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949:(appearing in 1895) has been credited as establishing the form and conventions of the comic strip, though academics have uncovered earlier works that combine speech bubbles and a multi image narrative. However, the popularity of Outcalt's work and the position of the strip in a newspaper retains credit as a driving force of the form.
789:): "To construct a picture-story does not mean you must set yourself up as a master craftsman, to draw out every potential from your material—often down to the dregs! It does not mean you just devise caricatures with a pencil naturally frivolous. Nor is it simply to dramatize a proverb or illustrate a
615:
The first two of six plates in
Hogarth's "Marriage Ă la Mode" series. The first plate depicts the signing of a marriage contract between the wealthy Lord Squanderfield and the bride's poor merchant father. The second plate depicts a morning in the couple's home after a night out. The dog pulls a
793:. You must actually invent some kind of play, where the parts are arranged by plan and form a satisfactory whole. You do not merely pen a joke or put a refrain in couplets. You make a book: good or bad, sober or silly, crazy or sound in sense."
701:. They now represented narrative, but for identification purposes rather than dialogue within the work, and artists soon discarded them in favour of running dialogue underneath the panels. Speech balloons were not reintroduced to the form until
734:, it lampooned the fashions and politics of the times. It had most of the elements that make up the modern comic, including pictures with captions that display a continuous narrative told often in installments, and the use of speech bubbles,
830:
of the day, who were themselves organising an exhibition of cartoons, or preparatory drawings, at the time. This usage became common parlance, lasting to the present day. Similar magazines containing cartoons in continental Europe included
748:
Swiss artist, was a key figure in the early part of the 19th century. Töpffer's sequentially illustrated stories, with text compartmentalized below images, were reprinted throughout Europe. In 1837, he published
1108:
to distinguish their work from mainstream newspaper strips and juvenile comic books. Their work was written for an adult audience but was usually comedic, so the "comic" label was still appropriate. The term
1091:
and from the 1970s
American comics publishers have actively encouraged collecting and shifted a large portion of comics publishing and production to appeal directly to the collector's community.
632:, was composed of a number of canvases, each reproduced as a print, and the eight prints together created a narrative. As printing techniques developed, due to the technological advances of the
636:, magazines and newspapers were established. These publications sometimes utilized illustrations as a means of commenting on political and social issues, such illustrations becoming known as "
1076:
to adult fantasies. Japanese manga is typically published in large anthologies, containing several hundred pages, and the stories told have long been used as sources for adaptation into
525:
An ancient tradition in India, possibly dating back to at least 700 BCE, had picture showmen narrating stories that were simultaneously presented in painted pictures (also the origin of
1583:
3436:
1032:(also a reprint collection of newspaper strips), was released in the U.S. in 1933 and by 1938 publishers were printing original material in the new format. It was at this point that
1563:
666:(1726), can be seen to establish a narrative over a number of images, it wasn't until the 19th century that the elements of such works began to crystallise into the
1442:
1098:, as an adjective describing a genre, and a noun designating an entire medium, has been criticised as confusing and misleading. In the 1960s and 1970s, underground
681:, a label, usually in the form of a scroll, which identified a character either through naming them or using a short text to explain their purpose. Artists such as
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of
American comic books. The genre lost popularity in the 1950s but re-established its domination of the form from the 1960s until the late 20th century.
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described in 2000 how creators of online comics can revolutionize the medium by embracing the digital space and making use of techniques such as
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proliferated, and translated versions created a market on both continents for similar works. In 1845, Töpffer formalised his thoughts on the
908:
published by
Dalziel Brothers, eight pages long and printed in black and white at tabloid size. The magazine was extremely popular with the
3255:
522:. In medieval paintings, multiple sequential scenes of the same story (usually a Biblical one) appear simultaneously in the same painting.
2019:
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was popularized in the late 1970s, having been coined at least two decades previous, to distance the material from this confusion.
427:
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In the 1980s, comics scholarship started to blossom in the U.S., and a resurgence in the popularity of comics was seen, with
1064:, who expanded the page count of work to number in the hundreds, and who developed a filmic style, heavily influenced by the
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by a German newspaper. Busch refined the conventions of sequential art, and his work was a key influence within the form,
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2413:
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Smolderen, Thierry (Summer 2006). "Of Labels, Loops, and
Bubbles: Solving the Historical Puzzle of the Speech Balloon".
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and may have had a circulation as high as 350,000. In 1890, two more comic magazines debuted to the
British public,
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has followed different paths in different parts of the world. It can be traced back to early precursors such as
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581:. Occasionally, prints would contain several images to relate multiple scenes of a narrative, for instance in
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626:(1697–1764). Hogarth created seven sets of sequential images on "Modern Moral Subjects". One of his works,
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bonnet out of the husband's pocket which may allude to infidelity as the wife is already wearing a bonnet.
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In Japan, a country with a long tradition of illustration, comics were hugely popular. Referred to as
826:, launched in 1841, referred to its 'humorous pencilings' as cartoons in a satirical reference to the
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as a widely distributed medium that combined many images with text in order to bring the teachings of
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It took the invention of modern printing techniques to bring the form to a wide audience and become a
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and created a market for further such works. The same period in the United States had seen newspaper
730:, published in 1826, was arguably the first comic magazine. A satirical publication, later known as
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of the time. The
Japanese market expanded its range to cover works in many genres, from juvenile
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820:. (In art, a cartoon is a pencil or charcoal sketch to be overpainted.) The British magazine
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1185:. Webcomics became more prolific in the early 2000s, as respected comics awards such as the
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The earliest examples of humans using illustration for storytelling purposes goes back to
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for a low cost. Hosting providers specifically designed for webcomics, such as
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1015:, a reprint collection of newspaper strips, published in tabloid size in 1929.
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904:. In 1884 the then highly popular character was spun off into his own comic,
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One of the first
British creators of sequential series of satirical art was
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2001:"A Brief History of Webcomics – The Third Age of Webcomics, Part One"
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1273:"Oldest known picture story is a 51,000-year-old Indonesian cave painting"
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The 1920s and 1930s saw further booms within the industry. The market for
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During the latter half of the 20th century comics became a very popular
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as the cover feature. The popularity of the character swiftly enshrined
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816:, which regularly appeared in newspapers and magazines, gained a name:
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Through the 17th and 18th centuries, prints began to tackle aspects of
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1951:
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1564:"Have I got old news for you: Glasgow is home to world's oldest comic"
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2187:
1584:"Did you know that the first ever comic book was created in Glasgow?"
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strips launched. The collection of such material also began, with
978:
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also evolved over the centuries, from the medieval origins of the
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3437:
Association des
Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
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1512:
International
Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature
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1057:
796:
481:
274:
1791:
1972:
Taylor, Laurie; Martin, Cathlena; & Houp, Trena (2004)
477:
449:
1321:, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 62, No. 1 (2003), pp. 25-64
1060:, the Japanese form was established after World War II by
886:
The first weekly comic to feature a regular character was
2108:
961:
in Britain turned to targeting children through juvenile
790:
757:
which was also published in the United States in 1842 as
1857:
1476:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 20.
1161:, artists have been able to self-publish comics on the
987:
newspaper strip for a Belgian-market comic supplement,
1845:
1471:
1647:, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp.4. (1969)
589:(1576) and the murder of Henry III of France (1589).
1625:
1490:
1204:
1875:Marschall, Richard (February, 1989). "Oh You Kid".
1443:"Marriage Ă la Mode Plate 2 (Early in the Morning)"
1820:
649:A True Narrative of the Horrid Hellish Popish Plot
3452:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
3593:
1001:expand their subject matter beyond humour, with
939:work in combining speech balloons and images on
643:While surviving works of these periods, such as
3251:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
1535:
1331:Orr, Inge C. (1974). "Puppet Theatre in Asia".
892:, which debuted in the British humour magazine
3442:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3330:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
1740:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
1508:
1474:The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture
539:
2124:
2060:
1948:"The history of the term 'graphic novel' ..."
1818:
1365:
993:; this was successfully collected in a bound
697:, though at this time they were still called
421:
2020:"The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck Part III"
750:
1764:
1715:St James Encyclopedia of pop culture (2002)
952:
882:First serialized comics for a mass audience
3490:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3288:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
2131:
2117:
1792:Andrew Edgar, Peter Sedgwick, ed. (2007).
1080:. In Japan, such films are referred to as
802:Some of the Mysteries of Loan and Discount
463:
428:
414:
3485:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3399:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2098:
1542:. Harvard University Press. p. 258.
1509:Dennis Gifford (2013). Peter Hunt (ed.).
1496:
556:densely illustrated versions of the Bible
491:over 50,000 years ago. Examples of early
3447:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
2017:
1998:
1631:
1472:Duncan, Randy; Matthew J. Smith (2009).
795:
712:
467:
2044:Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art
2041:
1827:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp.
1369:
550:Early printed material concentrated on
14:
3594:
2061:Perry, George; Aldridge, Alan (1989).
1882:
1708:
1672:
1650:
1126:producing notable superhero works and
3305:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
2112:
2079:
1966:
1936:
1869:
1863:
1851:
1728:
1702:
1693:
1637:
1373:
1311:
3256:Comics solicited but never published
1699:Varnum & Gibbons, 2001. pp.77-78
1324:
1270:
1264:
1029:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
932:periodical containing comic strips.
924:, establishing the tradition of the
872:was inspired by the strip to create
3576:
3404:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3394:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
2065:(Revised ed.). Penguin Books.
1330:
900:and illustrated by his French wife
708:
24:
1447:Savannah College of Art and Design
1416:Savannah College of Art and Design
1409:
1094:The modern double use of the term
800:Panels from the illustrated story
654:The Punishments of Lemuel Gulliver
514:, medieval tapestries such as the
25:
3613:
2024:The Search For Töpffer In America
1795:Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts
1440:
759:The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck
3575:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3542:
3505:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3419:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3320:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
1920:. March 18, 2008. Archived from
1243:History of Franco-Belgian comics
1207:
1022:soon followed. The first modern
605:
596:
397:
42:
3335:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
1992:
1979:ImageTexT Exhibit 1 (Fall 2004)
1906:
1812:
1785:
1758:
1601:
1576:
1556:
1529:
1515:. Routledge. pp. 239–241.
1502:
1339:(1). Nanzan University: 69–84.
3409:Comic Art Professional Society
2149:Glossary of comics terminology
2010:
1465:
1434:
1403:
1379:
1271:Thou, Sharlotte (2024-07-03).
13:
1:
3500:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
2082:Adult Comics: An Introduction
1914:"A History of the Comic Book"
1771:. Routledge. pp. 16–18.
1258:
1195:categories for digital comics
1157:. Since the inception of the
162:Comics by country and culture
3414:National Cartoonists Society
3203:Based on television programs
1999:Atchison, Lee (2008-01-07).
1319:Shadow Theaters of the World
858:1865 saw the publication of
7:
3345:Words & Pictures Museum
1643:Translated by Weiss, E. in
1200:
896:in 1867 and was created by
540:Early printing and cartoons
10:
3618:
3389:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3361:Center for Cartoon Studies
3283:Belgian Comic Strip Center
2138:
2063:The Penguin Book Of Comics
1680:"Original French, extract"
1228:History of American comics
906:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
889:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
753:Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois
732:The Northern Looking Glass
543:
518:and illustrated Christian
3537:
3495:Club des bandes dessinées
3475:
3427:
3381:
3374:
3353:
3273:
3229:Best-selling comic series
3216:
3185:
3154:
3145:
3125:
3014:
2918:
2868:
2852:
2843:
2807:Portrayal of black people
2772:
2719:
2559:
2548:
2481:
2454:
2401:
2368:
2313:
2277:
2155:
2146:
2018:Beerbohm, Robert (2003).
1798:. Routledge. p. 54.
1366:Perry & Aldridge 1989
1153:have grown in popularity
1024:American-style comic book
727:The Glasgow Looking Glass
472:Sequential depictions on
1658:Original French, extract
1539:On Glasgow and Edinburgh
1536:Robert Crawford (2013).
953:20th-century mass medium
705:used them for dialogue.
3300:British Cartoon Archive
3293:National Cartoon Museum
2042:McCloud, Scott (1993).
1890:the comics: Before 1945
1253:List of years in comics
787:Essai de physiognomonie
765:at the time meant that
529:with jointed puppets).
510:(dedicated in 110 AD),
464:Early narratives in art
3510:Finnish Comics Society
3467:Svenska Serieakademien
3457:Comics Studies Society
3325:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
2829:Women in Refrigerators
2824:The Hawkeye Initiative
2462:Female comics creators
2046:. Kitchen Sink Press.
1819:Lita Sorensen (2005).
1333:Asian Folklore Studies
1173:, allow for a type of
935:In the United States,
809:
783:Essay on Physiognomics
778:
751:
722:
573:, and also started to
546:Before 1900s in comics
484:
3246:Comic books on CD/DVD
2496:Comics historiography
2080:Sabin, Roger (1993).
1894:Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
1888:Walker, Brian (2004)
1317:Fan Pen Chen (2003),
1223:Comics historiography
875:The Katzenjammer Kids
799:
716:
652:(c. 1682) as well as
634:Industrial Revolution
585:'s depictions of the
471:
3462:Sequart Organization
3208:Based on video games
2790:Gender and webcomics
2355:Publishing companies
1765:Roger Sabin (2013).
1709:Gordon, Ian (2002).
1682:. Lekti-ecriture.com
1453:on December 26, 2013
1412:"Marriage Ă la Mode"
1283:Guardian Media Group
1233:History of animation
984:Adventures of Tintin
843:, while in the U.S.
779:histoire en estampes
497:Egyptian hieroglyphs
454:Egyptian hieroglyphs
327:South African comics
3520:The Hero Initiative
2800:American mainstream
2602:Comics in education
2205:Comic strip formats
2030:on January 21, 2013
1866:, pp. 133–134.
1155:since the mid-1990s
1133:Calvin & Hobbes
1089:item for collectors
703:Richard F. Outcault
685:helped codify such
562:to the illiterate.
31:
3561:Cartoon portal
3315:The Cartoon Museum
3310:Cartoon Art Museum
3034:France and Belgium
2819:Portrayal of women
2812:African characters
2780:Ethnic stereotypes
2003:. Sequential Tart.
1877:The Comics Journal
1609:"Rodolphe Töpffer"
1372:, pp. 11–14;
1147:being syndicated.
1102:used the spelling
1018:A market for such
990:Le Petit Vingtième
814:satirical drawings
810:
723:
552:religious subjects
485:
29:
3602:History of comics
3589:
3588:
3549:Comics portal
3533:
3532:
3366:The Kubert School
3269:
3268:
3141:
3140:
2839:
2838:
2764:Widescreen comics
2607:Comics journalism
2477:
2476:
2269:Political cartoon
2210:Daily comic strip
1902:978-0-8109-4970-6
1896:(United States).
1854:, pp. 17–21.
1645:Enter: The Comics
1422:on April 19, 2012
1387:"Frans Hogenberg"
1376:, pp. 13–14.
959:comic anthologies
921:Illustrated Chips
902:Émilie de Tessier
834:Fliegende Blätter
683:George Cruikshank
659:A Rake's Progress
629:A Rake's Progress
438:
437:
404:Comics portal
347:Vietnamese comics
317:Portuguese comics
307:Philippine comics
288:
221:
203:Australian comics
199:
143:Political cartoon
30:History of comics
16:(Redirected from
3609:
3579:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3525:Xeric Foundation
3379:
3378:
3193:Based on fiction
3152:
3151:
2926:China and Taiwan
2850:
2849:
2649:Graphic medicine
2592:Autobiographical
2557:
2556:
2535:Japanese (manga)
2441:Japanese (manga)
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2126:
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2110:
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2035:
2026:. Archived from
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1755:
1753:
1751:
1746:on July 28, 2005
1742:. Archived from
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1586:. Archived from
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1449:. Archived from
1441:Baron, Bernard.
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1418:. Archived from
1410:Scotin, GĂ©rard.
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1268:
1248:History of manga
1238:History of anime
1217:
1212:
1211:
1049:as the defining
1047:superhero comics
1003:action-adventure
937:R. F. Outcault's
767:pirated editions
756:
742:Rodolphe Töpffer
738:and caricature.
719:Rodolphe Töpffer
709:Form established
645:Francis Barlow's
609:
600:
495:can be found in
430:
423:
416:
402:
401:
302:Pakistani comics
282:
255:Hungarian comics
215:
208:Brazilian comics
185:
176:Argentine comics
46:
32:
28:
21:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3515:Friends of Lulu
3477:
3471:
3429:
3423:
3370:
3349:
3275:
3274:Collections and
3265:
3239:manga magazines
3212:
3181:
3172:Manga magazines
3137:
3121:
3010:
2914:
2864:
2835:
2768:
2739:Talking animals
2715:
2676:Science fiction
2587:Anthropomorphic
2553:and narratology
2552:
2544:
2491:Years in comics
2473:
2450:
2414:Jewish American
2397:
2364:
2309:
2273:
2193:Trade paperback
2151:
2142:
2137:
2107:
2092:
2073:
2054:
2033:
2031:
2013:
2008:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1364:
1360:
1345:10.2307/1177504
1329:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1275:. Archaeology.
1269:
1265:
1261:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1193:started adding
1183:infinite canvas
1066:Disney cartoons
1039:launched, with
955:
884:
711:
664:William Hogarth
624:William Hogarth
620:
619:
618:
617:
612:
611:
610:
602:
601:
583:Frans Hogenberg
548:
542:
516:Bayeux Tapestry
508:Trajan's Column
474:Trajan's Column
466:
458:Bayeux Tapestry
446:Trajan's Column
440:The history of
434:
396:
245:European comics
230:Croatian comics
225:Canadian comics
182:Bande dessinées
171:American comics
133:Trade paperback
51:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3563:
3551:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3476:Charitable and
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3261:Limited series
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:Based on films
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3110:United Kingdom
3107:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3031:
3026:
3024:Czech Republic
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2554:
2550:Comics studies
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2237:Digital comics
2234:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Ongoing series
2180:
2175:
2173:Limited series
2170:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2096:
2090:
2077:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2039:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1991:
1975:"Introduction"
1965:
1950:Archived from
1935:
1924:on 25 May 2013
1918:Random History
1905:
1881:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1837:
1811:
1804:
1784:
1777:
1757:
1727:
1701:
1692:
1671:
1649:
1636:
1624:
1600:
1575:
1555:
1548:
1528:
1521:
1501:
1497:Smolderen 2006
1489:
1482:
1464:
1433:
1402:
1378:
1368:, p. 11;
1358:
1323:
1310:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1202:
1199:
1177:of webcomics.
1159:World Wide Web
1128:Bill Watterson
954:
951:
947:The Yellow Kid
883:
880:
861:Max and Moritz
855:were popular.
763:copyright laws
761:. The lack of
710:
707:
675:speech balloon
640:" since 1842.
614:
613:
604:
603:
595:
594:
593:
592:
591:
541:
538:
493:sequential art
489:cave paintings
465:
462:
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
418:
410:
407:
406:
393:
392:
391:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
357:
356:
352:
351:
350:
349:
344:
342:Turkish comics
339:
334:
332:Spanish comics
329:
324:
322:Serbian comics
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
297:Mexican comics
294:
289:
277:
272:
270:Italian comics
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
218:Welsh-language
213:British comics
210:
205:
200:
178:
173:
165:
164:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
107:
106:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
86:
85:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
60:
59:
57:Comics studies
53:
52:
49:Speech balloon
47:
39:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3614:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3582:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:Organizations
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:United States
2901:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Decompression
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Tijuana bible
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Comics poetry
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Silent comics
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Graphic novel
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Sunday comics
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2091:0-415-04419-7
2087:
2084:. Routledge.
2083:
2078:
2074:
2072:0-14-002802-1
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2053:0-87816-243-7
2049:
2045:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2002:
1995:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1954:on 2008-03-23
1953:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1838:9781404202825
1834:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1807:
1805:9781134149070
1801:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1778:9781134557998
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:"comic strip"
1731:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1632:Beerbohm 2003
1628:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1590:on 2013-12-27
1589:
1585:
1579:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1549:9780674067271
1545:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1522:9781134879946
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1483:9780826429360
1479:
1475:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
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2290:Motion comic
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2103:(8): 90–112.
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1278:The Guardian
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240:Dutch comics
235:Czech comics
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3581:WikiProject
3217:Other lists
3162:Comic books
3078:Netherlands
2984:Philippines
2696:Underground
2659:Non-fiction
2577:Alternative
2323:Cartoonists
2305:Text comics
2259:Gag cartoon
2215:Lianhuanhua
2200:Comic strip
2011:Works cited
1613:lambiek.net
1391:lambiek.net
1175:syndication
1139:Gary Larson
1100:cartoonists
1020:comic books
1012:The Funnies
995:comic album
977:. In 1929,
806:Ally Sloper
746:Francophone
668:comic strip
571:social life
534:mass medium
527:shadow play
520:manuscripts
512:Maya script
368:Cartoonists
337:Thai comics
128:Gag cartoon
118:Comic strip
2845:By country
2686:Teen humor
2521:Modern Age
2516:Bronze Age
2511:Silver Age
2506:Golden Age
2446:Macedonian
2421:Australian
2402:By country
2388:Minicomics
2285:Film comic
2278:Techniques
2163:Comic book
2034:2012-07-23
1864:Sabin 1993
1852:Sabin 1993
1686:2012-06-17
1666:2841620751
1618:2017-06-30
1594:2012-12-17
1569:2012-12-17
1396:2021-04-22
1374:Sabin 1993
1304:2024-07-03
1259:References
1120:Alan Moore
915:Comic Cuts
898:C. H. Ross
828:Parliament
717:A page by
687:phylacters
579:caricature
544:See also:
378:Publishers
373:Collecting
113:Comic book
92:Cartooning
3186:By source
3177:Webcomics
3155:By format
3133:Australia
2936:Hong Kong
2876:Argentina
2754:Superhero
2711:Wrestling
2681:Superhero
2622:Dystopian
2597:Celebrity
2582:Ambiguous
2540:Webcomics
2393:Webcomics
2376:Editorial
2369:By format
2350:Letterers
2335:Colorists
2188:Minicomic
2101:Comic Art
1945:(2003-4)
1291:1756-3224
1151:Webcomics
974:The Beano
968:The Dandy
930:anthology
878:in 1897.
781:) in his
679:phylacter
567:political
506:, Rome's
355:Community
285:Hong Kong
66:Education
3596:Category
3571:Category
3478:outreach
3430:academic
3340:ToonSeum
3088:Portugal
2996:Thailand
2979:Pakistan
2869:Americas
2785:Feminist
2729:Antihero
2567:Abstract
2501:American
2436:Filipino
2426:Canadian
2409:American
2315:Creators
2247:Webcomic
2178:One-shot
1984:June 26,
1958:June 26,
1750:June 22,
1711:"Comics"
1299:60623878
1201:See also
1167:Keenspot
1163:Internet
1072:through
1042:Superman
818:cartoons
691:balloons
638:cartoons
575:satirize
456:and the
148:Webcomic
71:Glossary
3354:Schools
3276:museums
3126:Oceania
3061:Ireland
3056:Hungary
3051:Germany
3044:Belgium
3029:Croatia
3006:Vietnam
2744:Masking
2706:Western
2664:Romance
2632:Fantasy
2483:History
2360:Writers
2340:Editors
2252:Webtoon
2230:Yonkoma
2156:Formats
1928:16 July
1720:May 30,
1353:1177504
1074:romance
1070:fantasy
1007:mystery
965:, with
808:(1867).
695:scrolls
554:, with
504:friezes
388:Writers
188:Belgium
153:Webtoon
84:Methods
76:History
3224:Awards
3093:Serbia
3083:Poland
3016:Europe
3001:Turkey
2898:Mexico
2891:Quebec
2886:Canada
2881:Brazil
2853:Africa
2773:Themes
2721:Tropes
2654:Horror
2644:Gekiga
2627:Erotic
2560:Genres
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2140:Comics
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928:as an
775:French
736:satire
699:labels
442:comics
363:Awards
292:Manhwa
280:Manhua
196:Quebec
192:France
36:Comics
3234:manga
3147:Lists
3115:Wales
3098:Spain
3066:Italy
2967:Korea
2960:lists
2955:Japan
2943:India
2749:Rogue
2617:Crime
2572:Adult
2455:Other
2431:Cuban
1831:–18.
1349:JSTOR
1187:Eagle
1105:comix
1096:comic
1082:anime
1058:manga
979:Hergé
963:humor
846:Judge
823:Punch
501:Greek
482:Italy
448:, in
383:Sales
275:Manga
3103:list
3071:list
3039:list
2989:list
2972:list
2948:list
2931:list
2919:Asia
2908:list
2795:LGBT
2669:list
2637:list
2467:list
2381:list
2328:list
2086:ISBN
2067:ISBN
2048:ISBN
1986:2005
1960:2005
1943:Var.
1930:2014
1898:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1752:2005
1722:2005
1662:ASIN
1544:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1459:2013
1428:2013
1295:OCLC
1287:ISSN
1189:and
1169:and
1137:and
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971:and
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894:Judy
852:Puck
849:and
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450:Rome
2701:War
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