:Ensor, R. C. K. 10122: 10116: 10115: 10087: 10081: 10076:David Paterson, 10074: 10068: 10067:(1965) pp. 66–81 10061: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10022: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10003:, archived from 9994: 9988: 9987: 9979: 9973: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9935: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9905:The New Republic 9897: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9866: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9778: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9683: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9650: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9630:. 30 July 2021. 9620: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9590: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9469: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9438: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9374: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9242: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9197: 9191: 9190: 9184: 9182: 9141: 9132: 9131: 9118: 9106:Race & Class 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9076:. Archived from 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9035: 9029: 9018: 9012: 9011: 8991: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8962: 8953: 8952: 8930: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8894: 8888: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8782:PoliticsHome.com 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8756:Evening Standard 8747: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8721: 8706: 8699: 8693: 8686: 8680: 8673: 8667: 8656: 8650: 8643: 8592: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8564: 8559: 8558: 8464: 8459:Party structures 8400: 8357: 8289: 8214: 8191: 8188: 8182: 8179: 8173: 8170: 8164: 8161: 8155: 8152: 8146: 8143: 8137: 8134: 8128: 8125: 8119: 8116: 8110: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8086: 8083: 8062: 8061: 8051: 8050: 8043: 8015: 8014: 8004: 8003: 7996: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7948: 7947: 7940: 7912: 7911: 7901: 7900: 7893: 7867: 7866: 7856: 7855: 7848: 7820: 7819: 7809: 7808: 7801: 7773: 7772: 7762: 7761: 7754: 7726: 7725: 7715: 7714: 7707: 7684: 7683: 7673: 7672: 7665: 7637: 7636: 7626: 7625: 7618: 7595: 7594: 7584: 7583: 7576: 7553: 7552: 7542: 7541: 7534: 7506: 7505: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7468:Labour minority 7464: 7463: 7453: 7452: 7445: 7422: 7421: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7380: 7379: 7369: 7368: 7361: 7333: 7332: 7322: 7321: 7314: 7286: 7285: 7275: 7274: 7267: 7254:Harold Macmillan 7239: 7238: 7228: 7227: 7220: 7195:National Liberal 7189: 7188: 7178: 7177: 7170: 7147: 7146: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7105: 7104: 7094: 7093: 7086: 7060:Liberal National 7054: 7053: 7043: 7042: 7035: 7009: 7008: 6998: 6997: 6990: 6971:Labour minority 6967: 6966: 6956: 6955: 6948: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6913: 6906: 6883: 6882: 6872: 6871: 6864: 6836: 6835: 6825: 6824: 6817: 6791: 6790: 6780: 6779: 6768: 6729: 6728: 6718: 6717: 6710: 6687: 6686: 6676: 6675: 6668: 6645: 6644: 6634: 6633: 6626: 6598: 6597: 6587: 6586: 6579: 6556: 6555: 6545: 6544: 6537: 6514: 6513: 6503: 6502: 6495: 6475:Liberal Unionist 6469: 6468: 6458: 6457: 6450: 6427: 6426: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6380: 6379: 6369: 6368: 6361: 6338: 6337: 6327: 6326: 6319: 6296: 6295: 6285: 6284: 6277: 6247: 6246: 6236: 6235: 6228: 6205: 6204: 6194: 6193: 6186: 6163: 6162: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6121: 6120: 6110: 6109: 6102: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6067: 6060: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6020: 6013: 5990: 5989: 5979: 5978: 5971: 5946: 5945: 5935: 5934: 5927: 5868: 5862: 5760:Andrew Rosindell 5715: 5708: 5701: 5584: 5555:G. K. Chesterton 5535:3rd Earl of Bute 5515:Roger L'Estrange 5499: 5456: 5435: 5348: 5339: 5328: 5312: 5311: 5225:Michael Portillo 5108:Harold Macmillan 5085: 5078: 5071: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5043: 5042: 5031: 5030: 5029: 4916:Harold Macmillan 4796: 4793: 4779: 4778: 4674:EU member states 4591:Republican Party 4570:Good Law Project 4450:holds meetings. 4156:active transport 4111:by 78% by 2035. 4109:carbon emissions 4054:July 2015 budget 4028:Universal Credit 3956:, introduce the 3926:drug prohibition 3636:, together with 3634:mass immigration 3627:multiculturalism 3509: 3502: 3495: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3445: 3359:The Sunday Times 3319:Evening Standard 3282:ConservativeHome 3265: 3256:Turning Point UK 3242: 3214: 3181: 3057: 3047: 3037: 3027: 3017: 3007: 2997: 2987: 2977: 2967: 2957: 2947: 2937: 2927: 2917: 2907: 2897: 2887: 2877: 2867: 2857: 2460:Johnson (Samuel) 2264:Social hierarchy 2244:Moral absolutism 2195:British unionism 2073: 2063: 2046: 2045: 1888:House of Commons 1819:general election 1488:Community Charge 1314:Harold Macmillan 1234:Harold Macmillan 1156:Ramsay MacDonald 1135:Interwar Britain 970:Quarterly Review 965:J. Wilson Croker 951: 935: 925: 910:English politics 758:British unionist 662:, is one of the 641: 605: 602: 589: 574: 560: 546: 532: 518: 504: 490: 476: 462: 455:House of Commons 373: 311: 289:British unionism 257: 188:Preceded by 159: 157: 152: 144: 142: 137: 48: 32: 31: 21: 22237: 22236: 22232: 22231: 22230: 22228: 22227: 22226: 22152: 22151: 22150: 22145: 22144: 22131: 22126: 22114: 22102: 22090: 22078: 22066: 22054: 22042: 22030: 22018: 22006: 21994: 21982: 21970: 21958: 21946: 21934: 21922: 21910: 21898: 21892: 21880: 21868: 21856: 21844: 21832: 21820: 21808: 21796: 21784: 21772: 21760: 21748: 21736: 21724: 21712: 21700: 21688: 21676: 21664: 21652: 21646: 21634: 21622: 21610: 21598: 21586: 21574: 21562: 21550: 21538: 21526: 21514: 21502: 21490: 21478: 21466: 21454: 21442: 21430: 21418: 21406: 21386: 21375: 21374: 21320: 21315: 21285: 21280: 21262: 21255:technical group 21240: 21134: 21096:London Assembly 21090: 21055:Ulster Unionist 21022: 20978: 20955:Scottish Greens 20949:Scottish Labour 20922: 20917:Lords Spiritual 20887:Green (E&W) 20836: 20789:Green (E&W) 20728: 20718: 20713: 20678: 20670: 20665: 20657: 20655: 20647: 20645: 20631: 20618: 20612: 20606: 20600: 20594: 20588: 20577: 20571: 20559: 20551: 20540: 20534: 20518: 20517:Party alliances 20503: 20494:Policy Exchange 20450: 20431: 20398: 20349:No Turning Back 20114: 20078: 20056: 20037: 20021: 20005: 19989: 19958: 19942: 19919: 19903: 19864: 19863:Party structure 19849: 19677: 19658: 19620: 19319: 19313: 19215:Leaders (1922–) 19214: 19208: 19153: 19143: 19121: 19117: 19111: 19054: 19050: 19040: 19021: 18957:Primrose League 18915: 18895: 18884: 18880: 18877: 18838: 18799:Wayback Machine 18779:Wayback Machine 18751: 18750: 18747: 18742: 18719: 18717: 18668: 18663: 18659:Wayback Machine 18597:Wayback Machine 18549:Powell, David. 18536:Wayback Machine 18520:(2007) textbook 18495:Wayback Machine 18482:Lawrence, Jon. 18427: 18376: 18371:Wayback Machine 18309:Blake, Robert. 18289:Wayback Machine 18263: 18228: 18226:Further reading 18223: 18213: 18211: 18202: 18201: 18197: 18187: 18185: 18178: 18174: 18164: 18162: 18149: 18148: 18144: 18134: 18132: 18123: 18122: 18118: 18108: 18106: 18093: 18092: 18088: 18078: 18076: 18063: 18062: 18058: 18048: 18046: 18033: 18032: 18025: 18015: 18013: 18004: 18003: 17999: 17989: 17987: 17978: 17977: 17973: 17954: 17950: 17940: 17938: 17937:on 20 June 2013 17929: 17928: 17924: 17910: 17906: 17901: 17897: 17886: 17882: 17872: 17870: 17860: 17856: 17846: 17844: 17840: 17829: 17823: 17819: 17809: 17807: 17792: 17788: 17778: 17776: 17772: 17765: 17761: 17760: 17756: 17746: 17744: 17737:Financial Times 17731: 17730: 17726: 17716: 17714: 17701: 17700: 17696: 17686: 17684: 17671: 17670: 17666: 17656: 17654: 17639: 17635: 17625: 17623: 17608: 17604: 17594: 17592: 17577: 17573: 17563: 17561: 17548: 17547: 17543: 17533: 17531: 17524: 17508: 17504: 17494: 17492: 17485: 17469: 17465: 17455: 17453: 17446: 17430: 17423: 17413: 17411: 17396: 17389: 17379: 17377: 17367: 17363: 17353: 17351: 17333: 17329: 17319: 17317: 17304: 17303: 17299: 17289: 17287: 17270: 17266: 17256: 17254: 17244: 17240: 17230: 17228: 17210: 17206: 17196: 17194: 17177: 17170: 17160: 17158: 17145: 17144: 17140: 17130: 17128: 17116: 17107: 17095: 17094: 17085: 17084: 17077: 17075: 17060: 17056: 17046: 17044: 17027:Gabriel Pogrund 17024: 17020: 17010: 17008: 16995: 16994: 16990: 16980: 16978: 16969: 16968: 16964: 16954: 16952: 16939: 16938: 16934: 16924: 16922: 16905: 16901: 16891: 16889: 16888:on 12 July 2013 16874: 16870: 16860: 16858: 16841: 16837: 16822: 16818: 16808: 16806: 16789: 16785: 16775: 16773: 16758: 16754: 16744: 16742: 16725: 16721: 16711: 16709: 16702: 16679: 16672: 16667: 16663: 16656: 16640: 16636: 16626: 16624: 16614: 16610: 16600: 16598: 16588: 16584: 16574: 16572: 16562: 16558: 16548: 16546: 16531: 16527: 16517: 16515: 16502: 16501: 16497: 16489:Tim Montgomerie 16481: 16479: 16464: 16460: 16450: 16448: 16444: 16437: 16431: 16427: 16417: 16415: 16402: 16401: 16397: 16390: 16372:Rallings, Colin 16369: 16365: 16355: 16353: 16344: 16343: 16336: 16324: 16317: 16307: 16305: 16290: 16286: 16276: 16274: 16261: 16260: 16256: 16246: 16244: 16231: 16230: 16226: 16216: 16214: 16194: 16190: 16159: 16152: 16142: 16140: 16127: 16126: 16122: 16112: 16110: 16097: 16096: 16092: 16082: 16080: 16067: 16066: 16062: 16052: 16050: 16048:www.ciht.org.uk 16042: 16041: 16037: 16027: 16025: 16020:. 1 June 2023. 16012: 16011: 16007: 15997: 15995: 15987: 15986: 15982: 15972: 15970: 15957: 15956: 15952: 15940: 15936: 15935: 15931: 15921: 15919: 15904: 15900: 15890: 15888: 15870: 15866: 15856: 15854: 15853:. 23 April 2021 15845: 15844: 15840: 15830: 15828: 15810: 15806: 15796: 15794: 15784: 15780: 15770: 15768: 15753: 15746: 15725: 15721: 15711: 15709: 15696: 15695: 15691: 15681: 15679: 15666: 15665: 15661: 15651: 15649: 15644:. 8 July 2015. 15634: 15633: 15629: 15612: 15611: 15607: 15597: 15595: 15577: 15570: 15560: 15558: 15545: 15544: 15540: 15530: 15528: 15519: 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14666: 14659:The Independent 14653: 14652: 14648: 14638: 14636: 14623: 14622: 14618: 14608: 14606: 14593: 14592: 14588: 14578: 14576: 14563: 14562: 14558: 14548: 14546: 14533: 14532: 14528: 14518: 14516: 14501: 14500: 14496: 14486: 14484: 14469:Greenslade, Roy 14466: 14462: 14452: 14450: 14433: 14429: 14419: 14417: 14394: 14390: 14380: 14378: 14363: 14359: 14349: 14347: 14330: 14326: 14316: 14314: 14299: 14292: 14282: 14280: 14278:Financial Times 14272: 14271: 14267: 14257: 14255: 14240: 14236: 14226: 14224: 14214: 14210: 14200: 14198: 14185: 14184: 14180: 14170: 14168: 14155: 14154: 14150: 14140: 14138: 14123: 14119: 14109: 14107: 14100:The Independent 14092: 14088: 14078: 14076: 14061: 14057: 14047: 14045: 14030: 14026: 14016: 14014: 14001: 14000: 13993: 13983: 13981: 13966: 13962: 13952: 13950: 13937: 13936: 13932: 13921: 13917: 13907: 13905: 13890: 13886: 13876: 13874: 13865: 13864: 13860: 13850: 13848: 13833: 13829: 13819: 13817: 13808: 13807: 13803: 13798: 13794: 13784: 13782: 13772: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13754:The Independent 13746: 13742: 13732: 13730: 13726: 13687: 13681: 13677: 13646: 13642: 13632: 13630: 13621: 13620: 13616: 13606: 13604: 13594: 13590: 13580: 13578: 13565: 13564: 13560: 13550: 13548: 13547:. 11 March 2021 13539: 13538: 13534: 13524: 13522: 13509: 13508: 13504: 13494: 13492: 13479: 13478: 13474: 13464: 13462: 13455:Financial Times 13449: 13448: 13444: 13439: 13435: 13425: 13423: 13416:Financial Times 13410: 13409: 13405: 13395: 13393: 13382: 13378: 13368: 13366: 13343: 13339: 13329: 13327: 13314: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13297: 13288: 13287: 13283: 13273: 13271: 13258: 13257: 13253: 13243: 13241: 13218: 13214: 13204: 13202: 13195:The Independent 13187: 13183: 13173: 13171: 13161: 13157: 13147: 13145: 13132: 13131: 13124: 13114: 13112: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13089: 13087: 13074: 13073: 13069: 13059: 13057: 13047: 13043: 13033: 13031: 13016: 13012: 13002: 13000: 12985: 12981: 12971: 12969: 12956: 12955: 12951: 12941: 12939: 12924: 12920: 12910: 12908: 12895: 12894: 12890: 12880: 12878: 12869: 12868: 12864: 12854: 12852: 12837: 12833: 12823: 12821: 12806: 12802: 12792: 12790: 12775: 12771: 12761: 12759: 12754:. 19 May 2022. 12746: 12745: 12741: 12731: 12729: 12719: 12715: 12705: 12703: 12688: 12684: 12674: 12672: 12657: 12653: 12643: 12641: 12628: 12627: 12623: 12613: 12611: 12598: 12597: 12593: 12583: 12581: 12568: 12567: 12563: 12553: 12551: 12538: 12537: 12533: 12523: 12521: 12508: 12507: 12503: 12493: 12491: 12478: 12477: 12473: 12463: 12461: 12456:. 24 May 2019. 12448: 12447: 12443: 12433: 12431: 12422: 12421: 12417: 12407: 12405: 12394: 12390: 12380: 12378: 12371:The Independent 12363: 12359: 12349: 12347: 12338: 12337: 12333: 12323: 12321: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12297: 12295: 12278: 12274: 12264: 12262: 12245: 12241: 12231: 12229: 12220: 12219: 12215: 12205: 12203: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12167: 12166: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12139: 12135: 12125: 12123: 12111:Financial Times 12102: 12098: 12088: 12086: 12077: 12076: 12072: 12062: 12060: 12051: 12050: 12046: 12036: 12034: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12010: 12008: 11999: 11998: 11994: 11984: 11982: 11973: 11972: 11968: 11958: 11956: 11945: 11941: 11931: 11929: 11920: 11919: 11915: 11905: 11903: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11862: 11858: 11848: 11846: 11837: 11836: 11832: 11822: 11820: 11805: 11801: 11791: 11789: 11779: 11775: 11765: 11763: 11748: 11744: 11734: 11732: 11727:. 4 July 2022. 11719: 11718: 11714: 11704: 11702: 11692: 11688: 11678: 11676: 11666: 11662: 11652: 11650: 11643:The Independent 11635: 11631: 11621: 11619: 11604: 11600: 11590: 11588: 11581:The Independent 11573: 11569: 11556: 11555: 11551: 11541: 11539: 11526: 11525: 11521: 11511: 11509: 11494: 11490: 11480: 11478: 11465: 11464: 11460: 11450: 11448: 11438: 11434: 11424: 11422: 11409: 11408: 11404: 11394: 11392: 11382: 11378: 11368: 11366: 11357: 11356: 11352: 11342: 11340: 11336: 11325: 11321: 11320: 11316: 11306: 11304: 11293: 11289: 11279: 11277: 11266: 11262: 11252: 11250: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11226: 11224: 11215: 11214: 11207: 11197: 11195: 11182: 11181: 11174: 11169: 11165: 11149: 11148: 11141: 11139: 11132:slideplayer.com 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11095: 11094: 11090: 11080: 11078: 11077:. 22 April 1993 11073: 11072: 11065: 11055: 11053: 11044: 11043: 11039: 11029: 11027: 11023: 11016: 11012: 11011: 11007: 10997: 10995: 10986: 10985: 10981: 10971: 10969: 10962:The Independent 10954: 10950: 10940: 10938: 10925: 10924: 10920: 10910: 10908: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10884: 10882: 10869: 10868: 10864: 10854: 10852: 10839: 10838: 10834: 10824: 10822: 10808: 10804: 10794: 10792: 10774: 10770: 10760: 10758: 10745: 10744: 10737: 10727: 10725: 10721: 10709: 10708: 10704: 10695: 10691: 10682: 10678: 10670: 10666: 10656: 10654: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10611: 10610: 10606: 10596: 10594: 10581: 10580: 10576: 10566: 10564: 10555: 10554: 10550: 10541: 10537: 10532: 10528: 10518: 10516: 10509: 10490: 10486: 10478: 10474: 10462: 10458: 10450:Blake, Robert. 10449: 10445: 10435: 10426:Wayback Machine 10416: 10412: 10405: 10391:Kynaston, David 10388: 10384: 10375: 10371: 10362: 10355: 10348:(2nd ed. 1987) 10343: 10339: 10327: 10323: 10312: 10305: 10282: 10278: 10267: 10263: 10251: 10247: 10232: 10228: 10220: 10209: 10199: 10195: 10176: 10172: 10165: 10144: 10140: 10123: 10119: 10088: 10084: 10075: 10071: 10062: 10058: 10048: 10046: 10039: 10023: 10019: 10010: 10008: 9996: 9995: 9991: 9980: 9976: 9967: 9963: 9953: 9951: 9944:The Independent 9936: 9932: 9922: 9920: 9899: 9898: 9894: 9884: 9882: 9867: 9863: 9853: 9851: 9836: 9832: 9822: 9820: 9809: 9805: 9795: 9793: 9786:The Independent 9780: 9779: 9775: 9765: 9763: 9748: 9744: 9734: 9732: 9717: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9691:The Independent 9685: 9684: 9677: 9667: 9665: 9660:. 25 May 2022. 9652: 9651: 9647: 9637: 9635: 9628:The Independent 9622: 9621: 9617: 9607: 9605: 9592: 9591: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9570:. 12 May 2021. 9562: 9561: 9557: 9547: 9545: 9532: 9531: 9527: 9517: 9515: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9487: 9485: 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Hayek 5192: 5104:Stanley Baldwin 5089: 5051: 5049: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5018: 5017: 4998: 4990: 4989: 4964: 4956: 4955: 4911:Stanley Baldwin 4886: 4878: 4877: 4842:Noblesse oblige 4806: 4792: 4777: 4761:neoconservatism 4737: 4706:market research 4694: 4638:Law and Justice 4636:and the Polish 4583: 4500: 4456: 4440: 4417: 4411: 4390: 4384: 4373:Tim Montgomerie 4357: 4348:decision-making 4275: 4273:Party structure 4270: 4219: 4184: 4152:high-speed rail 4148: 4117: 4067: 4015: 3993: 3950: 3915: 3845: 3772:, London Mayor 3766:neoconservative 3735:entrepreneurial 3731:Free Trade Area 3659: 3580: 3513: 3475: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3387: 3379: 3378: 3277: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3240: 3238:Right Book Club 3233:Policy Exchange 3212: 3179: 3157: 3149: 3148: 3082:Christian Party 3069: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3045: 3035: 3025: 3015: 3005: 2995: 2985: 2975: 2972:Rivers of Blood 2965: 2955: 2945: 2935: 2925: 2915: 2905: 2895: 2885: 2875: 2865: 2855: 2846: 2838: 2837: 2713: 2705: 2704: 2563: 2555: 2554: 2360: 2352: 2351: 2332:Oxford Movement 2297: 2289: 2288: 2249:Ordered liberty 2221:Noblesse oblige 2190: 2182: 2181: 2081: 2061: 2059: 2044: 2042:Economic policy 2039: 2006: 2000: 1986:Bank of England 1948: 1942: 1940:2022: Liz Truss 1863: 1857: 1823:hung parliament 1789: 1783: 1733:hung parliament 1719: 1713: 1661: 1653:Ken Livingstone 1582: 1535:Black Wednesday 1504: 1442:Milton Friedman 1438:Friedrich Hayek 1397: 1391: 1335: 1227: 1199: 1194: 1188: 1161:National Labour 1152:Stanley Baldwin 1137: 1131: 1093: 1087: 1085:First World War 1074:Irish Home Rule 1003:1884 Reform Act 987: 883: 863: 857: 817:business owners 756:. The party is 725:. In 1912, the 704:prime ministers 654:, commonly the 644: 629: 628: 599: 580:Election symbol 575: 572: 561: 558: 547: 544: 533: 530: 525:London Assembly 519: 516: 511:Regional mayors 505: 502: 491: 488: 477: 474: 463: 460: 437: 371: 363: 349: 342: 335: 303: 293: 255: 204: 183: 164: 160: 155: 153: 150: 149:9 May 1912 146:(original form) 145: 140: 138: 135: 120:Chief Executive 103: 39: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 22235: 22225: 22224: 22219: 22214: 22209: 22204: 22199: 22194: 22189: 22184: 22179: 22174: 22169: 22164: 22147: 22146: 22141: 22140: 22137: 22136: 22133: 22132: 22128: 22127: 22125: 22124: 22112: 22100: 22088: 22076: 22074:Moderate Party 22064: 22052: 22040: 22038:People's Party 22028: 22016: 22004: 21992: 21980: 21968: 21956: 21944: 21932: 21920: 21908: 21895: 21893: 21891: 21890: 21888:National Party 21878: 21866: 21854: 21842: 21830: 21818: 21806: 21794: 21792:National Party 21782: 21780:Unionist Party 21770: 21758: 21746: 21734: 21722: 21710: 21698: 21686: 21674: 21662: 21649: 21647: 21645: 21644: 21632: 21620: 21608: 21596: 21584: 21572: 21560: 21548: 21536: 21524: 21512: 21500: 21488: 21476: 21464: 21452: 21440: 21428: 21416: 21403: 21401: 21395: 21388: 21387: 21385:Member parties 21377: 21376: 21373: 21372: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21352: 21347: 21342: 21337: 21332: 21326: 21325: 21322: 21321: 21314: 21313: 21306: 21299: 21291: 21282: 21281: 21279: 21278: 21273: 21267: 21264: 21263: 21259:abstentionists 21245: 21242: 21241: 21239: 21238: 21233: 21228: 21223: 21218: 21213: 21208: 21203: 21198: 21193: 21188: 21183: 21181:Heritage Party 21178: 21173: 21168: 21163: 21158: 21153: 21151:Animal Welfare 21148: 21142: 21140: 21136: 21135: 21133: 21132: 21126: 21120: 21114: 21108: 21101: 21099: 21092: 21091: 21089: 21088: 21082: 21076: 21070: 21064: 21058: 21052: 21046: 21040: 21033: 21031: 21024: 21023: 21021: 21020: 21014: 21008: 21002: 20996: 20989: 20987: 20980: 20979: 20977: 20976: 20970: 20964: 20958: 20952: 20946: 20940: 20933: 20931: 20924: 20923: 20921: 20920: 20914: 20908: 20905:Non-affiliated 20902: 20896: 20890: 20884: 20878: 20872: 20866: 20860: 20854: 20847: 20845: 20842:House of Lords 20838: 20837: 20835: 20834: 20828: 20822: 20816: 20810: 20804: 20798: 20792: 20786: 20780: 20774: 20768: 20762: 20756: 20750: 20739: 20737: 20730: 20729: 20723: 20720: 20719: 20712: 20711: 20704: 20697: 20689: 20683: 20680: 20679: 20667: 20666: 20644: 20641: 20640: 20637: 20636: 20633: 20632: 20630: 20629: 20619: 20613: 20607: 20601: 20595: 20589: 20578: 20572: 20567: 20565: 20561: 20560: 20558: 20557: 20552: 20541: 20535: 20530: 20528: 20520: 20519: 20509: 20508: 20505: 20504: 20502: 20501: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20461: 20455: 20452: 20451: 20441: 20440: 20437: 20436: 20433: 20432: 20430: 20429: 20424: 20423: 20422: 20417: 20406: 20404: 20400: 20399: 20397: 20396: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20376: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20341: 20336: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20296: 20291: 20286: 20281: 20276: 20271: 20266: 20261: 20256: 20251: 20246: 20241: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20216: 20211: 20206: 20201: 20196: 20191: 20188: 20183: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20122: 20120: 20116: 20115: 20113: 20112: 20107: 20102: 20097: 20092: 20086: 20084: 20080: 20079: 20077: 20076: 20068: 20066: 20058: 20057: 20047: 20046: 20043: 20042: 20039: 20038: 20036: 20035: 20029: 20027: 20023: 20022: 20020: 20019: 20013: 20011: 20007: 20006: 20004: 20003: 19997: 19995: 19991: 19990: 19988: 19987: 19982: 19977: 19972: 19966: 19964: 19960: 19959: 19957: 19956: 19950: 19948: 19944: 19943: 19941: 19940: 19939: 19938: 19931:1922 Committee 19927: 19925: 19921: 19920: 19918: 19917: 19911: 19909: 19905: 19904: 19902: 19901: 19896: 19895: 19894: 19893: 19892: 19876: 19874: 19866: 19865: 19855: 19854: 19851: 19850: 19848: 19847: 19846: 19845: 19835: 19834: 19833: 19823: 19822: 19821: 19811: 19810: 19809: 19799: 19798: 19797: 19787: 19786: 19785: 19775: 19774: 19773: 19763: 19762: 19761: 19751: 19750: 19749: 19739: 19738: 19737: 19729: 19728: 19727: 19717: 19716: 19715: 19707: 19706: 19705: 19695: 19694: 19693: 19682: 19679: 19678: 19668: 19667: 19664: 19663: 19660: 19659: 19657: 19656: 19655: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19628: 19626: 19622: 19621: 19619: 19618: 19613: 19608: 19603: 19598: 19593: 19584: 19575: 19566: 19557: 19552: 19547: 19542: 19533: 19524: 19519: 19514: 19509: 19500: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19376: 19371: 19366: 19361: 19356: 19351: 19349:N. Chamberlain 19346: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19329:Steel-Maitland 19325: 19323: 19315: 19314: 19312: 19311: 19306: 19301: 19296: 19291: 19286: 19281: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19234:N. Chamberlain 19231: 19226: 19220: 19218: 19210: 19209: 19207: 19206: 19204:A. Chamberlain 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19181: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19151: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19125: 19123: 19113: 19112: 19110: 19109: 19104: 19099: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19058: 19056: 19051:House of Lords 19042: 19041: 19031: 19030: 19027: 19026: 19023: 19022: 19020: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18984: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18923: 18921: 18917: 18916: 18914: 18913: 18907: 18905: 18897: 18896: 18886: 18885: 18876: 18875: 18868: 18861: 18853: 18847: 18846: 18820: 18814: 18808: 18802: 18788: 18782: 18768: 18762: 18746: 18745:External links 18743: 18741: 18740: 18733: 18726: 18704:(2): 290–304. 18684: 18677: 18669: 18667: 18666:Historiography 18664: 18662: 18661: 18644: 18637: 18630: 18616:Snowdon, Peter 18613: 18606: 18599: 18582: 18577:Searle, G. R. 18575: 18561: 18554: 18547: 18538: 18521: 18514: 18513:(1955) 694 pp; 18504: 18497: 18480: 18473: 18466: 18459: 18452: 18438:Harris, Robert 18435: 18424: 18417: 18410: 18403: 18394: 18384: 18373: 18349: 18342: 18328: 18317: 18307: 18300: 18291: 18274: 18269:Ball, Stuart. 18267: 18261: 18245: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18221: 18195: 18172: 18142: 18116: 18086: 18056: 18023: 17997: 17986:on 4 June 2011 17971: 17948: 17922: 17919:. p. 145. 17904: 17895: 17880: 17854: 17817: 17786: 17763:"Document 783" 17754: 17724: 17694: 17664: 17633: 17602: 17571: 17541: 17522: 17502: 17484:978-0822306191 17483: 17463: 17445:978-0749406691 17444: 17421: 17387: 17361: 17327: 17297: 17264: 17238: 17204: 17168: 17138: 17105: 17054: 17018: 16988: 16962: 16932: 16899: 16868: 16835: 16816: 16783: 16752: 16719: 16700: 16694:. p. 45. 16670: 16661: 16654: 16634: 16608: 16582: 16556: 16525: 16495: 16458: 16425: 16395: 16388: 16363: 16334: 16315: 16284: 16254: 16224: 16197:Lewis, Anthony 16188: 16150: 16120: 16090: 16060: 16035: 16005: 15980: 15950: 15929: 15906:Walker, Andy. 15898: 15864: 15838: 15804: 15778: 15744: 15719: 15689: 15659: 15627: 15605: 15568: 15538: 15512: 15482: 15452: 15422: 15391: 15361: 15328: 15293: 15267: 15220: 15190: 15160: 15142: 15111: 15081: 15057: 15026: 14996: 14974: 14944: 14918: 14888: 14862: 14828: 14797: 14766: 14736: 14706: 14676: 14646: 14616: 14599:www.bod.org.uk 14586: 14556: 14526: 14494: 14460: 14427: 14388: 14357: 14324: 14290: 14265: 14234: 14208: 14178: 14161:Channel 4 News 14148: 14117: 14086: 14055: 14024: 13991: 13960: 13930: 13915: 13884: 13858: 13827: 13816:on 29 May 2013 13801: 13792: 13766: 13740: 13698:(2): 131–147. 13675: 13640: 13614: 13588: 13558: 13545:www.hull.ac.uk 13532: 13502: 13472: 13442: 13433: 13403: 13376: 13337: 13307: 13281: 13251: 13212: 13181: 13155: 13122: 13097: 13067: 13041: 13010: 12979: 12949: 12918: 12888: 12877:. 13 July 2022 12862: 12831: 12800: 12769: 12739: 12713: 12682: 12651: 12621: 12591: 12561: 12531: 12501: 12471: 12441: 12415: 12388: 12357: 12331: 12305: 12272: 12239: 12213: 12186: 12160: 12133: 12096: 12070: 12044: 12018: 11992: 11966: 11939: 11913: 11882: 11856: 11830: 11813:Independent.ie 11799: 11773: 11742: 11712: 11686: 11660: 11629: 11598: 11567: 11564:on 6 May 2008. 11549: 11519: 11488: 11458: 11432: 11402: 11376: 11350: 11314: 11287: 11260: 11234: 11205: 11172: 11163: 11118: 11088: 11063: 11037: 11005: 10979: 10948: 10918: 10892: 10862: 10832: 10802: 10768: 10735: 10702: 10689: 10683:David Dutton, 10676: 10664: 10634: 10604: 10574: 10548: 10535: 10526: 10507: 10484: 10472: 10456: 10443: 10410: 10403: 10382: 10369: 10353: 10337: 10321: 10303: 10276: 10261: 10245: 10226: 10205:Trust (2009). 10193: 10170: 10163: 10138: 10117: 10098:(2): 149–166. 10082: 10069: 10056: 10038:978-0195343342 10037: 10017: 9989: 9974: 9968:Robert Blake, 9961: 9930: 9892: 9861: 9830: 9803: 9773: 9742: 9708: 9675: 9645: 9615: 9585: 9555: 9525: 9495: 9464: 9433: 9427: 9404: 9383: 9353: 9321: 9279: 9253:(5). Hoboken: 9228: 9217: 9192: 9169: 9147:(March 2023). 9133: 9091: 9080:on 9 July 2022 9060: 9030: 9019: 9013: 9006: 8983: 8954: 8947: 8922: 8916: 8889: 8880: 8874: 8865: 8859: 8848:on 9 June 2016 8833: 8799: 8768: 8742: 8731:. 24 July 2024 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8694: 8681: 8668: 8651: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8579: 8565: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8496: 8494:1922 Committee 8489: 8488: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8448: 8447: 8441: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8367: 8366: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8328: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8314: 8313: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8278: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8199: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8183: 8174: 8165: 8156: 8147: 8138: 8129: 8120: 8111: 8102: 8087: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8056: 8053: 8045: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8009: 8006: 7998: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7985: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7961: 7953: 7950: 7942: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7914: 7906: 7903: 7895: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7869: 7861: 7858: 7850: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7822: 7814: 7811: 7803: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7788:Michael Howard 7785: 7779: 7778: 7775: 7767: 7764: 7756: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7720: 7717: 7709: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7678: 7675: 7667: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7639: 7631: 7628: 7620: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7589: 7586: 7578: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7555: 7547: 7544: 7536: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7500: 7497: 7489: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7466: 7458: 7455: 7447: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7416: 7413: 7405: 7400: 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6692: 6689: 6681: 6678: 6670: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6639: 6636: 6628: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6613:Arthur Balfour 6610: 6604: 6603: 6600: 6592: 6589: 6581: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6550: 6547: 6539: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6508: 6505: 6497: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6471: 6463: 6460: 6452: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6421: 6418: 6410: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6374: 6371: 6363: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6332: 6329: 6321: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6290: 6287: 6279: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6241: 6238: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6207: 6199: 6196: 6188: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6157: 6154: 6146: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6115: 6112: 6104: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6073: 6070: 6062: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6026: 6023: 6015: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5984: 5981: 5973: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5940: 5937: 5929: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5834: 5831: 5802: 5799: 5791:Kenneth Clarke 5775: 5772: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5660:Tory socialism 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5583:Related topics 5581: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5530:Samuel Johnson 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5496: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5470:Family Compact 5467: 5462: 5457: 5453:Château Clique 5448: 5443: 5437: 5434:General topics 5432: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5406:Traditionalism 5403: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5350: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5332: 5331: 5321: 5320: 5264:Better Off Out 5191: 5188: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5047: 5035: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4980: 4973: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4941:George Osborne 4938: 4933: 4928: 4926:Michael Howard 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4863:Responsibility 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4787: 4786: 4776: 4773: 4765:Euroscepticism 4736: 4735:Party factions 4733: 4710:Michael Peters 4693: 4690: 4614:European Union 4582: 4579: 4555:Sergei Kopytov 4499: 4496: 4482:Advisory Board 4455: 4452: 4439: 4436: 4413:Main article: 4410: 4407: 4383: 4380: 4356: 4353: 4321:1922 Committee 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4218: 4215: 4183: 4180: 4147: 4144: 4116: 4113: 4066: 4063: 4014: 4011: 4005:both parents. 3992: 3989: 3977:European Union 3949: 3946: 3914: 3911: 3844: 3843:Defence policy 3841: 3809:Arthur Balfour 3794:European Union 3725:(NATO) to the 3658: 3657:Foreign policy 3655: 3647:European Union 3579: 3576: 3544:Euroscepticism 3533:free childcare 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3471: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3297:Sunday Express 3289: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3102:Heritage Party 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3048: 3038: 3028: 3018: 3008: 2998: 2988: 2978: 2968: 2958: 2948: 2938: 2928: 2918: 2908: 2898: 2888: 2878: 2868: 2858: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2758:Johnson (Paul) 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2217: 2212: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2093: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2055: 2054: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2002:Main article: 1999: 1996: 1944:Main article: 1941: 1938: 1859:Main article: 1856: 1853: 1785:Main article: 1782: 1779: 1715:Main article: 1712: 1709: 1705:Baroness Warsi 1660: 1657: 1619:Michael Howard 1581: 1578: 1559:Kenneth Clarke 1549:. The party's 1547:European Union 1503: 1500: 1465:miners' strike 1390: 1387: 1334: 1331: 1275:Party chairman 1226: 1223: 1203:food rationing 1198: 1195: 1190:Main article: 1187: 1184: 1133:Main article: 1130: 1127: 1122:anti-Socialism 1086: 1083: 1023:Arthur Balfour 986: 983: 914:Exclusion Bill 882: 879: 859:Main article: 856: 853: 782:European Union 778:British Empire 762:united Ireland 723:British Empire 668:United Kingdom 646: 645: 643: 642: 638:City of London 630: 627: 626: 621: 616: 610: 607: 606: 596: 595: 591: 590: 582: 581: 577: 576: 573:5,106 / 18,766 571: 569: 563: 562: 557: 555: 549: 548: 543: 541: 539:PCCs and PFCCs 535: 534: 529: 527: 521: 520: 515: 513: 507: 506: 501: 499: 493: 492: 487: 485: 479: 478: 473: 471: 469:House of Lords 465: 464: 459: 457: 451: 450: 448:1922 Committee 445: 439: 438: 436: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 409: 407: 401: 400: 395: 393:Governing body 389: 388: 382: 378: 377: 369: 365: 364: 362: 361: 351: 344: 337: 329: 327: 323: 322: 317: 313: 312: 301: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 281: 270: 268: 262: 261: 258: 251: 250: 245: 241: 240: 235: 231: 230: 225: 219: 218: 213: 207: 206: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 176: 172: 170: 169:Merger of 166: 165: 163: 162: 161:(current form) 147: 131: 129: 125: 124: 123:Stephen Massey 121: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 102: 101: 94: 83: 81: 75: 74: 69: 63: 62: 56: 50: 49: 41: 40: 36: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22234: 22223: 22220: 22218: 22215: 22213: 22210: 22208: 22205: 22203: 22200: 22198: 22195: 22193: 22190: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22175: 22173: 22170: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22159: 22157: 22123: 22118: 22113: 22111: 22106: 22101: 22099: 22094: 22089: 22087: 22082: 22077: 22075: 22070: 22065: 22063: 22058: 22053: 22051: 22046: 22041: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22027: 22022: 22017: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22003: 21998: 21993: 21991: 21986: 21981: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21967: 21962: 21957: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21943: 21938: 21933: 21931: 21926: 21921: 21919: 21914: 21909: 21907: 21902: 21897: 21896: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21877: 21872: 21867: 21865: 21860: 21855: 21853: 21848: 21843: 21841: 21836: 21831: 21829: 21824: 21819: 21817: 21812: 21807: 21805: 21800: 21795: 21793: 21788: 21783: 21781: 21776: 21771: 21769: 21764: 21759: 21757: 21756:New Democracy 21752: 21747: 21745: 21740: 21735: 21733: 21728: 21723: 21721: 21716: 21711: 21709: 21704: 21699: 21697: 21692: 21687: 21685: 21680: 21675: 21673: 21668: 21663: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21650: 21648: 21643: 21638: 21633: 21631: 21626: 21621: 21619: 21614: 21609: 21607: 21602: 21597: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21583: 21578: 21573: 21571: 21566: 21561: 21559: 21554: 21549: 21547: 21542: 21537: 21535: 21530: 21525: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21511: 21506: 21501: 21499: 21494: 21489: 21487: 21482: 21477: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21463: 21458: 21453: 21451: 21446: 21441: 21439: 21438:Liberal Party 21434: 21429: 21427: 21422: 21417: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21398: 21393: 21389: 21382: 21378: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21351: 21348: 21346: 21343: 21341: 21338: 21336: 21333: 21331: 21328: 21327: 21323: 21319: 21312: 21307: 21305: 21300: 21298: 21293: 21292: 21289: 21277: 21274: 21272: 21269: 21268: 21265: 21260: 21256: 21253: 21249: 21243: 21237: 21234: 21232: 21229: 21227: 21224: 21222: 21219: 21217: 21214: 21212: 21209: 21207: 21204: 21202: 21199: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21177: 21174: 21172: 21169: 21167: 21164: 21162: 21161:Britain First 21159: 21157: 21154: 21152: 21149: 21147: 21144: 21143: 21141: 21139:Other parties 21137: 21130: 21127: 21124: 21121: 21118: 21117:London Greens 21115: 21112: 21109: 21106: 21105:London Labour 21103: 21102: 21100: 21097: 21093: 21086: 21083: 21080: 21077: 21074: 21071: 21068: 21065: 21062: 21059: 21056: 21053: 21050: 21047: 21044: 21041: 21038: 21035: 21034: 21032: 21029: 21025: 21018: 21015: 21012: 21009: 21006: 21003: 21000: 20997: 20994: 20991: 20990: 20988: 20985: 20981: 20974: 20971: 20968: 20965: 20962: 20959: 20956: 20953: 20950: 20947: 20944: 20941: 20938: 20935: 20934: 20932: 20929: 20925: 20918: 20915: 20912: 20909: 20906: 20903: 20900: 20897: 20894: 20891: 20888: 20885: 20882: 20879: 20876: 20873: 20870: 20867: 20864: 20861: 20858: 20857:Crossbenchers 20855: 20852: 20849: 20848: 20846: 20843: 20839: 20832: 20829: 20826: 20823: 20820: 20817: 20814: 20811: 20808: 20805: 20802: 20799: 20796: 20793: 20790: 20787: 20784: 20781: 20778: 20775: 20772: 20769: 20766: 20763: 20760: 20757: 20754: 20751: 20748: 20744: 20741: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20731: 20726: 20721: 20717: 20710: 20705: 20703: 20698: 20696: 20691: 20690: 20687: 20681: 20674: 20664: 20654: 20642: 20627: 20623: 20620: 20617: 20614: 20611: 20608: 20605: 20602: 20599: 20596: 20593: 20590: 20586: 20582: 20579: 20576: 20573: 20569: 20568: 20566: 20562: 20556: 20553: 20549: 20545: 20542: 20539: 20536: 20532: 20531: 20529: 20525: 20521: 20514: 20510: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20492: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20457: 20456: 20453: 20446: 20442: 20428: 20425: 20421: 20418: 20416: 20413: 20412: 20411: 20408: 20407: 20405: 20401: 20395: 20394:Five Families 20392: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20375: 20374:Selsdon Group 20372: 20370: 20367: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20300: 20297: 20295: 20292: 20290: 20287: 20285: 20282: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20270: 20267: 20265: 20262: 20260: 20257: 20255: 20252: 20250: 20247: 20245: 20242: 20240: 20237: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20220: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20210: 20207: 20205: 20202: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20189: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20132: 20129: 20127: 20124: 20123: 20121: 20117: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20087: 20085: 20081: 20075: 20074: 20070: 20069: 20067: 20063: 20059: 20052: 20048: 20034: 20031: 20030: 20028: 20024: 20018: 20015: 20014: 20012: 20008: 20002: 19999: 19998: 19996: 19992: 19986: 19983: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19967: 19965: 19961: 19955: 19952: 19951: 19949: 19945: 19937: 19934: 19933: 19932: 19929: 19928: 19926: 19924:Parliamentary 19922: 19916: 19913: 19912: 19910: 19906: 19900: 19897: 19891: 19888: 19887: 19886: 19883: 19882: 19881: 19878: 19877: 19875: 19871: 19867: 19860: 19856: 19844: 19841: 19840: 19839: 19836: 19832: 19829: 19828: 19827: 19824: 19820: 19817: 19816: 19815: 19812: 19808: 19805: 19804: 19803: 19800: 19796: 19793: 19792: 19791: 19788: 19784: 19781: 19780: 19779: 19776: 19772: 19769: 19768: 19767: 19764: 19760: 19757: 19756: 19755: 19752: 19748: 19745: 19744: 19743: 19740: 19735: 19734: 19733: 19730: 19726: 19723: 19722: 19721: 19718: 19713: 19712: 19711: 19708: 19704: 19701: 19700: 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18904:Organisations 18902: 18898: 18891: 18887: 18883: 18874: 18869: 18867: 18862: 18860: 18855: 18854: 18851: 18845: 18841: 18836: 18832: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18818: 18815: 18812: 18809: 18806: 18803: 18800: 18796: 18792: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18780: 18776: 18772: 18769: 18766: 18763: 18760: 18754: 18749: 18748: 18738: 18734: 18731: 18727: 18715: 18711: 18707: 18703: 18699: 18695: 18689: 18685: 18682: 18678: 18675: 18671: 18670: 18660: 18656: 18653: 18649: 18645: 18642: 18638: 18635: 18631: 18629: 18625: 18621: 18617: 18614: 18611: 18607: 18604: 18600: 18598: 18594: 18591: 18587: 18583: 18580: 18576: 18574: 18573:0-7425-2203-2 18570: 18566: 18562: 18559: 18555: 18552: 18548: 18544: 18539: 18537: 18533: 18530: 18526: 18522: 18519: 18515: 18512: 18508: 18505: 18502: 18498: 18496: 18492: 18489: 18485: 18481: 18478: 18474: 18471: 18467: 18464: 18460: 18457: 18453: 18451: 18447: 18443: 18439: 18436: 18433: 18425: 18422: 18418: 18415: 18411: 18408: 18404: 18400: 18395: 18393: 18389: 18385: 18382: 18374: 18372: 18368: 18365: 18362: 18358: 18354: 18350: 18347: 18343: 18341: 18340:0-7126-6781-4 18337: 18333: 18329: 18326: 18322: 18318: 18316: 18312: 18308: 18305: 18301: 18297: 18292: 18290: 18286: 18283: 18279: 18275: 18272: 18268: 18264: 18258: 18254: 18250: 18246: 18243: 18239: 18235: 18231: 18230: 18210:. 3 July 2023 18209: 18208:The Spectator 18205: 18199: 18183: 18176: 18160: 18156: 18152: 18146: 18130: 18126: 18120: 18104: 18100: 18096: 18090: 18074: 18070: 18066: 18060: 18044: 18040: 18036: 18030: 18028: 18011: 18007: 18001: 17985: 17981: 17975: 17967: 17962: 17961: 17952: 17936: 17932: 17926: 17918: 17914: 17908: 17899: 17892:. p. 66. 17891: 17884: 17869: 17865: 17858: 17843:on 2 May 2014 17839: 17835: 17828: 17821: 17805: 17801: 17797: 17790: 17771: 17764: 17758: 17742: 17738: 17734: 17728: 17712: 17708: 17704: 17698: 17682: 17678: 17674: 17668: 17652: 17648: 17644: 17637: 17621: 17617: 17613: 17606: 17590: 17586: 17582: 17575: 17559: 17555: 17551: 17545: 17529: 17525: 17523:9781349253111 17519: 17515: 17514: 17506: 17490: 17486: 17480: 17476: 17475: 17467: 17451: 17447: 17441: 17437: 17436: 17428: 17426: 17409: 17405: 17401: 17394: 17392: 17376: 17375:The Telegraph 17372: 17365: 17350: 17346: 17342: 17338: 17331: 17315: 17311: 17307: 17301: 17285: 17281: 17280: 17275: 17268: 17253: 17249: 17242: 17227: 17223: 17219: 17215: 17208: 17192: 17188: 17187: 17182: 17175: 17173: 17156: 17152: 17148: 17142: 17127: 17126: 17121: 17114: 17112: 17110: 17101: 17089: 17073: 17069: 17065: 17058: 17042: 17038: 17037: 17032: 17028: 17022: 17006: 17002: 16998: 16992: 16976: 16972: 16966: 16950: 16946: 16942: 16936: 16920: 16916: 16915: 16910: 16903: 16887: 16883: 16879: 16872: 16856: 16852: 16851: 16850:The Telegraph 16846: 16839: 16831: 16827: 16820: 16804: 16800: 16799: 16798:The Telegraph 16794: 16787: 16771: 16767: 16766:The Telegraph 16763: 16756: 16740: 16736: 16735: 16730: 16723: 16707: 16703: 16701:9781907301575 16697: 16693: 16689: 16688: 16683: 16677: 16675: 16665: 16657: 16651: 16647: 16646: 16638: 16623: 16619: 16612: 16597: 16593: 16586: 16571: 16567: 16560: 16544: 16540: 16536: 16529: 16513: 16509: 16505: 16499: 16492: 16490: 16477: 16473: 16469: 16462: 16443: 16436: 16429: 16413: 16409: 16405: 16399: 16391: 16385: 16381: 16377: 16373: 16367: 16351: 16347: 16341: 16339: 16331: 16327: 16322: 16320: 16303: 16299: 16295: 16288: 16272: 16268: 16264: 16258: 16242: 16238: 16234: 16228: 16212: 16209:. p. 1. 16208: 16207: 16202: 16198: 16192: 16183: 16178: 16175:(1): 90–129. 16174: 16170: 16169: 16164: 16157: 16155: 16138: 16134: 16130: 16124: 16108: 16104: 16100: 16094: 16078: 16074: 16070: 16064: 16049: 16045: 16039: 16023: 16019: 16015: 16009: 15994: 15990: 15984: 15968: 15964: 15960: 15954: 15946: 15939: 15933: 15917: 15913: 15909: 15902: 15887: 15883: 15879: 15875: 15868: 15852: 15848: 15842: 15826: 15822: 15818: 15814: 15813:Harvey, Fiona 15808: 15793: 15789: 15782: 15766: 15762: 15758: 15751: 15749: 15740: 15736: 15731: 15723: 15707: 15703: 15699: 15693: 15677: 15673: 15669: 15663: 15647: 15643: 15642: 15637: 15631: 15623: 15619: 15615: 15609: 15593: 15589: 15585: 15581: 15575: 15573: 15556: 15552: 15548: 15542: 15526: 15522: 15516: 15500: 15496: 15492: 15486: 15470: 15466: 15462: 15456: 15440: 15436: 15432: 15426: 15410: 15406: 15405:The Telegraph 15402: 15395: 15379: 15375: 15371: 15365: 15349: 15345: 15344: 15339: 15332: 15316: 15312: 15308: 15302: 15300: 15298: 15281: 15277: 15271: 15255: 15251: 15247: 15243: 15239: 15235: 15231: 15224: 15208: 15204: 15200: 15194: 15178: 15174: 15170: 15164: 15156: 15152: 15146: 15130: 15126: 15122: 15115: 15099: 15095: 15091: 15085: 15078: 15074: 15070: 15067: 15061: 15045: 15041: 15037: 15030: 15014: 15010: 15006: 15000: 14992: 14988: 14984: 14978: 14962: 14958: 14951: 14949: 14932: 14928: 14922: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14892: 14876: 14872: 14866: 14851: 14847: 14843: 14839: 14832: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14801: 14785: 14781: 14777: 14770: 14754: 14750: 14746: 14740: 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13679: 13671: 13667: 13663: 13659: 13656:(15): 41–65. 13655: 13651: 13644: 13628: 13624: 13618: 13603: 13599: 13592: 13576: 13572: 13568: 13562: 13546: 13542: 13536: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13506: 13490: 13486: 13482: 13476: 13460: 13456: 13452: 13446: 13437: 13421: 13417: 13413: 13407: 13391: 13387: 13380: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13351:The Telegraph 13348: 13341: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13295: 13291: 13285: 13269: 13265: 13261: 13255: 13239: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13216: 13200: 13196: 13192: 13185: 13170: 13166: 13159: 13143: 13139: 13135: 13129: 13127: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13085: 13081: 13077: 13071: 13056: 13052: 13045: 13029: 13025: 13021: 13014: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12983: 12967: 12963: 12959: 12953: 12937: 12933: 12929: 12922: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12892: 12876: 12872: 12866: 12850: 12846: 12842: 12835: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12804: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12773: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12743: 12728: 12724: 12717: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12686: 12670: 12666: 12662: 12655: 12639: 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11503: 11499: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11462: 11447: 11443: 11436: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11406: 11391: 11387: 11380: 11364: 11360: 11354: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11318: 11302: 11298: 11291: 11275: 11271: 11264: 11248: 11244: 11238: 11222: 11218: 11212: 11210: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11179: 11177: 11167: 11159: 11153: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11092: 11076: 11070: 11068: 11051: 11047: 11041: 11022: 11015: 11009: 10993: 10989: 10983: 10967: 10963: 10959: 10952: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10906: 10902: 10896: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10866: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10836: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10806: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10778: 10772: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10742: 10740: 10720: 10716: 10714: 10706: 10699: 10693: 10686: 10680: 10673: 10668: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10608: 10592: 10588: 10584: 10578: 10562: 10558: 10552: 10545: 10539: 10530: 10514: 10510: 10508:9780191587993 10504: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10488: 10481: 10480:The Economist 10476: 10469: 10465: 10464:Toye, Richard 10460: 10453: 10447: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10427: 10423: 10420: 10414: 10406: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10386: 10379: 10373: 10366: 10360: 10358: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10317: 10310: 10308: 10299: 10295: 10292:(2): 129–52. 10291: 10287: 10280: 10272: 10265: 10259: 10255: 10249: 10241: 10237: 10230: 10219: 10215: 10208: 10204: 10197: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10174: 10166: 10164:0-8020-1838-6 10160: 10155: 10154: 10148: 10147:Blewett, Neal 10142: 10134: 10130: 10129: 10121: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10086: 10079: 10073: 10066: 10060: 10044: 10040: 10034: 10030: 10029: 10021: 10006: 10002: 10001: 9993: 9985: 9978: 9971: 9965: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9934: 9918: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9896: 9880: 9876: 9875:New Statesman 9872: 9865: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9834: 9818: 9814: 9807: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9777: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9746: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9715: 9713: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9680: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9619: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9573: 9569: 9568:New Statesman 9565: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9529: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9468: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9437: 9431: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9408: 9400: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9333: 9325: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9304: 9301:. Amsterdam: 9300: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9283: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9247: 9239: 9232: 9225: 9220: 9218:9781032346571 9214: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9196: 9189: 9176: 9172: 9170:9781509546015 9166: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9153:. Cambridge: 9152: 9151: 9146: 9140: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9095: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9064: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9017: 9009: 9007:9780198831303 9003: 8999: 8998: 8990: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8961: 8959: 8950: 8948:9783030707095 8944: 8940: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8920: 8904: 8900: 8893: 8884: 8878: 8869: 8863: 8847: 8843: 8837: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8806: 8804: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8772: 8757: 8753: 8746: 8730: 8726: 8720: 8716: 8704: 8698: 8691: 8685: 8678: 8672: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8648: 8642: 8638: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8580: 8577: 8566: 8563: 8557: 8552: 8540: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8451: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8436: 8435: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8387: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8344: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8276: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8250:Selsdon Group 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8215: 8205: 8187: 8178: 8169: 8160: 8151: 8142: 8133: 8124: 8115: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8092: 8082: 8078: 8065: 8057: 8054: 8046: 8039: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8019:Conservative 8018: 8010: 8007: 7999: 7992: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7983:Boris Johnson 7979: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7970: 7962: 7954: 7951: 7943: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7923: 7920: 7919: 7916:Conservative 7915: 7907: 7904: 7896: 7889: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7871:Conservative– 7870: 7862: 7859: 7851: 7844: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7835:David Cameron 7831: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7815: 7812: 7804: 7797: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7768: 7765: 7757: 7750: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7741:William Hague 7737: 7734: 7733: 7729: 7721: 7718: 7710: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7688:Conservative 7687: 7679: 7676: 7668: 7661: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7641:Conservative 7640: 7632: 7629: 7621: 7614: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7599:Conservative 7598: 7590: 7587: 7579: 7572: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7557:Conservative 7556: 7548: 7545: 7537: 7530: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7501: 7498: 7490: 7483: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7456: 7448: 7441: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7432:February 1974 7429: 7426:Conservative 7425: 7417: 7414: 7406: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7372: 7364: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7328: 7325: 7317: 7310: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7281: 7278: 7270: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7231: 7223: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7193:Conservative– 7192: 7184: 7181: 7173: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7142: 7139: 7131: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7097: 7089: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7058:Conservative– 7057: 7049: 7046: 7038: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7004: 7001: 6993: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6962: 6959: 6951: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6929:Conservative 6928: 6920: 6917: 6909: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6878: 6875: 6867: 6860: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6840:Conservative 6839: 6831: 6828: 6820: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6786: 6783: 6775: 6773: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6751: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6736: 6732: 6724: 6721: 6713: 6706: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6697:December 1910 6694: 6690: 6682: 6679: 6671: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6640: 6637: 6629: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6593: 6590: 6582: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6548: 6540: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6517: 6509: 6506: 6498: 6491: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6476: 6473:Conservative– 6472: 6464: 6461: 6453: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6422: 6419: 6411: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6375: 6372: 6364: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6342:Conservative 6341: 6333: 6330: 6322: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6291: 6288: 6280: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6242: 6239: 6231: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6197: 6189: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6158: 6155: 6147: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6113: 6105: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6082: 6074: 6071: 6063: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6047:Earl of Derby 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036:Conservative 6035: 6027: 6024: 6016: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5985: 5982: 5974: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5941: 5938: 5930: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5869: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5846: 5840: 5830: 5827: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5781: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5578: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5505:Robert Filmer 5503: 5502: 5494: 5493: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5430: 5429: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5276:Ronald Reagan 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5241:William Hague 5238: 5234: 5230: 5229:Daniel Hannan 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5201:privatisation 5197: 5187: 5185: 5184:Peter Tapsell 5181: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5165:Phillip Blond 5162: 5161:civil society 5158: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5146:welfare state 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5074: 5072: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4997:Organisations 4994: 4993: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4946:Boris Johnson 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4931:David Cameron 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4868:Welfare State 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858:Social policy 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4698:Olympic flame 4689: 4687: 4686:Lisbon treaty 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4559:Barclays Bank 4556: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4265: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4070:David Cameron 4062: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4043: 4042:You and Yours 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3997:David Cameron 3991:Family policy 3988: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3960:, and reform 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3887: 3885: 3884:cybersecurity 3880: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3825:Boris Johnson 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3774:Boris Johnson 3771: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3755:David Cameron 3752: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3681:, Members of 3680: 3679:United States 3676: 3668: 3667:Ronald Reagan 3663: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3638:asylum seeker 3635: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3620:Ruth Davidson 3617: 3613: 3609: 3608:Owen Paterson 3605: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3584: 3578:Social policy 3575: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3339:The Spectator 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3292:Daily Express 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3156:Organisations 3153: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3065: 3064: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2748:Hanbury-Tracy 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2359:Intellectuals 2356: 2355: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2337:Young England 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2254:Protectionism 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2229:Family values 2227: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2113:Compassionate 2111: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2020:British Asian 2014: 2010: 2005: 1995: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1930:Chris Pincher 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877:Boris 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