982:. A wealthy oligarchy was then created that used candidate-based political parties to control economic interests; a practice that continues to the present day. This oligarchy was supported by the Catholic Church, which would ignore inequalities in Peru and instead assist governments with appeasing the impoverished majority. The education system in Peru was also created by the authoritarian governments of conservatives to segregate against indigenous Peruvians, instilling the belief of a hierarchal society and training indigenous groups to live their lives as peasants or soldiers. Combatting ideologies of
42:
1001:
731:
1139:
2364:
officers to devise a coup plan in the late 1980s. The plan called for the dissolution of Peru's civilian government, military control over the state, and total elimination of armed opposition groups. The plan, developed in a series of documents known as the "Plan Verde," outlined a strategy for carrying out a military coup in which the armed forces would govern for 15 to 20 years and radically restructure state-society relations along neoliberal lines.
743:
858:
3168:
communist terrorist organizations. ... After the end of the conflict, the term came to be used carelessly and often as a racially charged political insult, targeting progressive or left-wing politicians or activists, organizations committed to the defense of human rights, and, at least historically, people of indigenous origin.
923:, Herrera stated that the idea was "the seed of revolution, crimes and inevitable slave". Herrera's thoughts would evolve in to believing he was a direct representative of God, stating "Obey the constituted authorities. Let tremble those who do not obey me". The Peruvian press would describe Herrera's ideas as supporting
1631:
is the largest media conglomerate in Peru and one of the largest in South
America, owning 80% of newspapers, receiving 65% of online readers and generating 57% of revenue among Peru's largest media organizations. Although they initially opposed the Fujimori clan in other instances, especially against
1062:
instead of liberalism, believing the latter prevented the necessary reform for Peru. Intellectuals in Peru would seek to create their own nationalist movement, though initially they had complications with deciding its direction since the bases of
Peruvian society relied on an authoritarian religious
2392:
important members of the officer corps, particularly within the army, had been contemplating a military coup and the establishment of an authoritarian regime, or a so-called directed democracy. The project was known as 'Plan Verde', the Green Plan. ... Fujimori essentially adopted the 'Plan Verde,'
2363:
the military's growing frustration over the limitations placed upon its counterinsurgency operations by democratic institutions, coupled with the growing inability of civilian politicians to deal with the spiraling economic crisis and the expansion of the
Shining Path, prompted a group of military
2014:
In contrast to the liberals, conservatives were essentially reactionary authoritarians. ... Herrera emerged as the leading spokesman of
Peruvian conservatism. As opposed to contemporary liberal thinkers, Herrera called for greater reliance on authority, opted for order over liberty, and argued for
1579:
inaccurately stating "during the three decades that preceded to date, populist, socialist or mercantilist ideas and governments exercised almost absolute predominance in our country". The dismantling of political parties in the 1990s resulted with weaker newcoming politicians into the twenty first
1478:
to discredit those who opposed him, including dissenters from his own government, with political scientist Daniel
Encinas saying that this would evolve into conservative politicians using the attack to target those opposed to Fujimori's neoliberal economic policies and that the right-wing used the
3167:
It was in this context that Martha ChĂĄvez, ... accused demonstrators of being linked to the terrorist left ... As absurd as it may seem, this kind of attack is common in Peru, and recently there is even a name for it: terruqueo, the mostly groundless accusation of being connected to once powerful
2447:
The coup of April 5, 1992, carried out by high-ranking military felons who used the
President of the Republic himself as their figurehead, had as one of its stated objectives a guaranteed free hand for the armed forces in the anti-subversion campaign, the same armed forces for whom the democratic
1559:'s Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE) providing his ILD with funding and education for advertising campaigns. Between 1988 and 1995, de Soto and the ILD were mainly responsible for some four hundred initiatives, laws, and regulations that led to significant changes in Peru's
1592:. The economic boom Peru experienced did not develop a stronger government however, with deregulation and privatization becoming more established due to the Consensus following the fall of the Fujimori government while elites supporting the Consensus gained veto power in the government.
2471:
Lester: Though few questioned it , Montesinos was a novel choice. Peru's army had banished him for selling secrets to
America's CIA, but he'd prospered as a defence lawyer â for accused drug traffickers. ... Lester: Did Fujmori control Montesinos or did Montesinos control Fujimori? ...
963:. He reappeared in 1860 to become a member and president of Congress, creating a draft of the 1860 Constitution of Peru that supported an undemocratic, elitist agenda that included excluding citizenship for a large percentage of Peruvians, a president chosen through
915:, arguing that Peru's independence from Spain had reversed this, stating "the principle of obedience had perished in the struggle emancipation". He believed that after the Spanish Empire relinquished its authority over Peru, the new structure of
2015:
greater ecclesiastical influence in worldly affairs. Political authority derived from God, ... The
Constitution of 1860 was a compromise between the 1856 charter, which many Peruvians found too radical, and the authoritarian proposal of Herrera.
1129:
consensus on the interpretation of
Peruvian political thought in Peru, were the first generation to give importance to conservative thinking in Peruvian history, rescuing important conservative figures like Bartolomé Herrera or Blas Ostoloza.
2393:
and the military became a partner in the regime. ... The autogolpe, or self-coup, of April 5, 1992, dissolved the
Congress and the country's constitution and allowed for the implementation of the most important components of the 'Plan Verde.'
2788:: "To the extent that VOX fits with the concepts and theoretical explanations about radical right-wing parties and authoritarian populists, we would have a prior set of variables and factors that could explain the vote for this party."
967:, a thirty-member senate that was overseen by businessmen who held judicial power and a chamber of deputies who dealt with legislature. After his proposal was rejected, he angrily resigned from office and stayed out of public life.
1599:. This lack of state intervention as promoted by the Consensus has resulted with a weak government with poor performance, with many Peruvians experiencing insufficient basic services such as education, justice and security.
1574:
with the goal of establishing a neoliberal economy. As the Fujimori government began to implement their economic policy, his administration attempted to rewrite Peru's economic history, with Minister of the Economy
3754:
2516:
Alberto Fujimori,... as later events would seem to confirmâmerely the figurehead of a regime governed for all practical purposes by the Intelligence Service and the leadership of the armed forces
766:
2907:
865:
The weakness of political parties in Peruvian politics has been recognized throughout the nation's history, with competing leaders fighting for power following the collapse of the
955:, who ruled Peru through the 1800s, believing that his authority helped stabilize Peru. Herrera temporarily resigned from public life in 1853 after the Congress of Peru blocked a
1078:, mainly led by lawyers linked to business interests of England and the United States. The group had little contact outside of the elite, not making any connections with the
3122:
1617:, with wealthy families controlling much of the media and influencing decisions in the nation to serve their economic interests. The mainstream media in Peru is typically
2727:
3095:
2653:
2241:
3894:
1595:
Consensus policies are supported by the economic elite and some of the middle class, with supporters advocating for deregulation, privatization and the removal of
3345:
3181:
710:
1707:
6683:
3601:
903:
Bartolomé Herrera is considered the most influential conservative thinker of 19th-century Peru. Herrera opposed democracy and liberalism strongly supporting
2494:
1246:
of the 1980s and internal conflict, political parties became weaker once again. BelaĂșnde was re-elected in 1980 and became even more conservative, bringing
1727:
2679:
1978:
Gleason, Daniel (October 1981). "Anti-Democratic Thought in Early Republican Peru: Bartolomé Herrera and the Liberal-Conservative Ideological Struggle".
1194:
844:(1968â1975), author of an agrarian reform and the nationalization of strategic sectors. Social conservatism is also very present on the political left.
2567:
2422:
817:. Peruvian conservatism has encompassed a wide range of theories and ideologies in the last two hundred years. In contrast with nearly nations like
6372:
5404:
3844:
2502:
3781:
3569:
1422:
wrote in an article discussing right-wing alliances in the Americas that members of Vox travelled to Peru to obtain signatures, with the parties
1526:
occurred in Peru since businesses take advantage of deregulation to attain more growth. The conservative Congress of Peru refused to ratify the
773:
1238:
would lead the Revolutionary Government until 1980, with his military government participating in the political repression of leftists during
4021:
2948:
Ribera PayĂĄ, Pablo; DĂaz MartĂnez, JosĂ© Ignacio (16 July 2020). "The end of the Spanish exception: the far right in the Spanish Parliament".
5044:
3759:
3642:
2706:
Cuevas-CalderĂłn, Elder; Dongo, Eduardo YalĂĄn; Kanashiro, Lilian (October 2022). "Conservadores en TikTok: PolarizaciĂłn social en el PerĂș".
2684:
2057:
881:
with land and wealthy merchants cooperate to fight the Spanish Empire, though the aristocrats would later obtain greater power and lead an
3549:
3332:
terruqueo, ou seja, a construção artificial, racista e conveniente de um inimigo sociopolĂtico para deslegitimar formas de protesto social
1861:
Levitsky, Steven; Cameron, Maxwell A. (Autumn 2003). "Democracy without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori's Peru".
6086:
5441:
1301:
grew more conservative during his second tenure and took implementation of the Lima Consensus even further, adopting policies similar to
5507:
3628:
1680:
1588:
lost popularity in the 2000s, a more defined Lima Consensus began to emerge in Peru simultaneously as the economy improved during the
5436:
1375:
and Spanish nation and due to this its people "gravitated" towards what was "Hispanic". BĂ©launde, alongside conservative philosopher
1495:
was created by Fujimori according to Jo-Marie Burt, with individuals fearing that they would be described as a terrorist. Using the
5399:
3755:"Dismissal of news director of Peru's main television stations worsens credibility crisis in the press during polarized elections"
938:"he people, that is, the sum total of individuals of every age and condition, DO NOT HAVE THE CAPACITY NOR THE RIGHT TO MAKE LAWS"
6646:
1772:
the right in Peru also has authoritarian tendencies, while the left consists of a mix between ideological and pragmatic elements
5892:
5232:
2842:
GarcĂa Rada, Aser (15 January 2021). "Spain will become the sixth country worldwide to allow euthanasia and assisted suicide".
1932:
Gorman, Stephen M. (September 1980). "The Economic and Social Foundations of Elite Power in Peru: A Review of the Literature".
76:
2887:
2385:
6505:
5448:
4834:
3040:
2756:"El PerĂș y España Durante el Oncenio. El Hispanismo en el Discurso Oficial y en las Manifestaciones SimbĂłlicas (1919â1930)"
1475:
3623:
Alvarez, Javier Perla; Montero, Daniela Freundt; Barrantes, Eduardo Burga; Takahashi, TalĂa Postigo; Menton, Mary (2014).
3353:
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1071:
altogether. The group then became limited, fixating on the past while other nations focused on more progressive concerns.
1058:
provided much of the inspiration for nationalist reform in Peru following the War of the Pacific, though he would embrace
5782:
3570:"El consenso de Lima y sus descontentos: del restringido desarrollismo oligarca a revolucionarias reformas estructurales"
2488:
Mr Montesinos ... and his military faction, ... for the moment, has chosen to keep Mr Fujimori as its civilian figurehead
2458:
2233:
1863:
1548:
1028:
591:
3397:
1102:. The movement was primarily led by Riva-AgĂŒero, who was described as "the magistrate of Peruvian culture" by historian
6803:
5205:
4824:
3465:
3436:
2040:
1806:"QuiĂ©n es Pedro Castillo, el maestro de escuela y lĂder sindical de izquierda que competirĂĄ por la presidencia de PerĂș"
1483:
as a "strategy of manipulating the legacy of political violence" due to the general bad memory that people have of the
1376:
1095:
1091:
1009:
444:
245:
225:
3515:
2482:
Keller, Paul (26 October 2000). "Fujimori in OAS talks PERU CRISIS UNCERTAINTY DEEPENS AFTER RETURN OF EX-SPY CHIEF".
2206:
1530:
regarding environmental rights, arguing that it would violate the sovereignty of Peru and interfere with the economy.
1266:
of impoverished and indigenous Peruvians, the control or censorship of media in the nation and the establishment of a
836:
describes Peru as a "right-wing country"; the only left-wing government in contemporary history until the election of
5337:
4579:
4014:
2722:
2139:
1754:
5215:
5210:
5176:
4528:
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1556:
1258:'s inability to combat the crises in the nation, the armed forces began planning a coup in the late 1980s known as
5200:
3809:
3609:
3150:
1158:
833:
6106:
1584:
that existed in Fujimori's government would go on to promote the Consensus and dominate politics in Peru. As the
3869:
3014:
2723:"Hispanismo e Indigenismo: o dualismo cultural no pensamento social peruano (1900â1930). Uma revisĂŁo necessĂĄria"
1213:
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3402:
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1306:
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1032:
492:
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220:
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6708:
6530:
5305:
5271:
4175:
3697:
3015:"La derecha dura española descubrió América | El grupo Vox busca crear una internacional en la "iberoesfera""
2298:
1941:
1906:
759:
23:
5254:
1235:
383:
353:
6101:
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4007:
2522:
2448:
system â a critical Congress, an independent judiciary, a free press â constituted an intolerable obstacle.
1544:
1427:
1111:
919:
led to lawlessness in the nation and that citizens only obeyed laws when it was beneficial. Opposed to the
874:
567:
5957:
5807:
2755:
2339:
Burt, Jo-Marie (SeptemberâOctober 1998). "Unsettled accounts: militarization and memory in postwar Peru".
1305:
and combatting with indigenous groups opposed to mining in their communities, events culminating with the
408:
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6277:
6116:
5882:
4672:
4312:
4182:
4128:
2986:
1712:
560:
514:
504:
393:
298:
2407:
Las Fuerzas Armadas y el 5 de abril: la percepciĂłn de la amenaza subversiva como una motivaciĂłn golpista
358:
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6091:
5992:
5347:
4844:
4369:
4093:
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1079:
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509:
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215:
6332:
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5431:
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5065:
4633:
4596:
4374:
3902:
3733:
3702:
3676:
2860:
Wheeler, Duncan (2020). "Vox in the Age of COVID-19: The Populist Protest Turn in Spanish Politics".
2290:
1898:
1523:
1484:
413:
403:
230:
142:
4297:
3294:
3256:
Burt, Jo-Marie (2006). ""Quien habla es terrorista": The Political Use of Fear in Fujimori's Peru".
2423:"Ideas & Trends: In His Words; Unmasking the Killers in Peru Won't Bring Democracy Back to Life"
1831:
1121:
According to historian FernĂĄn Altuve, this generation of intellectuals, who would put an end to the
6653:
6342:
5352:
5181:
4538:
4389:
4384:
4285:
4108:
4058:
3230:"QuĂ© es el "terruqueo" en PerĂș y cĂłmo influye en la disputa presidencial entre Fujimori y Castillo"
2159:
1622:
1208:
after two loggers were killed, with the Peruvian armed forces and American fighter planes dropping
818:
323:
131:
69:
6436:
1193:
once did, will South America finally achieve true development". In 1964 in an incident called the
1055:
687:
313:
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6242:
5792:
5651:
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4861:
4856:
4574:
4520:
4325:
2844:
1759:
1636:, El Comercio Group has typically supported right-wing political candidates, including President
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5135:
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824:
Peru is considered to be one of the most conservative nations in Latin America, especially with
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4335:
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4118:
4103:
3546:
3069:"Militares en retiro con discursos extremistas se vinculan a polĂticos para apoyar la vacancia"
2376:
Alfredo Schulte-Bockholt (2006). "Chapter 5: Elites, Cocaine, and Power in Colombia and Peru".
2131:
Los Conservadores: Vida y obra de una Ă©lite intelectual en los albores de un PerĂș independiente
1980:
1589:
1166:
1019:) was an influential group of writers, historians and philosophers who created modern Peruvian
920:
524:
378:
82:
3127:
3100:
2603:
2476:: As information comes out, it seems increasingly clear that Montesinos was the power in Peru.
2378:
The politics of organized crime and the organized crime of politics: a study in criminal power
1443:
1067:, which had been imposed since Spanish colonial period, resulting with intellectuals avoiding
348:
255:
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6668:
6550:
6352:
6047:
5686:
5485:
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5001:
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3295:"A TOTALIDADE NEOLIBERAL-FUJIMORISTA: ESTIGMATIZAĂĂO E COLONIALIDADE NO PERU CONTEMPORĂNEO"
3096:"SociĂłlogo tras reuniĂłn de Vox con Fujimori: Se abrazan con quien intentĂł un golpe en PerĂș"
1585:
1048:
1023:, with the group originating from Peruvian intellectual circles during the years after the
459:
63:
3581:
2625:
1508:
1447:
1170:
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and authoritarianism in a belief that the Catholic Church should hold authority through a
661:
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8:
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5492:
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5300:
4849:
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4258:
4233:
4123:
4098:
4068:
3814:
2923:"Vox España and Alternative fĂŒr Deutschland: Propagating the Crisis of National Identity"
2350:
1500:
1162:
1087:
1040:
971:
916:
870:
825:
735:
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519:
92:
87:
4446:
3969:[Vox as Representative of the Radical Right in Spain: A study of its Ideology].
1527:
1336:, and opposed many of the actions performed by the presidents. During the government of
992:
values would arise at the end of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century.
6747:
6720:
6698:
6688:
6641:
6555:
6545:
6535:
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5585:
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5293:
5288:
5025:
4978:
4839:
4591:
4567:
4205:
4073:
3967:"Vox como representante de la derecha radical en España: un estudio sobre su ideologĂa"
3953:
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3316:
3275:
3211:
3155:
2965:
2827:
2630:
2427:
2032:
2005:
1997:
1880:
1876:
1332:, the party created by the daughter of the former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori,
1243:
1122:
1036:
1035:, near the beginning of the 20th century. These intellectuals were heavily inspired in
1024:
978:
extraction in Peru led to the rise of an even wealthier aristocracy that established a
645:
303:
57:
6412:
4973:
3845:"Alberto Fujimori: las cinco sentencias que el expresidente recibiĂł | ELECCIONES-2020"
1325:
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1143:
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2009:
1884:
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1310:
1182:
964:
639:
573:
293:
283:
273:
2263:
1785:
1728:"Peru Congress votes to host OAS summit after outrage over gender neutral bathrooms"
1212:
on the indigenous groups armed with bows and arrows, killing hundreds. BelaĂșnde was
952:
41:
6598:
6593:
6454:
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6307:
6282:
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3494:
3357:
3306:
3267:
3193:
2991:
2957:
2934:
2817:
2807:
2358:
2354:
2108:
1989:
1872:
1633:
1467:
1302:
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1239:
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790:
705:
328:
250:
235:
6524:
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3454:
The Reagan Administration, the Cold War, and the Transition to Democracy Promotion
3425:
The Reagan Administration, the Cold War, and the Transition to Democracy Promotion
2961:
1576:
418:
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6142:
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5551:
5512:
5379:
5145:
4771:
4533:
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4152:
3602:"First Take: Paradoxes of Peruvian Democracy: Political Bust Amid Economic Boom?"
3553:
2798:
2483:
2473:
2129:
1662:
1596:
1560:
1492:
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1250:
reforms to Peru that were unsuccessful due to low commodity prices. Angered with
1075:
1044:
806:
609:
480:
439:
6422:
6322:
5862:
4807:
4192:
4143:
1566:
The Lima Consensus as established during the Fujimori administration focused on
1074:
Members of the Generation of 1900 were primarily influenced by the aristocratic
1000:
464:
6678:
6621:
6565:
6498:
6382:
6357:
6327:
6292:
6227:
6172:
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5887:
5857:
5842:
5777:
5752:
5711:
5575:
4891:
4710:
4660:
4552:
4510:
4353:
2794:"Silencing Feminism? Gender and the Rise of the Nationalist Far Right in Spain"
2572:
2029:
Education and the State in Modern Peru: Primary Schooling in Lima, 1821âc. 1921
1641:
1539:
1435:
1399:
1337:
1333:
1317:
1271:
866:
837:
667:
368:
343:
333:
318:
176:
158:
117:
5932:
3499:
3482:
2680:"The Political Limits of Presidential Impeachment: Lessons from Latin America"
2113:
2096:
1637:
1298:
1255:
1114:
in 1919 and the growing activism of the middle class during the presidency of
821:
or Chile, Peru has not developed a concrete conservative political tradition.
6787:
6727:
6560:
6362:
6312:
6262:
6197:
6057:
6052:
6017:
6007:
5942:
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5797:
5772:
5634:
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4765:
4586:
3992:
3823:
3728:
3527:
3371:
3362:
3207:
3198:
2939:
2922:
2436:
2173:
1614:
1608:
1571:
1552:
1547:, the founder of one of the first neoliberal organizations in Latin America,
1512:
1431:
1423:
1329:
1161:
in 1948, leading a far-right government until 1956. His regime would adopt a
1090:
was necessary in Peru. The three main figures of the Generation of 1900 were
829:
632:
475:
197:
171:
136:
4348:
3073:
3045:
2908:"Nativism is driving the far-right surge in Europe â and it is here to stay"
2097:"The Intellectuals and the Crisis of Modern Peruvian Nationalism: 1870â1919"
1515:
groups, along with human rights groups, have been targeted with the tactic.
1418:
278:
6693:
6673:
6631:
6461:
6402:
6347:
6267:
6247:
6237:
6022:
6002:
5972:
5872:
5827:
5822:
5767:
5721:
5696:
5560:
5128:
5077:
4919:
4623:
4475:
4302:
4291:
4210:
4165:
4030:
3346:"The political use of terrorism in the 2021 Peruvian presidential campaign"
3311:
3182:"The political use of terrorism in the 2021 Peruvian presidential campaign"
2912:
2164:
1567:
1488:
1446:
signing the document. Peruvian business executives, including the owner of
1413:
1177:
party. He would later become president in 1963 and held a doctrine called "
960:
814:
798:
529:
4491:
3271:
3019:
540:
6715:
6636:
6608:
6588:
6493:
6257:
6037:
5927:
5902:
5817:
5706:
5691:
5681:
5624:
5619:
5597:
5580:
5565:
5544:
5539:
5160:
5154:
5101:
4871:
4813:
4727:
4700:
4557:
4545:
4468:
4453:
4248:
4113:
1581:
1064:
1020:
984:
943:
878:
747:
619:
454:
398:
3983:
3966:
2822:
2291:"Peru's Political Party System and the Promotion of the Pro-Poor Reform"
1899:"Peru's Political Party System and the Promotion of the Pro-Poor Reform"
1412:
in 2019 after consulting with the government of United States president
6137:
6132:
5847:
5701:
5666:
5607:
5524:
5225:
5106:
4640:
4200:
3948:
3927:
1345:
1279:
1267:
1259:
1247:
1138:
1126:
1083:
1068:
979:
912:
861:
Bartolomé Herrera, one of Peru's most influential conservative thinkers
614:
388:
191:
182:
166:
151:
97:
2001:
652:
6742:
6377:
5726:
5661:
5480:
5394:
5357:
5315:
5243:
4991:
4881:
4866:
4778:
4754:
4677:
4505:
4411:
4160:
3782:"Peru's Fujimori loses allies as bid to flip election result falters"
2903:
1461:
1341:
1082:
and saw the United States as an example for Peru; the group believed
1059:
989:
956:
924:
908:
892:
887:
882:
534:
498:
123:
1205:
6483:
6466:
5612:
5409:
5320:
5071:
4951:
4886:
4796:
4722:
4695:
4458:
4320:
4238:
3234:
2812:
2793:
2654:"Political Risk Analysis: How Will Peru's Economy Perform In 2017?"
2527:
2234:"Terrorista "José" amenaza con mås ataques a las fuerzas del orden"
1993:
1685:
1263:
1186:
948:
895:
3707:
3398:"The House on the Mountain: How Mining Corrodes Democracy in Peru"
1274:
in Peru. Peruvians shifted their support for authoritarian leader
6387:
5947:
5602:
5534:
5325:
5193:
5117:
4802:
4759:
4666:
4279:
4243:
3786:
3123:"Partido de ultraderecha Vox busca reclutar integrantes peruanos"
1732:
1372:
1230:
1107:
1005:
904:
3622:
3149:
Feline Freier, Luisa; Castillo Jara, Soledad (13 January 2021).
2872:
This provided an opportunity for Vox, a far-right populist party
5592:
4394:
3999:
3939:
2658:
1681:"Insults and Support Greet Peru's First Openly Gay Congressman"
1349:
1209:
810:
449:
3041:"Poderes no santos: alianzas de ultraderecha en Latinoamérica"
2211:
Centro AmazĂłnico de AntropologĂa y AplicaciĂłn PrĂĄctica (CAAAP)
946:, let alone make laws themselves. He would also supported the
5639:
2705:
2409:. Lima, Peru: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. pp. 46â47.
2341:
975:
3514:
Brooke, James; Times, Special To the New York (1990-11-27).
2987:"Vox abre otro frente de disputa con el PP en Latinoamérica"
1503:" and made left-wing ideologies an eternal enemy. Using the
1499:, according to VelĂĄsquez Villalba, Fujimori made himself a "
942:
Thus, Herrera believed that humans could not even interpret
5529:
5310:
4876:
1450:, also participated in discussions and signed the charter.
1189:, stating "only by turning our vision to the interior, and
934:
Responding to criticism in the press, Herrera would write:
857:
802:
3148:
1340:, conservative groups in Peru used social media to spread
3483:"The work of economics: how a discipline makes its world"
2318:
2568:"How Peru Laid the Groundwork for an Oil Spill Disaster"
2375:
2264:"Operation Condor | international campaign | Britannica"
1181:", which promoted the exploitation of resources in the
711:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
6684:
Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
1309:
that saw civilians against an oil development in the
3625:
REDD+ Politics in the Media: A Case Study from Peru
2058:"La RepĂșblica AristocrĂĄtica: la generaciĂłn del 900"
1383:essential for the development of Peruvian history.
3870:"El fujimorismo versus El Comercio | EL MONTONERO"
2495:"THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN THE ANDES"
2314:"Commanding Heights : Peru Overview | on PBS"
1755:"Peru's Precarious Politics â The Crisis Deepens"
6785:
3928:"Las causas del apoyo electoral a VOX en españa"
3874:EL MONTONERO | Primer Portal de opiniĂłn del paĂs
2503:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1708:"Medical Marijuana Spreads Across South America"
3925:
2882:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 40, 41, 174.
2785:
2720:
1860:
1278:, who was supported by the military and made a
2753:
2186:
1191:conquering our wilderness as the United States
1043:movements that emerged after their countries'
828:. Right-wing groups in Peru typically espouse
4638:
4015:
3547:The Globalist | Biography of Hernando de Soto
2541:Fujimori became a kind of, well, a figurehead
2127:
1234:and subsequent overthrow of Velasco in 1975,
852:
767:
5549:
4601:
4543:
4496:
4482:
4473:
4444:
3760:Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas
2685:German Institute for Global and Area Studies
1507:to frighten conservative individuals with a
1416:. Peruvian investigative journalism website
6087:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
3810:"Battle Brews Over Media Influence in Peru"
3568:Orihuela, JosĂ© Carlos (JanuaryâJune 2020).
3513:
2841:
2714:
2523:"Questions And Answers: Mario Vargas Llosa"
2404:
2204:
1328:, Congress was dominated by the opposition
1204:, the BelaĂșnde administration targeted the
4022:
4008:
3629:Center for International Forestry Research
774:
760:
6581:
3982:
3947:
3843:PERĂ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (2019-12-20).
3498:
3361:
3310:
3197:
3151:""Terruqueo" and Peru's Fear of the Left"
2938:
2821:
2811:
2778:
2747:
2128:Altuve-Febres, FernĂĄn (31 October 2022).
2112:
2094:
1660:
1185:and other outlying areas of Peru through
1149:Through the early twentieth century, the
1133:
3964:
3599:
3567:
3480:
3292:
2984:
2896:
2200:
2198:
2026:
1783:
1551:(ILD), began to receive assistance from
1282:leader of Peru following his win in the
1137:
1110:occurring following the collapse of the
999:
856:
3516:"A Peruvian Is Laying Out Another Path"
3395:
3343:
3179:
3012:
2859:
2791:
2369:
1977:
1829:
1661:Adrianzén, Alberto (26 November 2019).
1613:Peru's media organizations control the
1404:The far-right Spanish political party,
6786:
3887:
3666:
3664:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3563:
3561:
3391:
3389:
3299:Revista Brasileira de CiĂȘncias Sociais
3066:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2481:
2285:
2283:
2153:
2151:
1973:
1971:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1214:removed from office by a military coup
988:of the majority and the elite holding
4003:
3293:Villalba, Fernando VelĂĄsquez (2022).
2420:
2380:. Lexington Books. pp. 114â118.
2205:Dourojeanni, Marc J. (12 June 2017).
2195:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1705:
995:
3971:Revista Española de Ciencia PolĂtica
3842:
3807:
3507:
3445:
3416:
3255:
2672:
2651:
2645:
2618:
2338:
2225:
2157:
3801:
3721:
3690:
3661:
3635:
3616:
3588:
3558:
3474:
3451:
3422:
3386:
3337:
3286:
3249:
3222:
3173:
3142:
3006:
2978:
2836:the nationalist far-right party Vox
2586:
2548:
2459:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2398:
2280:
2148:
2101:Hispanic American Historical Review
1914:
1864:Latin American Politics and Society
1549:Institute for Liberty and Democracy
1223:
592:Institute for Liberty and Democracy
13:
3774:
3747:
3013:Teruggi, Marco (20 October 2021).
2754:MartĂnez Riaza, AscensiĂłn (1994).
2626:"Democracy Is on the Line in Peru"
2421:Llosa, Mario Vargas (1994-03-27).
2413:
2332:
2231:
2075:
2055:
1948:
1891:
1877:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00248.x
1849:
1830:Mendoza, MarĂa Sosa (2021-12-06).
1777:
1367:Peruvian conservative philosopher
14:
6815:
3672:"MOM Peru â Findings: indicators"
3354:Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
3190:Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
2854:the far right Vox opposed the law
2792:Cabezas, Marta (1 January 2022).
2565:
2244:from the original on 10 June 2021
1391:
1371:held that Peru was essentially a
1179:The Conquest of Peru by Peruvians
1015:The Generation of 1900 (Spanish:
4029:
3926:Arroyo Menéndez, Millån (2020).
3344:Mendoza, Marina (1 March 2022).
3180:Mendoza, Marina (1 March 2022).
2863:Journal of International Affairs
1832:"Acerca de la izquierda en PerĂș"
1557:National Endowment for Democracy
1533:
1491:and other groups. Ultimately, a
741:
729:
40:
16:Overview of conservatism in Peru
6107:International Monarchist League
3862:
3836:
3540:
3115:
3088:
3060:
3033:
2985:Carvajal, Ălvaro (2020-12-27).
2699:
2306:
2256:
2121:
2095:ChavarrĂa, JesĂșs (1 May 1970).
2049:
2020:
1786:"PerĂș: la derecha o la derecha"
1386:
1289:
805:, characterized by support for
3919:
3643:"BTI 2022 Peru Country Report"
3600:Levitsky, Steven (Fall 2014).
3403:Council on Hemispheric Affairs
3396:Holland, Lynn (30 July 2014).
3259:Latin American Research Review
3067:Cabral, Ernesto (2021-01-12).
2721:Montoya Iriarte, Urpi (1998).
2405:Rospigliosi, Fernando (1996).
2359:10.1080/10714839.1998.11725657
1823:
1798:
1784:Chaparro, Amanda (June 2016).
1747:
1720:
1706:Tegel, Simeon (25 June 2019).
1699:
1673:
1654:
1518:
1307:2009 Peruvian political crisis
1284:1990 Peruvian general election
1153:held political power in Peru.
927:and that they belonged to the
1:
3487:European Journal of Sociology
2962:10.1080/23745118.2020.1793513
2950:European Politics and Society
2870:(2). New York City: 173â184.
2299:National Democratic Institute
2232:LR, RedacciĂłn (9 June 2018).
2027:Espinoza, G. Antonio (2013).
1942:University of the West Indies
1907:National Democratic Institute
1647:
1476:National Intelligence Service
1377:JosĂ© de la Riva-AgĂŒero y Osma
1360:
1169:character. In the same year,
1159:José Luis Bustamante y Rivero
1096:JosĂ© de la Riva-AgĂŒero y Osma
1092:Francisco GarcĂa CalderĂłn Rey
1010:JosĂ© de la Riva-AgĂŒero y Osma
6102:International Democrat Union
2652:Flannery, Nathaniel Parish.
2342:NACLA Report on the Americas
2158:Gott, Richard (2002-06-06).
1713:U.S. News & World Report
1555:'s administration, with the
1453:
875:Peruvian War of Independence
7:
6117:Tradition, Family, Property
1934:Social and Economic Studies
1348:of violence, especially on
1316:During the presidencies of
891:that defended the existing
10:
6820:
6489:Traditionalist Catholicism
3481:Mitchell, Timothy (2005).
1606:
1537:
1459:
1397:
1236:Francisco Morales BermĂșdez
1080:indigenous peoples of Peru
853:Beginnings of the Republic
847:
6804:Political history of Peru
6765:
6574:
6514:
6435:
6125:
6077:
6070:
5735:
5468:
5461:
5422:
5336:
5279:
5270:
5169:
5144:
5092:
5052:
5043:
4902:
4823:
4745:
4686:
4651:
4634:Italian school of elitism
4614:
4519:
4435:
4426:
4362:
4334:
4311:
4269:
4219:
4191:
4151:
4142:
4046:
4037:
3965:Ferreira, Carles (2019).
3903:Reporters Without Borders
3808:Dube, Ryan (2014-01-02).
3734:Reporters Without Borders
3703:Reporters Without Borders
3677:Reporters Without Borders
3500:10.1017/S000397560500010X
2207:"BelaĂșnde en la AmazonĂa"
2114:10.1215/00182168-50.2.257
1524:Environmental degradation
1355:
1173:founded the center-right
568:Cambio 90 â Nueva MayorĂa
143:Con mis hijos no te metas
6654:Catholic social teaching
3363:10.17163/uni.n36.2022.10
3199:10.17163/uni.n36.2022.10
3131:(in Spanish). 2021-10-25
3104:(in Spanish). 2021-09-25
3049:(in Spanish). 2021-11-14
2995:(in Spanish). p. 14
2940:10.3390/genealogy3040064
2607:(in Spanish). 2013-05-11
2134:. Penguin Random House.
1623:politically conservative
1602:
1466:In the 1990s, president
1270:economy controlled by a
445:Christian People's Party
132:Catholic social teaching
6604:Conservative liberalism
6092:European People's Party
3899:Media Ownership Monitor
2845:British Medical Journal
2806:(2). Chicago: 319â345.
2728:Revista de Antropologia
1760:Inter-American Dialogue
1106:, with his adoption of
1104:RaĂșl Porras Barrenechea
1033:National Reconstruction
1004:Peruvian historian and
970:During the time of the
797:) is a broad system of
736:Conservatism portal
493:Alliance for the Future
6097:Identity and Democracy
5550:
4639:
4602:
4544:
4497:
4483:
4474:
4445:
3729:"Country Profile Peru"
3706:. 2022. Archived from
2921:Gould, Robert (2019).
1590:2000s commodities boom
1369:VĂctor AndrĂ©s BelaĂșnde
1146:
1134:OdrĂa and BelaĂșnde era
1100:VĂctor AndrĂ©s BelaĂșnde
1016:
1012:
940:
921:social contract theory
862:
794:
525:Odriist National Union
83:Pragmatic conservatism
6757:Small-c conservatives
6669:Counter-revolutionary
6659:Conservative feminism
6551:Counter-Enlightenment
6506:Traditionalist School
3272:10.1353/lar.2006.0036
2599:"El Consenso de Lima"
1791:Le Monde diplomatique
1474:with the help of the
1322:Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
1218:Juan Velasco Alvarado
1151:Peruvian Armed Forces
1141:
1112:Aristocratic Republic
1063:system that accepted
1056:Manuel GonzĂĄlez Prada
1003:
936:
860:
842:Juan Velasco Alvarado
801:political beliefs in
688:Riva-AgĂŒero Institute
6799:Conservatism in Peru
6627:Anti-gender movement
6531:Bourbon Restauration
4784:National Catholicism
4499:RĂ©volution nationale
4464:Integral nationalism
3648:Bertelsmann Stiftung
3612:on 22 November 2014.
3460:. pp. 168â187.
3452:Pee, Robert (2018).
3431:. pp. 178â180.
3423:Pee, Robert (2018).
3312:10.1590/3710906/2022
2906:(12 November 2019).
2786:Arroyo Menéndez 2020
2351:Taylor & Francis
1586:Washington Consensus
840:in 2021 was that of
787:Conservatism in Peru
515:National Restoration
505:Constitutional Party
460:Peru Secure Homeland
304:Diez-Canseco (Pedro)
64:Liberal conservatism
33:Conservatism in Peru
6769:Conservatism portal
6733:Right-wing politics
6472:Jewish conservatism
6445:Christian democracy
5692:Social institutions
5498:Collective identity
5493:Class collaboration
5301:Clerico-nationalism
4850:Muscular liberalism
4183:Neoauthoritarianism
3984:10.21308/recp.51.03
3932:PolĂtica y Sociedad
3895:"Grupo El Comercio"
3815:Wall Street Journal
3574:Revista de historia
3350:Revista Universitas
3186:Revista Universitas
2880:The Far Right Today
2878:Mudde, Cas (2019).
2160:"Fernando BelaĂșnde"
1663:"Los conservadores"
1444:Rafael LĂłpez Aliaga
1157:led a coup against
1088:free market economy
1041:Spanish nationalist
1017:GeneraciĂłn del 1900
972:Chincha Islands War
917:popular sovereignty
871:Viceroyalty of Peru
832:beliefs. Historian
826:social conservatism
716:Viceroyalty of Peru
682:Other organizations
510:National Solidarity
354:Morales (Francisco)
309:Diez-Canseco (RaĂșl)
88:Social conservatism
6689:LGBTQ conservatism
6642:Black conservatism
6556:German Romanticism
6546:Conservative Order
6536:Congress of Vienna
6112:Muslim Brotherhood
5958:CorrĂȘa de Oliveira
5657:Organized religion
5586:Complementarianism
4673:National Democracy
3949:10.5209/poso.69206
3552:2006-09-11 at the
3520:The New York Times
3458:Palgrave Macmillan
3429:Palgrave Macmillan
3156:Americas Quarterly
2631:Human Rights Watch
2428:The New York Times
2419: •
2268:www.britannica.com
2033:Palgrave Macmillan
1262:; it involved the
1165:, nationalist and
1147:
1025:War of the Pacific
1013:
996:Generation of 1900
863:
329:Fujimori (Alberto)
246:Riva-AgĂŒero y Osma
6781:
6780:
6664:Conservative wave
6617:
6616:
6541:Concert of Europe
6477:Religious Zionism
6431:
6430:
6066:
6065:
5503:Cultural heritage
5476:Ancestral worship
5457:
5456:
5418:
5417:
5266:
5265:
5084:Orthodox Peronism
5039:
5038:
4539:Historical School
4422:
4421:
3582:ConcepciĂłn, Chile
3305:(109): e3710906.
2889:978-1-5095-3685-6
2731:(in Portuguese).
2634:. 24 January 2023
2387:978-0-7391-1358-5
1629:El Comercio Group
1448:Willax TelevisiĂłn
1379:, considered the
1311:Amazon rainforest
1183:Amazon rainforest
1171:Fernando BelaĂșnde
1116:Augusto B. LeguĂa
1029:Civil War of 1884
965:indirect election
784:
783:
662:Willax TelevisiĂłn
640:El Comercio Group
574:Republican Action
359:Morales (Remigio)
6811:
6738:Authoritarianism
6599:Communitarianism
6594:Clerical fascism
6579:
6578:
6455:Theoconservatism
6075:
6074:
5878:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
5687:Social hierarchy
5672:Private property
5555:
5466:
5465:
5277:
5276:
5060:Federal Peronism
5050:
5049:
4734:Pochvennichestvo
4711:Black-hundredism
4644:
4629:Historical Right
4607:
4549:
4502:
4488:
4479:
4450:
4447:Action Française
4433:
4432:
4149:
4148:
4044:
4043:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3961:
3951:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3849:El Comercio PerĂș
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3608:. Archived from
3597:
3586:
3585:
3565:
3556:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3365:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3314:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3201:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3037:
3031:
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3000:
2982:
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2697:
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2538:
2536:
2531:. 9 January 2001
2518:
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2155:
2146:
2145:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2092:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2056:Orrego, Juan L.
2053:
2047:
2046:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1975:
1946:
1945:
1929:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1858:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1634:Alberto Fujimori
1545:Hernando de Soto
1528:EscazĂș Agreement
1468:Alberto Fujimori
1428:Hernando de Soto
1303:Augusto Pinochet
1276:Alberto Fujimori
1240:Operation Condor
1224:Post-Velasco era
1203:
1054:The writings of
1051:, respectively.
811:social stability
776:
769:
762:
746:
745:
744:
734:
733:
732:
706:Operation Condor
334:Fujimori (Keiko)
44:
34:
19:
18:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6774:Politics portal
6761:
6613:
6570:
6516:
6510:
6450:Christian right
6427:
6353:Prat de la Riba
6121:
6062:
5731:
5677:Public morality
5647:Ordered liberty
5552:Noblesse oblige
5513:Culture of life
5508:Cultural values
5453:
5414:
5339:
5332:
5262:
5165:
5140:
5088:
5035:
4898:
4826:
4819:
4772:Carlo-francoism
4741:
4682:
4647:
4610:
4597:State Socialism
4515:
4485:Nouvelle Droite
4418:
4358:
4330:
4307:
4265:
4215:
4187:
4138:
4039:
4033:
4028:
3922:
3917:
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3802:
3793:
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3775:
3766:
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3748:
3739:
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3727:
3726:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3682:
3680:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3653:
3651:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3631:. pp. 5â8.
3621:
3617:
3598:
3589:
3566:
3559:
3554:Wayback Machine
3545:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3512:
3508:
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2624:
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2619:
2610:
2608:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2566:Tegel, Simeon.
2564:
2549:
2534:
2532:
2521:
2509:
2507:
2497:
2493:
2484:Financial Times
2464:
2462:
2453:
2441:
2439:
2418:
2414:
2403:
2399:
2388:
2374:
2370:
2337:
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2262:
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2257:
2247:
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2196:
2191:
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2178:
2176:
2156:
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2142:
2126:
2122:
2093:
2076:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2025:
2021:
1976:
1949:
1930:
1915:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1839:
1836:Jacobin Revista
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1611:
1605:
1597:social programs
1561:economic system
1542:
1536:
1521:
1509:status quo bias
1493:culture of fear
1485:reign of terror
1464:
1458:
1440:Popular Renewal
1402:
1396:
1389:
1365:
1358:
1326:MartĂn Vizcarra
1296:social democrat
1292:
1252:social-democrat
1226:
1216:led by general
1197:
1155:Manuel A. OdrĂa
1144:Manuel A. OdrĂa
1136:
1076:Civilista Party
1045:defeat in Sedan
998:
959:he drafted for
855:
850:
795:Conservadurismo
780:
748:Peru portal
742:
740:
730:
728:
721:
720:
701:
693:
692:
683:
675:
674:
635:
625:
624:
605:
597:
596:
587:
579:
578:
555:
547:
546:
481:Popular Renewal
440:Advance Country
432:
424:
423:
379:Prado Ugarteche
269:
261:
260:
211:
203:
202:
113:
105:
104:
52:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6817:
6807:
6806:
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6796:
6779:
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6730:
6725:
6724:
6723:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6679:Ethnopluralism
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6622:Anti-communism
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6566:Ultra-royalism
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6520:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6499:Ultramontanism
6496:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6441:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
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6015:
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6000:
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5990:
5985:
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5975:
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5965:
5960:
5955:
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5940:
5935:
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5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
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5885:
5880:
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5870:
5865:
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5855:
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5845:
5840:
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5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
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5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5712:State religion
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5576:Fundamentalism
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5547:
5542:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5442:National Right
5439:
5428:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5405:Traditionalist
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5350:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5285:
5283:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:Perezjimenismo
5248:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5228:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4808:Neocatholicism
4805:
4800:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4663:
4661:Golden Liberty
4657:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4555:
4553:Ordoliberalism
4550:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4511:Ultra-royalism
4508:
4503:
4494:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4354:Neo-Ottomanism
4351:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4288:
4283:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:Fundamentalist
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4129:Traditionalist
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3973:(in Spanish).
3962:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3901:(in Spanish).
3886:
3861:
3835:
3800:
3773:
3746:
3720:
3689:
3660:
3634:
3615:
3587:
3557:
3539:
3506:
3493:(2): 299â310.
3473:
3467:978-3319963815
3466:
3444:
3438:978-3319963815
3437:
3415:
3385:
3336:
3285:
3248:
3221:
3172:
3141:
3114:
3087:
3059:
3032:
3005:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2956:(3): 410â434.
2945:
2918:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2875:
2857:
2839:
2813:10.1086/716858
2777:
2762:(in Spanish).
2746:
2713:
2710:(39): 156â182.
2698:
2671:
2644:
2617:
2585:
2573:Foreign Policy
2547:
2545:
2544:
2519:
2491:
2479:
2412:
2397:
2386:
2368:
2331:
2305:
2279:
2255:
2240:(in Spanish).
2224:
2194:
2185:
2147:
2140:
2120:
2107:(2): 257â278.
2074:
2048:
2042:978-1137338402
2041:
2019:
1994:10.2307/980999
1988:(2): 205â217.
1947:
1913:
1890:
1848:
1822:
1810:BBC News Mundo
1797:
1776:
1746:
1719:
1698:
1672:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:Keiko Fujimori
1607:Main article:
1604:
1601:
1580:century since
1540:Lima Consensus
1535:
1532:
1520:
1517:
1511:, leftist and
1501:permanent hero
1460:Main article:
1457:
1452:
1436:Keiko Fujimori
1410:Madrid Charter
1408:, created the
1400:Madrid Charter
1398:Main article:
1395:
1393:Madrid Charter
1390:
1388:
1385:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1338:Pedro Castillo
1334:Keiko Fujimori
1318:Ollanta Humala
1291:
1288:
1272:military junta
1228:Following the
1225:
1222:
1195:Matsé genocide
1175:AcciĂłn Popular
1135:
1132:
997:
994:
953:RamĂłn Castilla
867:Spanish Empire
854:
851:
849:
846:
838:Pedro Castillo
834:Antonio Zapata
782:
781:
779:
778:
771:
764:
756:
753:
752:
751:
750:
738:
723:
722:
719:
718:
713:
708:
702:
700:Related topics
699:
698:
695:
694:
691:
690:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
671:
670:
668:Erasmo Wong Lu
658:
657:
656:
649:
636:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
617:
612:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
571:
564:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
495:
484:
483:
478:
473:
470:Popular Action
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
194:
188:
187:
186:
179:
177:Lima Consensus
169:
164:
163:
162:
159:Madrid Charter
148:
147:
146:
134:
129:
128:
127:
118:Anti-communism
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
90:
85:
80:
72:
70:Traditionalism
66:
61:
53:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6816:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6758:
6755:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6728:Right realism
6726:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6709:United States
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6699:Radical right
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6647:United States
6645:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6561:Holy Alliance
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6525:Ancien régime
6522:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6333:Pérez Jiménez
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6079:Organisations
6076:
6073:
6069:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5783:Chateaubriand
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:Intellectuals
5734:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:Family values
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:Ethical order
5559:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5348:Compassionate
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5335:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:North America
5269:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Latin America
5042:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4862:One-nationism
4860:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:Compassionate
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4766:Carloctavismo
4763:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:Ritter School
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4575:Revolutionary
4573:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:ShĆwa Statism
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:Paternalistic
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Authoritarian
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:International
4045:
4042:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3977:(51): 73â98.
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3804:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3710:on 2022-05-09
3709:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3698:"Peru | 2022"
3693:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:
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3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3562:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3390:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3158:
3157:
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3145:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3009:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2967:
2963:
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2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:Ferreira 2019
2895:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2847:
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2840:
2837:
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2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
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2787:
2781:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2708:Prisma Social
2702:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2542:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2461:. August 2002
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2335:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2302:. March 2005.
2301:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2192:Neira, p. 444
2189:
2175:
2171:
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2161:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2141:9786124256431
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2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
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2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1910:. March 2005.
1909:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1855:
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1837:
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1811:
1807:
1801:
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1635:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:public sphere
1610:
1609:Media in Peru
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1577:Carlos Boloña
1573:
1572:privatization
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:Ronald Reagan
1550:
1546:
1541:
1534:Neoliberalism
1531:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
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1486:
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1463:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:Popular Force
1429:
1425:
1424:Go on Country
1421:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1381:colonial past
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:Popular Force
1327:
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1319:
1314:
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1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
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1269:
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1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:. During the
1241:
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1188:
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890:
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884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
859:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:authoritarian
827:
822:
820:
816:
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808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
777:
772:
770:
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476:Popular Force
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210:Intellectuals
207:
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198:Republicanism
195:
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173:
172:Neoliberalism
170:
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137:Family values
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55:
54:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
6794:Conservatism
6694:Para-fascism
6674:Elite theory
6632:Anti-Masonry
6523:
6462:Confucianism
6238:John Paul II
6013:Solzhenitsyn
5722:Subsidiarity
5697:Social order
5437:Centre Right
5253:
5231:
5220:
5186:
5153:
5129:Patrianovism
5116:
5078:Nacionalismo
5076:
5064:
4812:
4795:
4764:
4732:
4665:
4624:Berlusconism
4563:Cameralistic
4476:Maurrassisme
4303:State Shinto
4292:Nippon Kaigi
4290:
4278:
4166:Confucianism
4031:Conservatism
3974:
3970:
3935:
3931:
3906:. Retrieved
3898:
3889:
3878:. Retrieved
3876:(in Spanish)
3873:
3864:
3853:. Retrieved
3851:(in Spanish)
3848:
3838:
3827:. Retrieved
3813:
3803:
3792:. Retrieved
3790:. 2021-06-28
3785:
3776:
3765:. Retrieved
3763:. 2021-05-19
3758:
3749:
3738:. Retrieved
3732:
3723:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:the original
3701:
3692:
3681:. Retrieved
3675:
3652:. Retrieved
3646:
3637:
3624:
3618:
3610:the original
3605:
3577:
3573:
3542:
3531:. Retrieved
3519:
3509:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3453:
3447:
3424:
3418:
3407:. Retrieved
3401:
3349:
3339:
3331:
3324:. Retrieved
3302:
3298:
3288:
3266:(3): 32â62.
3263:
3257:
3251:
3240:. Retrieved
3238:(in Spanish)
3233:
3224:
3185:
3175:
3166:
3160:. Retrieved
3154:
3144:
3133:. Retrieved
3128:La Republica
3126:
3117:
3106:. Retrieved
3101:La RepĂșblica
3099:
3090:
3079:. Retrieved
3077:(in Spanish)
3072:
3062:
3051:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3024:. Retrieved
3018:
3008:
2997:. Retrieved
2990:
2980:
2953:
2949:
2930:
2926:
2913:The Guardian
2911:
2899:, p. 73
2879:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2823:10486/705756
2803:
2797:
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2763:
2759:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2732:
2726:
2716:
2707:
2701:
2690:. Retrieved
2683:
2674:
2663:. Retrieved
2657:
2647:
2636:. Retrieved
2629:
2620:
2609:. Retrieved
2604:La Republica
2602:
2577:. Retrieved
2571:
2540:
2533:. Retrieved
2526:
2515:
2508:. Retrieved
2501:
2487:
2470:
2463:. Retrieved
2446:
2440:. Retrieved
2426:
2415:
2406:
2400:
2391:
2377:
2371:
2362:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2323:. Retrieved
2317:
2308:
2297:
2271:. Retrieved
2267:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2238:La RepĂșblica
2237:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2213:(in Spanish)
2210:
2188:
2177:. Retrieved
2165:The Guardian
2163:
2130:
2123:
2104:
2100:
2066:. Retrieved
2064:(in Spanish)
2061:
2051:
2028:
2022:
2013:
1985:
1981:The Americas
1979:
1937:
1933:
1905:
1893:
1868:
1862:
1840:. Retrieved
1838:(in Spanish)
1835:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1812:(in Spanish)
1809:
1800:
1789:
1779:
1771:
1765:. Retrieved
1763:. 2023-01-10
1758:
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1736:. 2022-07-16
1731:
1722:
1711:
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1684:
1675:
1666:
1656:
1627:
1619:economically
1612:
1594:
1568:deregulation
1565:
1543:
1522:
1504:
1496:
1489:Shining Path
1480:
1471:
1465:
1454:
1417:
1414:Donald Trump
1409:
1403:
1392:
1387:Anti-leftism
1366:
1361:
1344:and for the
1315:
1293:
1290:21st century
1229:
1227:
1178:
1148:
1120:
1073:
1053:
1014:
983:
969:
961:Pope Pius IX
947:
941:
937:
933:
902:
896:
886:
864:
823:
815:social order
799:conservative
786:
785:
660:
651:
644:
604:Commentators
566:
559:
539:
520:New Majority
497:
486:
485:
465:Podemos PerĂș
455:Peru Nationâ
434:
349:LĂłpez-Aliaga
324:Flores-ArĂĄoz
181:
157:
150:
141:
122:
75:
56:
31:
6716:Reactionary
6637:Aristocracy
6609:Corporatism
6589:Agrarianism
6494:Integralism
6188:Diefenbaker
6126:Politicians
6048:Tocqueville
5763:Buckley Jr.
5717:Stewardship
5707:Sovereignty
5682:Rule of law
5630:Conventions
5620:Nationalism
5598:Imperialism
5581:Gender role
5566:Familialism
5545:Meritocracy
5540:Aristocracy
5486:Traditional
5449:New Zealand
5353:Libertarian
5161:Pinochetism
5155:Gremialismo
5112:Integralism
5102:Bolsonarism
5066:Maurrasismo
5026:Switzerland
4979:Netherlands
4872:Thatcherism
4814:Noucentisme
4728:Slavophilia
4701:Eurasianism
4592:Romanticism
4558:Prussianism
4546:Neue Rechte
4454:Bonapartism
4313:South Korea
4259:Revisionist
4211:Principlist
4114:Reactionary
4109:Progressive
4059:Corporatist
3942:: 693â717.
3920:Works cited
3356:: 243â268.
3192:: 243â268.
2455:"Spymaster"
1871:(3): 1â33.
1638:Alan GarcĂa
1582:technocrats
1519:Environment
1513:progressive
1313:massacred.
1299:Alan GarcĂa
1256:Alan GarcĂa
1244:Lost Decade
1198: [
1065:natural law
1021:nationalism
985:indigenismo
944:natural law
879:aristocrats
646:El Comercio
586:Think tanks
394:Riva-AgĂŒero
374:Prado Ochoa
268:Politicians
216:Barrenechea
58:Centralismo
6788:Categories
6582:Ideologies
6517:background
6515:Historical
6303:Metternich
6278:Mannerheim
6153:Berlusconi
5883:La Mennais
5813:Dostoevsky
5788:Chesterton
5702:Solidarity
5667:Patriotism
5652:Organicism
5608:Monarchism
5525:Discipline
5469:Principles
5462:Philosophy
5250:Venezuela
5226:Fujimorism
5124:Monarchist
5107:Coronelism
5014:Monarchist
5002:Monarchist
4974:Luxembourg
4940:Monarchist
4835:Cameronism
4706:Monarchist
4641:Sanfedismo
4469:Legitimism
4370:Bangladesh
4349:ErdoÄanism
4344:Democratic
4206:Monarchist
4201:Khomeinism
3908:2021-07-07
3880:2023-04-08
3855:2023-04-08
3829:2021-07-07
3794:2021-07-07
3767:2021-07-07
3740:2022-05-09
3714:2022-05-09
3683:2022-05-09
3654:2022-05-09
3533:2020-09-26
3409:2022-02-23
3326:18 January
3242:2021-11-18
3162:2021-11-18
3135:2021-12-12
3108:2021-12-07
3081:2021-12-07
3074:OjoPĂșblico
3053:2021-12-07
3046:OjoPĂșblico
3026:2021-12-07
2999:2021-12-07
2904:Mudde, Cas
2739:30 January
2692:2022-12-09
2665:2022-12-09
2638:2023-01-27
2611:2022-02-23
2579:2022-02-23
2442:2023-03-24
2325:2023-04-06
2273:2023-03-25
2217:14 October
2179:2023-04-05
2068:2023-04-07
1944:: 292â319.
1842:2024-05-20
1816:2023-04-07
1767:2023-06-06
1740:2022-07-16
1692:2023-04-05
1648:References
1538:See also:
1472:terruqueos
1419:OjoPĂșblico
1362:Hispanismo
1346:incitement
1280:figurehead
1268:neoliberal
1260:Plan Verde
1254:President
1248:neoliberal
1142:President
1127:positivist
1084:capitalism
1069:secularism
980:plutocracy
913:divine law
885:headed by
554:Coalitions
472:(factions)
414:de Vivanco
192:Patriotism
183:Plan Verde
167:Militarism
152:Hispanidad
112:Principles
98:Fujimorism
51:Ideologies
6413:de Valera
6373:Salisbury
6318:Netanyahu
6273:Macdonald
6243:KaczyĆski
6223:de Gaulle
6183:Churchill
6163:Bolsonaro
6148:Andreotti
5988:Santayana
5953:Oakeshott
5913:Mansfield
5793:Coleridge
5743:Bainville
5727:Tradition
5662:Orthodoxy
5481:Authority
5432:Australia
5395:Reaganism
5385:Old Right
5368:Tea Party
5358:Fusionism
5244:Herrerism
5206:Guatemala
5053:Argentina
4992:Miguelist
4988:Portugal
4867:Powellism
4791:Integrism
4779:Francoism
4755:Alfonsism
4678:Sarmatism
4568:Socialist
4506:Sarkozysm
4492:Orléanism
4412:Chiangism
4402:Singapore
4375:Hong Kong
4326:New Right
4254:Religious
4161:Chiangism
4119:Religious
4104:Pragmatic
4040:by region
3993:2173-9870
3958:241063503
3824:0099-9660
3584:: 77â100.
3528:0362-4331
3380:247116260
3372:1390-8634
3321:251877338
3280:146449265
3216:247116260
3208:1390-8634
3020:PĂĄgina 12
2970:225618005
2933:(4): 64.
2927:Genealogy
2832:244923080
2760:Historica
2437:0362-4331
2353:: 35â41.
2174:0261-3077
2062:Blog PUCP
2010:147018873
1885:153626617
1505:terruqueo
1497:terruqueo
1481:terruqueo
1462:Terruqueo
1455:Terruqueo
1342:fake news
1220:in 1968.
1167:pragmatic
1060:anarchism
990:Europhile
957:concordat
929:Dark Ages
925:despotism
909:theocracy
897:haciendas
893:feudalist
888:caudillos
883:oligarchy
561:Cambio 21
541:SĂ Cumple
535:Peru 2000
499:Cambio 90
404:Salaverry
344:Galarreta
314:Echenique
294:Barnechea
236:Osterling
124:Terruqueo
6748:European
6484:Islamism
6467:Hindutva
6437:Religion
6408:Vajpayee
6398:Trujillo
6393:Thatcher
6383:Stolypin
6338:Pinochet
6253:Khomeini
6248:Khamenei
6218:Fujimori
6203:Dollfuss
6193:Disraeli
6158:Bismarck
6143:Adenauer
6071:Politics
6058:Voegelin
6028:Spengler
5998:Schlegel
5963:Peterson
5923:Menéndez
5898:Leontiev
5868:Karamzin
5843:Hitchens
5613:Royalism
5518:Pro-Life
5410:Trumpism
5375:Movement
5294:Trumpism
5289:Populism
5240:Uruguay
5233:Odriismo
5182:Colombia
5136:Populism
5072:Menemism
4998:Romania
4957:Populist
4952:Metaxism
4936:Georgia
4797:Mellismo
4723:Putinism
4696:Duginism
4604:Völkisch
4534:Hegelian
4529:Agrarian
4459:Gaullism
4390:Pakistan
4385:Malaysia
4321:Ilminism
4239:Kahanism
4099:Populist
4089:National
4084:Moderate
4064:Cultural
3550:Archived
3235:BBC News
2992:El Mundo
2770:13 April
2535:25 March
2528:Newsweek
2510:25 March
2465:29 March
2242:Archived
1686:NBC News
1667:Quehacer
1264:genocide
1187:conquest
1163:populist
1031:and the
949:caudillo
819:Colombia
809:values,
807:Catholic
419:Williams
289:BelaĂșnde
274:Ataucusi
231:Cipriani
226:CalderĂłn
221:BelaĂșnde
93:Populism
77:Odriismo
24:a series
22:Part of
6575:Related
6423:Zemmour
6388:Suharto
6368:Salazar
6298:Metaxas
6293:Menzies
6288:Maurras
6208:ErdoÄan
6198:Dmowski
6173:Canning
6168:GW Bush
6038:Strauss
6008:Scruton
6003:Schmitt
5993:Savigny
5978:Rivarol
5948:Novalis
5918:Maurras
5908:Maistre
5893:Le Play
5858:Johnson
5778:Carlyle
5773:Burnham
5748:Barruel
5635:Customs
5603:Loyalty
5535:Elitism
5424:Oceania
5311:Toryism
5221:Peruvia
5194:Uribism
5188:Rojismo
5118:Janismo
5031:Ukraine
4969:Iceland
4964:Hungary
4932:Finland
4927:Denmark
4915:Belgium
4910:Austria
4877:Toryism
4827:Kingdom
4803:Maurism
4760:Carlism
4716:Tsarism
4667:Kaczyzm
4521:Germany
4280:Minzoku
4244:Zionism
4079:Liberal
4038:Schools
3787:Reuters
3606:ReVista
2474:Shifter
1940:(2/3).
1733:Reuters
1487:of the
1373:mestizo
1294:Former
1231:Tacnazo
1123:liberal
1108:fascism
1047:and in
1006:fascist
905:elitism
848:History
791:Spanish
653:PerĂș.21
610:Butters
431:Parties
409:SĂĄnchez
384:RamĂrez
369:Olachea
339:Gamarra
299:CĂĄceres
6704:Europe
6363:Reagan
6348:Powell
6308:Mobutu
6283:Marcos
6263:Le Pen
6233:Horthy
6228:Harper
6213:Franco
6178:Chiang
6053:Uvarov
6018:Sowell
5943:Nisbet
5938:Newman
5933:MĂŒller
5888:Le Bon
5863:JĂŒnger
5838:Haller
5828:Fardid
5808:DĂĄvila
5803:Cortés
5758:Bonald
5753:Belloc
5593:Honour
5400:Social
5340:States
5338:United
5306:Social
5281:Canada
5230:
5216:Panama
5211:Mexico
5177:Belize
5094:Brazil
5021:Sweden
5009:Serbia
4984:Norway
4947:Greece
4920:Rexism
4892:Social
4825:United
4688:Russia
4653:Poland
4437:France
4428:Europe
4407:Taiwan
4395:Ziaism
4336:Turkey
4234:Jewish
4221:Israel
4124:Social
4069:Fiscal
3991:
3956:
3940:Madrid
3822:
3526:
3464:
3435:
3378:
3370:
3352:(36).
3319:
3278:
3214:
3206:
3188:(36).
2968:
2886:
2830:
2688:. 2021
2659:Forbes
2506:. 2001
2435:
2384:
2248:27 May
2172:
2138:
2039:
2008:
2002:980999
2000:
1883:
1438:, and
1356:Themes
1350:TikTok
1210:napalm
1206:Matsés
1098:, and
1086:and a
1049:Cavite
1037:French
1027:, the
873:. The
487:Former
450:FREPAP
435:Active
319:Flores
284:Bedoya
256:Vargas
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