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in the fleet. It is common in the U.S. to incorrectly associate aircraft size with the
Department of Transportation's designation of major, national, and regional airline. The only corollary is the Regional Airline Association, an industry trade group, defines "regional airlines" generally as "...operat(ing) short and medium haul scheduled airline service connecting smaller communities with larger cities and connecting hubs. The airlines' fleet primarily consists of 19 to 68 seat turboprops and 30 to 100 seat regional jets." To be clear there is no distinction in the Department of Transportation definition of major, national and regional airlines by aircraft size. The definition is based on revenue. The clash of definitions has led to confusion in the media and the public.
1941:
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1463:, with the regional airline paid to staff, operate and maintain aircraft used on flights that are scheduled, marketed and sold by a partner mainline airline. This practice allows the mainline carrier to use outsourced labor at smaller stations, to reduce costs. In 2011, 61% of all advertised flights for American, Delta, United and US Airways were operated by their regional brands. This figure was only 40% in 2000.
1834:
2055:
394:"Regional airline" is a flexible term whose meaning has changed substantially over time. What it means today is different than how it has been used in the past. For instance, in the United States, around 1960, the term “regional carrier” denoted the smaller eight of the 12 largest carriers, then known as
680:
status based on the only actual definition of "major airline," in the United States, the definition from the U.S. Department of
Transportation. This definition is based solely on annual revenue and not on any other criterion such as average aircraft seating capacity, pilot pay, or number of aircraft
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To create a common tie and what appeared to be seamless to the air traveler, major carriers marketed in advertising and soon had much smaller airlines paint their small and what was often described as puddle-jumper aircraft, in the image and branding colors of the much larger mainline partner. This
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Beginning around 1985, a number of trends have become apparent. Regional aircraft are getting larger, faster, and are flying longer ranges. Additionally, the vast majority of regionals within the United States with more than ten aircraft within their fleet, have lost their individual identities and
995:
Many airline passengers find sub-branding very confusing, while many other airline passengers are content to think they are on a mainline or flagship airline's aircraft, while in actuality they are far from it. Sub-branding is pretty consistent throughout the airline industry of the United States,
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In the United States, regional airlines were an important building block of today's passenger air system. The U.S. Government encouraged the forming of regional airlines to provide services from smaller communities to larger towns, where air passengers could connect to a larger network.
835:
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in the United States. T-A-T's transcontinental "Lindbergh Line" became
America's first contiguous coast-to-coast air service, and it ushered in a new era of major airlines expanding to operate networks with large footprints. The development of long-range aircraft operated by
475:
As flag carriers grew to fill the demand of long-range passenger traffic, new and small airlines found niches flying between short and under-served routes to-and-from major airports and more rural destinations. Through the 1960s and 1970s, war surplus designs (notably, the
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are described as regional airlines. At the time, Air New
England was a recently-failed turboprop operator in the northeast USA, while Air Florida was a jet carrier flying from Florida to the northeast, to Latin America and Europe. The two airlines had little in common.
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due to a lack of passenger traffic to do so profitably, provided the airline operating the CAB awarded route substitutes its operation with other equipment and maintains responsibility the route is served. As such this "exemption" allowed the development of the
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with many stops between the originating and terminating air terminals. This system of air transportation effectively forced most airlines to be "regional" in nature, but the lack of distinction among carriers soon began to change with the 1929 launch of
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The success of the "rebranding" or "pseudo branding" of a much smaller airline into the name recognition of a much larger one soon became clear as passenger numbers soared at Air Alpes, and it was soon decided to paint other aircraft such as the
453:
So when reading historical sources, it’s important to understand that the term "regional airline" has migrated greatly over time. Sometimes the term has been stretched beyond the point of utility. For instance, in a 1983 article about PBA,
446:. Since, at the time, none of these eight had a network approaching the scale of the Big Four, they were known as the regional carriers. This was despite the existence, at the time, of 13 smaller United States scheduled carriers known as
1330:
agreement or operating through capacity purchase agreements, with the mainline parent company financing the aircraft for the regional airline, and then placing the aircraft with the regional for very little cost. An example would be
911:), and filling two roles: delivering passengers to the major airline's hubs from surrounding towns, and increasing frequency of service on mainline routes during times when demand does not warrant use of large aircraft, known as
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questioned how the impact of low salaries are having on pilot psyches and how safe this could be for the flying public. When asked to respond to the question, Roger Cohen, president of the
Regional Airline Association, told
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designs, was well advanced by the late 1990s. This evolution towards jet equipment, brought the independent regional airlines into direct competition with the major airlines, forcing additional consolidation.
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Initially these tie ups tended to use small 15 -19 seat aircraft, which did not have a reputation of passenger comfort, or safe reliable operations, by small often under capitalized tiny airline operators.
1311:. The smallest regional carriers have become known as feeder airlines. The separate corporate structure allows the company to operate under different pay schedules, typically paying much less than their
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Although regional airlines in the United States are often viewed as small, not particularly lucrative "no name" subsidiaries of the mainline airlines, in terms of revenue, many would be designated
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and were also one of the first companies to adopt the now common practice of taking on the branding livery of a much large company, namely Air France; who they operated in association with.
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The evolution and chronological history of the commuter side of the regional airline industry can be defined by a number of dates prior to the end of the era of airline regulation by the
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Australia has an association for regional airline, the
Regional Aviation of Australia. More than 2 million passengers and 23 million kg of cargo are involved each year.
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Post airline deregulation, airlines sought added market share and to do this they sought partnerships with regional and small airlines to feed traffic into the airline hub.
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airline and transportation conglomerate, tried to run a fully certificated mainline airline as nothing more than a distinct internal marketing brand of a regional airline.)
1056:(very light jets) with advanced automation. This vision failed to materialize due to its primary focus on rural mobility and a lack of clear and viable business case.
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was to give the appearance of reliability. Over time these regional aircraft grew in size as airline hubs expanded and competition dwindled among the major carriers.
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communities, while others operate regional flights on behalf of a larger carrier, similar to their
American counterparts. Some of these airlines and brands include:
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under their own brand, mostly providing service to small and isolated towns, for whom the airline is the only reasonable link to a larger town. Examples of this are
1630:– aircraft falling below the weight of 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) were considered small aircraft and thus, not subject to the certification requirements of the CAB.
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that, "...there are many other people who earn less money than that and work more days in these communities that can afford it and do it and do it responsibly."
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with all the regional airlines, mainline airlines, and the regional airline holding companies, as well as the mainline airlines holding companies participating.
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749:. Some of these newer aircraft are capable of flying longer distances with comfort levels that rival and surpass the regional airline equipment of the past.
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were undertaken, but met little financial success, partly due to economic downturn in the airline industry resulting from the outbreak of hostilities when
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Many large North
American airlines, have established operational relationships with one or more regional airline companies. Their aircraft often use the
1067:, city pair links to smaller communities lacking regional connections could become more common. This opportunities could become commercially viable with
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The following is a list of former marketing brands operated by smaller airlines, but using larger traditionally non-regional-type equipment such as the
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1654:– during the sunset of the CAB regulation the size of commuters were permitted to grow to 60 passengers and 18,000 pounds (8.2 t) of freight.
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airlines in the United States set the course for bypassing entirely the regional turboprops as they became the first to transition to an all-jet
94:
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contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as
1303:, regional airlines are operated primarily to bring passengers to the major hubs, where they will connect for longer-distance flights on the
1636:– the CAB officially defined airlines with aircraft of no more than 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) of maximum gross weight as commuter airlines
1350:. This association lobbies purely for the financial interest of the corporate bodies it constitutes, not the employees of those airlines.
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One of the first independently owned and managed airlines in the world that rebranded its aircraft to match a larger airline's brand was
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rely on operators of smaller aircraft to provide service or added frequency service to some airports. Such airlines, often operating in
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of 1978, the US federal government has continued support of the regional airline sector to ensure many of the smaller and more isolated
398:(or trunk airlines or simply trunks). At the time the four biggest airlines in the United States were known as the Big Four, comprising
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The trend of branding regional airlines to match the mainline airlines, has led to just three major sub-brands in the United States:
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Below is a list of many of the regional brands that evolved when regional airlines were advertised to look like the major airlines.
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as is often flown by the regional airlines. The smallest aircraft flown under such brands and regional airlines may or may not have
1642:– relaxations of the CAB regulations permitted commuter aircraft to carry 30 passengers and a payload of 7,500 pounds (3.4 t).
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The formerly small regional airlines have grown substantially, through mergers or by the use of a holding company, as pioneered by
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National
Academies. (2002). TRB Special Report 263 - Future Flight: A Review of the Small Aircraft Transportation System Concept.
496:. This extended the range of the regionals dramatically, causing a wave of consolidations between the now overlapping airlines.
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211:
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imposed strict constraints on the potential length of each flight; some routes covered less than 100 miles (160 km).
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70:
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1872:, a commuter /air taxi brand operated by the regional airlines owned by the HoTH parent company in association with
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A history and study of regional airlines was published by the
Smithsonian Institution Press in 1994 under the title
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is a European regional airline operating wet leased aircraft for of larger airlines. Like this CRJ900 operated for
1661:
419:
17:
1908:. They connect cities to major airports and to other cities, avoiding the need for passengers to make transfers.
197:
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http://airlinersgallery.smugmug.com/Airlines-UnitedStates-1/Airlines-UnitedStates-1/Continental-Express/i-Z3cbkZt
1937:. Innovations include one where the passenger is required to join a membership club before being allowed to fly.
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major hubs. Regional aircraft in the US have been getting slightly more comfortable with the addition of better
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340:
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sector of independents. They are based on business models ranging from the traditional full service airline to
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New Mexico Airlines, a regional airline brand of Pacific Wings, which is owned by Pacific Air Holdings company
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1960:
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Some of Europe's regional airlines are subsidiaries of national air carriers, though there remains a strong
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1452:. They are the post-deregulation survivors of the multiple bankruptcies and mergers of the major, legacy,
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contractually won opportunity to be considered for KLM employment after a set period of commitment to NLM.
2794:"Regional Airline Pilot Pay 2023: How Much Do New Airline Pilots Make the First Year / ATP Flight School"
1696:
1460:
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premiered its WGA Award-winning exposé on the industry entitled "Flying Cheap". In the program, reporter
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of France. During 1974, Air Alpes painted its newly delivered short range regional jets in the livery of
2906:
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regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers, in the United States:
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First year regional pilot pay as of Aug. 2011. Source: AirlinePilotCentral.com, an industry career site.
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regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers in the United States:
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The following is a list of former regional marketing brands operated by lesser known airlines, serving
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757:
31:
2551:(1981–1991, consisting of several airlines contracted to operate regional flights on behalf of Pan Am)
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2190:
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2948:"Douglas DC-9-14 - Royale Airlines (Continental Airlines) | Aviation Photo #1959138 | Airliners.net"
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India has many regional carriers operating currently. Some of these operate under the government's
1940:
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Marketing brands with mainline branding / mainline-type aircraft but operated by regional airlines
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In the early 1990s, much more advanced turboprop-powered, fuel efficient, and passenger friendly
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ACRP Research Report 236: Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies
984:'s KLM style branding does however pre-date the Air France efforts though by a number of years.
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was still operating, they branded a handful of aircraft as Colgan Air, but most were branded as
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has won World's Best Regional Airline from Skytrax three years in a row in 2015, 2016 and 2017
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2640:. Office of Aviation Policy. DOT. Tuesday, April 29, 2014. Retrieved Thursday, July 24, 2014.
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fleet. To a lesser extent in Europe and the United Kingdom this transition, to notably the
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http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1119&context=hospitalityreview
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Steckler, M. (2023). New Security Process Makes American Airlines-Landline Travel Seamless.
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further normalized the capability of "far and wide" air travel among the traveling public.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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and also coach (bus) services with airlines sometimes replacing feeder services through
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and high-speed, long-range air service, commercial aviation was structured similarly to
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in 1982. AMR created the AMR Eagle Holding Corporation which unified its wholly owned
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Note:- Alliance Air is still a state-owned airline, whereas Air India is private.
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1934:
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1648:– Official list of U.S. Commuter Airlines in the year prior to airline deregulation
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outlined a new vision for regional mobility, based on services built out of small
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branded its entire fleet as United Express. On the other hand, regional airline
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Some of the lesser known smaller brands used by the regional airlines and their
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their aircraft fleet in the mainline airline's sub-brand livery. For example,
746:
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2435:, being replaced by American Eagle as US Airways merges with American Airlines
1669:– the United States governmental lobbying body of this industry, known as the
3039:
2501:
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1847:
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1701:
1574:
1559:
1300:
896:
677:
638:
395:
293:
288:, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract
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1607:– CAB makes exemption for airlines, starting with the local service carrier
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2387:(an airline formerly known as Ransome Airlines, acquired by Pan Am in 1987)
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aboard these aircraft. From small, less than 50-seat "single-class cabin"
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21st century regional airlines are commonly organized in one of two ways.
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communities remain connected to air services. This is encouraged with the
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http://cf.alpa.org/mec/aaa/docs/newmectoday/arc/airwaves/aw9909/rj999.pdf
2724:"SATS & NCAM members continues to develop at Oshkosh AirVenture 2007"
2567:
List of commercial short-haul civilian passenger "regional jet" airliners
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1976:
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In Canada there are a number of regional airlines. Some of them focus on
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whose service was arguably far more regional than the “regional” trunks.
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was set up as a KLM subsidiary from its founding and later evolved into
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for the company they are operating flights for. These airlines can be
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768:. Many of the regional airlines operating turboprop equipment such as
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30:"Regional Airlines" redirects here. For the former French airline, see
261:
2848:
2562:
List of commercial short-haul civilian passenger "regional" airliners
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Many of these large regional airlines have joined the lobbying group
1332:
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In some parts of the world, regional airlines face competition from
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2016:
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2589:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 15.
2077:, a former subsidiary of India's former state-owned flag carrier,
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PWExpress, a regional airline brand of the regional airline named
1494:
The most significant regional airlines in the United States, are:
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2001:
1904:
European regional airlines serve the intra-continental sector in
1893:
1681:
List of Commuter Airlines in 1977 Prior to Airline Deregulation:
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781:
415:
281:
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under one division, but still maintained the regional airlines'
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however wearing the initial titles of NLM at Groningen in 1967.
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which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using
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2089:
1905:
1850:, IATA code (LW) which is owned by Pacific Air Holdings company
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which is wholly owned by the regional airline holding company
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arrangements with mainline airlines, often completely repaint
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973:, these aircraft fed regional and higher yielding traffic to
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2923:
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1833:
1110:
753:
2650:
http://library.fes.de/itf/pdf/z2776/1976/z2776_1976_12.pdf
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of the United States. Among these significant dates are:
3010:
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and contracts with bus companies (e.g., Landline between
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deal primarily with North America and do not represent a
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a regional subsidiary of British Airways uses the basic
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program that subsidizes airline service to smaller U.S.
3024:– February 9, 2010. One year after the deadly crash of
1660:
the airline industry was officially deregulated by the
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To improve on their market penetration, larger airline
3005:
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1956:
Some examples of European regional airlines include:
886:
353:
networks. In this era, technological limitations on
2844:"Think airline seats have gotten smaller? They have"
745:
series of aircraft and the somewhat larger fuselage
2193:(Rex), the largest regional airline outside of the
1624:
to fulfill Allegheny's CAB route award obligations.
756:type replacement projects such as the 19 passenger
171:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1093:
364:As such, airlines structured their services along
2928:Regional Aviation Association of Australia (RAAA)
899:, operating under their brand name (for example,
729:equipment, present day regional airlines provide
3037:
3011:Regional Aviation Association of Australia (Aus)
2335:Frontier Commuter (Combs Airways – ITR Airlines)
1926:and flies between domestic and European cities.
673:centers, aiming to maintain year-round service.
503:The original regional airlines (then known as "
300:" carriers, operating their revenue flights as
571:(merged with Arizona and Challenger to create
1017:On Feb 12th, 2010, a year after the crash of
91:The examples and perspective in this article
2781:https://www.phl.org/newsroom/Landline-update
2244:Marketing brands with regional-type aircraft
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1247:
296:, most regional airlines are classified as "
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2224:
1880:marketing brand and is also owned by HoTH.
1487:and personnel separate from each other and
1071:and the introduction of electric aircraft.
831:, with whom it had contractual agreements.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2904:
2706:"Frontline: Flying Cheap, Cohen interview"
883:, which operates in the Hawaiian islands.
3032:issues associated with regional airlines.
3006:European Regions Airline Association (EU)
2749:https://trb.org/publications/sr/sr263.pdf
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
2905:Belina, F. W.; Bush, L. R. (June 1977).
2130:
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1939:
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2818:"Members in the Regional Airline Assoc"
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1961:List of regional airlines § Europe
1859:, a brand operated by regional airline
969:at Brussels Airport in 1977. Much like
27:Classification of scheduled air carrier
14:
3038:
1459:These regional brands are a form of a
992:into full Air France colours as well.
634:Commuter Airlines of the United States
480:) were replaced by higher-performance
414:. The other eight trunk carriers were
389:
371:Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T)
2973:"Jetlink northwest 146 - Bing images"
2584:
2541:, a true regional airline within the
937:wearing the basic mainline livery of
1611:; to suspend operating a route with
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1326:of the major airline or fly under a
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1046:Small Aircraft Transportation System
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380:British Overseas Airways Corporation
268:was a regional airline operating in
169:adding citations to reliable sources
140:
77:
36:
2608:Hartman, Curtis (1 February 1983).
2496:Continental's Houston Proud Express
2049:UDAN (Regional Connectivity Scheme)
1088:Atlantic City International Airport
815:did not brand their aircraft. When
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611:(renamed Pacific Air Lines in 1958)
24:
2219:Virgin Australia Regional Airlines
1772:Puerto Rico International Airlines
1231:Virgin Australia Regional Airlines
1084:Philadelphia International Airport
1004:
887:Fee-for-departure (contract) model
25:
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2989:Regional Airline Association (US)
2982:
2907:"A study of commuter air service"
2761:Le Bris, G.; et al. (2022).
2638:U.S. Department of Transportation
2484:Continental Airlines operated by
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813:Gulfstream International Airlines
52:This article has multiple issues.
2587:Air Transport and its Regulators
1662:Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
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2864:"AMR Eagle Holding Corporation"
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1094:Current regional airline brands
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341:Aviation between the World Wars
280:is a general classification of
156:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2994:Regional Airline Partners (US)
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2500:Frontier Airlines operated by
2201:, servicing routes in several
838:Typical seat map of a smaller
714:, and the addition of varying
690:now serve only as feeders, to
684:
325:British Aerospace Jetstream 41
13:
1:
2767:Transportation Research Board
2610:"Pba: A Tale Of Two Airlines"
2572:
1671:Commuter Airline Association,
345:Decades before the advent of
334:
3028:, FRONTLINE investigate the
2187:, the regional arm of Qantas
2126:
1675:Regional Airline Association
1348:Regional Airline Association
733:such as the higher capacity
456:Provincetown-Boston Airlines
7:
2666:Public Broadcasting Service
2555:
1918:Chatham Dockyard Union Flag
1815:Transport Catalina Airlines
999:
903:operates flights under the
513:from 1943 to 1950 include:
327:of the UK regional airline
105:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3067:
2585:Caves, Richard E. (1962).
1958:
1620:and the subcontracting of
1335:, which is fully owned by
1251:
758:Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector
488:-powered designs like the
338:
315:
32:Regional Airlines (France)
29:
2769:(Report). Washington, DC.
2662:"Frontline: Flying Cheap"
2535:Pan Am Clipper Connection
2400:Republic Express ops by
2191:Regional Express Airlines
1884:
1876:which operates under the
1618:Allegheny Commuter System
1592:Smaller commuter airlines
1353:
1276:This section needs to be
1254:List of regional airlines
1248:Current regional airlines
1059:With the introduction of
1039:
871:, which links the remote
807:regional airline partner
2311:Eastern Atlantis Express
2225:Former regional airlines
1673:changes its name to the
1400:Pacific Coastal Airlines
655:Airline Deregulation Act
2634:"Essential Air Service"
2491:Continental Jet Express
2370:New York Air Connection
2315:Eastern Express ops by
2037:
1598:Civil Aeronautics Board
1554:Independent contractors
1517:American Airlines Group
1477:American Eagle Airlines
1337:American Airlines Group
511:Civil Aeronautics Board
2301:Continental Connection
2203:states and territories
2147:
2070:
1953:
1901:
1842:
1786:Royal Hawaiian Airways
1782:Rocky Mountain Airways
1717:Atlantic City Airlines
1499:Mainline carrier-owned
1485:operating certificates
1161:Cayman Airways Express
1014:
978:
954:
935:Fokker F.27 Friendship
847:
821:Continental Connection
579:North Central Airlines
506:Local service carriers
448:local service carriers
331:
310:Official Airline Guide
273:
2820:. RAA. Archived from
2516:Northwest Jet AirLink
2331:Eastern Metro Express
2282:American Inter-Island
2134:
2057:
1943:
1898:Scandinavian Airlines
1892:
1836:
1339:and does business as
1069:Advanced Air Mobility
1012:
963:Aerospatiale Corvette
960:
932:
895:, contracting with a
837:
678:major airline carrier
663:Essential Air Service
554:Lake Central Airlines
509:") sanctioned by the
490:Fokker F27 Friendship
384:Trans-Canada Airlines
366:point-to-point routes
357:and propeller-driven
323:
264:
2539:Boston-Maine Airways
2278:America West Express
2258:Air Florida Commuter
2180:King Island Airlines
2155:Airlines of Tasmania
1865:Hyannis Air Service.
1762:New England Airlines
1747:Golden West Airlines
359:aircraft performance
165:improve this article
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
2798:atpflightschool.com
2413:Trans World Express
2344:Frontier JetExpress
2306:Continental Express
1839:Hyannis Air Service
1735:Cumberland Airlines
1721:Bar Harbor Airlines
1706:Alaska Aeronautical
1196:Moçambique Expresso
1101:Aer Lingus Regional
865:independent airline
772:'s regional sister
766:Iraq invaded Kuwait
620:West Coast Airlines
615:Trans-Texas Airways
539:Challenger Airlines
390:Shifting definition
2999:2005-08-06 at the
2433:US Airways Express
2286:AmericanConnection
2268:Allegheny Commuter
2263:AirTran JetConnect
2148:
2071:
2022:Lufthansa CityLine
1982:Alitalia CityLiner
1954:
1950:Alitalia CityLiner
1902:
1857:Nantucket Airlines
1843:
1714:Antilles Air Boats
1609:Allegheny Airlines
1481:Executive Airlines
1410:Perimeter Aviation
1371:Air Canada Express
1191:Lufthansa Regional
1121:Air Europa Express
1116:Air Canada Express
1106:Aeromexico Connect
1080:air rail alliances
1019:Colgan flight 3407
1015:
979:
955:
893:affiliated airline
848:
825:US Airways Express
519:Allegheny Airlines
332:
302:codeshare services
274:
180:"Regional airline"
3051:Regional airlines
2525:Republic Airlines
2511:Republic Airlines
2507:Frontier Airlines
2418:TranStar Sky Link
2391:Piedmont Commuter
2375:Northwest Airlink
2360:Midway Connection
2214:Skytrans Airlines
2165:Alliance Airlines
2136:Embraer 170-100LR
1935:low cost carriers
1811:Suburban Airlines
1798:Sky West Aviation
1757:Midstate Airlines
1738:Execuair Airlines
1527:Piedmont Airlines
1489:American Airlines
1467:Regional airlines
1390:Bearskin Airlines
1309:flagship carriers
1305:national airlines
1297:
1296:
1061:air taxi services
881:Mokulele Airlines
877:Anchorage, Alaska
859:Independent model
840:regional airliner
794:holding companies
696:American Airlines
609:Southwest Airways
599:Pioneer Air Lines
594:Piedmont Airlines
569:Monarch Air Lines
559:Mid-West Airlines
529:Bonanza Air Lines
412:Eastern Air Lines
306:commuter airlines
298:fee-for-departure
286:regional aircraft
259:
258:
251:
241:
240:
233:
215:
139:
138:
131:
113:, as appropriate.
75:
16:(Redirected from
3058:
3026:Continental 3407
2977:
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2969:
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2784:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2726:. Archived from
2720:
2714:
2713:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2690:. Archived from
2688:"RAA.com, Staff"
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2582:
2529:Midwest Airlines
2423:TW Express (TWE)
2396:Reno Air Express
2349:Grand Connection
2339:Frontier Express
2273:Aloha Island Air
2063:Textron Aviation
1828:parent companies
1806:Swift Aire Lines
1794:Seaplane Shuttle
1767:Pilgrim Airlines
1742:Florida Airlines
1731:Cochise Airlines
1658:1978 and onwards
1585:SkyWest Airlines
1580:Republic Airways
1505:Alaska Air Group
1446:Delta Connection
1292:
1289:
1283:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1221:Tunisair Express
1166:Delta Connection
1050:general aviation
913:commuter flights
905:Delta Connection
873:Aleutian Islands
863:Operating as an
760:and the 34 seat
649:Deregulation era
604:Southern Airways
544:Empire Air Lines
534:Central Airlines
278:regional airline
254:
247:
236:
229:
225:
222:
216:
214:
173:
149:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
18:Commuter airline
3066:
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3061:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3036:
3035:
3001:Wayback Machine
2985:
2980:
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2644:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2606:
2602:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2558:
2486:Royale Airlines
2451:
2446:
2365:Midwest Connect
2355:MarkAir Express
2296:Braniff Express
2246:
2227:
2129:
2115:Bangkok Airways
2105:
2040:
2007:Eastern Airways
1963:
1931:entrepreneurial
1887:
1874:Corvus Airlines
1837:Cessna 402C of
1824:
1790:Scenic Airlines
1726:Cascade Airways
1710:Altair Airlines
1697:Air New England
1628:1969 and before
1622:Henson Airlines
1594:
1589:
1550:
1539:Delta Air Lines
1473:AMR Corporation
1469:
1461:virtual airline
1438:
1427:(operating for
1415:Porter Airlines
1405:Pascan Aviation
1360:Canadian Arctic
1356:
1320:aircraft livery
1293:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1206:Porter Airlines
1176:Iberia Regional
1096:
1076:high-speed rail
1065:very light jets
1042:
1007:
1005:Labor relations
1002:
909:Delta Air Lines
907:brand name for
889:
861:
853:
712:aircraft cabins
704:United Airlines
700:Delta Air Lines
692:Alaska Airlines
687:
651:
629:
625:Wiggins Airways
589:Parks Air Lines
564:Mohawk Airlines
549:Florida Airways
524:Arizona Airways
473:
460:Air New England
392:
343:
337:
329:Eastern Airways
318:
255:
244:
243:
242:
237:
226:
220:
217:
174:
172:
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150:
135:
124:
118:
115:
100:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3064:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3034:
3033:
3013:
3008:
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2991:
2984:
2983:External links
2981:
2979:
2978:
2964:
2953:
2939:
2915:
2897:
2886:
2875:
2855:
2835:
2824:on 10 May 2012
2809:
2785:
2772:
2753:
2740:
2715:
2697:
2694:on 2012-03-02.
2679:
2653:
2642:
2626:
2600:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:Pan Am Express
2546:
2543:Pan Am Systems
2532:
2518:
2513:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2430:
2428:TWA Connection
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2385:Pan Am Express
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
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2352:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2313:
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2298:
2293:
2291:ATA Connection
2288:
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2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2245:
2242:
2226:
2223:
2222:
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2211:
2209:Sharp Airlines
2206:
2188:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
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2157:
2144:Darwin Airport
2128:
2125:
2124:
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2110:
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2097:
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2083:
2082:
2045:
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2039:
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2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:KLM Cityhopper
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Air France Hop
1969:
1924:parent company
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1867:
1854:
1851:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:SMB Stagelines
1800:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:Metro Airlines
1749:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
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1712:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1694:
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1683:
1679:
1678:
1664:
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1649:
1643:
1637:
1634:1969 and after
1631:
1625:
1613:large aircraft
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:GoJet Airlines
1567:
1562:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1496:
1468:
1465:
1450:United Express
1442:American Eagle
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1425:WestJet Encore
1422:
1420:Wasaya Airways
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Canadian North
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1355:
1352:
1341:American Eagle
1307:also known as
1295:
1294:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1252:Main article:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1236:WestJet Encore
1233:
1228:
1226:United Express
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:KLM Cityhopper
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:American Eagle
1143:
1138:
1136:Alaska SkyWest
1133:
1131:Alaska Horizon
1128:
1126:Air France Hop
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1041:
1038:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
947:KLM Cityhopper
888:
885:
860:
857:
852:
851:Business model
849:
829:United Express
805:United Express
747:Embraer E-Jets
716:travel classes
686:
683:
650:
647:
643:I. E. Quastler
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
584:Ozark Airlines
581:
576:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
515:
494:BAC One-Eleven
472:
469:
396:trunk carriers
391:
388:
355:air navigation
351:rail transport
339:Main article:
336:
333:
317:
314:
257:
256:
239:
238:
153:
151:
144:
137:
136:
97:of the subject
95:worldwide view
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3063:
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3049:
3047:
3046:Airline types
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3019:
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3014:
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3007:
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2799:
2795:
2789:
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2776:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2730:on 2007-10-11
2729:
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2711:
2707:
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2693:
2689:
2683:
2668:. Feb 9, 2010
2667:
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2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:is shuttered)
2530:
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2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Lynx Aviation
2499:
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2380:Ozark Midwest
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2010:
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1911:For example,
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1891:
1879:
1875:
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1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:Pacific Wings
1845:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1818:Tyee Airlines
1817:
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1809:
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1702:Air Wisconsin
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1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Mesa Airlines
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Air Wisconsin
1558:
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1436:United States
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3022:Flying Cheap
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2967:
2956:
2942:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:
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2889:
2878:
2867:. Retrieved
2858:
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2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:the original
2812:
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2756:
2743:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:the original
2718:
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2692:the original
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
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2645:
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2619:22 September
2617:. Retrieved
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2509:operated by
2452:
2442:Express (OO)
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2095:IndiaOne Air
2084:
2075:Alliance Air
2067:Independence
2065:facility in
2061:aircraft at
2059:IndiaOne Air
2046:
1997:Blue Islands
1992:BA CityFlyer
1967:Air Dolomiti
1955:
1946:Embraer E195
1928:
1917:
1913:BA CityFlyer
1910:
1903:
1870:Ravn Connect
1869:
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1821:Zia Airlines
1687:Air Carolina
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1544:Endeavor Air
1532:PSA Airlines
1498:
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1373:operated by
1357:
1345:
1328:code sharing
1324:subsidiaries
1317:
1298:
1285:
1277:
1241:WestJet Link
1156:BA CityFlyer
1151:Azul Conecta
1141:Alliance Air
1073:
1058:
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994:
986:
980:
939:KLM Airlines
917:
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901:Endeavor Air
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778:regional jet
751:
727:regional jet
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478:Douglas DC-3
474:
471:Early growth
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292:flights. In
277:
275:
272:in the 1990s
245:
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221:October 2007
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175:
163:Please help
158:verification
155:
125:
116:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
2527:even after
2478:airline hub
2467:Embraer 190
2459:Douglas DC9
2351:(Alpha Air)
2250:airline hub
2027:TAP Express
1977:Air Nostrum
1878:Ravn Alaska
1777:Rio Airways
1692:Air Midwest
1510:Horizon Air
1380:Air Creebec
1216:TAP Express
1201:PAL Express
990:Fokker F-27
951:Cabin Staff
949:. In 1976
762:Dornier 328
685:1990s–2000s
667:communities
464:Air Florida
424:Continental
266:Flight West
3040:Categories
2933:2021-12-13
2924:"About Us"
2869:2007-10-01
2803:2023-10-20
2734:2007-10-01
2573:References
2476:, serving
2463:Fokker F28
2455:Boeing 727
2185:QantasLink
2170:FlyPelican
2121:Thai Smile
1959:See also:
1841:– Cape Air
1565:CommuteAir
1456:airlines.
1211:QantasLink
975:Air France
967:Air Alsace
924:Air France
844:lavatories
817:Colgan Air
798:code-share
653:Since the
335:Background
191:newspapers
57:improve it
3017:Frontline
2849:USA Today
2199:Australia
2197:group in
2127:Australia
2079:Air India
1522:Envoy Air
1385:Air Tindi
1333:Envoy Air
1171:Fiji Link
1034:Frontline
1024:Frontline
971:Air Alpes
920:Air Alpes
809:CommutAir
720:turboprop
710:designed
482:turboprop
440:Northwest
436:Northeast
270:Australia
107:talk page
63:talk page
2997:Archived
2595:62017216
2556:See also
2523:(ops by
2175:Fly Tiwi
2160:Airnorth
2140:Airnorth
2109:Thailand
2100:Star Air
2032:Twin Jet
2017:Loganair
1861:Cape Air
1454:mainline
1315:owners.
1313:mainline
1288:May 2014
1000:Industry
786:Canadair
731:aircraft
724:turbofan
671:suburban
575:in 1950)
573:Frontier
432:National
400:American
290:mainline
119:May 2017
101:You may
2521:Midwest
2474:BAE 146
2439:Western
2146:in 2010
2002:CityJet
1987:Aurigny
1922:of its
1894:CityJet
1429:WestJet
1278:updated
782:Embraer
743:CRJ1000
458:, both
444:Western
420:Capital
416:Braniff
316:History
312:(OAG).
308:in the
282:airline
205:scholar
3030:safety
2828:28 May
2672:1 June
2593:
2470:E-jets
2195:Qantas
2090:FlyBig
1920:livery
1906:Europe
1885:Europe
1830:were:
1354:Canada
1040:Future
891:As an
879:, and
869:PenAir
774:Comair
739:CRJ900
735:CRJ700
404:United
207:
200:
193:
186:
178:
2910:(PDF)
2472:, or
2326:(PRE)
2323:(PBA)
2320:(AMD)
2317:(AJC)
2043:India
1181:J-Air
770:Delta
722:, to
702:, or
659:rural
637:, by
428:Delta
378:like
212:JSTOR
198:books
109:, or
2830:2012
2674:2012
2621:2017
2591:LCCN
2408:(MQ)
2405:(XJ)
2402:(9E)
2038:Asia
1667:1981
1652:1978
1646:1977
1640:1972
1605:1967
1479:and
1448:and
1375:Jazz
1362:and
1111:AJet
1086:and
1063:and
1054:VLJs
1044:The
933:NLM
754:DC-3
669:and
641:and
492:and
462:and
442:and
410:and
382:and
184:news
2710:PBS
2614:Inc
2142:at
2138:of
1948:of
1944:An
1299:In
1090:).
982:NLM
965:of
961:An
943:NLM
875:to
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486:jet
484:or
408:TWA
167:by
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