816:
56:
2379:
2389:
2368:
2399:
1026:
also rely highly on TCP/IP for communication across machines. They connect thousands of servers, are designed to be highly robust, provide low latency and high bandwidth. Data center network topology plays a significant role in determining the level of failure resiliency, ease of incremental
1015:
MANs do not generally belong to a single organization. The equipment that interconnects the network, the links, and the MAN itself are often owned by an association or a network provider that provides or leases the service to
1035:
In analogy to the improvements in the speed and capacity of digital computers, provided by advances in semiconductor technology and expressed in the bi-yearly doubling of transistor density, which is described empirically by
985:(TCP/IP) provide the control and routing of messages across the and IP data network. There are many different network structures that IP can be used across to efficiently route messages, for example:
719:
Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass the message from an originating node to the destination node, via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a
1019:
A MAN is a means for sharing resources at high speeds within the network. It often provides connections to WAN networks for access to resources outside the scope of the MAN.
758:
In general, every telecommunications network conceptually consists of three parts, or planes (so-called because they can be thought of as being and often are, separate
1643:
962:. Data networks can be connected to allow users seamless access to resources that are hosted outside of the particular provider they are connected to. The
1040:, the capacity and speed of telecommunications networks have followed similar advances, for similar reasons. In telecommunication, this is expressed in
1105:
572:
1135:
2351:
2323:
2318:
1343:
2433:
1156:
Noormohammadpour, Mohammad; Raghavendra, Cauligi (28 July 2018). "Datacenter
Traffic Control: Understanding Techniques and Tradeoffs".
789:
679:
2423:
945:
1048:
of telecommunication networks doubles every 18 months, which has proven to be true since the 1970s. The trend is evident in the
704:
that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of
2345:
17:
1012:
The area of the network size is between LANs and WANs. The MAN will have a physical area between 5 and 50 km in diameter.
2340:
2330:
2310:
2112:
1290:
1477:
2402:
2335:
2181:
2107:
562:
291:
2201:
1304:
1253:
739:
1986:
1534:
1336:
636:
219:
792:
traffic required for network management. The management plane is sometimes considered a part of the control plane.
2097:
532:
2092:
778:
522:
770:(also user plane, bearer plane, or forwarding plane) carries the network's users' traffic, the actual payload.
517:
2428:
2117:
672:
631:
148:
1101:
723:
for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the
2392:
2153:
2050:
1593:
1388:
1360:
477:
321:
268:
83:
512:
2382:
1889:
1329:
938:
2102:
1809:
897:
641:
547:
542:
507:
306:
143:
2013:
1974:
1819:
1719:
1648:
1581:
1408:
1081:
995:
892:
229:
1131:
2372:
1614:
1549:
1502:
1462:
830:
665:
567:
527:
34:
958:
Data networks are used extensively throughout the world for communication between individuals and
425:
2211:
2196:
2040:
1991:
1914:
1814:
1492:
1378:
1373:
982:
919:
701:
648:
467:
234:
168:
123:
815:
2133:
1919:
1734:
1679:
1674:
1487:
1452:
931:
552:
537:
452:
2035:
1839:
1804:
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1704:
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1435:
1065:
1045:
909:
877:
840:
653:
472:
442:
331:
286:
1368:
1949:
1909:
1879:
1636:
1571:
1393:
855:
845:
420:
301:
8:
1959:
1899:
1658:
1620:
1418:
1403:
1023:
457:
326:
316:
311:
163:
108:
98:
2186:
2143:
2074:
1944:
1874:
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1631:
1352:
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1223:
1183:
1165:
1061:
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850:
296:
249:
224:
113:
103:
2226:
2148:
2062:
2045:
2008:
1854:
1684:
1653:
1519:
1413:
1286:
1249:
1044:, proposed by and named after Phil Edholm in 2004. This empirical law holds that the
989:
904:
835:
709:
705:
697:
593:
259:
209:
118:
93:
1894:
1300:
1227:
1187:
750:
network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
2231:
2191:
2171:
2138:
2067:
2025:
1939:
1794:
1779:
1754:
1729:
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1539:
1398:
1383:
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1215:
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1053:
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804:
785:
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713:
352:
341:
239:
199:
183:
1859:
1714:
1482:
1457:
1445:
1041:
967:
759:
720:
588:
369:
244:
153:
88:
42:
1275:
2009 2nd
International Workshop on Electron Devices and Semiconductor Technology
1271:"From millibits to terabits per second and beyond – over 60 years of innovation"
2057:
1929:
1904:
1864:
1834:
1709:
1544:
1497:
1472:
1430:
1219:
1179:
1037:
882:
598:
404:
379:
374:
348:
337:
214:
178:
173:
133:
71:
1282:
1068:. This development is the consequence of rapid advances in the development of
2417:
2206:
1979:
1969:
1884:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1744:
1566:
1425:
774:
724:
557:
462:
447:
389:
138:
128:
2084:
1924:
1869:
1799:
1764:
1699:
1598:
1588:
1440:
1057:
959:
870:
860:
502:
399:
254:
1270:
2284:
1934:
1844:
1829:
1789:
1749:
1608:
825:
2289:
1996:
1694:
1603:
1559:
1529:
1507:
978:
974:
767:
437:
394:
384:
2274:
1739:
1554:
1321:
602:
158:
1008:
There are three features that differentiate MANs from LANs or WANs:
55:
2269:
2259:
2176:
2001:
1824:
1170:
1049:
963:
914:
735:
2264:
2249:
1467:
1246:
Time
Multiplexed Beam-Forming with Space-Frequency Transformation
1102:"Telecommunication Network - Types of Telecommunication Networks"
2294:
2254:
1576:
1069:
2279:
2216:
1524:
747:
743:
2221:
1155:
865:
1244:
Deng, Wei; Mahmoudi, Reza; van
Roermund, Arthur (2012).
1243:
1206:
Cherry, Steven (2004). "Edholm's law of bandwidth".
970:
of many data networks from different organizations.
2415:
1027:expansion, communication bandwidth and latency.
730:Examples of telecommunications networks include
1337:
939:
673:
2352:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1158:IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
1126:
1124:
1122:
777:carries control information (also known as
2388:
1344:
1330:
946:
932:
680:
666:
1169:
790:operations, administration and management
1201:
1199:
1197:
1119:
27:Network for communications over distance
14:
2416:
1351:
1268:
1205:
977:like the Internet are addressed using
1325:
1262:
1194:
1030:
2398:
1239:
1237:
1070:metal-oxide-semiconductor technology
753:
24:
25:
2445:
2434:Telecommunications infrastructure
1248:. New York: Springer. p. 1.
1234:
1132:"Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)"
740:public switched telephone network
716:, to pass messages and signals.
2397:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2366:
1987:Free-space optical communication
814:
796:
54:
1307:from the original on 2019-08-23
1138:from the original on 2015-10-10
1108:from the original on 2014-07-15
2424:Telecommunications engineering
1149:
1094:
13:
1:
1087:
2373:Telecommunication portal
2154:Telecommunications equipment
7:
1890:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1075:
966:is the best example of the
10:
2450:
1594:Telecommunications history
1269:Jindal, Renuka P. (2009).
1220:10.1109/MSPEC.2004.1309810
1180:10.1109/COMST.2017.2782753
996:Metropolitan area networks
746:network, the aeronautical
694:telecommunications network
2361:
2303:
2240:
2202:Public Switched Telephone
2162:
2126:
2083:
2024:
2014:telecommunication circuit
1975:Fiber-optic communication
1958:
1720:Francis Blake (telephone)
1667:
1515:Optical telecommunication
1359:
1283:10.1109/EDST.2009.5166093
1082:Transcoder free operation
1062:wired local area networks
533:Exponential random (ERGM)
200:Informational (computing)
2113:Orbital angular-momentum
1550:Satellite communications
1389:Communications satellite
898:Municipal wireless (MWN)
702:telecommunications links
220:Scientific collaboration
1992:Molecular communication
1815:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1644:Undersea telegraph line
1379:Cable protection system
983:Internet protocol suite
920:Interplanetary Internet
649:Category:Network theory
169:Preferential attachment
2134:Communication protocol
1920:Charles Sumner Tainter
1735:Walter Houser Brattain
1680:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1488:Information revolution
1066:personal area networks
973:Terminals attached to
538:Random geometric (RGG)
18:Communication networks
2108:Polarization-division
1840:Narinder Singh Kapany
1805:Erna Schneider Hoover
1725:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1705:Alexander Graham Bell
1436:online video platform
654:Category:Graph theory
2429:Network architecture
1950:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1910:Almon Brown Strowger
1880:Charles Grafton Page
1535:Prepaid mobile phone
1463:Electrical telegraph
1024:Data center networks
1900:Johann Philipp Reis
1659:Wireless revolution
1621:The Telephone Cases
1478:Hydraulic telegraph
1002:Local area networks
981:. Protocols of the
742:(PSTN), the global
458:Degree distribution
109:Community structure
2098:Frequency-division
2075:Telephone exchange
1945:Charles Wheatstone
1875:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1850:Innocenzo Manzetti
1785:Reginald Fessenden
1520:Optical telegraphy
1353:Telecommunications
1134:. Erg.abdn.ac.uk.
1031:Capacity and speed
990:Wide area networks
893:Metropolitan (MAN)
700:interconnected by
642:Network scientists
568:Soft configuration
2411:
2410:
2149:Store and forward
2144:Data transmission
2058:Network switching
2009:Transmission line
1855:Guglielmo Marconi
1820:Internet pioneers
1685:Mohamed M. Atalla
1654:Whistled language
1292:978-1-4244-3831-0
956:
955:
754:Network structure
732:computer networks
710:message switching
706:circuit switching
690:
689:
610:
609:
518:Bianconi–Barabási
412:
411:
230:Artificial neural
205:Telecommunication
16:(Redirected from
2441:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2242:Notable networks
2232:Wireless network
2172:Cellular network
2164:Types of network
2139:Computer network
2026:Network topology
1940:Thomas A. Watson
1795:Oliver Heaviside
1780:Philo Farnsworth
1755:Daniel Davis Jr.
1730:Charles Bourseul
1690:John Logie Baird
1399:Data compression
1394:Computer network
1346:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1277:. pp. 1–6.
1266:
1260:
1259:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1173:
1164:(2): 1492–1525.
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1098:
948:
941:
934:
831:Near-field (NFC)
818:
805:Computer network
801:
800:
786:management plane
760:overlay networks
727:of the network.
714:packet switching
682:
675:
668:
553:Stochastic block
543:Hyperbolic (HGN)
492:
491:
355:
344:
276:
275:
184:Social influence
58:
30:
29:
21:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2299:
2236:
2158:
2122:
2079:
2028:
2020:
1961:
1954:
1860:Robert Metcalfe
1715:Tim Berners-Lee
1663:
1483:Information Age
1355:
1350:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1242:
1235:
1204:
1195:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1078:
1033:
968:internetworking
952:
861:Wireless (WLAN)
808:
799:
756:
721:network address
686:
624:
589:Boolean network
563:Maximum entropy
513:Barabási–Albert
430:
347:
336:
124:Controllability
89:Complex network
76:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
43:Network science
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2447:
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2409:
2408:
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2405:
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2385:
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2338:
2333:
2328:
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2321:
2313:
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2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Space-division
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1930:Camille Tissot
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Claude Shannon
1902:
1897:
1895:Tivadar Puskás
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Antonio Meucci
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:Charles K. Kao
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Harold Hopkins
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Emile Berliner
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Videotelephony
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1545:Radiotelephone
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Internet video
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1291:
1261:
1254:
1233:
1193:
1148:
1118:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1032:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1005:
999:
993:
954:
953:
951:
950:
943:
936:
928:
925:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
901:
900:
890:
885:
880:
875:
874:
873:
868:
866:Virtual (VLAN)
863:
858:
848:
843:
841:Personal (PAN)
838:
833:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
798:
795:
794:
793:
782:
771:
755:
752:
696:is a group of
688:
687:
685:
684:
677:
670:
662:
659:
658:
657:
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651:
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619:
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611:
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591:
583:
582:
578:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
528:Watts–Strogatz
525:
520:
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510:
505:
497:
496:
488:
487:
483:
482:
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428:
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409:
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407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
364:
363:
359:
358:
357:
356:
349:Incidence list
345:
338:Adjacency list
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
307:Data structure
304:
299:
294:
289:
281:
280:
272:
271:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
235:Interdependent
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
194:
193:
189:
188:
187:
186:
181:
179:Network effect
176:
174:Balance theory
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
134:Social capital
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
78:
77:
75:
74:
68:
65:
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53:
52:
51:
50:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2422:
2421:
2419:
2404:
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2394:
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2384:
2376:
2374:
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2363:
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2347:
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2342:
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2334:
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2325:
2322:
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2317:
2316:
2314:
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2306:
2302:
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2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2118:Code-division
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:Time-division
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:and switching
2027:
2023:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:optical fiber
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Coaxial cable
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Radia Perlman
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
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1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Lee de Forest
1773:
1771:
1770:Thomas Edison
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Donald Davies
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Claude Chappe
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
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1726:
1723:
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1613:
1610:
1607:
1605:
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1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Smoke signals
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:Semiconductor
1565:
1561:
1558:
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1556:
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1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:Digital media
1424:
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1400:
1397:
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1257:
1255:9781461450450
1251:
1247:
1240:
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1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:IEEE Spectrum
1202:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
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1137:
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1055:
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1028:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
986:
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
960:organizations
949:
944:
942:
937:
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930:
929:
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926:
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891:
889:
886:
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872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:Storage (SAN)
854:
853:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
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822:
821:
817:
813:
812:
806:
803:
802:
797:Data networks
791:
787:
783:
780:
776:
775:control plane
772:
769:
765:
764:
763:
761:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
725:address space
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
683:
678:
676:
671:
669:
664:
663:
661:
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638:
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629:
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614:
613:
604:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
585:
584:
580:
579:
574:
573:LFR Benchmark
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:Blockmodeling
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Fitness model
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
494:
493:
490:
489:
485:
484:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Assortativity
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
433:
427:
424:
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415:
406:
403:
401:
398:
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368:
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366:
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343:
339:
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333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
273:
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267:
266:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:
192:Network types
191:
190:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:Link analysis
137:
135:
132:
130:
129:Graph drawing
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
73:
70:
69:
67:
66:
57:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2241:
2163:
2085:Multiplexing
1960:Transmission
1925:Nikola Tesla
1915:Henry Sutton
1870:Samuel Morse
1800:Robert Hooke
1765:Amos Dolbear
1700:John Bardeen
1619:
1599:Telautograph
1503:Mobile phone
1458:Edholm's law
1441:social media
1374:Broadcasting
1309:. Retrieved
1274:
1264:
1245:
1214:(7): 58–60.
1211:
1207:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1110:. Retrieved
1096:
1064:(LANs), and
1042:Edholm's law
1034:
1022:
1007:
979:IP addresses
972:
957:
883:Campus (CAN)
788:carries the
757:
729:
718:
693:
691:
548:Hierarchical
503:Random graph
351: /
340: /
322:Neighborhood
204:
164:Transitivity
144:Optimization
2285:NPL network
1997:Radio waves
1935:Alfred Vail
1845:Hedy Lamarr
1830:Dawon Kahng
1790:Elisha Gray
1750:Yogen Dalal
1675:Nasir Ahmed
1609:Teleprinter
1473:Heliographs
1038:Moore's law
975:IP networks
851:Local (LAN)
594:agent based
508:Erdős–Rényi
149:Reciprocity
114:Percolation
99:Small-world
2418:Categories
2331:Antarctica
2290:Toasternet
2212:Television
1695:Paul Baran
1627:Television
1611:(teletype)
1604:Telegraphy
1582:transistor
1560:Phryctoria
1530:Photophone
1508:Smartphone
1498:Mass media
1311:2019-10-14
1171:1712.03530
1142:2013-06-15
1112:2014-07-14
1088:References
1056:(mobile),
905:Wide (WAN)
871:Home (HAN)
768:data plane
621:Categories
478:Efficiency
473:Modularity
453:Clustering
438:Centrality
426:Algorithms
250:Dependency
225:Biological
104:Scale-free
2315:Americas
2304:Locations
2275:Internet2
2036:Bandwidth
1740:Vint Cerf
1637:streaming
1615:Telephone
1555:Semaphore
1446:streaming
1046:bandwidth
826:Nanoscale
779:signaling
370:Bipartite
292:Component
210:Transport
159:Homophily
119:Evolution
94:Contagion
2383:Category
2270:Internet
2260:CYCLADES
2177:Ethernet
2127:Concepts
2051:terminal
2002:wireless
1825:Bob Kahn
1668:Pioneers
1493:Internet
1384:Cable TV
1305:Archived
1301:25112828
1228:27580722
1188:28143006
1136:Archived
1106:Archived
1076:See also
1058:wireless
1054:cellular
1050:Internet
964:Internet
915:Internet
888:Backbone
878:Building
809:by scale
736:Internet
637:Software
599:Epidemic
581:Dynamics
495:Topology
468:Distance
405:Weighted
380:Directed
375:Complete
279:Features
240:Semantic
35:a series
33:Part of
2403:Commons
2393:Outline
2346:Oceania
2265:FidoNet
2250:ARPANET
2063:circuit
1632:digital
1361:History
1016:others.
846:Near-me
421:Metrics
390:Labeled
260:on-Chip
245:Spatial
154:Closure
2341:Europe
2311:Africa
2295:Usenet
2255:BITNET
2192:Mobile
2068:packet
1577:MOSFET
1572:device
1369:Beacon
1299:
1289:
1252:
1226:
1186:
738:, the
734:, the
632:Topics
486:Models
443:Degree
400:Random
353:matrix
342:matrix
332:Vertex
287:Clique
269:Graphs
215:Social
72:Theory
2324:South
2319:North
2280:JANET
2217:Telex
2207:Radio
2046:Nodes
2041:Links
1962:media
1540:Radio
1525:Pager
1453:Drums
1419:video
1414:image
1404:audio
1297:S2CID
1224:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1166:arXiv
1004:(LAN)
998:(MAN)
992:(WAN)
910:Cloud
807:types
748:ACARS
744:Telex
712:, or
698:nodes
618:Lists
448:Motif
395:Multi
385:Hyper
362:Types
302:Cycle
84:Graph
2336:Asia
2222:UUCP
2182:ISDN
1287:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1060:and
836:Body
784:The
773:The
766:The
327:Path
317:Loop
312:Edge
255:Flow
2227:WAN
2197:NGN
2187:LAN
1468:Fax
1409:DCT
1279:doi
1216:doi
1176:doi
762:):
603:SIR
297:Cut
2420::
1303:.
1295:.
1285:.
1273:.
1236:^
1222:.
1212:41
1210:.
1196:^
1182:.
1174:.
1162:20
1160:.
1121:^
1104:.
1072:.
1052:,
781:).
708:,
692:A
37:on
2354:)
2350:(
1345:e
1338:t
1331:v
1314:.
1281::
1258:.
1230:.
1218::
1190:.
1178::
1168::
1145:.
1115:.
947:e
940:t
933:v
681:e
674:t
667:v
601:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
