101:. The liner is prepared with multiple small drilled holes, then set across the production zone to provide wellbore stability and an intervention conduit. Pre-holed liner is often combined with openhole packers, such as swelling elastomers, mechanical packers or external casing packers, to provide zonal segregation and isolation. It is now quite common to see a combination of pre-holed liner, solid liner and swelling elastomer packers to provide an initial isolation of unwanted water or gas zones. Multiple sliding sleeves can also be used in conjunction with openhole packers to provide considerable flexibility in zonal flow control for the life of the wellbore.
138:
placed as an annulus around the sand control screen) and expandable screens. Screen designs are mainly wire-wrap or premium; wire-wrap screens use spiral-welded corrosion-resistant wire wrapped around a drilled basepipe to provide a consistent small helical gap (such as 0.012-inch (0.30 mm), termed 12 gauge). Premium screens use a woven metal cloth wrapped around a basepipe. Expandable screens are run to depth before being mechanically swaged to a larger diameter. Ideally, expandable screens will be swaged until they contact the wellbore wall.
2299:
235:: in this instance there is a well with two zones. In order to produce from both the zones are isolated with packers. Blast joints may be used on the tubing within the region of the perforations. These are thick walled subs that can withstand the fluid abrasion from the producing zone. This arrangement can also work if you have to produce from a higher zone given the depletion of a lower zone. The tubing may also have flow control mechanism.
39:
147:
well is completely different from a vertical well. We can no longer rely on the gravity for the gravel placement. Most service companies uses an alpha and beta wave design to cover the total length of the horizontal well with gravel. It's known that very long wells (around 6000 ft) were successfully gravel packed in many occasions, including deepwater reservoirs in Brazil.
173:
Production casing is cemented through the zone and the pay section is selectively perforated. Gas and water are easily controlled as is sand. The formation can be selectively stimulated and the well can be deepened. This selection is adaptable to other completion configurations and logs are available
128:
Slotted liners can be selected as an alternative to pre-holed liner, sometimes as a personal preference or from established practice on a field. It can also be selected to provide a low cost control of sand/solids production. The slotted liner is machined with multiple longitudinal slots, for example
75:
The production casing is set above the zone of interest before drilling the zone. The zone is open to the well bore. In this case little expense is generated with perforations. Log interpretation is not critical. The well can be deepened easily and it is easily converted to screen and liner. However,
115:
There are an increasing number of ideas coming into the market place to extend the options for openhole completions; for example, electronics can be used to actuate a self-opening or self-closing liner valve. This might be used in an openhole completion to improve clean-up, by bringing the well onto
155:
In this case the casing is set above the primary zone. An un-cemented screen and liner assembly is installed across the pay section. This technique minimizes formation damage and gives the ability to control sand. It also makes cleanout easy. Perforating expense is also low to non-existent. However
146:
This is the most common open hole completion used today. It is basically the same described on the vertical open hole completion but on a horizontal well it enlarges significantly the contact with the reservoir, increasing the production or injection rates of your well. Sand control on a horizontal
495:
A completion component fabricated as a short section of heavy wall tubular with a machined internal surface that provides a seal area and a locking profile. Landing nipples are included in most completions at predetermined intervals to enable the installation of flow-control devices, such as plugs
406:
hydraulic line from surface contained in a 6.35 mm (1/4") control line that is attached to the DHSV's hydraulic chamber and terminated at surface to a hydraulic actuator. The high pressure is needed to overcome the production pressure in the tubing upstream of the choke on the tree. The valve
164:
Casing is set above the producing zone, the zone is drilled and the liner casing is cemented in place. The liner is then perforated for production. This time additional expense in perforating the casing is incurred, also log interpretation is critical and it may be difficult to obtain good quality
66:
This type is the most basic, but can be a good choice for hard rock, multi-laterals and underbalance drilling. It involves leaving the productive reservoir section without any tubulars. This effectively removes control of flow of fluids from the formation; it is not suitable for weaker formations
549:
sensor to provide continuous monitoring of downhole pressure and temperature. Gauges either use a 1/4" control line clamped onto the outside of the tubing string to provide an electrical or fiberoptic communication to surface, or transmit measured data to surface by acoustic signal in the tubing
137:
This is selected where the liner is required to mechanically hold back the movement of formation sand. There are many variants of openhole sand control, the three popular choices being stand-alone screens, openhole gravel packs (also known as external gravel packs, where a sized sand 'gravel' is
410:
This valve allows fluids to pass up or be pumped down the production tubing. When closed the DHSV forms a barrier in the direction of hydrocarbon flow, but fluids can still be pumped down for well kill operations. It is placed as far below the surface as is deemed safe from any possible surface
129:
2 mm Ă— 50 mm, spread across the length and circumference of each joint. Recent advances in laser cutting means that slotting can now be done much cheaper to much smaller slot widths and in some situation slotted liner is now used for the same functionality as sand control screens.
108:
Openhole completions (in comparison with cemented pipe) require better understanding of formation damage, wellbore clean-up and fluid loss control. A key difference is that perforating penetrates through the first 6-18 inches (15–45 cm) of formation around the wellbore, whilst openhole
88:
Openhole completions have seen significant uptake in recent years, and there are many configurations, often developed to address specific reservoir challenges. There have been many recent developments that have boosted the success of openhole completions, and they also tend to be popular in
401:
This component is intended as a last-resort method of protecting the surface from the uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons. It is a cylindrical valve with either a ball or flapper closing mechanism. It is installed in the production tubing and is held in the open position by a
84:
This designation refers to a range of completions where no casing or liner is cemented in place across the production zone. In competent formations, the zone might be left entirely bare, but some sort of sand-control and/or flow-control means are usually incorporated.
190:. Because perforation intervals can be precisely positioned, this type of completion affords good control of fluid flow, although it relies on the quality of the cement to prevent fluid flow behind the liner. As such it is the most common form of completion...
34:
is also included. After a well has been drilled, should the drilling fluids be removed, the well would eventually close in upon itself. Casing ensures that this will not happen while also protecting the wellstream from outside incumbents, like water or sand.
596:
This component is often installed at the end of the tubing, or "the shoe". It is intended to make pulling out wireline tools easier by offering a guiding surface for the toolstring to re-enter the tubing without getting caught on the side of the shoe.
104:
This type of completion is also being adopted in some water injection wells, although these require a much greater performance envelope for openhole packers, due to the considerable pressure and temperature changes that occur in water injectors.
67:
which might require sand control, nor for formations requiring selective isolation of oil, gas and water intervals. However, advances in interventions such as coiled tubing and tractors means that barefoot wells can be successfully produced.
208:: means that there is tubing within the casing that allows fluid to reach the surface. This tubing can be used as a kill string for chemical injection. The tubing may have a “no-go” nipple at the end as a means of pressure testing.
220:: a tubing string and a production packer are installed. The packer means that all the flow goes through the tubing. Within the tubing you can mount a combination of tools that will help to control fluid flow through the tubing.
58:. Typically, the lower completion is set across the productive zone using a liner hanger system, which anchors the lower completion to the production casing string. The broad categories of lower completion are listed below.
411:
disturbance including cratering caused by the wipeout of the platform. Where hydrates are likely to form (most production is at risk of this), the depth of the SCSSV (surface-controlled, sub-surface safety valve) below the
53:
This refers to the portion of the well across the production or injection zone. The well designer has many tools and options available to design the lower completion (downhole completion) according to the conditions of the
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with holes punched into it. If used, it will normally be positioned below the packer and will offer an alternative entry path for reservoir fluids into the tubing in case the shoe becomes blocked, for example, by a stuck
664:
fracturing), or using explosives to generate a high pressure and high speed gas flow (TNT or PETN up to 1,900,000 psi (13,000,000 kPa) ) and (propellant stimulation up to 4,000 psi (28,000 kPa) ).
536:
and the foot of the well. This is to stop reservoir fluids from flowing up the full length of the casing and damaging it. It is generally placed close to the foot of the tubing, shortly above the production zone.
247:: in this instance 2 tubing strings are inserted down 1 well. They are connected at the lower end by a circulating head. Chemicals can be circulated down one tube and production can continue up the other.
587:
In highly deviated wells, this component may be included towards the foot of the completion. It consists of a large collar, which keeps the completion string centralised within the hole while cementing.
119:
Pre-holed liner may provide some basic control of solids production, where the wellbore is thought to fail in aggregated chunks of rubble, but it is not typically regarded as a sand control completion.
605:
In cased hole completions (the majority of wells), once the completion string is in place, the final stage is to make a connection between the wellbore and the formation. This is done by running
475:
Being electrically powered, ESPs require an electrical communications conduit to be run from surface, through a specialized wellhead and tubing hanger, to provide the required power to function.
214:: the tubing and pump are run to a depth beneath the working fluid. The pump and rod string are installed concentrically within the tubing. A tubing anchor prevents tubing movement while pumping.
481:
Specialized guards, called cannon guards, may be installed over each tubing collar to prevent the cable from rubbing on the casing walls which can cause premature cable failure.
1524:
628:
This involves the injection of chemicals to eat away at any skin damage, "cleaning up" the formation, thereby improving the flow of reservoir fluids. A strong acid (usually
447:
This is a welded/machined product which contains a "side pocket" alongside the main tubular conduit. The side pocket, typically 1" or 1½" diameter is designed to contain
613:
or liner to make a connection. Modern perforations are made using shaped explosive charges, similar to the armor-penetrating charge used on antitank rockets (bazookas).
575:
This component, placed towards the foot of the completion string, is used to provide two way isolation from the formation for completion operations without the need for
116:
production from the toe-end for 100 days, then self-opening the heel-end. Inflow control devices and intelligent completions are also installed as openhole completions.
26:
ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations. This principally involves preparing the bottom of the hole to the required specifications, running in the
174:
to assist casing decisions. Much better primary casing. It can however cause damage to zones and needs good log interpretation. The perforating cost can be very high.
478:
During installation, the power cable is spliced into the ESP then attached to the outside of the tubing by corrosion resistant metal bands as it is run in the hole.
1420:
156:
gas and water build up is difficult to control and selective stimulation not possible the well can't be easily deepened and additional rig time may be needed.
384:
Production tubing may be manufactured using various grades of alloys to achieve specific hardness, corrosion resistance or tensile strength requirements.
2265:
487:
Like many other artificial lift methods, the ESP reduces the bottom hole pressure at the tubing bottom to allow hydrocarbons to flow into the tubing.
579:. Their use is sporadic as they do not enjoy the best reputation for reliability when it comes to opening them at the end of the completion process.
550:
wall. The information obtained from these monitoring devices can be used to model reservoirs or predict the life or problems in a specific wellbore.
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excessive gas and water production is difficult to control, and may require frequent clean outs. Also the interval cannot be selectively stimulated.
1645:
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valve, which allows flow of High pressure gas into the tubing there by reducing the tubing pressure and allowing the hydrocarbons to move upwards.
109:
completions require the reservoir fluids to flow through all of the filtrate-invaded zone around the wellbore and lift-off of the mud filter cake.
89:
horizontal wells, where cemented installations are more expensive and technically more difficult. The common options for openhole completions are:
472:
Electrical
Submersible Pumps, or ESPs, are installed at the bottom of the production tubing or inside the production tubing (Through Tubing ESP).
112:
Many openhole completions will incorporate fluid loss valves at the top of the liner to provide well control whilst the upper completion is run.
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and chokes. Three basic types of landing nipple are commonly used: no-go nipples, selective-landing nipples and ported or safety-valve nipples.
229:: gas is fed into valves installed in mandrels in the tubing strip. The hydrostatic head is lowered and the fluid is gas lifted to the surface.
30:
and its associated down hole tools as well as perforating and stimulating as required. Sometimes, the process of running in and cementing the
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may be as much as 1 km: this will allow for the geothermal temperature to be high enough to prevent hydrates from blocking the valve.
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is fully completed, further stimulation is necessary to achieve the planned productivity. There are a number of stimulation techniques.
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and a liner down through the production zone, and cementing it in place. Connection between the well bore and the formation is made by
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656:, as well as extending past any possible damage near the wellbore. This may be done by injecting fluids at high pressure (
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Tubing may be internally coated with various rubber or plastic coatings to enhance corrosion and/or erosion resistance.
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The sliding sleeve is hydraulically or mechanically actuated to allow communication between the tubing and the 'A'
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The tubing hanger may be manufactured with rubber or polymer sealing rings to isolate the tubing from the annulus.
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This is the pressure containing equipment at the surface of the well where casing strings are suspended and the
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Installation and workover processes require careful consideration to prevent any damage to the power cable.
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636:. As a result, the Hydrocarbons are more accessible. Acid can also be used to clean the wellbore of some
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241:: within the well a small diameter concentric kill string is used to circulate kill fluids when needed.
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tunnels deeper into the formation, increasing the surface area for formation fluids to flow into the
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Production tubing is available in various diameters, typically ranging from 2 inches to 4.5 inches.
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conditions and to permit any operations as are deemed necessary for enhancing production and safety.
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to surface (or injection material the other way). It runs from the tubing hanger at the top of the
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in order to prevent the inventory of natural gas downhole from becoming a hazard as it became on
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to help provide energy to drive hydrocarbons to surface if reservoir pressure is insufficient.
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and to prevent the tubing from being hydrostatically or mechanically ejected from the annulus.
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This involves use of explosives and injection of chemicals to increase acid-rock contact.
514:. They are often used in multiple reservoir wells to regulate flow to and from the zones.
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capability, many operators consider it prudent to install a valve, which will isolate the
202:: means that the producing fluid flow has only one path to the surface through the casing.
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352:. These lag bolts apply a downward pressure on the tubing hanger to compress the sealing
312:(or the other way round for injection wells) and allows access for chemical squeezes and
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Sometimes, productivity may be hampered due to the residue of completion fluids, heavy
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will operate if the umbilical HP line is cut or the wellhead/tree is destroyed.
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upwards. Proper design of this "completion string" is essential to ensure the
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632:) is used to dissolve rock formations, but this acid does not react with the
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Production tubing is the main conduit for transporting hydrocarbons from the
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431: annulus for the same reasons a DHSV may be needed to isolate the
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at high pressure into the bottom of the borehole to circulate out the
2214:
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900:
827:
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down to a point generally just above the top of the production zone.
256:
The upper completion refers to all components from the bottom of the
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Defining
Completions: The science of oil and gas well construction
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https://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/t/tubing_hanger.aspx
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The tubing hanger is secured within the tubing head flange with
304:
This is the main assembly of valves that controls flow from the
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660:), injecting fluids laced with round granular material (
1665:
685:, in the wellbore. This is particularly a problem in
648:
This means creating and extending fractures from the
2266:
141:
271:
2315:
330:This component sits in the upper portion of the
390:
600:
454:
801:
640:that form from mineral laden produced water.
570:
528:The packer isolates the annulus between the
193:
808:
794:
669:Acidizing and fracturing (combined method)
251:
177:
132:
37:
1728:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
676:
591:
418:
338:and serves as the main support for the
79:
2316:
1602:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
1361:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
815:
442:
61:
49:Lower completion (downhole completion)
789:
1733:China National Petroleum Corporation
517:
359:
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150:
16:Last operation for oil and gas wells
553:
159:
13:
1793:National Iranian South Oil Company
1509:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
540:
239:Single-well concentric kill string
92:
14:
2345:
2261:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
2150:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
1803:Oil & Gas Development Company
776:Intelligent completion technology
769:
499:
490:
293:
233:Single-well alternate completions
2298:
2297:
738:"How Does Well Completion Work?"
319:
142:Horizontal open hole completions
123:
1808:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
272:Wellhead with situation control
245:Single-well 2-tubing completion
2276:Society of Petroleum Engineers
2047:Port Harcourt Refining Company
1713:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
754:
730:
582:
1:
1222:Production sharing agreements
724:
643:
2256:Canadian petroleum companies
2251:American Petroleum Institute
1788:National Iranian Oil Company
1773:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
623:
391:Downhole safety valve (DHSV)
264:can flow properly given the
70:
7:
2271:International Energy Agency
1256:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
707:
601:Perforating and stimulating
455:Electrical submersible pump
22:is the process of making a
10:
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1858:PTT Public Company Limited
1459:East Midlands Oil Province
1444:List of natural gas fields
1044:Integrated asset modelling
521:
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2230:Weatherford International
2109:
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1763:Iraq National Oil Company
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571:Formation isolation valve
545:This is an electronic or
334:, within the tubing head
300:Christmas tree (oil well)
465:This device is used for
194:Conventional completions
2281:World Petroleum Council
2155:China Oilfield Services
1212:Petroleum fiscal regime
911:Western Canadian Select
906:West Texas Intermediate
1758:Indian Oil Corporation
1244:Submersible pump (ESP)
1189:Underbalanced drilling
1010:of gasoline and diesel
609:to blast holes in the
206:Casing and tubing flow
182:This involves running
43:
2135:Cameron International
1577:Petrodollar recycling
1560:fossil fuel phase-out
1123:Differential sticking
1076:Reflection seismology
1049:Petroleum engineering
891:OPEC Reference Basket
763:Glossary of oil field
397:Downhole safety valve
252:Completion components
178:Cased hole completion
133:Openhole sand control
41:
2334:Petroleum production
2032:Occidental Petroleum
1346:1990 oil price shock
1172:Shale oil extraction
1145:Drilling engineering
1128:Directional drilling
1054:Reservoir simulation
696:may be used to pump
677:Nitrogen circulation
658:hydraulic fracturing
592:Wireline entry guide
558:This is a length of
419:Annular safety valve
80:Open hole completion
2324:Drilling technology
2180:Naftiran Intertrade
2125:Amec Foster Wheeler
2052:Reliance Industries
1941:Naftiran Intertrade
1753:Hindustan Petroleum
1351:2000s energy crisis
692:. In these cases,
616:Sometimes once the
443:Side pocket mandrel
62:Barefoot completion
2027:Marathon Petroleum
1449:List of oil fields
1059:Reservoir modeling
817:Petroleum industry
577:kill weight fluids
314:well interventions
97:Also often called
44:
2311:
2310:
2289:
2288:
2175:Nabors Industries
2105:
2104:
1303:Well intervention
1278:Petroleum product
1177:Ljungström method
1081:Seismic inversion
1066:Petroleum geology
1020:
1019:
719:Well intervention
630:hydrochloric acid
524:Production packer
518:Production packer
433:production tubing
366:Production tubing
360:Production tubing
340:production tubing
284:blowout preventer
258:production tubing
169:Perforated casing
151:Liner completions
99:pre-drilled liner
28:production tubing
2341:
2301:
2300:
2002:Hess Corporation
1723:Bharat Petroleum
1654:
1653:
1639:
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1326:1967 Oil Embargo
1162:Lost circulation
1000:Posted oil price
924:
923:
881:Isthmus-34 Light
810:
803:
796:
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607:perforation guns
554:Perforated joint
461:Submersible pump
160:Perforated liner
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2235:John Wood Group
2225:Valaris Limited
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1967:APA Corporation
1955:
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1529:Classification
1513:
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1430:
1366:Nationalization
1336:1979 oil crisis
1331:1973 oil crisis
1312:
1298:Water injection
1266:Steam injection
1261:Gas reinjection
1229:Artificial lift
1198:
1140:Drill stem test
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742:www.rigzone.com
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93:Pre-holed liner
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42:Perforated shoe
20:Well completion
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2336:
2331:
2326:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Surgutneftegas
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Eneos Holdings
1989:
1984:
1982:ConocoPhillips
1979:
1974:
1972:Cenovus Energy
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1913:Energy trading
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1599:
1597:Swing producer
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:Gulf of Mexico
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:2010s oil glut
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:1980s oil glut
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1150:Drilling fluid
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1088:Seismic source
1085:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
921:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Japan Cocktail
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
845:
839:
838:
836:
835:
833:Primary energy
830:
824:
821:
820:
813:
812:
805:
798:
790:
784:
783:
778:
771:
770:External links
768:
766:
765:
753:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
716:
709:
706:
678:
675:
670:
667:
645:
642:
625:
622:
602:
599:
593:
590:
584:
581:
572:
569:
555:
552:
542:
539:
532:and the inner
522:Main article:
519:
516:
506:Sliding sleeve
504:Main article:
501:
500:Sliding sleeve
498:
492:
491:Landing nipple
489:
459:Main article:
456:
453:
444:
441:
423:On wells with
420:
417:
395:Main article:
392:
389:
364:Main article:
361:
358:
324:Main article:
321:
318:
298:Main article:
295:
294:Christmas tree
292:
290:is connected.
288:Christmas tree
276:Main article:
273:
270:
253:
250:
249:
248:
242:
236:
230:
221:
215:
209:
203:
195:
192:
179:
176:
170:
167:
161:
158:
152:
149:
143:
140:
134:
131:
125:
122:
94:
91:
81:
78:
72:
69:
63:
60:
50:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2346:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2108:
2098:
2097:Valero Energy
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Suncor Energy
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1691:TotalEnergies
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1635:organisations
1633:Companies and
1631:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:Petrocurrency
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Oil shale gas
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1525:Abbreviations
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Permian Basin
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:United States
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Seven Sisters
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Core sampling
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
925:
922:
918:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Indian Basket
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
844:
840:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
818:
811:
806:
804:
799:
797:
792:
791:
788:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
762:
757:
743:
739:
733:
729:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
694:coiled tubing
691:
688:
684:
674:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
641:
639:
635:
631:
621:
619:
614:
612:
608:
598:
589:
580:
578:
568:
566:
561:
551:
548:
538:
535:
531:
525:
515:
513:
507:
497:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
468:
462:
452:
450:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
416:
414:
408:
405:
404:high-pressure
398:
388:
385:
382:
379:
377:
373:
367:
357:
355:
351:
346:
343:
341:
337:
333:
327:
326:Tubing hanger
320:Tubing hanger
317:
315:
311:
310:process plant
307:
301:
291:
289:
285:
279:
269:
267:
263:
259:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
226:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
191:
189:
185:
175:
166:
165:cement jobs.
157:
148:
139:
130:
124:Slotted liner
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
102:
100:
90:
86:
77:
68:
59:
57:
46:
40:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2200:Schlumberger
2130:Baker Hughes
2022:Marathon Oil
2012:Imperial Oil
2007:Husky Energy
1997:Galp Energia
1987:Devon Energy
1873:Saudi Aramco
1853:Petrovietnam
1798:NNPC Limited
1702:National oil
1582:Petrofiction
1550:Orphan wells
1518:Other topics
1489:Persian Gulf
1416:Saudi Arabia
1386:Standard Oil
1194:Well logging
1110:
1071:Petrophysics
756:
745:. Retrieved
741:
732:
680:
672:
647:
634:Hydrocarbons
627:
615:
604:
595:
586:
574:
557:
544:
527:
509:
494:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
464:
446:
428:
422:
409:
400:
386:
383:
380:
369:
347:
344:
329:
303:
281:
255:
244:
238:
232:
223:
217:
212:Pumping flow
211:
205:
199:
181:
172:
163:
154:
145:
136:
127:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
87:
83:
74:
65:
52:
45:
19:
18:
2170:Halliburton
2042:Phillips 66
1863:QatarEnergy
1833:Petrobangla
1768:KazMunayGas
1658:Supermajors
1607:heavy crude
1494:Prudhoe Bay
1474:Niger Delta
1454:Caspian Sea
1217:Concessions
1167:Measurement
1133:Geosteering
1116:Squeeze job
1026:Exploration
975:Consumption
934:Consumption
927:Natural gas
856:Bonny Light
650:perforation
583:Centralizer
565:perforation
437:Piper Alpha
218:Tubing flow
200:Casing flow
188:perforating
2318:Categories
2220:Transocean
2087:Tullow Oil
2077:TechnipFMC
1843:PetroChina
1681:ExxonMobil
1587:Shale band
1464:East Texas
1437:and fields
1251:Downstream
1204:Production
1111:Completion
1039:Geophysics
980:Production
939:Production
876:Indonesian
851:Argus Sour
843:Benchmarks
747:2018-07-05
725:References
644:Fracturing
547:fiberoptic
2329:Oil wells
2215:TC Energy
2116:companies
1946:Trafigura
1893:Sonatrach
1838:Petrobras
1828:Pertamina
1738:Ecopetrol
1704:companies
1648:companies
1646:petroleum
1622:tight oil
1617:oil shale
1612:oil sands
1592:Shale gas
1533:sweet oil
1504:Venezuela
1479:North Sea
1435:Provinces
1426:Venezuela
1273:Midstream
968:Petroleum
828:Petroleum
624:Acidizing
372:reservoir
350:lag bolts
266:reservoir
71:Open hole
56:reservoir
2303:Category
2210:Subsea 7
2190:Petrofac
2185:NOV Inc.
2165:GE Power
2160:Enbridge
2114:services
1936:Mercuria
1926:Glencore
1888:Sonangol
1848:Petronas
1783:Naftogaz
1555:Peak oil
1538:sour oil
1293:Upstream
1288:Refining
1283:Pipeline
1239:Pumpjack
1234:Gas lift
1155:invasion
1098:Drilling
985:Reserves
944:Reserves
714:Oil well
708:See also
698:nitrogen
662:proppant
449:gas lift
425:gas lift
376:wellhead
332:wellhead
278:Wellhead
225:Gas lift
1878:Sinopec
1868:Rosneft
1748:Gazprom
1743:Equinor
1671:Chevron
1318:History
1184:Tracers
1106:Blowout
995:Exports
990:Imports
954:Exports
949:Imports
512:annulus
354:gaskets
308:to the
2244:Others
2195:Saipem
2092:TĂĽpraĹź
2082:TNK-BP
2067:Sunoco
2057:Repsol
2017:Lukoil
1960:Others
1931:Gunvor
1565:timing
1499:Russia
1411:Norway
1396:France
1391:Canada
683:brines
638:scales
611:casing
560:tubing
534:casing
530:tubing
413:seabed
336:flange
184:casing
32:casing
2111:Major
1977:Cepsa
1951:Vitol
1921:Enron
1883:SOCAR
1823:Pemex
1818:PDVSA
1813:Orlen
1778:Lotos
1718:ANCAP
1686:Shell
1643:Major
1401:India
1005:Price
959:Price
901:Urals
896:Tapis
866:Dubai
861:Brent
702:brine
690:wells
567:gun.
2205:Snam
2145:CH2M
1898:TPAO
1406:Iraq
1376:OPEC
1371:GECF
920:Data
654:well
618:well
306:well
262:well
227:well
24:well
2140:CGG
2037:OMV
1903:YPF
1676:Eni
687:gas
342:.
286:or
2320::
1666:BP
1308:XT
740:.
704:.
439:.
316:.
809:e
802:t
795:v
750:.
429:A
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