William Light - Knowledge

1254: 754:, as well as the beauty of the country. The letter included a personal note: "The reasons that led me to fix Adelaide where it is I do not expect to be generally understood or calmly judged of at present. My enemies however, by disputing their validity in every particular, have done me the good service of fixing the whole of the responsibility upon me. I am perfectly willing to bear it, and I leave it to posterity and not to them, to decide whether I am entitled to praise or to blame". An amendment proposed by Dr Wright and seconded by Deputy Surveyor 771: 200: 216: 797:. His survey plan divided the land into 1042 square one-acre lots; 342 acres (1.38 km) north of the Torrens (North Adelaide) and 700 acres (2.8 km) to the south (South Adelaide, now known as the city centre). Light's Plan reserved 42 acres (0.17 km) for town squares (38 acres) and government buildings (4 Town Sections of Public Reserves with Victoria Square frontages: now the Old Treasury Building/Lands Offices; GPO; Supreme Court, and Magistrates Court sites). 208: 1645:, and then of his son William in Adelaide. The roles of the women in their lives are explored, as well as the geopolitical situation of the time which influenced the decisions of the elder and junior Lights.The life of Martina Rozells is also brought to life. The play is mainly about family, aiming to use Light's inner perspective to look at the world, and touches on "the values and notions of nationalism". Henning used the Mayo and Dutton collections at 4202: 1143: 317:, and his wife Anne. He never saw his parents again. His father died in October 1794, and although providing generously for his son's education, Light did not inherit his father's considerable wealth, as the estate had been ruined by maladministration. He became attached to the Doughtys, and later named his house in Adelaide after the family home. He was well educated, and soon became proficient in 762:

Hindmarsh's view and at the time trying to prove the safety of the Bay). Soon after this, Hindmarsh complained formally about the slow progress of the surveys, while at the same time hindering Light's work. Parties explored nearby areas, Light continued with his work on plans, supported by most settlers, and in July of that year, Hindmarsh was recalled.

679:, but found the area unsuitable. In addition to lack of surface water, Light found navigation of Spencer's Gulf and southern entry into Boston Bay more hazardous. On 18 December he decided on the site of Adelaide for the new capital, and headed north to survey the coast 8 mi (13 km) north with a view to its being the site for a harbour. 51: 1026:, then in a tent at Rapid Bay, and then in a house made of bark and reeds, which was completely destroyed by fire, along with all of their personal belongings, in 1839. The four-roomed brick built cottage, built by William Gandy, was named Theberton House, after Light's childhood residence at Theberton Hall in Suffolk. 761:

After a quarrel between Hindmarsh and Resident Commissioner Fisher, which also drew in other settlers and officials, Colonial Secretary Gouger, one of Light's chief supporters, was suspended and replaced. In December 1837, Judge John Jeffcott was drowned at Encounter Bay (himself being a supporter of

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for a second time and writing detailed journals of her travels and discoveries. Light separated from Mary in 1832, after she had formed a relationship with another officer. The couple never divorced, and Mary retained the surname Light for herself and three children she had by other men in 1833, 1834

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and being hailed by fine arts dealer Jim Elder as a "rare and historic painting", who was "bitterly disappointed" that it would be lost to South Australian society. He said that "months of painstaking art history and genealogical research" into its provenance had led to a man called Shimmin, who had

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had been carried out. His plan bears a close resemblance to Gother Mann’s 1788 "Plan for Torento Harbour" (which was never laid out as planned, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, although a differently laid out town, named York, was established to its west, which later eventually expanded east and

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The statue was moved in 1938 to its present position on Montefiore Hill at the suggestion of the Pioneers' Association of South Australia, to commemorate the centenary of Light's death, and the renamed "Light`s Vision" at the suggestion of PASA president Sir Henry Newland. Legend says that Light

823:, however Light's Plan has six public squares. There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning, and his implementation of planning principles for a beautiful and healthy city, melded sensitively and intelligently with the landscape, is unique. 887:

map of Adelaide, held by the State Library of South Australia. It was commissioned from Light, Finniss & Co. by the South Australian Company, shows the company's properties, and is signed with his firm's name by William Light, at the firm's office in Stephens Place, in Oct 1838.

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Light referred to his unique figure-eight of open space as "Adelaide Park". Later, the purchase of the lands of Light's Adelaide Park, and repeated correspondence and discussions about the Adelaide Park land/lands eventually corrupted his original name to "Adelaide Park Lands".

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The oldest known version of Light's plan was drawn by a 16-year-old draughtsman in 1837, to instructions from Light, some time after the streets were named on 23 May of that year. Primary source researcher Kelly Henderson has confirmed that there is an extant original 1838

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By this time Light had spent a considerable amount of his own fortune on his work, and was suffering ill-health. He resigned from his position on 21 June 1838, after being directed to survey 150 sq mi (390 km) within a week and refusing to use less accurate

1424:, was created for placement near the corner of North and West Terraces, marking the approximate location of the Land and Survey offices and of Light's and Fisher's huts, which were destroyed by fire in January 1839. The memorial was unveiled on 16 July 1929 by Lord Mayor 698:

Instructions for Light's role in the expedition "for the purpose of effecting such a survey of the different harbours and the adjoining land as may be necessary to the correct determination of the best site for the first town" were given in a document dated 9 March 1836.

826:"Light's vision" was to create an urban form which complemented nature, done with conscious purpose. Long before Light was engaged, the colonisation of South Australia had been designed as a kind of social experiment, drawing on the thinking of many notable minds: 609:

in May 1835. Napier recommended to the authorities that Light be given the post of Governor, but Hindmarsh had already been promised it. Light returned to London in January 1836, and on 4 February was appointed Surveyor-General of South Australia instead.

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H.C. Talbot says: "When William Light was a boy, his father sent him to England from Penang to be educated to his trusted friend, George Doughty of Theberton Hall, in Suffolk... He built a home on section 1, Hundred of Adelaide which he called Theberton

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wife. The status of their relationship caused the couple to be shunned by Adelaide society, and they had few visitors at their home (only two society women ever visited Gandy at her home), which they shared with Gandy's young brothers for some years.

2587:"Colonel William Light 1786–1839, First Surveyor General of South Australia: Letter of Instructions by the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia to Colonel William Light, Surveyor General for the Province of South Australia, 9th March, 1836" 1662:

The 29 Town Sections which Light allotted for the harbour area of Port Adelaide have been all but forgotten as part of his plan, which is often mistakenly thought to include only the city centre, with the North Adelaide part tacked on afterwards.

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in the background, was discovered in a garage in September 2019. It is regarded as hugely significant, being one of the earliest depictions of Adelaide. However, the painting passed in at auction and was afterwards sold to a private collector for

961:. He had just begun work on preparing his journals, kept for 30 years, for publication, having left cases of papers for safety in the survey office, and apart from an excerpt already prepared, the journals were lost – a great blow to Light. 799:

In March 1837, after 116 preliminary buyers had selected their portions, the rest of the Town Sections were auctioned. Due to local demands Light also planned Town Sections at the old Port Adelaide harbour and 29 were selected.

734:) had been rejected. The site had many challenges, but Light wrote that he chose the site "because it was on a beautiful and gently rising ground, and formed altogether a better connection with the river than any other place". 1229:

The inscription on the plaque at the front reads: Colonel William Light First Surveyor General; Fixed the site and laid out the city of Adelaide in 1836; Erected by citizens; 1906. Several plaques have been added to the back.

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in March 1850. The shared principles of the town planning of Adelaide, South Australia, and Christchurch, New Zealand, were due to both being examples of E. G. Wakefield's 'Art of Colonization' and Benthamite town planning.

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outlining the reasons for his choice, praising the good soil, extensive neighbouring plains and sheep grazing, a plentiful year-round supply of excellent fresh water, easy communication with its harbour, proximity to the

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The acceptance of Thebarton with an 'a' instead of an 'e' is credited to a typographical error and not the some time held view that it was a corruption of 'The Barton' based on the Old English bere-tun meaning 'barley

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Light sailed for England in 1831 in his own yacht to help recruit British men for the Pasha's navy. The process became prolonged, and Light stayed in England until 1835, while Mary continued her studies, travelling to

605:, who was the recently designated Governor of the new colony. However, Napier was not interested in the position, and upon hearing this, Hindmarsh rushed to London and lobbied for the position, after seeing Napier in 392:

working on mapping, reconnaissance and liaison. He showed both outstanding bravery and kindness in his actions, and was a favourite of Wellington. He went on to serve in the infantry in various parts of Britain – the

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arrived at Holdfast Bay on 28 December. That same day Governor Hindmarsh landed and, all pre-requisites having been met, proclaimed the commencement of colonial government (henceforth celebrated as

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descent. He was thus legally classed as Eurasian, an ethnic designation which granted the designated a middle position between the natives and the Europeans. He was baptised on 31 December 1786,

1051:(so named because of a typographical error) near the site of their cottage, to honour Maria. On each of four sides is an inscription celebrating her roles as pioneer, settler, carer and mother. 1088:, after which the procession walked to the nearby Light Square. It was attended by hundreds, many of whom wept openly, and a gun salute was fired and the flag at Government House lowered to 4285:"Plan of the city of Adelaide, in South Australia [cartographic material] : with the acre allotments numbered, and a marginal reference to the names of the original purchasers" 1110:, assembled to raise money for a memorial. The foundation stone for the memorial was laid by James Hurtle Fisher in 1843, and witnessed by a select few, but the edifice itself, designed by 745:, and some of settlers, who objected to the distance from the port. The opposition to the plan culminated in a meeting on 10 February, at which a letter from Light to Resident Commissioner 807:

is not unprecedented: apart from earlier examples going back to ancient Greece, it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "

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Steurt treads delicately around this matter, suggesting that the three children were "by her first marriage", even though it says elsewhere that Light was in England during these years.

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On the 200th anniversary of her birth on 23 November 2011, the Maria Gandy Bicentennial Memorial was unveiled on the corner of Albert and Maria Streets in the inner western suburb of

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and council, with the request that a toast be made to Light each year on his birthday. A portrait of Light created in 1836 was presented by an admirer to hang in the Council Chamber.

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Located at the northern end of the Victoria Square, the State Survey Mark commemorates the placing of the first peg for the survey of the city by Light on 11 January 1837. This

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and sole beneficiary of Light's estate (which consisted mainly of unpaid debts) and paid for the funeral. The funeral took place on 10 October, and his body taken for burial at

3920: 4212: 943:, the town of Glenelg. However Light had to resign due to ill health by September, after Finniss had taken up a new appointment under Gawler as Deputy Surveyor-General. 613:

On 1 May 1836 Light sailed for South Australia with Maria Gandy, two of her young brothers (William (19) and Edward (10)), and some of his survey staff, on the survey

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Today, historians view Gandy as providing strength to the sickly Light, helping him to achieve his goals while being treated as a pariah by many fellow pioneers.

1274: 1103:. More than 3,000 people attended the burial, including many who had been antagonistic towards him. The sole remaining document authored by Light was his will. 582:

Light started a relationship with the 21-year-old Maria Gandy (born 23 November 1811), a woman of humble stock, who was his companion for the rest of his life.

957:, and the first Government House, burned down, taking some of the province's early records and many of Light's possessions with it. The fire was attributed to 1304:. It notes that Light is the only person legally buried after settlement within the city square. The 1876 marble tablet was removed, renovated and mounted on 4423: 4383: 4242: 3203: 931:), offering a range of services to prospective purchasers of city and country properties, and to local government bodies. By agreement with the new Governor 1641:. Rather than presenting a by-the-numbers historical retelling, the play explores the personal circumstances first of Francis Light and his pivotal role in 1395:, who had died in 1894. He gifted the painting on condition that the State Government contribute £1,000 towards the replacement grave monument to the Light. 1951:

Yap, Felicia (March–April 2010). "Sex and Stereotypes: Eurasians, Jews and the Politics of Race and Religion in British Asia during the Second World War".

811:". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including 1439:

is the reference point for all other survey marks in South Australia. The mark was unveiled, along with a commemorative plaque by then Minister of Lands,

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tribes) and was reported to have established a friendly and cooperative relationship with them. After finding the Port River, Light then sailed across to

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Light helped Muhammad Ali to establish a modern navy, sailing his own yacht to England to help recruit British men for the Pasha's navy. He captained the

4190:"Adelaide. North Terrace. The plaque on the Colonel William Light cottage and survey office memorial cairn. It is outside of the Royal Adelaide Hospital" 1175: 1574:

painted by Light between January and April 1837 depicting the site of the Land/Survey Office and Light and Fisher's huts, being a variation on Light's "

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for all of his research for the play. He sees Light as an unfulfilled individual, despite all of his success; his life was "also lonely and drifting".

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placed a white marble tablet on a panel of the monument, with an inscription acknowledging the pioneers of South Australia for erecting the memorial.

989:. He often sold his works to support himself, but many were lost when fire destroyed the Land and Survey Office and his adjacent hut in January 1839. 730:-prone areas. Settlement sites on Encounter Bay, Kangaroo Island, Spencer's Gulf, the West coast of St Vincent's Gulf and Holdfast Bay (now known as 710:. This he did, and managed to plan and found the city in only eight weeks, after a 14-day delay caused by George Strickland Kingston's incompetence. 591: 243: 2854:

South Australia and its mines: With an historical sketch of the colony, under its several administrations, to the period of Captain Grey's departure

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Founder of a city : the life of Colonel William Light, first Surveyor-General of the colony of South Australia: founder of Adelaide, 1786–1839

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by the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia to Colonel William Light, Surveyor General for the Province of South Australia, 9 March 1836.

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Maria (pronounced "Mariah") Gandy (23 November 1811 – 14 December 1847) was designated by Light's Will as his housekeeper, but thought to be his

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and in whose family it had remained for generations. In the week before the auction, a television station had aired an "item from an interstate

4393: 4257:"Plan of the city of Adelaide, in South Australia: with the acre allotments numbered, and a reference to the names of the original purchasers" 1044:. The 100 acres of Section 1 and the four Town Acres bequeathed to her were intact, and their rents and profits were accorded to her husband. 973:

were published in London in 1823 and 1828, and a number of his works, including an incomplete self-portrait in oils, are in the collection of

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Returning to England in 1824, Light met and fell in love with the beautiful and wealthy 19-year-old Mary Bennet, illegitimate daughter of the

4408: 4088: 1459: 4403: 1040:. In 1847, aged 36, Maria Mayo died of tuberculosis, not long after the death of their fourth child, and was buried in an unmarked grave in 2586: 1767: 3496: 1174:'s design for the statue was selected by committee on 23 December 1904, and architects Garlick, Sibley and Wooldridge (consisting of only 1134:

The plan of the city of Adelaide stands as a lasting legacy to Light's genius, praised both in the early days and more recent literature.

4320: 4182: 1211: 722:, or Karra Wirra Parri, as it was known by the local people. One of the reasons he chose the location was because he observed that the 4418: 4398: 4363: 3893: 1675:

in New Zealand. However, this is not possible; Light died in Adelaide in 1839, whereas Christchurch was only laid out by Englishman

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Despite the natural advantages of the site, Light faced opposition, mainly from Hindmarsh, who wished to locate the city near the

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A short sketch of the lives of Francis and William Light: the founders of Penang and Adelaide, with extracts from their journals

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Nile (paddle steamer), 1834, 2. Built at London. Guns 2x10" shell guns. (dimensions : 190-3 x 32-8,5/54-0 x 21-9, 412 hp.)

1077:, the only Anglican clergyman in South Australia at the time, had refused to visit him because of his relationship with Gandy. 3435: 3263: 2475: 4388: 4158: 4135: 3475: 3120: 2900: 2433: 1912: 1413:– a cairn commemorating Light's landing at Rapid Bay, where he performed his first mainland survey in 1836, unveiled in 1928. 793:

Light placed the city to the north and south of the river, avoiding areas prone to flooding and making best use of the local

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Cadastral map of the "District of Adelaide" based on Light's plan, showing the South Australian Company's property, Oct 1838

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and other colonial officers anxious to know where the settlement should be situated. Light suggested that the ships land at

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methods for country surveys. In July 1838, he formed a private company, Light, Finniss & Co., with assistant surveyors

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On 22 January 1839 the Land and Survey Office, along with the adjoining huts belonging to Light and Resident Commissioner

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would result in higher rainfall on the Adelaide plain. This was a promising indicator of good conditions for avoidance of

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library collections of Mayo and Dutton papers suggested that Gandy "moved around the state with an entourage of dwarfs".

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celebrates Light’s birthday, a tradition which began in 1859 when four of the colony's founders and friends of Light,

483:. After a whirlwind romance, they married on 16 October 1824. They travelled to Europe, spending a couple of years in 4413: 4113: 4064: 3150: 2828: 1537: 1455: 1266:

structure made of sandstone and topped with a Gothic cross carved by Samuel Lewis and completed in 1844. In 1876 the

4221: 1451: 1313: 1199: 982: 579:, travelled as a passenger on the ship on its journey to Alexandria, and was made captain of the ship by November. 3211: 1273:

The sandstone weathered badly, and the memorial was replaced by the winning design in a competition, by architect

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commemorate the early history of the area and original survey of the village by Light, Finniss and Co. in 1838.

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When Light was designing Adelaide, his plans included surrounding the city with 2,332 acres (9.44 km) of

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His grave monument, the original version having been designed by Kingston as the result of a competition, a

313:, a village in Suffolk, England to be educated by friends of his father. These friends were George Doughty, 1328: 1518:, presented a large ornamental silver bowl known as the "Loving Cup", made in England in 1766–77, to the 1215: 287: 3600: 4368: 4306: 4292: 4031:"Malaysian-Australian play about Adelaide's founding father William Light premieres at OzAsia Festival" 3841:"Thebarton. The 1927 plaque erected when Colonel William Lights Therberton Hall was demolished in 1926" 3625: 3521: 1699: 1629:, a play was created and staged by Australian writer and director Thomas Henning in collaboration with 1463: 1207: 1182:. The statue of Light was unveiled on 27 November 1906 in its original location at the northern end of 1111: 755: 2913:

Adelaide Park Lands and city layout: Issues and opportunity analysis for the national heritage listing

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A plaque to commemorate Light's cottage was unveiled nearby in 1927. The site was taken over by the

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and known as Light's Vision, which points southwards towards the River Torrens and the city centre.

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After a spell as a civilian internee in France in 1803–04, he attended his sister Mary's wedding to

1822: 1779: 1775: 1358:) Established in 1849 as the Sir Robert Peel Hotel, in 1888 it was renamed the Colonel Light Hotel. 1249:, where he was buried. He remains the only person legally buried within the Adelaide "square mile". 1081: 731: 687: 1036:, with whom she had 4 children. They lived in the Thebarton cottage for a while, before moving to 663:

for the meantime, while he went with a group to explore further. The group encountered a group of

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On 10 October 1839, after a group of mourners met at his home, his funeral service took place at

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Another brother, George Gandy, who arrived in 1838, named his child William Light Gandy in 1840.

978: 843: 595: 3789: 2590: 1796: 1530: 1428:, but went into storage in 2011, before being re-situated outside the main entrance of the new 1331:, and the early settlers, in time for the 200th anniversary of the founding of Adelaide (2036). 782:. Of these, he reserved 32 acres for one of the world's earliest public cemeteries, now called 524: 360:

in March 1805, remaining in India until November 1806, before returning to Europe. He bought a

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Light spoke several languages and was a gifted and prolific painter and sketcher. Many of his

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William Light, Founder of Adelaide, SA, by George Jones RA, National Portrait Gallery, London.

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had arrived at Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island, with the assistant surveyors. Soon afterwards

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Plan of the City Of Adelaide in South Australia, surveyed and drawn by Colonel Light 1837

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In 2019, an Adelaide conservationist proposed the rebuilding of the original monument on

1119: 1055: 954: 779: 746: 703: 251: 511:, after which the couple cruised the Mediterranean for some years. In 1830 they went to 4142: 2800: 2654:, with an introduction and notes by David Elder, p.95. Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1984. 1960: 1749:

Described in some detail in a footnote in Steuart's book, quoting Dutton, and see also

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Twelve paintings by Light, including two self portraits, are in the collection of the

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stood on Montefiore Hill when he began planning the city, but this is not confirmed.

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In December 1837 Light led an exploration from Adelaide, discovering and naming the

515:, where Light first met promoters of a new colony in Australia. Light made numerous 3271: 2483: 1630: 950:, but he gained enjoyment from cultivating good crops of vegetables in his garden. 922: 839: 516: 381: 1808:

Lewis also did the stonework for a windmill designed by Strickland, built in 1842.

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William Light School, a state government school located in the Adelaide suburb of

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The District Of Adelaide, South Australia, as divided into country sections. 1840

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The District Of Adelaide, South Australia, as divided into country sections. 1839

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for a couple of years. However, his young wife died sometime during those years.

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More work needs to be done on this person, but it seems likely that this is him.

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Keeping a Trust: South Australia's Wyatt Benevolent Institution and Its Founder

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Living in South Australia a social history: Volume 1: From Before 1836 to 1914

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Theberton House was demolished to make way for a factory/warehouse in 1926 by

4352: 4206: 3361: 3321: 3172: 3019: 2443: 1922: 1676: 1554: 1511: 1440: 1399: 1384: 1355: 1336: 1324: 1222:, gave an address in which he praised Light highly, cheered on by the crowd. 1107: 993: 940: 932: 742: 719: 656: 644: 564: 540: 291: 279: 170: 4230: 3715:. Vol. XLII, no. 12, 522. South Australia. 22 June 1905. p. 3 3549: 2780:"Colonel William Light 1786–1839: The Laying Out of The Adelaide Park Lands" 2741: 2451: 1930: 1316:. The gravesite and monument were upgraded during 1985–86 and again in 2008. 1238:

Light's achievements have been commemorated in a number of ways, including:

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north covering the unrealised 'Torento' model township site, and renamed

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while in Egypt, becoming a friend and keen correspondent of Egyptologist

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On 7 July 1840, nine months after Light's death, Maria Gandy married Dr

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A memorial known as the Colonel Light Survey Marker, in the form of an

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University of Adelaide. Library. Rare Books & Special Collections

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William Light; James Duffield Harding 1798-1863, (engraver) (1828),

2025:"William Light (1786–1839): Sketches and watercolours of Egypt 1831" 1671:

It is sometimes claimed that Light also designed the city centre of

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He lived in Penang until the age of six (1793), when he was sent to

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Caught Mapping: The Life and Times of New Zealand's Early Surveyors

3028:. Vol. I, no. 7. South Australia. 14 July 1838. p. 2 2543:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 5 August 1936. p. 4 1618: 1246: 1179: 1142: 1115: 1073:, until his death on 6 October 1839 in Adelaide, aged 53. Reverend 1015: 707: 398: 385: 361: 357: 275: 247: 215: 156: 139: 1495:, located along North Terrace in 1986, commemorates William Light. 1178:(1867–1917) and Charles W. Wooldridge at that point) designed the 1601: 1417: 1296:

grey granite, and was unveiled in June 1905 by mayor of Adelaide

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By 1835, negotiations had been completed for the founding of the

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In 1905, after the unveiling of the new grave monument, Light’s

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free of charge, was not completed until February 1845. It was a

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was presented to the Art Gallery by George Gibbes Mayo, son of

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tram barn buildings, the Scarfe Cottage Homes in Gertrude St,

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Light had given Hindmarsh a letter of introduction to Colonel

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S.A.'s Greats: the men and women of the North Terrace plaques

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Gandy nursed Light for three years while he was invalided by

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The most well-known memorial of Light is the statue now on

614: 496: 452: 3939: 3403:. No. 84. South Australia. 1 February 1845. p. 5 3342: 3064: 3040: 3000: 2760: 341:

At the age of 13 in about 1799, Light volunteered for the

336: 4168:(1991) Melbourne University Press. Not available online. 4164:(Subsequent republications: Rigby, 1971 and 1984; and as 3815:"Victoria Square: The State Survey Mark, Reference Point" 3601:"Architect Personal Details: Kingston, George Strickland" 2867:

Original from Oxford University; Digitized 2 October 2007

2717: 2648:

A Brief Journal of the proceedings of William Light, etc.

2610:

Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy

1369:, and runs 164 km (102 mi) to its mouth in the 667:

for the first time at Rapid Bay (belonging to one of the

211:

Survey monument in its original location. (Plaque detail)

4239:– contains quite a bit of interesting biographical info. 3919:

Fowler, Isabella; Boisvert, Eugene (13 September 2016).

3052: 2704:"William Light's Adelaide: The genius of place and plan" 2628:"William Light's Adelaide: The genius of place and plan" 2555: 2512: 1770:

at the corner of North Terrace and King William Street,

4263:. Great Britain. House of Commons. 1838. Archived from 4141:(Full text of e-book can be borrowed from archive.org, 3735:"Light Memorial, Rapid Bay [B 8315]:Photograph" 3670:"Call to rebuild lost tribute to Colonel William Light" 2342: 2340: 2325: 2215: 2140: 2128: 2104: 1565: 329:, and attended the court of the Prince of Wales, later 246:, known for choosing the site of the colony's capital, 4105:

Angus & Robertson concise Australian encyclopaedia

3415: 2092: 2047: 2045: 1458:

building. In 1995, a second plaque was erected by the

1106:

A few days later a meeting of his friends, chaired by

585: 503:

in 1828. Light returned to England, where he bought a

2567: 2500: 2364: 1054:

Some strange drawings and diagrams discovered in the

964: 915:) and William Jacob (among those who came out on the 2984:. President’s Newsletter. 8 May 2017. Archived from 2652:

William Light's Brief Journal and Australian Diaries

2650:

Adelaide, South Australia: Archibald MacDougall. In

2352: 2337: 2275: 2116: 1292:

sourced from the Murray Bridge area, with a base of

3921:"Why this Adelaide school wants to change its name" 2042: 1750: 1576:

Commencement of Settlement in South Australia, 1837

3436:"How Colonel Light designed Adelaide before lunch" 3145: 3143: 3141: 1604:art historian debunking the provenance of work". 1596:worked for Light’s colleague William Jacob in the 1558:, which was based on an earlier play of Afford's, 946:His war wounds troubled him, and he suffered from 702:There Light was the first to accurately chart the 3491: 3489: 3487: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 1129: 388:'s forces from 1809 to 1814, he served under the 345:, in which he served for two years, leaving as a 4350: 4148: 3896:. Plympton International College. Archived from 376:in April 1809 en route to Spain to serve in the 286:, and Martinha (or Martina) Rozells, who was of 230:(27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839), also known as 3781: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3138: 1354:The Colonel Light Hotel. (Light Square, corner 1233: 1126:as a Gothic cross 45 ft (14 m) high. 1064: 647:before returning to Rapid Bay. In the meantime 325:and music. He became known in London as a rich 4291:. Adelaide: John Gliddon. 1840. Archived from 4225:. Vol. 33. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 4166:Colonel William Light : founder of a city 3918: 3484: 3455: 3453: 3297:"Adelaide. Thebarton. Memorial to Maria Gandy" 3076: 2915:. DA183635. Dash Architects. 17 December 2018. 2736: 2734: 2732: 2075:"Interview: Shedding Light on Light at OzAsia" 451:. Originally volunteering as a private in the 409:, after purchasing the rank in November 1814. 3384:, "most of the old colonists of any standing" 2944: 2895:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p.60. 2470: 2468: 1460:Royal Geographical Society of South Australia 598:, intended as a self-supporting free colony. 4424:Infectious disease deaths in South Australia 4384:British Army personnel of the Peninsular War 4183:Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association 3191: 2250: 2159: 2157: 2155: 1799:, and hence is not within "the square mile". 1766:The firm also designed the pedestal for the 1753:section below. The cross looks similar to a 879:), particularly in the square "Town Acres". 4005:"Light's vision again disappears from view" 3983:"William Light - National Portrait Gallery" 3459: 3450: 3288: 3233: 3231: 3229: 2729: 2317:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 1821:, and later with his brother Sydney on the 1454:and the plaque was situated inside the old 1198:, attended by many notables, including the 321:, as well as showing a talent for drawing, 254:, in a plan later sometimes referred to as 4243:A history of the Kingston plan of Adelaide 4210: 3723:– via National Library of Australia. 3544: 3542: 3411:– via National Library of Australia. 3378:– via National Library of Australia. 3338:– via National Library of Australia. 3256: 3187:– via National Library of Australia. 3096:"Colonel William Light Grave and Monument" 3036:– via National Library of Australia. 2756:– via National Library of Australia. 2529: 2527: 2465: 2424:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 2410: 2408: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 1903:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 466: 435:In 1823 he returned to Spain to fight the 49: 30:For other people named William Light, see 4059:, Hazard Press, Christchurch, pp. 36–37. 4028: 2927:"The Adelaide park lands and city layout" 2823:. Adelaide: Wakefield Press. p. 37. 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2621: 2619: 2152: 1190:). The ceremony was presided over by the 635:on 23 September, Light started exploring 623:, along with the nine other ships in the 571:had prepared the steamer for delivery at 567:, reaching Alexandria in September 1834. 238:naval and army officer. He was the first 4187: 3838: 3636: 3294: 3226: 3121:"William Light: Works in the collection" 2950: 2919: 2857:. Adelaide: T. and W. Boone. p. 117 2227: 1380:was named after the Light River in 1842. 1300:after an address by Deputy Governor Sir 1252: 1141: 1022:They first lived aboard the survey brig 769: 758:upheld Light's selection in March 1837. 214: 206: 198: 82:28 December 1836 – 21 June 1838 4359:English emigrants to colonial Australia 4078: 3948: 3667: 3539: 3470:. Cities series. NewSouth. p. 43. 3433: 3421: 3348: 3204:"Location of "Light's Vision" disputed" 3165: 3151:"Light's vision found in Adelaide shed" 3070: 3058: 3046: 3006: 2970: 2951:Anderson, Margaret (31 December 2013). 2766: 2723: 2573: 2561: 2524: 2518: 2506: 2405: 2370: 2057: 1690:British colonisation of South Australia 1469:Light Square in the Adelaide suburb of 1257:Original Light Memorial at Light Square 925:(being among those who came out on the 592:new British Province of South Australia 337:Military career, first marriage, travel 244:new British Province of South Australia 14: 4429:Australian people of Malaysian descent 4351: 4318: 4211:Chichester, by Henry Manners (1893). " 4002: 3755: 2850: 2844: 2686: 2616: 2358: 2346: 2331: 2281: 2254: 2221: 2146: 2134: 2122: 2110: 2098: 2051: 1888: 1886: 1473:(cnr. Nixon and Market Streets). Four 1122:and topped with what was described by 803:Adelaide's characteristic geometrical 278:) on 27 April 1786, the eldest son of 4394:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis 4283: 4255: 4037:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3787: 3093: 2701: 2665: 2625: 2300:, Printed for James Carpenter and Son 2257:"First lady Maria recognised at last" 2198:"William Light, Surveyor (1876–1839)" 2163: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1892: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1859:Close-up of plaque on survey monument 1852: 718:The site chosen by Light spanned the 693: 4409:Surveyors General of South Australia 4123: 3556:. trove.nla.gov.au. 28 November 1906 2816: 1846: 1617:In October 2019, co-commissioned by 1566:New 1837 watercolour discovered 2019 891: 4079:Steuart, Archibald Francis (1901). 3264:"Place names of South Australia: T" 2807:, 6 September 1902, p. 7, via Trove 2476:"Place names of South Australia: T" 2255:Harris, Samela (23 November 2011). 2190: 1950: 1666: 850:, those in Spain’s colonies of the 846:. Cities such as the ancient Greek 586:Surveyor-General of South Australia 384:. After courageous service against 70:Surveyor General of South Australia 24: 4245:(by Chris Bowe in Adelaide Review) 4176: 4130:, South Australian Govt. Printer, 4029:Jefferson, Dee (19 October 2019). 4003:Eccles, David (26 November 2019). 2421:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2072: 2010: 1971: 1900:Australian Dictionary of Biography 1863: 1587:, despite being valued at between 1536:from about 1815 also hangs in the 965:Other activities and personal life 420:, Light married Miss E. Perois in 25: 4440: 3761: 3434:Danvers, Ron (13 November 2013). 2416:"Hindmarsh, Sir John (1785–1860)" 2164:Nicol, Robert (6 December 2013). 1652: 1538:National Portrait Gallery, London 1137: 655:arrived, with Colonial Secretary 527:. The couple became friends with 412:After quitting the army with the 372:on 5 May 1808, being promoted to 4419:Colony of South Australia people 4404:4th Queen's Own Hussars officers 4399:Tuberculosis deaths in Australia 4364:Military personnel from Adelaide 4322:William Light's plan of Adelaide 4289:State Library of South Australia 4261:State Library of South Australia 4222:Dictionary of National Biography 4200: 4085:. Sampson Low, Marston & Co. 4072: 4049: 4022: 3742:State Library of South Australia 3576:"Colonel William Light's Vision" 3268:State Library of South Australia 2672:State Library of South Australia 2480:State Library of South Australia 1657: 1452:South Australian Brewing Company 983:State Library of South Australia 631:on 17 August 1836. Sailing from 356:plantation owner George Boyd in 282:, founder and Superintendent of 4249: 4120:(Contents not available online) 4108:. Angus & Robertson. 1983. 3996: 3975: 3954: 3912: 3886: 3861: 3832: 3807: 3788:Elton, Jude (3 February 2017). 3727: 3699: 3687: 3661: 3618: 3593: 3568: 3514: 3427: 3387: 3354: 3314: 3113: 3012: 2953:"Light's Plan of Adelaide 1837" 2905: 2885: 2872: 2810: 2794: 2772: 2659: 2598: 2579: 2384:"Egyptian Navy ships 1827–1838" 2376: 2287: 1828: 1811: 1802: 1785: 1760: 1743: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1548:His life was dramatised in the 1448:Colton, Palmer and Preston Ltd. 819:, designed in 1682 by surveyor 181:Surveyor, town planner, soldier 4319:Thomas, Robert George (1837). 3696:, www.colonellighthotel.com.au 3668:Skujins, Angela (1 May 2019). 3125:Art Gallery of South Australia 3094:Elton, Jude (28 August 2017). 2426:Australian National University 1944: 1905:Australian National University 1738:First Fleet of South Australia 1607: 1527:Art Gallery of South Australia 1486:Plympton International College 1130:Legacy, recognition, memorials 1118:elaborate structure, built of 1003: 975:Art Gallery of South Australia 475:, in the London studio of the 32:William Light (disambiguation) 13: 1: 3790:"Colonel Light Survey Marker" 3764:"Colonel Light Survey Marker" 3707:"A Portrait of Colonel Light" 2202:Museums Victoria. Collections 1841: 1288:on a tall column made of red 594:, according to the scheme of 535:and founder of modern Egypt. 499:), where Light published his 261: 189:Planning the city of Adelaide 4389:Explorers of South Australia 4188:denisbin (13 January 2019). 3839:denisbin (15 January 2019). 3626:"Windmill for H.W. Phillips" 3460:Goldsworthy, Kerryn (2011). 3295:denisbin (13 January 2019). 2646:From: Light, William. 1839. 1895:"Light, William (1786–1839)" 1705: 1329:South Australian Association 1234:Other symbols of recognition 1065:Later life, death and burial 765: 7: 3210:. July 2004. Archived from 3153:. InDaily. 9 September 2019 2637:. p. 2. Archived from 1718:Steurt's great-grandmother. 1683: 1560:Colonel Light - The Founder 1462:in the brewery carpark, in 1327:, the Old Colonists of the 1216:Governor of South Australia 981:. Others are housed in the 862:and other American cities, 713: 104:George Owen Ormsby (acting) 10: 4445: 4231:"The Colonel Light Statue" 4095: 3362:"Colonel Light's Monument" 2742:"The Colonel Light Statue" 1782:and many smaller projects. 1700:History of South Australia 1365:, which has its source at 1112:George Strickland Kingston 1007: 756:George Strickland Kingston 459:. He was badly wounded at 455:militia, Light was made a 29: 4149:Dutton, Geoffrey (1960), 3712:The Express and Telegraph 3322:"The Southern Australian" 3173:"Colonel Light's Cottage" 1529:. A portrait of Light by 1484:. In 2017 it was renamed 1010:George Mayo § Family 193: 185: 177: 166: 146: 117: 112: 108: 98: 86: 75: 68: 64: 48: 41: 4414:Australian city founders 4124:Kwan, Elizabeth (1987), 2851:Dutton, Francis (1846). 1992:Flinders Ranges Research 1893:Elder, David F. (1967). 1823:Adelaide railway station 1612: 1308:, and afterwards in the 842:, and, closest to home, 27:British military officer 4087:(Trove catalogue entry 3694:The Colonel Light Hotel 3644:"Colonel William Light" 3497:"Colonel William Light" 3462:"Chapter 4: The statue" 3367:The Southern Australian 3177:The Register (Adelaide) 2982:William Light Institute 2978:"Colonel William Light" 2891:Higgins, Hannah (2009) 2784:History South Australia 2666:Light, William (1838). 2166:"Colonel William Light" 1988:"Colonel William Light" 1795:is on the west side of 1774:Town Hall, some of the 1643:Penang's modern history 1508:Jacob Barrow Montefiore 1430:Royal Adelaide Hospital 1426:John Lavington Bonython 1323:, dedicating it to the 1075:Charles Beaumont Howard 844:Edward Gibbon Wakefield 596:Edward Gibbon Wakefield 467:Second marriage, travel 55:Colonel William Light: 3962:"AGSA - William Light" 3869:"Light Square, Marion" 3580:Adelaide City Explorer 2181:...first published in 1625:festival and Penang's 1258: 1157: 775: 665:Indigenous Australians 525:John Gardner Wilkinson 224: 212: 204: 3400:The Adelaide Observer 2593:on 27 September 2011. 1793:West Terrace Cemetery 1500:Adelaide City Council 1404:Colonel Light Gardens 1275:Herbert Louis Jackman 1268:Adelaide City Council 1256: 1145: 1042:West Terrace Cemetery 935:, Light surveyed the 911:), Henry Nixon (arr. 784:West Terrace Cemetery 773: 639:, sailing first past 280:Captain Francis Light 218: 210: 202: 43:Colonel William Light 4312:2 April 2019 at the 3522:"Sibley, Henry Evan" 3395:"Local Intelligence" 3274:on 15 September 2019 2878:Burns, Ross (2005), 2817:Fort, Carol (2008). 2790:on 17 February 2011. 2486:on 15 September 2019 1817:Jackman worked with 1740:on Dr Edward Wright. 1627:George Town Festival 1516:Alexander Lang Elder 1172:William Birnie Rhind 603:Charles James Napier 473:3rd Duke of Richmond 323:watercolour painting 173:and Martinha Rozells 4327:(Accompanying text 4055:Holm, Janet (2005) 3632:. Building Details. 3630:Architects Database 3605:Architects Database 3554:Adelaide Advertiser 3526:Architects Database 3501:Monuments Australia 3327:Southern Australian 3025:Southern Australian 2880:Damascus: A History 2079:The Barefoot Review 1695:History of Adelaide 1647:Flinders University 1493:Jubilee 150 Walkway 1188:General Post Office 1056:Flinders University 955:James Hurtle Fisher 921:), and draughtsman 747:James Hurtle Fisher 704:Port Adelaide River 627:. The ship reached 252:Adelaide Park Lands 4102:"Light, William". 3951:, p. 135-136. 3925:Guardian Messenger 3844:(photo & text) 3648:Monument Australia 3351:, p. 130-132. 3243:Monument Australia 3073:, p. 129-130. 3049:, p. 123-127. 3009:, p. 120-122. 2988:on 22 October 2019 2882:, Routledge, p. 39 2769:, p. 114-123. 2702:Henderson, Kelly. 2626:Henderson, Kelly. 2535:"Pioneer Ships #2" 2390:on 18 October 2019 2113:, pp. 35, 45. 1998:on 26 October 2019 1409:Light Memorial at 1398:The naming of the 1259: 1204:John Hannah Gordon 1158: 996:, after which the 987:Adelaide Town Hall 809:Laws of the Indies 776: 694:Designing Adelaide 457:lieutenant-colonel 449:King Ferdinand VII 390:Duke of Wellington 380:, where he learnt 315:Sheriff of Suffolk 304:Georgetown, Penang 266:Light was born in 225: 213: 205: 93:office established 18:Col. William Light 4369:People from Kedah 4160:978-0-7270-1913-4 4137:978-0-7243-6494-7 3477:978-1-74224-092-3 2901:978-0-262-51240-4 2726:, p. 95-105. 2644:on 10 July 2022. 2435:978-0-522-84459-7 2334:, pp. 63–65. 2224:, pp. 51–59. 2149:, pp. 50–51. 2137:, pp. 46–50. 2101:, pp. 43–44. 1914:978-0-522-84459-7 1847:In-line citations 1768:Boer War Memorial 1443:on 21 April 1989. 1339:, located in the 1192:Mayor of Adelaide 1176:Henry Evan Sibley 1038:Carrington Street 892:After resignation 872:Swan River Colony 868:Van Diemen’s Land 519:and Mary studied 445:Sir Robert Wilson 197: 196: 16:(Redirected from 4436: 4326: 4305:Catalogue entry 4304: 4302: 4300: 4277:Catalogue entry 4276: 4274: 4272: 4238: 4226: 4204: 4203: 4197: 4163: 4140: 4119: 4086: 4067: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3900:on 30 April 2018 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3845: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3739: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3493: 3482: 3481: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3270:. Archived from 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3235: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3200: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3147: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3091: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3061:, p. 128-9. 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2931: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2903: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2814: 2808: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2786:. Archived from 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2738: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2708: 2699: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2643: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2613: 2602: 2596: 2594: 2589:. Archived from 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2564:, p. 72-89. 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2531: 2522: 2521:, p. 76-78. 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2482:. Archived from 2472: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2412: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2386:. Archived from 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2297:Views of Pompeii 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2263:. The Advertiser 2252: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2161: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2073:Harris, Samela. 2070: 2055: 2049: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2021: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1994:. Archived from 1984: 1969: 1968: 1953:Social Scientist 1948: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1890: 1861: 1856: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1789: 1783: 1764: 1758: 1747: 1741: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1667:Christchurch, NZ 1594: 1590: 1586: 1491:A plaque on the 1456:West End Brewery 1277:. It featured a 1186:, (opposite the 923:Robert G. Thomas 840:John Stuart Mill 688:Proclamation Day 501:Views of Pompeii 368:regiment of the 240:Surveyor-General 234:, was a British- 221:Sicilian Scenery 153: 127: 125: 113:Personal details 101: 89: 80: 53: 39: 38: 21: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4349: 4348: 4314:Wayback Machine 4298: 4296: 4295:on 2 April 2019 4270: 4268: 4267:on 2 April 2019 4252: 4229: 4201: 4179: 4177:Further reading 4161: 4138: 4116: 4101: 4098: 4075: 4070: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3843: 3837: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 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629:Kangaroo Island 588: 481:Charlotte Jones 469: 437:French invasion 395:Channel Islands 339: 264: 219:William Light, 161:South Australia 155: 151: 137: 129: 123: 121: 99: 87: 81: 76: 60: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4442: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4316: 4281: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4240: 4235:The Advertiser 4227: 4213:Light, William 4198: 4185: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4159: 4146: 4136: 4121: 4114: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4048: 4021: 3995: 3974: 3953: 3938: 3911: 3885: 3860: 3831: 3819:Waymarking.com 3806: 3780: 3768:SA History Hub 3754: 3726: 3698: 3686: 3660: 3635: 3617: 3592: 3567: 3538: 3513: 3483: 3476: 3449: 3426: 3424:, p. 134. 3414: 3386: 3353: 3341: 3313: 3287: 3255: 3225: 3190: 3164: 3137: 3112: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3011: 2999: 2969: 2943: 2918: 2904: 2884: 2871: 2843: 2829: 2809: 2801:The Park Lands 2793: 2771: 2759: 2746:The Advertiser 2728: 2716: 2685: 2658: 2615: 2597: 2578: 2566: 2554: 2523: 2511: 2499: 2464: 2434: 2404: 2375: 2363: 2351: 2336: 2324: 2286: 2274: 2226: 2214: 2189: 2151: 2139: 2127: 2115: 2103: 2091: 2056: 2041: 2009: 1970: 1959:(3/4): 74–93. 1943: 1913: 1862: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1827: 1819:Daniel Garlick 1810: 1801: 1784: 1759: 1742: 1729: 1720: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1685: 1682: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653:Misconceptions 1651: 1635:TerryandTheCuz 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1598:Barossa Valley 1567: 1564: 1546: 1545: 1523: 1496: 1489: 1478: 1467: 1444: 1433: 1414: 1407: 1396: 1381: 1374: 1359: 1352: 1349:Torrens Island 1334: 1333: 1332: 1317: 1298:Theodore Bruce 1251: 1250: 1235: 1232: 1196:Theodore Bruce 1155:North Adelaide 1147:Light's Vision 1139: 1138:Light's Vision 1136: 1131: 1128: 1124:Francis Dutton 1082:Trinity Church 1066: 1063: 1005: 1002: 998:Barossa Valley 966: 963: 893: 890: 856:British Canada 828:Jeremy Bentham 767: 764: 724:Adelaide Hills 715: 712: 695: 692: 677:Spencer's Gulf 587: 584: 573:Blackwall Yard 569:John Hindmarsh 549:paddle steamer 468: 465: 422:Derry, Ireland 378:Peninsular War 338: 335: 331:King George IV 263: 260: 256:Light's Vision 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 168: 164: 163: 154:(aged 53) 150:6 October 1839 148: 144: 143: 119: 115: 114: 110: 109: 106: 105: 102: 96: 95: 90: 84: 83: 73: 72: 66: 65: 62: 61: 57:Self Portrait, 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4441: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4280: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4244: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4207:public domain 4199: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4171: 4170:Trove records 4167: 4162: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4144: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4117: 4115:0-207-14820-1 4111: 4107: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4073:Cited sources 4066: 4065:1-877270-86-5 4062: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3984: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3943: 3927:. news.com.au 3926: 3922: 3915: 3899: 3895: 3894:"Our history" 3889: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3849: 3842: 3835: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3769: 3765: 3762:Elton, Jude. 3758: 3743: 3736: 3730: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3454: 3437: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3383: 3380:According to 3369: 3368: 3363: 3357: 3350: 3345: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3317: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3244: 3240: 3239:"Maria Gandy" 3234: 3232: 3230: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3152: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020:"Advertising" 3015: 3008: 3003: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2928: 2922: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2893:The Grid Book 2888: 2881: 2875: 2868: 2856: 2855: 2847: 2832: 2830:9781862547827 2826: 2822: 2821: 2813: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2725: 2720: 2712: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2622: 2620: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2576:, p. 94. 2575: 2570: 2563: 2558: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2530: 2528: 2520: 2515: 2509:, p. 70. 2508: 2503: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2471: 2469: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2411: 2409: 2401: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2373:, p. 81. 2372: 2367: 2361:, p. 70. 2360: 2355: 2349:, p. 66. 2348: 2343: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2320: 2314: 2299: 2298: 2290: 2284:, p. 60. 2283: 2278: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2223: 2218: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2186: 2184: 2171: 2167: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2148: 2143: 2136: 2131: 2125:, p. 45. 2124: 2119: 2112: 2107: 2100: 2095: 2080: 2076: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2054:, p. 42. 2053: 2048: 2046: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1947: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1831: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1805: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1756: 1752: 1746: 1739: 1733: 1724: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1677:Edward Jollie 1674: 1664: 1658:Port Adelaide 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1555:Awake My Love 1551: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512:Raikes Currie 1509: 1505: 1504:George Palmer 1501: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1441:Susan Lenehan 1438: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1406:in the 1920s. 1405: 1401: 1400:garden suburb 1397: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385:self-portrait 1382: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1356:Currie Street 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345:Pelican Point 1342: 1338: 1337:Light Passage 1335: 1330: 1326: 1325:Kaurna people 1322: 1321:North Terrace 1318: 1315: 1314:State Library 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200:Chief Justice 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1163: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1135: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108:John Morphett 1104: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1086:North Terrace 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1020: 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Finniss 900: 889: 886: 880: 878: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 801: 796: 791: 787: 785: 781: 772: 763: 759: 757: 753: 748: 744: 743:Encounter Bay 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 720:River Torrens 711: 709: 705: 700: 691: 689: 685: 684: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 657:Robert Gouger 654: 650: 646: 645:Port Adelaide 643:, then up to 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 625:"First Fleet" 622: 621: 616: 611: 608: 604: 599: 597: 593: 583: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565:Egyptian Navy 562: 558: 554: 550: 545: 542: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 334: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 307: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 232:Colonel Light 229: 228:William Light 222: 217: 209: 201: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 171:Francis Light 169: 165: 162: 158: 149: 145: 141: 136: 132: 128:27 April 1786 120: 116: 111: 107: 103: 97: 94: 91: 85: 79: 74: 71: 67: 63: 58: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 4321: 4297:. 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SA Memory 2359:Steurt 1901 2347:Steurt 1901 2332:Steurt 1901 2282:Steurt 1901 2261:AdelaideNow 2222:Steurt 1901 2147:Steurt 1901 2135:Steurt 1901 2123:Steurt 1901 2111:Steurt 1901 2099:Steurt 1901 2052:Steurt 1901 1791:Adelaide's 1608:In the arts 1580:Mount Lofty 1572:watercolour 1552:stage play 1437:survey mark 1393:George Mayo 1363:Light River 1034:George Mayo 1004:Maria Gandy 1000:was named. 985:and in the 939:, and, for 848:city-states 836:Robert Owen 741:mouth near 489:Switzerland 327:East Indian 268:Kuala Kedah 131:Kuala Kedah 88:Preceded by 4353:Categories 4299:22 October 4271:22 October 4041:23 October 3853:23 October 3824:1 November 3799:21 October 3773:21 October 3747:23 October 3719:22 October 3679:22 October 3653:21 October 3610:21 October 3585:31 October 3560:31 October 3531:31 October 3506:31 October 3442:31 October 3438:. 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