239:
can be performed once the active condylar growth has finished in some cases. The point of this surgery to wait as long as the condyle is growing and only do surgery when the condyle stops growing, so the chances of any worsening of facial asymmetry lessens. This option, however, does include a person
139:
and Makek classified condylar hyperplasia into three categories, listed in the table below. Type 1 develops its characteristics from the horizontal vector, and Type 2 develops its characteristics from the vertical vector. Type 1 CH occurs much more common (15x) than Type 2 CH. Wolford et al. in 2014,
94:
Condylar hyperplasia has an unknown cause. Several theories exist in literature which related to the cause of condylar hyperplasia. One theory states that an event of a trauma leading to increase in number of repair mechanism and hormones in that area may lead to increase in growth of mandible on
123:
are taken along with other data before a patient is diagnosed for
Condylar Hyperplasia. In SPECT imaging, an increase uptake of the isotope is seen on the affected in comparison to the non-affected side. A difference of at least 10% or a minimum ratio of 55% to 45% uptake of
794:
Pereira-Santos, Darklilson; De Melo, Willian Morais; Souza, Francisley Avila; de Moura, Walter Leal; Cravinhos, Julio César de Paulo (July 2013). "High condylectomy procedure: a valuable resource for surgical management of the mandibular condylar hyperplasia".
85:
In 1986, Obwegeser and Makek specifically detailed two hemimandibular anomalies, hemimandibular hyperplasia and hemimandibular elongation. These anomalies can be clinically present in a pure form or in combination.
140:
developed an updated classification of condylar hyperplasia. In 1986, Slootweg & Muller devised a histopathological classification which allows the condylar tissues to be classified into specific categories.
62:
which are known as growth centers of the mandible. When growth at the condyle exceeds its normal time span, it is referred to as condylar hyperplasia. The most common form of condylar hyperplasia is
838:
Wolford, Larry M.; Mehra, Pushkar; Reiche-Fischel, Oscar; Morales-Ryan, Carlos A.; García-Morales, Patricia (February 2002). "Efficacy of high condylectomy for management of condylar hyperplasia".
665:
Hodder, S. C.; Rees, J. I.; Oliver, T. B.; Facey, P. E.; Sugar, A. W. (April 2000). "SPECT bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of mandibular condylar hyperplasia".
314:
Landesberg, R.; Proctor, R. L.; Rosier, R. N.; Puzas, J. E. (1995-01-01). "The mandibular condylar growth center: Separation and characterization of the cellular elements".
128:
is seen when comparing affected vs non-affected side respectively. An uptake of more than 55% and difference of at least 10% indicates an active condylar growth.
244:
can also be done which involves removing part of the growing condyle to arrest any active growth. Sometimes condylectomy can be done in conjunction with
265:
Olate, Sergio; Netto, Henrique Duque; Rodriguez-Chessa, Jaime; Alister, Juan Pablo; de
Albergaria-Barbosa, Jose; de Moraes, Márcio (2013-09-25).
99:
can lead to increase in expression of bone forming molecules. Condylar hyperplasia predominantly affects women with 64% of patients being women.
241:
58:. It was first described by Robert Adams in 1836 who related it to the overdevelopment of mandible. In humans, the mandibular bone has two
708:
Wolford, Larry M.; Movahed, Reza; Perez, Daniel E. (2014-03-01). "A classification system for conditions causing condylar hyperplasia".
112:
521:
Scapino, Robert P. (1983-04-01). "Histopathology associated with malposition of the human temporomandibular joint disc".
413:
Olate, Sergio; Almeida, Andrés; Alister, Juan Pablo; Navarro, Pablo; Netto, Henrique Duque; de Moraes, Márcio (2013).
248:
repositioning and orthognathic surgery to treat patients with mandibular hyperplasia, such as shown by
Wolford et al.
751:
Slootweg, P. J.; Müller, H. (August 1986). "Condylar hyperplasia. A clinico-pathological analysis of 22 cases".
107:
Diagnosis of asymmetry can be done through many different methods. PA cephalometry, panoramic radiograph, and
116:
240:
living with the facial asymmetry features all the way up until 18 to 19 years of age. A procedure called
111:
are some of the techniques that can be used for diagnosis. Primarily nuclear imaging techniques such as
370:
Obwegeser, H. L.; Makek, M. S. (1986-08-01). "Hemimandibular hyperplasia--hemimandibular elongation".
415:"Facial asymmetry and condylar hyperplasia: considerations for diagnosis in 27 consecutives patients"
96:
82:. It is estimated that about 30% of people with facial asymmetry express condylar hyperplasia.
887:
236:
8:
464:"Management of patients with condylar hyperplasia: A diverse experience with 18 patients"
590:
557:
498:
463:
439:
414:
347:
291:
266:
764:
383:
863:
855:
820:
812:
776:
768:
733:
725:
690:
682:
647:
639:
595:
577:
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534:
503:
485:
444:
426:
395:
387:
339:
331:
296:
278:
120:
847:
804:
760:
717:
674:
629:
585:
569:
530:
493:
475:
434:
379:
351:
323:
286:
67:
808:
108:
721:
573:
245:
136:
125:
71:
881:
859:
816:
772:
729:
686:
643:
581:
489:
430:
391:
335:
282:
267:"Mandible condylar hyperplasia: a review of diagnosis and treatment protocol"
851:
634:
617:
480:
867:
824:
737:
694:
678:
651:
599:
507:
448:
300:
780:
618:"Bone Scintigraphy SPECT/CT Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia"
542:
399:
343:
47:
327:
837:
556:
Almeida, Luis
Eduardo; Zacharias, Joseph; Pierce, Sean (2017-05-25).
95:
that side. Another theory states that an increase in loading of the
51:
793:
264:
59:
616:
Yang, Zhiyun; Reed, Tameron; Longino, Becky H. (March 2016).
55:
840:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
313:
74:
et al. classified condylar hyperplasia into two categories:
558:"Condylar hyperplasia: An updated review of the literature"
419:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
271:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
412:
235:
Many treatment options exist for this type of condition.
66:
where one condyle overgrows the other condyle leading to
667:
The
British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
555:
191:- Supra-eruption of maxillary molars on affected side
664:
707:
224:- Combination of excessive growth in both vectors
220:- Sloping rima oris with possible chin deviation
461:
879:
189:- Sloping rima oris with minimal chin deviation
615:
750:
369:
171:- Posterior crossbite on contralateral side
611:
609:
215:- Chin deviation towards contralateral side
175:- Excessive growth in the horizontal vector
166:- Chin deviation towards contralateral side
523:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology
462:Alyamani, Ahmed; Abuzinada, Sondos (2012).
168:- Midline shift towards contralateral side
201:- Excessive growth in the vertical vector
113:single-photon emission computed tomography
16:Over-enlargement of the jawbone (mandible)
710:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
633:
606:
589:
497:
479:
438:
290:
203:- Excessive growth in the condylar head
520:
880:
622:Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
365:
363:
361:
797:The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
13:
846:(2): 136–150, discussion 150–151.
197:- Midline shift (minimal to none)
14:
899:
358:
177:- Enlarged ramus, normal condyle
131:
753:Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
372:Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
831:
787:
744:
701:
468:Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery
64:unilateral condylar hyperplasia
658:
562:Korean Journal of Orthodontics
549:
514:
455:
406:
316:Calcified Tissue International
307:
258:
1:
765:10.1016/S0301-0503(86)80291-0
384:10.1016/S0301-0503(86)80290-9
251:
809:10.1097/SCS.0b013e318285d31f
535:10.1016/0030-4220(83)90193-7
230:
117:positron emission tomography
102:
7:
186:Hemimandibular hyperplasia
10:
904:
722:10.1016/j.joms.2013.09.002
574:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.333
163:Hemimandibular elongation
76:hemimandibular hyperplasia
80:hemimandibular elongation
29:
24:
89:
852:10.1067/mod.2002.118403
635:10.2967/jnmt.115.158691
481:10.4103/2231-0746.95311
97:temporomandibular joint
679:10.1054/bjom.1999.0209
155:Histological findings
44:mandibular hyperplasia
33:Mandibular hyperplasia
217:- Possible open bite
237:Orthognathic surgery
212:Combination of both
40:Condylar hyperplasia
25:Condylar hyperplasia
328:10.1007/BF00298747
152:Clinical findings
228:
227:
121:bone scintigraphy
37:
36:
19:Medical condition
895:
872:
871:
835:
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803:(4): 1451–1453.
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68:facial asymmetry
48:over-enlargement
22:
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663:
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554:
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425:(10): 937–941.
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109:nuclear imaging
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92:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
901:
891:
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873:
830:
786:
759:(4): 209–214.
743:
716:(3): 567–595.
700:
657:
605:
568:(6): 333–340.
548:
529:(4): 382–397.
513:
454:
405:
378:(4): 183–208.
357:
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277:(9): 727–737.
256:
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246:articular disk
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132:Classification
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126:technetium-99m
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72:Hugo Obwegeser
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137:Hugo Obwegesr
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888:Orthodontics
843:
839:
833:
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796:
789:
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752:
746:
713:
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673:(2): 87–93.
670:
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628:(1): 49–51.
625:
621:
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551:
526:
522:
516:
474:(1): 17–23.
471:
467:
457:
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322:(1): 71–77.
319:
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274:
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242:condylectomy
234:
219:
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202:
196:
194:- Open bite
193:
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176:
170:
167:
135:
106:
93:
84:
79:
75:
63:
54:bone in the
43:
39:
38:
119:(PET), and
30:Other names
252:References
860:0889-5406
817:1536-3732
773:0301-0503
730:1531-5053
687:0266-4356
644:1535-5675
582:2234-7518
490:2231-0746
431:1940-5901
392:0301-0503
336:0171-967X
283:1940-5901
231:Treatment
115:(SPECT),
103:Diagnosis
882:Category
868:11840126
825:23851829
738:24388179
695:10864700
652:26111714
600:26629479
508:23483790
449:24260600
301:24179565
60:condyles
52:mandible
781:3461098
591:4664909
543:6574416
499:3591071
440:3832331
400:3461097
352:9839753
344:7796350
292:3798207
209:Type 3
183:Type 2
160:Type 1
50:of the
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858:
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771:
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348:S2CID
149:Name
146:Type
90:Cause
56:skull
46:) is
864:PMID
856:ISSN
821:PMID
813:ISSN
777:PMID
769:ISSN
734:PMID
726:ISSN
691:PMID
683:ISSN
648:PMID
640:ISSN
596:PMID
578:ISSN
539:PMID
504:PMID
486:ISSN
445:PMID
427:ISSN
396:PMID
388:ISSN
340:PMID
332:ISSN
297:PMID
279:ISSN
78:and
848:doi
844:121
805:doi
761:doi
718:doi
675:doi
630:doi
586:PMC
570:doi
531:doi
494:PMC
476:doi
435:PMC
380:doi
324:doi
287:PMC
884::
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42:(
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