63:
403:
40:
722:
587:
626:. Elevation varies from 300 to 1,200 feet (90 to 370 m). Today, the region is the driest and warmest part of the Columbia Plateau, with mean annual precipitation varying from 7 to 10 inches (180 to 250 mm). Major irrigation projects provide Columbia River water to the region, allowing the conversion of large areas into agriculture. Where present,
2116:
2068:
1084:. Slopes are rolling to very steep. Elevation varies from 1,600 to 4,400 feet (490 to 1,340 m). The hills and uplands are covered with Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, and Sandberg bluegrass. Near the Blue Mountains, some north-facing slopes have Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine, with snowberry,
909:
who originally inhabited the area and whose reservation is located here today. It is higher, cooler, less hilly, and has shallower soils than the
Palouse Hills. Elevation varies from 2,000 to 4,100 feet (600 to 1250 m), with buttes up to 5,700 feet (1,700 m). Idaho
705:
and farming have eliminated much of the original plant cover. Nevertheless, the
Dissected Loess Uplands is not as suited to farming as neighboring regions because it has thinner soils. The Dissected Loess Uplands covers 224 square miles (580 km) in western Idaho and larger areas in southeastern
888:
from the adjacent high mountains. Elevation varies from 1,500 to 3,000 feet (460 to 910 m). Moisture levels are high enough to support grasslands of Idaho fescue, Sandberg bluegrass, and bluebunch wheatgrass, but the region is dominated by non-irrigated winter wheat,
764:
composed of layer upon layer of basalt many thousands of feet thick. Elevation varies from 1,000 to 3,500 feet (300 to 1070 m). Loess blankets the south-facing slopes and supports dryland wheat farming. Steep, rocky north-facing slopes are commonly used for livestock
1096:
loess deposits that cover the agricultural
Umatilla Plateau. Scablands, composed of arrays of earth mounds surrounded by rock polygons, are relics of Pleistocene glacial periods. The region covers 743 square miles (1,924 km) in Eastern Oregon, in a narrow band along the northern edge of the
765:
grazing. The region receives an average of 10 to 12 inches (250 to 300 mm) of rain per year. Sagebrush and bunchgrass associations dominate plant assemblages outside of heavily farmed or grazed areas, with needle-and-thread, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass,
689:
consists of disjunct rolling hills and flat plateau remnants cut by the Lower Snake and
Clearwater Canyons. Elevation varies from 1,500 to 3,600 feet (460 to 1,100 m). Pure grasslands dominate lower elevations, with bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and Sandberg
938:
Rivers. Deeply cut into the basalt, the canyons fragment a lightly populated portion of the
Umatilla Plateau. Canyon depths up to 2,000 feet (600 m) create drier conditions than on the plateau above. Sparse bunchgrasses, Wyoming big sagebrush, and cheatgrass grow on the rocky,
1020:, with grasslands of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, bluegrass, and Wyoming big sagebrush. The region covers 80 square miles (207 km) in Idaho and slightly larger areas in Washington, along the lower reaches of the Snake and Clearwater rivers and their tributaries.
1007:
Rivers. Canyon depths exceed 1,400 feet (430 m) and create drier conditions than in neighboring regions; mean annual precipitation is only 12 to 25 inches (300 to 640 mm). Outside of towns and transportation corridors, the canyons provide good
523:
dominates more rugged areas where loess deposits are thinner or nonexistent. Mean annual precipitation is 9 to 15 inches (230 to 380 mm) and increases with elevation. In uncultivated areas, moisture levels are generally high enough to support grasslands of
495:
who originally inhabited the area, is characterized by a nearly level to rolling, treeless plateau, underlain by basalt and veneered with loess deposits. Elevation varies from 1,000 to 3,200 feet (300 to 980 m).
1736:
1375:
1751:
1930:
1806:
2213:
1883:
1971:
1630:
889:
barley, alfalfa, and green pea farming on the highly productive, loess-rich soils. The region covers 146 square miles (378 km) in Oregon and a contiguous area in
Washington, in a narrow band from
1355:
1826:
1360:
1867:
1538:
1370:
1786:
1746:
1650:
1635:
1482:
1961:
1731:
1726:
1625:
1590:
1741:
1935:
1791:
1686:
1137:
1660:
1466:
1451:
769:, and basin big sagebrush. Alien cheatgrass covers broad areas. The region covers 109 square miles (282 km) in Oregon and much larger areas in Washington, extending from the
394:
poster similar to the informational posters for Oregon and Idaho, and the
Washington information presented here is not as complete as the information about the other two states.
1945:
1766:
1533:
1976:
1966:
1801:
1756:
1436:
1431:
1411:
910:
fescue and bluebunch wheatgrass are native, with
Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine on north-facing slopes. Cropland is now extensive and grows wheat, barley, peas, and hay. The
1132:
1461:
1421:
1456:
1365:
1316:
189:
642:. Alien cheatgrass covers broad areas. The largest of the Columbia Plateau subregions, the Pleistocene Lake Basins covers 1,407 square miles (3,644 km) in
590:
Quincy Lake, one of the
Pleistocene Lake Basins, is a remnant of the temporary Pleistocene lakes that were created by flood waters from glacial Lake Missoula.
1831:
991:
runs. The region covers 674 square miles (1,746 km) in Oregon, along the lower reaches of the
Deschutes and John Day rivers and their tributaries.
918:
of downstream canyon reaches. The region covers 725 square miles (1,878 km) in Idaho, on the Nez Perce Indian Reservation and surrounding areas.
1401:
1235:
101:
407:
1185:
1988:
1326:
1309:
1283:
1156:
1122:
387:
231:
227:
20:
1816:
1080:
consists of dissected, hilly uplands with a terrace-like appearance, where the dry grasslands of the Columbia Plateau meet the forested
821:
who originally inhabited the area. Elevation varies from 2,500 to 3,000 feet (760 to 910 m). Mountain-fed perennial
1711:
1761:
1605:
1492:
1117:
2176:
2218:
2020:
2016:
Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement on Wind Energy Development on BLM-Administered Lands in the Western United States
1569:
1302:
1111:
1852:
1426:
444:
1857:
1811:
1620:
1041:
1796:
1681:
1487:
655:
1676:
1553:
1518:
857:
646:
and larger areas in Washington, encompassing lower elevations throughout the Mid-Columbia Basin. It includes part of the
1862:
1821:
1721:
1548:
1523:
1271:
1178:
1615:
663:
651:
472:
2120:
2072:
1915:
1595:
2135:
2087:
1899:
1771:
1640:
1585:
674:
659:
271:
1543:
2185:
2223:
1836:
1513:
1446:
1350:
1266:
1245:
1214:
1171:
255:
111:
1920:
1781:
1195:
1127:
852:
forests. The region covers 453 square miles (1,173 km) along the Idaho border, including parts of the
715:
1706:
1696:
1610:
1416:
1209:
580:
576:
556:
344:
302:
116:
2126:
2078:
2141:
2093:
1716:
1441:
1406:
1240:
1081:
865:
861:
572:
121:
106:
2024:
1528:
1396:
1345:
1057:
778:
647:
448:
1925:
1655:
1151:
1098:
1061:
1004:
931:
806:
666:
476:
67:
Level III ecoregions of the Pacific Northwest. The Columbia Plateau ecoregion is marked with (10).
1940:
1600:
1340:
881:
853:
1776:
786:
727:
376:
825:
occur, and intermittent, loess-bottomed streams rise within the region. The soils are rich in
766:
436:
2028:
1294:
1645:
1391:
1230:
670:
615:
525:
340:
267:
1003:
consists of deep canyons cut through the basalts of the Columbia Plateau by the Snake and
914:
of many perennial streams are impacted by agricultural land use, negatively impacting the
62:
8:
1145:
782:
639:
440:
428:
234:(EPA) encompassing approximately 32,100 square miles (83,139 km) of land within the
78:
52:
2140: (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs; with a
2092: (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs; with a
1991:
1286:
402:
1691:
1040:
Rivers and their tributaries in northeastern Washington, including land managed by the
770:
733:
707:
690:
bluegrass. Mountain brush grows on north facing slopes and higher, moister sites, with
614:
and Columbia. In Oregon, the flood waters accumulated from the eastern entrance of the
545:
468:
259:
239:
159:
2014:
948:
890:
631:
541:
355:. Water from the Columbia River is subject to resource allocation debates involving
1701:
1049:
972:
956:
747:
635:
501:
492:
317:
291:
174:
24:
1163:
1045:
906:
774:
711:
695:
505:
432:
263:
44:
1065:
1033:
984:
935:
842:
826:
643:
552:
287:
275:
83:
2207:
1085:
1013:
988:
915:
829:
and very productive, supporting extensive wheat farming, but they are easily
818:
814:
810:
611:
204:
191:
551:
covers broad areas. The region covers 3,712 square miles (9,614 km) in
1037:
952:
627:
608:
533:
508:
380:
295:
283:
386:
The Columbia Plateau ecoregion has been subdivided into at least fourteen
1093:
976:
960:
849:
623:
619:
604:
603:
is a nearly level to undulating lake plain that contained vast temporary
279:
39:
1053:
968:
964:
737:) and scattered Ponderosa Pine grow in the Yakima Folds (ecoregion 10g)
721:
548:
372:
368:
364:
360:
235:
837:. The region supports fescue-wheatgrass, fescue-snowberry, and fescue-
1092:. The region is mostly used as rangeland because it lacks the thick,
1017:
940:
911:
885:
880:
contains the lower elevation, northwest-facing slopes of the eastern
838:
761:
699:
691:
537:
520:
356:
321:
251:
2178:
Draft: Level III and IV Ecoregions of the Northwestern United States
2214:
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands in the United States
1089:
944:
802:
586:
329:
310:
336:
is up to 2 miles (3 km) thick and partially covered by thick
1009:
930:
consists of very steep to precipitous canyonlands containing the
845:
834:
830:
760:
people who originally inhabited the area, consists of unforested
702:
512:
497:
306:
298:
2174:
278:, as well as the lower reaches of major tributaries such as the
980:
822:
757:
516:
424:
333:
325:
243:
164:
48:
893:
to Dayton, including part of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
1483:
6 Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands
1324:
464:
352:
337:
247:
169:
994:
947:
vegetation in narrow reaches is often limited to a band of
504:
are common. Areas with thick loess deposits are farmed for
348:
314:
467:
deposits surrounded by the Channeled Scablands throughout
529:
16:
Xeric shrubland ecoregion of Canada and the United States
540:, which is more common in the Pleistocene Lake Basins.
390:, as described below. The EPA has not yet published an
19:
This article is about the ecoregion designated by the
1044:. This ecoregion extends northward into the southern
559:
and agricultural areas south of the Columbia River.
324:
of the region are flanked by moister, predominantly
274:. It includes nearly 500 miles (800 km) of the
1101:, mostly outside the national forest's boundaries.
1071:
921:
1737:56 Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains
1193:
2125:McGrath, CL; Woods, AJ; Omernik, JM; et al.
2077:Thorson, TD; Bryce, SA; Lammers, DA; et al.
379:has dramatically converted much of the region to
2205:
1606:29 Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains (Cross Timbers)
1376:120 Coastal Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Forests
680:
638:, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and
594:
2193:Cited for Washington information instead of an
2124:
2076:
23:. For the associated geographical feature, see
1148:maintains an alternate classification system:
1989:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1310:
1284:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1179:
1157:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
1123:List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)
971:are dominated by introduced species, such as
871:
706:Washington, south of the Snake River between
607:lakes that were created by flood waters from
562:
406:Level IV ecoregions in the Columbia Plateau.(
232:United States Environmental Protection Agency
21:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1001:Lower Snake and Clearwater Canyons ecoregion
579:Counties, Washington, including part of the
431:of Washington carved out by the cataclysmic
414:
1752:60 Northern Appalachian Plateau and Uplands
905:is a loess-covered plateau named after the
1931:104 Interior Forested Lowlands and Uplands
1832:83 Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands
1317:
1303:
1186:
1172:
1032:is located along the lower reaches of the
896:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
1118:List of ecoregions in North America (CEC)
482:
102:Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills (9)
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2021:United States Department of the Interior
1112:Commission for Environmental Cooperation
1023:
995:Lower Snake and Clearwater Canyons (10l)
720:
585:
401:
332:ecoregions on all sides. The underlying
2197:poster, which has not yet been located.
2170:
1402:9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
1236:9 Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
445:Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area
347:amounts are sufficient, the deep loess
2206:
2175:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2045:
1110:Ecoregions defined by the EPA and the
792:
454:
397:
2099:
1722:53 Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains
1298:
1167:
741:
650:, as well as public lands within the
351:have been extensively cultivated for
1078:Umatilla Dissected Uplands ecoregion
928:Deschutes/John Day Canyons ecoregion
544:may be found on very shallow soils.
2147:
1807:72 Interior River Valleys and Hills
781:, Hanford Reach National Monument,
471:, including public land within the
463:consists of large pockets of thick
443:, including public land within the
254:extends across a wide swath of the
13:
1817:74 Mississippi Valley Loess Plains
1042:Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest
14:
2235:
1972:112 Bristol Bay-Nushagak Lowlands
1884:76 Southern Florida Coastal Plain
1712:51 North Central Hardwood Forests
801:contains the unglaciated Western
777:in the north, including parts of
687:Dissected Loess Uplands ecoregion
601:Pleistocene Lake Basins ecoregion
473:Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge
2119: This article incorporates
2114:
2071: This article incorporates
2066:
1837:84 Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens
1762:63 Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain
1631:42 Northwestern Glaciated Plains
1356:111 Ahklun and Kilbuck Mountains
1138:List of ecoregions in Washington
1072:Umatilla Dissected Uplands (10n)
922:Deschutes/John Day Canyons (10k)
884:, with perennial streams fed by
858:Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation
61:
38:
2219:Ecoregions of the United States
2136:United States Geological Survey
2088:United States Geological Survey
1570:23 Arizona/New Mexico Mountains
1493:8 Southern California Mountains
1385:Northwestern Forested Mountains
1327:Ecoregions in the United States
1224:Northwestern Forested Mountains
817:that runs through them and the
675:Hanford Reach National Monument
2007:
1853:49 Northern Minnesota Wetlands
1827:82 Laurentian Plains and Hills
1427:19 Wasatch and Uinta Mountains
1361:113 Alaska Peninsula Mountains
1056:. This includes towns such as
878:Deep Loess Foothills ecoregion
569:Okanogan Drift Hills ecoregion
1:
2000:
1868:62 North Central Appalachians
1858:50 Northern Lakes and Forests
1812:73 Mississippi Alluvial Plain
1621:34 Western Gulf Coastal Plain
1539:22 Arizona/New Mexico Plateau
1371:119 Pacific Coastal Mountains
1052:up to the southern shores of
951:at the water line, with some
833:. Dry stream channels may be
681:Dissected Loess Uplands (10f)
595:Pleistocene Lake Basins (10e)
421:Channeled Scablands ecoregion
1962:109 Subarctic Coastal Plains
1893:Southern Semi-Arid Highlands
1797:70 Western Allegheny Plateau
1787:68 Southwestern Appalachians
1747:59 Northeastern Coastal Zone
1732:55 Eastern Corn Belt Plains
1682:33 East Central Texas Plains
1651:46 Northern Glaciated Plains
1636:43 Northwestern Great Plains
1128:List of ecoregions in Oregon
848:and open ponderosa pine and
716:Nez Perce Indian Reservation
7:
1727:54 Central Corn Belt Plains
1677:32 Texas Blackland Prairies
1656:47 Western Corn Belt Plains
1626:40 Central Irregular Plains
1549:80 Northern Basin and Range
1488:7 Central California Valley
1272:80 Northern Basin and Range
1133:List of ecoregions in Idaho
1104:
581:Colville Indian Reservation
557:Umatilla Indian Reservation
303:Columbia River Basalt Group
10:
2240:
1591:26 Southwestern Tablelands
1554:81 Sonoran Basin and Range
1519:13 Central Basin and Range
872:Deep Loess Foothills (10i)
745:
563:Okanogan Drift Hills (10d)
489:Umatilla Plateau ecoregion
286:rivers and the associated
224:Columbia Plateau ecoregion
33:Columbia Plateau ecoregion
18:
2025:Bureau of Land Management
1985:
1954:
1908:
1892:
1876:
1863:58 Northeastern Highlands
1845:
1822:75 Southern Coastal Plain
1742:57 Huron/Erie Lake Plains
1669:
1578:
1562:
1524:14 Mojave Basin and Range
1501:
1475:
1384:
1333:
1280:
1254:
1223:
1202:
1030:Okanogan Valley ecoregion
841:associations, as well as
779:Yakama Indian Reservation
731:), Antelope Bitterbrush (
667:national wildlife refuges
648:Yakama Indian Reservation
449:Wenatchee National Forest
415:Channeled Scablands (10a)
183:
152:
135:
130:
89:
77:
72:
60:
37:
32:
2195:Ecoregions of Washington
1936:106 Interior Bottomlands
1916:101 Arctic Coastal Plain
1670:Eastern Temperate Forest
1616:31 Southern Texas Plains
1476:Mediterranean California
1334:Marine West Coast Forest
1203:Marine West Coast Forest
1152:List of ecoregions (WWF)
1099:Umatilla National Forest
1082:Blue Mountains ecoregion
807:Northern Rocky Mountains
714:, including part of the
477:Juniper Dunes Wilderness
392:Ecoregions of Washington
2040:columbia plateau 32100.
1792:69 Central Appalachians
1687:35 South Central Plains
1596:27 Central Great Plains
1144:The conservation group
897:Nez Perce Prairie (10j)
854:St. Joe National Forest
799:Palouse Hills ecoregion
461:Loess Islands ecoregion
51:into the basalt of the
2121:public domain material
2073:public domain material
1900:79 Madrean Archipelago
1772:65 Southeastern Plains
1641:44 Nebraska Sand Hills
1586:25 Western High Plains
1502:North American Deserts
1467:118 Wrangell Mountains
1452:105 Interior Highlands
1255:North American Deserts
868:Counties, Washington.
860:, and larger areas in
787:Yakima Training Center
754:Yakima Folds ecoregion
738:
728:Balsamorhiza sagittata
725:Arrowleaf Balsamroot (
591:
483:Umatilla Plateau (10c)
411:
377:Columbia Basin Project
290:. It is named for the
1946:108 Ogilvie Mountains
1692:36 Ouachita Mountains
1661:48 Lake Agassiz Plain
1544:24 Chihuahuan Deserts
1024:Okanogan Valley (10m)
983:. The rivers support
767:Wyoming big sagebrush
724:
589:
536:, without associated
405:
112:Northern Rockies (15)
2224:Ecoregions of Oregon
2080:Ecoregions of Oregon
1977:114 Aleutian Islands
1967:110 Seward Peninsula
1921:102 Arctic Foothills
1877:Tropical Wet Forests
1767:64 Northern Piedmont
1534:20 Colorado Plateaus
1514:12 Snake River Plain
1447:78 Klamath Mountains
1267:12 Snake River Plain
1246:78 Klamath Mountains
1196:Ecoregions in Oregon
773:in the south to the
671:Hanford Nuclear Site
616:Columbia River Gorge
526:bluebunch wheatgrass
268:Okanogan, Washington
256:Columbia River Basin
117:Idaho Batholith (16)
2128:Ecoregions of Idaho
1802:71 Interior Plateau
1782:67 Ridge and Valley
1757:61 Erie Drift Plain
1702:38 Boston Mountains
1509:10 Columbia Plateau
1437:41 Canadian Rockies
1432:21 Southern Rockies
1412:15 Northern Rockies
1351:3 Willamette Valley
1262:10 Columbia Plateau
1215:3 Willamette Valley
1146:World Wildlife Fund
793:Palouse Hills (10h)
783:Wenas Wildlife Area
640:basin big sagebrush
455:Loess Islands (10b)
429:Channeled Scablands
398:Level IV ecoregions
388:Level IV ecoregions
228:Level III ecoregion
201: /
122:North Cascades (77)
107:Blue Mountains (11)
53:Channeled Scablands
1987:as defined by the
1707:39 Ozark Highlands
1697:37 Arkansas Valley
1611:30 Edwards Plateau
1462:117 Copper Plateau
1417:16 Idaho Batholith
1282:as defined by the
771:Horse Heaven Hills
742:Yakima Folds (10g)
739:
734:Purshia tridentata
592:
530:Sandberg bluegrass
469:Eastern Washington
412:
272:Canada–U.S. border
260:The Dalles, Oregon
230:designated by the
1997:
1996:
1717:52 Driftless Area
1563:Temperate Sierras
1442:77 North Cascades
1422:17 Middle Rockies
1407:11 Blue Mountains
1292:
1291:
1241:11 Blue Mountains
903:Nez Perce Prairie
762:anticlinal ridges
632:needle-and-thread
628:native vegetation
500:features such as
220:
219:
2231:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:, archived from
2183:
2172:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2011:
1926:103 Brooks Range
1846:Northern Forests
1529:18 Wyoming Basin
1457:116 Alaska Range
1319:
1312:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1050:British Columbia
973:reed canarygrass
957:western clematis
756:, named for the
748:Yakima Fold Belt
636:Indian ricegrass
622:to form ancient
618:upstream to the
555:, including the
502:patterned ground
491:, named for the
318:sagebrush steppe
305:during the late
292:Columbia Plateau
216:
215:
213:
212:
211:
206:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
175:British Columbia
153:States/Provinces
65:
42:
30:
29:
25:Columbia Plateau
2239:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2148:
2131:
2115:
2113:
2100:
2083:
2067:
2065:
2046:
2033:
2031:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1981:
1950:
1941:107 Yukon Flats
1904:
1888:
1872:
1841:
1665:
1574:
1558:
1497:
1471:
1397:5 Sierra Nevada
1380:
1346:2 Puget Lowland
1329:
1323:
1293:
1288:
1276:
1250:
1219:
1198:
1192:
1107:
1074:
1046:Okanagan Valley
1026:
997:
924:
907:Nez Perce tribe
899:
874:
795:
775:Kittitas Valley
750:
744:
683:
597:
565:
542:Stiff sagebrush
485:
457:
433:Missoula floods
417:
400:
288:drainage basins
264:Lewiston, Idaho
209:
207:
203:
200:
195:
192:
190:
188:
187:
179:
148:
126:
98:
97:
68:
56:
55:(ecoregion 10a)
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2200:
2199:
2146:
2098:
2044:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:28 Flint Hills
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1366:115 Cook Inlet
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1106:
1103:
1073:
1070:
1066:Okanagan Falls
1025:
1022:
996:
993:
985:chinook salmon
941:colluvial soil
923:
920:
898:
895:
882:Blue Mountains
873:
870:
843:ponderosa pine
827:organic matter
794:
791:
743:
740:
682:
679:
644:Eastern Oregon
596:
593:
571:is located in
564:
561:
553:Eastern Oregon
484:
481:
456:
453:
416:
413:
399:
396:
301:formed by the
276:Columbia River
218:
217:
185:
181:
180:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
156:
154:
150:
149:
147:
146:
143:
139:
137:
133:
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128:
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125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
95:
94:
93:
91:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
45:Ice Age floods
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2236:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2196:
2191:on 2019-04-12
2187:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2006:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:66 Blue Ridge
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
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1735:
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1728:
1725:
1723:
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1713:
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1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
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1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:1 Coast Range
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1210:1 Coast Range
1208:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:bighorn sheep
1011:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
919:
917:
916:water quality
913:
908:
904:
894:
892:
887:
883:
879:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:Palouse River
812:
811:Palouse Hills
809:known as the
808:
804:
800:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
759:
755:
749:
736:
735:
730:
729:
723:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
701:
697:
693:
688:
678:
676:
672:
668:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
609:glacial lakes
606:
602:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
511:or irrigated
510:
507:
503:
499:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:contains the
422:
409:
404:
395:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:precipitation
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
214:
186:
182:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
155:
151:
144:
142:United States
141:
140:
138:
134:
129:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
92:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
71:
64:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2194:
2186:the original
2177:
2142:Reverse side
2127:
2094:Reverse side
2079:
2039:
2032:. Retrieved
2015:
2009:
1579:Great Plains
1508:
1261:
1077:
1075:
1029:
1027:
1000:
998:
927:
925:
902:
900:
877:
875:
813:, after the
798:
796:
753:
751:
732:
726:
686:
684:
656:Cold Springs
630:consists of
600:
598:
568:
566:
534:Idaho fescue
509:winter wheat
488:
486:
460:
458:
420:
418:
391:
385:
381:agricultural
296:flood basalt
223:
221:
2034:October 24,
1646:45 Piedmont
977:sweetclover
969:gravel bars
965:floodplains
961:chokecherry
949:white alder
850:Douglas-fir
819:Palus tribe
624:Lake Condon
620:Wallula Gap
605:Pleistocene
330:mountainous
236:U.S. states
208: /
184:Coordinates
2208:Categories
2027:. p.
2001:References
1392:4 Cascades
1325:Level III
1231:4 Cascades
1194:Level III
1054:Skaha Lake
1018:game birds
1005:Clearwater
963:; broader
953:mockorange
912:headwaters
785:, and the
746:See also:
673:, and the
549:cheatgrass
375:, and the
373:irrigation
369:recreation
365:hydropower
361:navigation
322:grasslands
309:and early
240:Washington
205:47°N 119°W
160:Washington
1086:pinegrass
989:steelhead
932:Deschutes
891:Pendleton
886:snow melt
803:foothills
700:Livestock
696:wild rose
692:snowberry
538:sagebrush
521:Rangeland
437:Wenatchee
357:fisheries
270:near the
252:ecoregion
136:Countries
131:Geography
1105:See also
1090:ninebark
1034:Okanogan
945:Riparian
936:John Day
856:and the
839:hawthorn
712:Lewiston
664:Columbia
652:Umatilla
612:Missoula
577:Okanogan
493:Umatilla
475:and the
408:Full map
343:. Where
341:deposits
326:forested
311:Pliocene
210:47; -119
84:Nearctic
1058:Osoyoos
1010:habitat
866:Spokane
862:Whitman
846:savanna
823:streams
805:of the
703:grazing
573:Douglas
513:alfalfa
506:dryland
498:Glacial
441:Spokane
435:, from
425:coulees
307:Miocene
299:plateau
90:Borders
73:Ecology
49:coulees
1955:Tundra
1094:arable
1088:, and
1064:, and
1062:Oliver
1038:Methow
981:teasel
979:, and
959:, and
835:tilled
831:eroded
758:Yakama
708:Dayton
669:, the
662:, and
660:McNary
532:, and
517:barley
371:, and
334:basalt
313:. The
284:Yakima
250:. The
246:, and
244:Oregon
165:Oregon
145:Canada
2189:(PDF)
2182:(PDF)
2132:(PDF)
2123:from
2084:(PDF)
2075:from
1909:Taiga
546:Alien
465:loess
383:use.
353:wheat
349:soils
338:loess
280:Snake
258:from
248:Idaho
226:is a
196:119°W
170:Idaho
79:Realm
2036:2018
1076:The
1036:and
1028:The
1016:and
1012:for
999:The
987:and
967:and
934:and
926:The
901:The
876:The
864:and
797:The
752:The
710:and
694:and
685:The
599:The
575:and
567:The
515:and
487:The
459:The
447:and
427:and
419:The
320:and
315:arid
294:, a
282:and
222:The
193:47°N
96:List
47:cut
1048:of
439:to
266:to
262:to
238:of
2210::
2149:^
2144:).
2134:.
2101:^
2096:).
2086:.
2047:^
2038:.
2023:;
2019:.
1114::
1068:.
1060:,
975:,
955:,
943:.
789:.
718:.
698:.
677:.
658:,
654:,
634:,
583:.
528:,
519:.
479:.
451:.
410:).
367:,
363:,
359:,
328:,
242:,
2138:.
2090:.
2029:6
1318:e
1311:t
1304:v
1187:e
1180:t
1173:v
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
