675:, as the waters rose during the early morning hours of June 24 within 5 feet (1.52 m) of topping the dam (a record crest of 111.5 ft (34.0 m), 3 feet (0.91 m) above normal level for the entire 14-mile (23 km) long Conowingo Reservoir.) Paul English, dam superintendent, released a bulletin at 10:30 p.m. on June 23 saying that the water levels were reaching a point at which the stability of the dam "cannot be controlled. When it reaches 111 feet (33.8 m)...it will be in the hazy area...It is not known...whether a structure of the dam may give and...people downstream should be advised." At this time, the flow sensor in the dam recorded its record discharge of 1,130,000 cu ft/s (32,000 m/s), and the stream height gauge, at the dam's downstream side, registered a record 36.85 feet (11.23 m). On January 20, 1996, the gauge recorded its second-highest recorded crest of 34.18 feet (10.42 m). A severe
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664:, starting at the northeastern end of the powerhouse and spanning the majority of the dam. The floodgates are operated by three overhead cranes rated for 60 short tons (53.6 long tons; 54.4 t) each which were originally built by the Morgan Engineering Company of Ohio. The cranes run on rails the length of the dam and are electrically powered from lines that run above the face of the dam. A 4th crane was installed in 2006 at the powerhouse end of the rails, which required installing new power rails below the existing power wires. By 2017, all original overhead cranes had been replaced. The original Morgan cranes were removed and scrapped. The new cranes have backup generators installed on them to allow operation during a facility grid power failure.
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566:, who did the design. Construction, which started in 1926, was carried out by the Arundel Corporation of Maryland. (Abandoned railroad tracks for transporting heavy equipment to the dam site can be seen along the western shore of the river below the dam.) When completed in 1928, it was the second-largest hydroelectric project by power output in the United States after
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Some 5,000 workers flocked to this rural northeastern corner of
Maryland, seeking to earn good pay as construction got underway. In addition to those working directly on the dam, large numbers relocated railroad tracks, paved new roads, and constructed steel towers to stretch the heavy transmission
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aired its documentary, "Conowingo Dam: Power on the
Susquehanna" for Chesapeake Bay Week in April 2016, the question came up about how many workers died performing their duties. While investigating the death of Hunter H. Bettis on November 26, 1927, Darlington Coroner Wiliam B. Selse commented in
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in time for the 2000 season. During the 2000 migration season, 153,000 American shad passed through the
Conowingo fish lift. "However, passage rates of shad from Conowingo to Holtwood have been only 30 to 50 percent, suggesting that fish are having difficulty moving upstream in the waters of the
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running on the eastern shore). In 1978, four higher-capacity turbines were added. Each of these turbines drives a 65-megawatt generator, increasing the dam's electrical output capacity from 252 to 548 megawatts. The four newer turbines are in the open air section at the northeast end of the
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The dam supports a 9,000-acre reservoir, which today covers the original town of
Conowingo. During dam construction, the town was moved to its present location about 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of the dam's eastern end. The rising water also would have covered
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The dam was built with 11 turbine sites, although only 7 turbines were initially installed, driving generators each rated for 36 megawatts. A turbine house, on the southwestern end of the dam, encloses these seven units. One additional "house" unit provides 25
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The three dams are also involved with another ecological concern. Normally, the reservoirs above each dam trap sediment and nutrients that run off from the
Susquehanna River watershed and prevent some of that from reaching the Chesapeake Bay. A 1998
578:, which guaranteed the right to a safe job. While these men struggled to earn a living, many suffered disabling injuries handling high voltage electric lines, tumbling from high elevations, managing explosives, encountering venomous snakes, etc.
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that more than twenty men had lost their lives. In an attempt to create a registry or census of job-related fatalities, death certificates, newspaper accounts, and funeral home books were examined. Fourteen individuals were identified.
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903:, from swimming further up the Susquehanna River to spawn. In 1984, a fish capture feature was added at Conowingo and shad were trucked upstream above all three dams and released. This program ended in 1999. A
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study suggests that the reservoirs may reach capacity before 2020, and cease to reduce the nutrient and sediment load hitting the bay. However, the scouring of major floods, and other factors, affect this.
697:. The Susquehanna River saw water levels of over 26.25 feet (8.00 m), placing nearby cities, like Port Deposit, at risk of flooding like in 2011. The ecological impact of this event is not known, but
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ecologists are concerned about the health of the
Chesapeake Bay with the influx of sediment and limiting nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, impacting water clarity and promoting
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also developed behind the dam on this date. The record minimum recorded discharge was on March 2, 1969, when the flow sensor registered 144 cu ft/s (4.1 m/s).
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conditions, balancing the desire to maintain the reservoir level with the water flow needs for the downstream ecology is one of the challenges faced by the dam operators.
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issued warnings for all vessels in the
Chesapeake Bay regarding the fields of debris, floating and submerged, that had been released when the floodgates opened.
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The river water impounded by the dam forms the 14-mile (23 km) long
Conowingo Reservoir, known locally as Conowingo Lake. The reservoir is used as a
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On July 26, 2018, 20 of the 53 floodgates were opened due to rising floodwaters resulting from several days of torrential downpours in the
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powerhouse. The generators produce power at 13,800 volts. This is stepped up to 220,000 volts for transmission, primarily to the
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686:. The Susquehanna River level behind the dam was 32.41 feet (9.88 m), the third-highest in history. The town of
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Through subsidiaries and mergers, the dam is now operated by the
Susquehanna Electric Company, which is part of
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is one of the largest non-federal hydroelectric dams in the U.S., and the largest dam in the state of
Maryland.
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1187:"FERC Renews Conowingo Dam's Operating License, Preserving Maryland's Largest Source of Renewable Energy"
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1322:"Hogan Administration Announces Statewide Response Efforts for Potential Conowingo Dam Impacts"
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crossing, so it was demolished in 1927. U.S. Route 1 now crosses over the top of the dam.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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On September 9, 2011, 44 flood gates were opened due to the impact of the remnants of
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1343:"Conowingo Dam High Flow Threatens Chesapeake Bay Pollution Goals, Ignites Tensions"
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Maryland Public Television. Promo Video: Conowingo Dam: Power on the Susquehanna
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lines toward Philadelphia. This was nearly fifty years before Congress passed the
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1045:"History Matters! Interpretive Plan for the Lower Susquehanna Heritage Greenway"
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power for the dam's electric railroad system (identical to that used by the
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1143:"On Labor Day: Remembering Those Who Died While Building the Conowingo Dam"
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1296:"Waiting is over for Maryland river towns, as Susquehanna waters recede"
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Parts of this article (those related to amount of sediment) need to be
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In 1936, all the floodgates were opened for the first time. During
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1396:"Migratory Fish Restoration and Passage On the Susquehanna River"
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1231:. Low Impact Hydropower Institute. June 23, 2008. Archived from
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was installed in 1991. All three dams completed installation of
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Conowingo Dam, seen downstream from the southwest shore of the
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further upstream, stopped migratory fish species, especially
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license for the dam was issued in 2021 and expires in 2071.
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area. The dam contributed 2.1 million megawatt-hours to the
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1270:"Historical Crests for Susquehanna River at Conowingo Dam"
1521:
1092:"Visitors get to see the inner workings of Conowingo Dam"
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and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
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NWS Flood Stage Info. for Susquehanna River at Conowingo
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690:, located 5 miles southeast of the dam, was evacuated.
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The Conowingo Hydroelectric Station would be a primary
1398:. Safe Harbor Water Power Corporation. Archived from
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power grid ever had a widespread emergency shutdown (
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Buildings and structures in Harford County, Maryland
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Safe Harbor Water Power Corporation, Conestoga, PA.
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List of dams and reservoirs of the Susquehanna River
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476:The dam sits about 9.9 miles (16 km) from the
1974:Buildings and structures in Cecil County, Maryland
1477:- Virtual tour with interior pictures and diagrams
558:awarded the construction contract for the dam to
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1229:"Conowingo Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 405)"
1489:An introduction to the MPT one-hour documentary
864:View north on US 1 just before crossing the dam
527:Construction and hydroelectric power generation
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891:The Conowingo Dam, and to a lesser extent the
488:border and 45 miles (72 km) northeast of
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1806:Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility
1254:http://www.portdeposit.org/?a=history_detail
35:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
523:, provide many recreational opportunities.
106:Dam in Cecil and Harford counties, Maryland
50:and maintains a consistent citation style.
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1473:Thinkquest (Oracle Education Foundation).
430:Conowingo Hydroelectric Generating Station
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1118:"Conowingo Dam: Power on the Susquehanna"
551:, was originally known as Smyth's Falls.
547:The area, which appears on a 1612 map by
92:Learn how and when to remove this message
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538:
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1969:Energy infrastructure completed in 1928
1469:Conowingo Dam real-time water flow data
882:Peach Bottom Nuclear Generating Station
1989:Hydroelectric power plants in Maryland
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1943:Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative
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149:Location of Conowingo Dam in Maryland
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1692:Philadelphia Road Generating Station
1256:and The Baltimore Sun, June 24, 1972
1076:"A Hydro Plant That Rivals Niagara."
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627:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
15:
2034:Reservoirs on the Susquehanna River
484:, 5 miles (8 km) south of the
332:71,000 acre⋅ft (0.088 km)
324:310,000 acre⋅ft (0.38 km)
42:Please consider converting them to
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2039:United States privately owned dams
1543:Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge
1005:List of power stations in Maryland
576:Occupational Safety and Health Act
14:
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1933:Old Dominion Electric Cooperative
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713:Ecology and environmental impacts
123:Conowingo Dam, aerial view (1936)
2009:United States power company dams
1746:Rock Springs Generation Facility
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1475:"Conowingo Hydroelectric Plant."
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1364:"CONOWINGO POOL MANAGEMENT PLAN"
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656:Spillway on east side of the dam
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2024:1928 establishments in Maryland
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1208:"Exelon Corporation: Conowingo"
448:Conowingo Hydroelectric Station
161:Conowingo Hydroelectric Station
1729:Notch Cliff Generating Station
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1994:Dams on the Susquehanna River
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1147:Window on Cecil County's Past
1050:. p. 162. Archived from
1024:"PRR Chronology 1926 (citing
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636:power source if the regional
556:Philadelphia Electric Company
469:. The medium-height, masonry
444:Conowingo Hydroelectric Plant
353:Maximum water depth
1732:Panda Brandywine Power Plant
303:4,648 ft (1,417 m)
259:Susquehanna Electric Company
7:
1750:Westport Generating Station
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880:; as cooling water for the
364:109.2 ft (33.3 m)
340:9,000 acres (3,600 ha)
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1658:Oil-fired peaking stations
1480:National Weather Service.
1122:Maryland Public Television
583:Maryland Public Television
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1467:U.S. Geological Survey.
1422:"USGS Fact Sheet 003-98"
492:, on the border between
242:1926 (completed in 1928)
1081:, November 1930, p. 49.
1079:Popular Science Monthly
990:Renewable energy portal
878:Chester Water Authority
839:20 ft (6.1 m)
415:Installed capacity
356:105 ft (32 m)
348:14 mi (23 km)
239:Construction began
2029:Reservoirs in Maryland
1788:Criterion Wind Project
1443:"How Fish Lifts Work."
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521:Susquehanna State Park
409:7 x 36 MWe, 4 x 65 MWe
295:94 ft (29 m)
1927:Washington Metro Area
1169:"eGrid Data Explorer"
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603:Pennsylvania Railroad
554:On January 23, 1925,
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361:Normal elevation
271:Type of dam
215:39.66000°N 76.17389°W
1705:Natural gas stations
1464:at Wikimedia Commons
1402:on December 30, 2007
1098:. September 21, 2015
1057:on February 24, 2006
760:Conowingo Dam bridge
623:Constellation Energy
384:Commission date
378:Constellation Energy
329:Active capacity
1874:PJM Interconnection
1606:generating stations
1276:on February 5, 2012
1149:. September 7, 2015
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662:flood control gates
560:Stone & Webster
517:Conowingo Reservoir
345:Maximum length
321:Total capacity
316:Conowingo Reservoir
220:39.66000; -76.17389
211: /
1758:Hydroelectric dams
1711:Easton Power Plant
1674:Easton Power Plant
1517:Norman Wood Bridge
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684:Tropical Storm Lee
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912:Conowingo pool."
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589:The Baltimore Sun
543:Aerial view, 1931
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461:near the town of
459:Susquehanna River
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337:Surface area
286:Susquehanna River
265:Dam and spillways
247:Opening date
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52:Several templates
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1979:Dams in Maryland
1937:Western Maryland
1907:Central Maryland
1887:Waste Management
1836:Energy terminals
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789:39.66°N 76.17°W
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2019:Masonry dams
2004:U.S. Route 1
1882:Talen Energy
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1428:November 28,
1426:. Retrieved
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68:Citation bot
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1878:Raven Power
1715:Chalk Point
1665:Chalk Point
1648:Warrior Run
1604:Coal-fired
1406:February 8,
1192:November 3,
1153:February 4,
1127:February 4,
872:supply for
792: /
767:Coordinates
707:Coast Guard
634:black start
478:river mouth
471:gravity dam
374:Operator(s)
276:Gravity dam
234:Operational
218: /
194:Coordinates
82:August 2022
1963:Categories
1869:NRG Energy
1843:Cove Point
1780:Wind farms
1770:Deep Creek
1683:Morgantown
1637:Morgantown
1539:Downstream
1011:References
909:fish lifts
844:Statistics
742:April 2023
549:John Smith
500:counties.
206:76°10′26″W
203:39°39′36″N
186:counties,
48:verifiable
1896:Companies
1852:Operators
1765:Conowingo
1741:Riverside
1670:Dickerson
1633:Luke Mill
1624:Dickerson
905:fish lift
874:Baltimore
822:ID number
815:US 1
618:in 2021.
490:Baltimore
463:Conowingo
308:Reservoir
33:bare URLs
1917:Delmarva
1736:Perryman
1688:Perryman
1650:(closed)
1644:(closed)
1620:(closed)
1597:Maryland
1513:Upstream
1380:July 22,
1102:March 9,
1061:July 15,
946:See also
893:Holtwood
876:and the
642:blackout
467:Maryland
405:Turbines
282:Impounds
255:Owner(s)
188:Maryland
176:Location
37:link rot
886:drought
805:Carries
780:76°10′W
777:39°40′N
732:updated
677:ice jam
498:Harford
480:at the
425:Website
419:548 MWe
313:Creates
184:Harford
166:Country
2014:Exelon
1864:Exelon
1725:Wagner
1696:Vienna
1678:Wagner
1629:Wagner
1424:. 1998
753:Bridge
705:. The
564:Boston
442:(also
300:Length
292:Height
231:Status
57:reFill
1923:Pepco
1642:Smith
1618:Crane
1374:(PDF)
1367:(PDF)
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1031:(PDF)
836:Width
581:When
494:Cecil
180:Cecil
31:uses
1430:2009
1408:2008
1382:2006
1350:2018
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1308:2011
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1194:2022
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1063:2006
918:USGS
895:and
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515:The
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393:Type
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250:1928
182:and
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