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83:(CFA) marker technique, and the unmeasured latent method construct (ULMC) technique. Only the CFA marker technique turns out to provide some value, whereas the commonly used Harman test does not turn out to provide such value. A comprehensive example of this technique has been demonstrated by Williams et al. (2010). Kock (2015) discusses a full collinearity test that is successful in the identification of common method bias with a model that nevertheless passes standard convergent and discriminant validity assessment criteria based on a CFA.
49:, the intercorrelations among them can be inflated or deflated depending upon several factors. Although it is sometimes assumed that CMV affects all variables, evidence suggests that whether or not the correlation between two variables is affected by CMV is a function of both the method and the particular constructs being measured.
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the measures are assumed to represent" or equivalently as "systematic error variance shared among variables measured with and introduced as a function of the same method and/or source". For example, an electronic survey method might influence results for those who might be unfamiliar with an
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remedies exist that help to avoid or minimize possible common method variance. Important remedies have been compiled and discussed by Chang et al. (2010), Lindell & Whitney (2001) and
Podsakoff et al. (2003).
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Richardson, H.A.; Simmering, M.J.; Sturman, M.C. (October 2009). "A tale of three perspectives: Examining post hoc statistical techniques for detection and correction of common method variance".
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Williams, L. J.; Brown, B. K. (1994). "Method variance in organizational behavior and human resources research: Effects on correlations, path coefficients, and hypothesis testing".
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Williams, L.J.; Hartman, N.; Cavazotte, F. (July 2010). "Method variance and marker variables: A review and comprehensive CFA marker technique".
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electronic survey interface differently than for those who might be familiar. If measures are affected by CMV or
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Spector, P. E. (2006). "Method
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techniques to test for common method variance: the correlational marker technique, the
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