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and naturally acoustically accentuated spaces in which to perform, many groups find themselves lacking spaces such as these. Individual microphone use for each member of an ensemble has risen in popularity, allowing for, as Mike Chin of the A Cappella Blog states, a "big,...clear,...crisp" sound in an otherwise acoustically dull performance space. In addition, the use of individual microphones allows for added effects to be applied to a group's live vocals, such as adding a digital lower octave (or "octavizing") the bass vocalist to produce a tone that is outside the natural range of most singers. The integration of these technological advancements continues to shape the sound of modern a cappella music at the college level and beyond.
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140:. A cappella music as a form joined this early form with a later Puritan style, known as shape-note singing, which further extended into the American Gospel tradition. Further permutations leaked into the American pop landscape. Today, by some accounts, there exist as many as “twelve hundred collegiate a cappella groups in the United States alone.”
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due to graduation and changing student commitments. A large member count enables a group to maintain continuity over time and it also affects the group's aural aesthetic. For example, a large group may be able to perform arrangements that have more than a dozen separate parts, an impossible feat for smaller groups.
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Unlike professional groups, which typically have four to seven members, collegiate groups typically perform with eight to sixteen members, with full group rosters measuring up to 30 members in some cases. This large roster size is often driven by necessity, as college groups tend to see high turnover
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The costumes and uniforms that the groups display present a message to the audience. They may vary in levels of uniformity and formality. Each group has a "brand" and a "look/style" to their members. Costumes can be whatever a group wants them to be, but aesthetic appearances is a pleasing visual for
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Similarly, the
Varsity Vocals compose an international a cappella organization based around their two main competitions, the ICCA (International Competition of Collegiate A Cappella) and the ICHSA (International Competition of High School A Cappella). The South Asian a cappella competitive circuit is
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Within the ICCA and ICHSA is a point system. Each group is judged based on several things, some of which including sound, blend, harmonies, choreography, and many more. Choreography is a big factor in determining how many points a group will get, and how clean and precise their movements are is also
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Collegiate a cappella spans many music genres and styles including jazz, pop, jazz-influenced pop, fusion, barbershop, rhythm and blues, madrigals, alternative and hard rock, comedy, Jewish (including
Yiddish or Hebrew songs), Christian (including Christian pop and rearranged hymns), and South Asian
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In recent years, with the advent of more advanced audio equipment and the ability of a cappella groups to attract income with live performances for pay, there has been increased exploration into the importance of microphones. Whereas groups at schools with older campuses find themselves with arches
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Some groups record albums of their music, typically at intervals of two or three years. The quality of such albums has recently improved markedly due to an increased focus on multi-track recording, greater access to home recording technology, and the emergence of professional a cappella production
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Most collegiate a cappella groups, whether all-male identifying, all-female identifying, or mixed, share similar traits. The groups often benefit from the talent of non-music majors who have significant experience with music, choral singing, or both. Participation in such groups provides both a
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Collegiate a cappella is by far most common in the United States from which it originated; however in recent decades the trend has spread beyond to universities in the United
Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland in Europe as well as up north into Canada and across the Pacific into Australia, New
168:, a popular Broadway song at the time. Such names, normally intended for comedic effect, have come to define in some part the irreverent attitude found in modern collegiate a cappella. For example, the second-oldest continuously performing a cappella group (and oldest all-male group) is Yale's
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In recent years, online a cappella communities have come together, allowing for greater involvement in the shaping of modern a cappella music, including stylistic trends. Among the most prominent online a cappella presences are the A Cappella Blog, Varsity Vocals, and CASA (The
Contemporary A
251:, co-created CASA after two years as the group's musical director. Sharon sought to bring a cappella into the musical mainstream, popularizing a more pop format for the music, as well as helping to contribute to a standardization of a cappella performance through the founding of CASA.
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social and creative outlet for students who are pursuing other academic fields. Groups are generally self-sustaining and often entirely run by students. Some groups receive financial support from their educational institution while others are entirely self-supporting.
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and shelter from the weather. Typically, one or more a cappella groups will perform for a small audience, either as a concert or to promote upcoming concerts. The term is also sometimes used to describe similar casual, outdoor performances not held under arches.
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Cappella
Society). According to The A Cappella Blog's information section, "The A Cappella Blog was founded in January 2007. Since that time, the site has reviewed over 40 International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella competitions.
414:(ICCA), which conducts various regional competitions, with winners of regional competitions advancing to a national competition. The South-Asian a cappella circuit, run by ASA, also conducts various regional competitions leading up to
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In modern competing a cappella groups, there are several techniques that are making each group more and more distinctive. Beatboxing is at the top among them, but tone, sound effects, style, blend, and harmonies are all unique, too.
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specialists (including arrangers, vocal editors, and mix/mastering engineers). Achievements in collegiate a cappella recording are recognized by awards programs (e.g., the
Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards, awarded by
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One of CASA's core values in its promotion of the a cappella community is that of innovation, stating "We develop new methods for singers, groups, fans, and educators to sing, learn, connect, and interact with one another."
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student singing groups. Consequently, an ensemble that sings unaccompanied classical music may not be considered an a cappella group, even though technically it is performing
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College a cappella has grown rapidly since 1980. This growth was fueled in part by stylistic changes that had widespread appeal, and in part by the founding in 1991 of the
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The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, marking a shift away from the more traditional sounds of jazz or classical ensembles and
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music is one of the oldest forms of music in existence, "the kind made without any accompaniment at all," and descended from the tradition of
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152:, established in 1873, was one of the earliest known collegiate a cappella groups. The longest continuously operating group is thought to be
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fusion. Differences in musical styles and individual group preferences result in a great diversity of music arrangements and performances.
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107:. The groups are typically composed of, operated by, and directed by students. In the context of collegiate a cappella, the term
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and Rex
Solomon, which enabled interaction and collaboration of a cappella groups across the United States for the first time.
270:). Today, even some glee clubs have a largely pop-music repertoire supplemented only in small part by the traditional genres.
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groups, primarily in the United States, and, increasingly, the United
Kingdom and Ireland, that perform entirely without
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224:(ASA), a non-profit organization formed in 2016, with some collegiate teams that compete in both circuits.
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266:, with groups focusing on modern pop music, complete with complex textures and a driving beat (see
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160:, which was formed in 1909 to create a musical group with a more "modern" sound than that of the
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Rapkin, Mickey. "Pitch
Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate A Cappella Glory"- Gotham Books, 2008
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407:) and compilation albums, such as the long-running Best of College A Cappella series.
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49:(“in the manner of the chapel”), referring to non-instrumental choirs; from Latin
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are the oldest continuous soprano/alto a cappella group, founded in 1936.
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729:"Want Some Beatbox with That Zip-Boom-Aaah? A Cappella's Best Face off"
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Many college groups compete in annual competitions organized by the
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An "arch sing" is a casual, public performance, often held in an
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802:, a repository of resources regarding contemporary a cappella.
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172:, or "SOB's". The first a cappella groups at other American
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550:"An Authentic Account of the Founding of the Whiffenpoofs"
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750:"Measure for Measure: Should Everyone Get a Mic?"
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800:The Contemporary A Cappella Society (of America)
340:the audience and, most importantly, the judges.
494:"The Glee Club: A Musical Legacy at Rensselaer"
247:Sharon, a member of the Tufts a cappella group
678:"Board of Directors and Program Managers CASA"
450:List of alumni of collegiate a cappella groups
445:List of university a cappella groups in the UK
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295:The examples and perspective in this section
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16:College-affiliated a cappella singing groups
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555:. The Whiffenpoofs of Yale. Archived from
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794:Directory of Collegiate A Cappella Groups
703:"Mission, Vision, & Core Values CASA"
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646:"These Are the Biggest Studs on Campus?"
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727:Caramanica, Jon (September 26, 2017).
200:of Cornell University (1949); and the
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222:Association of South-Asian A Cappella
821:Student culture in the United States
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617:Anderman, Joan (December 15, 2009).
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228:Zealand and a few nations in Asia.
99:) ensembles are college-affiliated
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126:According to the nonfiction book
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150:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
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644:Baker, Rachel (February 2007).
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238:Contemporary A Cappella Society
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779:https://allamericanawaaz.com/
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309:and discuss the issue on the
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208:(1949). The Smith College
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524:"The Yale Whiffenpoofs"
264:contemporary a cappella
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176:universities include
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22:Collegiate a cappella
427:University at Albany
307:improve this article
297:may not represent a
192:(1946); the Harvard
754:The A Cappella Blog
619:"Taking their shot"
498:Rensselaer Magazine
105:musical instruments
734:The New York Times
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416:All-American Awaaz
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278:Performance styles
186:Princeton Nassoons
97:college a cappella
760:on March 24, 2014
633:on March 3, 2016.
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220:governed by the
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198:Cayuga's Waiters
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202:Jabberwocks
194:Krokodiloes
166:Little Nemo
117:pop-centric
113:music genre
816:A cappella
810:Categories
624:Boston.com
464:References
429:EarthTones
260:glee clubs
240:(CASA) by
174:Ivy League
133:a cappella
121:a cappella
109:a cappella
74:A cappella
70:Glee clubs
61:, "chapel"
57:, "to", +
36:'s Route 9
764:March 22,
712:March 22,
687:March 22,
591:March 22,
566:March 22,
363:acoustics
353:Arch sing
311:talk page
299:full view
42:Etymology
434:See also
196:(1946);
182:Columbia
59:cappella
45:Italian
359:archway
349:vital.
335:Costume
305:Please
144:History
101:singing
662:May 6,
651:Boston
560:(PDF)
553:(PDF)
766:2014
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707:CASA
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682:CASA
664:2010
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
