2274:
1389:
465:
1519:
1375:
1525:
29:
547:
502:
rocks are carried to depths of 70 km (43 mi) or more. Coesite is formed at pressures above about 2.5 GPa (25 kbar) and temperature above about 700 °C. This corresponds to a depth of about 70 km in the Earth. It can be preserved as mineral inclusions in other phases because as it
558:
with each silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedron. Each oxygen atom is then bonded to two Si atoms to form a framework. There are two crystallographically distinct Si atoms and five different oxygen positions in the unit cell. Although the unit cell is close to being
507:, the quartz rim exerts pressure on the core of the grain, preserving the metastable grain as tectonic forces uplift and expose these rock at the surface. As a result, the grains have a characteristic texture of a polycrystalline quartz rim (see infobox figure).
449:, in Arizona, US, which was evidence that the crater must have been formed by an impact. After this report, the presence of coesite in unmetamorphosed rocks was taken as evidence of a meteorite
1052:
Korsakov, A.V.; Shatskiy, V. S. & Sobolev N.V. (1998). "Первая находка коэсита в эклогитах Кокчетавского массива (First occurrence of coesite in eclogites from the
Kokchetav Massif)".
490:
is the most common host of such xenoliths. In metamorphic rocks, coesite is now recognized as one of the best mineral indicators of metamorphism at very high pressures (UHP, or
1017:
Ghiribelli, B.; Frezzotti, M.L. & Palmeri, R. (2002). "Coesite in eclogites of the
Lanterman Range (Antarctica): Evidence from textural and Raman studies".
1422:
1274:; Jay B Thomas; William O Nachlas; Paul G Fitzgerald (2020). "Evidence for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism discovered in the Appalachian orogen".
1200:
O'Brien, P.J.; N. Zotov; R. Law; M.A. Khan; M.Q. Jan (2001). "Coesite in
Himalayan eclogite and implications for models of India-Asia collision".
1360:
1478:
1508:
939:
Chopin, Christian (1984). "Coesite and pure pyrope in high-grade blueschists of the
Western Alps: a first record and some consequences".
1498:
1493:
1993:
598:
within the stability field of quartz: coesite will eventually decay back into quartz with a consequent volume increase, although the
1473:
1415:
1483:
982:
Massonne, H.-J. (2001). "First find of coesite in the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic area of the central
Erzgebirge, Germany".
1318:
828:
2317:
1488:
1468:
1503:
1463:
1431:
1408:
1785:
1365:
1241:"First Discovery of Coesite in the Appalachians: Characterization of Prograde Metamorphism in a Taconic Metapelite"
709:
396:
100:
491:
1221:
1178:
2302:
717:
242:
1986:
1953:
1689:
1684:
1589:
602:
is very slow at the low temperatures of the Earth's surface. The crystal symmetry is monoclinic C2/c, No.15,
275:
2312:
1896:
1724:
1709:
1629:
1574:
901:
Smyth, Joseph R.; Hatton, C.J. (1977). "A coesite-sanidine grospydite from the
Roberts Victor kimberlite".
131:
1845:
1744:
1569:
1554:
1071:
Smith, D.C. (1984). "Coesite in clinopyroxene in the
Caledonides and its implications for geodynamics".
2307:
1948:
1739:
1734:
1694:
1654:
820:
595:
1729:
1564:
692:
115:
2322:
1979:
1918:
1669:
1539:
1835:
1704:
1634:
1116:"A coesite inclusion in dolomite in Dabie Shan, China: petrological and rheological significance"
531:
90:
1674:
1938:
1815:
1679:
1594:
850:
Chao, E. C. T.; Shoemaker, E. M.; Madsen, B. M. (1960). "First
Natural Occurrence of Coesite".
648:
152:
1240:
1959:
1943:
1891:
814:
535:
510:
Coesite has been identified in UHP metamorphic rocks around the world, including the western
230:
218:
914:
2183:
1609:
1283:
1269:
1252:
1234:
1209:
1166:
1127:
1115:
1080:
1026:
991:
948:
910:
859:
771:
657:
599:
693:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1995).
8:
1544:
1038:
1003:
705:
511:
265:
255:
223:
210:
38:
1287:
1256:
1213:
1170:
1131:
1084:
1030:
995:
952:
863:
775:
661:
1855:
1760:
1299:
1096:
964:
883:
675:
1659:
1619:
2173:
2066:
2013:
1908:
1714:
1664:
1649:
1549:
1303:
1182:
1154:
968:
922:
875:
824:
787:
762:
713:
679:
523:
438:
1644:
887:
694:
2244:
1933:
1805:
1639:
1584:
1579:
1394:
1291:
1217:
1174:
1135:
1100:
1088:
1034:
999:
956:
918:
867:
779:
665:
519:
479:
458:
446:
442:
369:
303:
71:
1333:
2278:
2099:
2002:
1913:
1901:
1790:
1624:
1271:
1236:
871:
783:
572:
527:
499:
400:
567:
and cannot be hexagonal. The crystal structure of coesite is similar to that of
417:), and moderately high temperature (700 °C, 1,300 °F), are applied to
2254:
2133:
2112:
1860:
1820:
1795:
1780:
1599:
1559:
1380:
1139:
745:
603:
426:
110:
1614:
2296:
1923:
1800:
1719:
1442:
1186:
555:
515:
335:
205:
122:
59:
1400:
740:
563:
in shape ("a" and "c" are nearly equal and β nearly 120°), it is inherently
2249:
2026:
1928:
1850:
1840:
1447:
879:
810:
791:
457:
explosion. It was not expected that coesite would survive in high pressure
450:
187:
2178:
1699:
1604:
1518:
1051:
575:
454:
422:
235:
140:
1199:
1016:
670:
643:
2259:
2188:
2155:
2074:
2051:
2046:
1865:
1765:
960:
621:
615:
564:
495:
487:
464:
414:
1374:
2216:
2168:
2107:
2056:
1830:
1825:
1810:
1295:
1092:
594:
rings. The rings are further arranged into chains. This structure is
560:
475:
1155:"Coesite-bearing eclogite from the Dabie Mountains in central China"
2239:
2234:
2036:
568:
472:
345:
42:
34:
1971:
1524:
33:
Crossed-polars image of coesite grain (gray) ~1 mm across in
2211:
2031:
2005:
1875:
1870:
1770:
404:
285:
1319:"High-pressure crystal structure and compressibility of coesite"
760:
Coes, Jr., L. (31 July 1953). "A New Dense
Crystalline Silica".
2226:
2089:
2041:
504:
418:
63:
28:
2163:
2138:
2084:
2079:
1239:; Jay B Thomas; William O Nachlas; Paul G Fitzgerald (2019).
483:
407:
2203:
2193:
2117:
1222:
10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0435:CIHEAI>2.0.CO;2
1179:
10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1085:CBEFTD>2.3.CO;2
800:
is pronounced as "Coze-ite", after chemist Loring Coes, Jr.
384:
378:
546:
471:
In metamorphic rocks, coesite was initially described in
437:
In 1960, a natural occurrence of coesite was reported by
1113:
518:
of
Germany, the Lanterman Range of Antarctica, in the
1316:
1153:
Wang, Xiaomin; Liou, J. G.; Mao, H. K. (1989-12-01).
381:
375:
1370:
387:
849:
372:
213:
in UHP metamorphic minerals up to 3 mm in size
2294:
981:
482:of the Earth that were carried up by ascending
1366:Barringer Meteor Crater science education page
413:) that is formed when very high pressure (2–3
1987:
1430:
1416:
934:
932:
618:, forming at higher pressure than stishovite
463:
1152:
1070:
900:
1994:
1980:
1423:
1409:
941:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
929:
759:
669:
545:
16:Silica mineral, rare polymorph of quartz
2295:
938:
1975:
1404:
809:
494:). Such UHP metamorphic rocks record
644:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
641:
541:
2001:
1114:Schertl, H.-P.; Okay, A.I. (1994).
903:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
704:. Vol. 2 (Silica, Silicates).
498:or continental collisions in which
421:. Coesite was first synthesized by
13:
753:
14:
2334:
1354:
2272:
1523:
1517:
1387:
1373:
1317:Levien L.; Prewitt C.T. (1981).
1039:10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0355
1004:10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-0565
710:Mineralogical Society of America
534:of Eastern Pakistan, and in the
368:
45:. Polycrystalline rim is quartz.
27:
1310:
1263:
1228:
1193:
1146:
1107:
1064:
1045:
1010:
492:ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism
1019:European Journal of Mineralogy
984:European Journal of Mineralogy
975:
894:
843:
803:
733:
686:
635:
432:
1:
1954:Lunar and Planetary Institute
1786:Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
628:
624:, a higher-pressure polymorph
923:10.1016/0012-821X(77)90012-7
872:10.1126/science.132.3421.220
784:10.1126/science.118.3057.131
530:Range in Eastern China, the
514:of Italy at Dora Maira, the
7:
1846:Planar deformation features
609:
550:Atomic structure of coesite
10:
2339:
2318:Minerals in space group 15
1949:Impact Field Studies Group
821:Cambridge University Press
2268:
2225:
2202:
2154:
2147:
2126:
2098:
2065:
2012:
1884:
1753:
1532:
1515:
1456:
1438:
1432:Impact cratering on Earth
1332:: 324–333. Archived from
746:Dictionary.com Unabridged
354:
344:
334:
302:
294:
284:
274:
264:
254:
241:
229:
217:
204:
196:
186:
181:
151:
139:
121:
109:
99:
89:
70:
55:
50:
26:
21:
1919:William Kenneth Hartmann
1585:Clearwater East and West
1533:Confirmed≥20 km diameter
441:, in collaboration with
425:, Jr., a chemist at the
1836:Ordovician meteor event
915:1977E&PSL..34..284S
1939:Eugene Merle Shoemaker
1816:Late Heavy Bombardment
1054:Doklady Earth Sciences
702:Handbook of Mineralogy
649:Mineralogical Magazine
551:
526:region of Norway, the
522:of Kazakhstan, in the
468:
2303:Impact event minerals
1960:Traces of Catastrophe
1944:Earth Impact Database
1892:Ralph Belknap Baldwin
1326:American Mineralogist
571:and consists of four
549:
536:Appalachian Mountains
503:partially reverts to
467:
101:Strunz classification
1140:10.1127/ejm/6/6/0995
642:Warr, L. N. (2021).
600:metamorphic reaction
2313:Monoclinic minerals
2279:Minerals portal
1288:2020Geo....48..947G
1257:2019AGUFM.V51B..03G
1214:2001Geo....29..435O
1171:1989Geo....17.1085W
1132:1994EJMin...6..995S
1085:1984Natur.310..641S
1031:2002EJMin..14..355G
996:2001EJMin..13..565M
953:1984CoMP...86..107C
864:1960Sci...132..220C
776:1953Sci...118..131C
706:Chantilly, Virginia
671:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
662:2021MinM...85..291W
1856:Shock metamorphism
1761:Alvarez hypothesis
961:10.1007/BF00381838
816:The Diamond Makers
552:
469:
295:Optical properties
192:60.0843 g/mol
2308:Silica polymorphs
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2174:Chrome chalcedony
2148:Notable varieties
2067:Cryptocrystalline
1969:
1968:
1909:Edward C. T. Chao
1270:Joseph Gonzalez;
1235:Joseph Gonzalez;
1165:(12): 1085–1088.
1079:(5979): 641–644.
830:978-0-521-65474-6
770:(3057): 131–132.
542:Crystal structure
459:metamorphic rocks
439:Edward C. T. Chao
361:
360:
290:2.92 (calculated)
135:
37:. Small, colored
2330:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2245:Herkimer diamond
2152:
2151:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1934:Peter H. Schultz
1897:Daniel Barringer
1806:Impact structure
1527:
1521:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:Chemistry portal
1392:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1296:10.1130/G47507.1
1267:
1261:
1260:
1245:AGU Fall Meeting
1232:
1226:
1225:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1093:10.1038/310641a0
1068:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1014:
1008:
1007:
979:
973:
972:
936:
927:
926:
898:
892:
891:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
813:(22 July 1999).
811:Hazen, Robert M.
807:
801:
795:
757:
751:
750:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
699:
690:
684:
683:
673:
639:
520:Kokchetav Massif
447:Barringer Crater
443:Eugene Shoemaker
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
304:Refractive index
247:
129:
127:Prismatic (2/m)
85:
77:
76:(repeating unit)
31:
19:
18:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2323:Silicon dioxide
2293:
2292:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2221:
2198:
2143:
2122:
2094:
2061:
2008:
2000:
1970:
1965:
1914:Robert S. Dietz
1902:Barringer Medal
1880:
1791:Cryptoexplosion
1749:
1680:Puchezh-Katunki
1660:Nördlinger Ries
1528:
1522:
1513:
1479:Asia and Russia
1452:
1434:
1429:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1282:(10): 947–951.
1272:Suzanne Baldwin
1268:
1264:
1237:Suzanne Baldwin
1233:
1229:
1198:
1194:
1151:
1147:
1126:(6): 995–1000.
1120:Eur. J. Mineral
1112:
1108:
1069:
1065:
1050:
1046:
1015:
1011:
980:
976:
937:
930:
899:
895:
858:(3421): 220–2.
848:
844:
835:
833:
831:
808:
804:
758:
754:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
720:
697:
691:
687:
640:
636:
631:
612:
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:silicon dioxide
544:
435:
412:
401:silicon dioxide
371:
367:
329:
323:
321:
315:
313:
245:
173:
171:
166:
161:
128:
84:
80:
75:
74:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2255:Shocked quartz
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2113:Lechatelierite
2110:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Shocked quartz
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Lechatelierite
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1796:Ejecta blanket
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Complex crater
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Chesapeake Bay
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1384:
1381:Science portal
1369:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1355:External links
1353:
1350:
1349:
1309:
1262:
1227:
1208:(5): 435–438.
1192:
1145:
1106:
1063:
1044:
1025:(2): 355–360.
1009:
990:(3): 565–570.
974:
947:(2): 107–118.
928:
893:
842:
829:
823:. p. 91.
802:
752:
749:(Online). n.d.
732:
718:
685:
656:(3): 291–320.
633:
632:
630:
627:
626:
625:
619:
611:
608:
604:Pearson symbol
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:arranged in Si
543:
540:
524:Western Gneiss
434:
431:
427:Norton Company
410:
359:
358:
356:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
338:
332:
331:
327:
319:
311:
306:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
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252:
251:
248:
239:
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233:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
208:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
182:Identification
179:
178:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
125:
119:
118:
113:
111:Crystal system
107:
106:
103:
97:
96:
93:
87:
86:
82:
78:
68:
67:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2335:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2281:
2280:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:Miscellaneous
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
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2028:
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2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1997:
1992:
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1978:
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1974:
1962:
1961:
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1952:
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1947:
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1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:H. Jay Melosh
1922:
1920:
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1801:Impact crater
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1705:Slate Islands
1703:
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1499:South America
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1494:North America
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1443:Impact crater
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1396:
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1339:on 2016-06-04
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721:
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703:
696:
689:
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677:
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663:
659:
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650:
645:
638:
634:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
607:
605:
601:
597:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
556:tectosilicate
554:Coesite is a
548:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:Ore Mountains
513:
508:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
409:
406:
402:
398:
395:) is a form (
392:
365:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
337:
336:Birefringence
333:
326:
318:
310:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
237:
234:
232:
228:
225:
222:
220:
216:
212:
209:
207:
206:Crystal habit
203:
199:
195:
191:
189:
185:
180:
176:
170:= 7.143
169:
164:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
133:
126:
124:
123:Crystal class
120:
117:
114:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
79:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:Tectosilicate
58:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2270:
2250:Smoky quartz
2027:Cristobalite
2021:
1958:
1929:Graham Ryder
1851:Shatter cone
1841:Philippinite
1775:
1690:Saint Martin
1685:Rochechouart
1590:Gosses Bluff
1545:Amelia Creek
1448:Impact event
1361:Coesite page
1341:. Retrieved
1334:the original
1329:
1325:
1312:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1248:
1244:
1230:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1022:
1018:
1012:
987:
983:
977:
944:
940:
906:
902:
896:
855:
851:
845:
834:. Retrieved
815:
805:
797:
767:
761:
755:
744:
735:
723:. Retrieved
701:
688:
653:
647:
637:
553:
538:of Vermont.
509:
470:
451:impact event
436:
363:
362:
324:
316:
308:
188:Formula mass
174:
167:
162:
157:
145:
2179:Chrysoprase
2134:Tiger's eye
2014:Crystalline
1725:Tookoonooka
1710:Steen River
1700:Siljan Ring
1630:Manicouagan
1615:Keurusselkä
1251:: V51B–03.
725:December 5,
455:atomic bomb
433:Occurrences
429:, in 1953.
423:Loring Coes
415:gigapascals
280:Transparent
276:Diaphaneity
172:β = 120.00°
141:Space group
2297:Categories
2260:Prasiolite
2189:Moss agate
2184:Heliotrope
2156:Chalcedony
2075:Chalcedony
2052:Stishovite
2047:Seifertite
1866:Stishovite
1766:Australite
1745:Yarrabubba
1715:Strangways
1675:Presqu'île
1650:Montagnais
1620:Lappajärvi
1570:Charlevoix
1555:Beaverhead
1550:Araguainha
1504:By country
1474:Antarctica
1343:2009-12-15
909:(2): 284.
836:2012-06-06
719:0962209716
629:References
622:Stishovite
616:Seifertite
596:metastable
576:tetrahedra
565:monoclinic
528:Dabie-Shan
496:subduction
488:kimberlite
355:References
243:Mohs scale
224:Conchoidal
211:Inclusions
132:H–M symbol
116:Monoclinic
91:IMA symbol
2217:Geyserite
2169:Carnelian
2108:Fulgurite
2100:Amorphous
2057:Tridymite
1831:Moldavite
1826:Meteorite
1811:Impactite
1740:Woodleigh
1735:Vredefort
1695:Shoemaker
1655:Morokweng
1640:Mistastin
1580:Chicxulub
1484:Australia
1464:Worldwide
1304:224854495
1187:0091-7613
969:128818052
796:The word
741:"coesite"
695:"Coesite"
680:235729616
561:hexagonal
532:Himalayas
478:from the
476:xenoliths
453:or of an
397:polymorph
200:Colorless
153:Unit cell
39:inclusion
2240:Ametrine
2235:Amethyst
2037:Moganite
2006:minerals
1885:Research
1730:Tunnunik
1625:Logancha
1595:Haughton
1565:Carswell
1509:Possible
1060:: 77–81.
888:45197811
880:17748937
792:17835139
610:See also
569:feldspar
473:eclogite
346:2V angle
260:Vitreous
246:hardness
231:Tenacity
219:Fracture
165:= 12.383
56:Category
43:pyroxene
35:eclogite
2212:Fiorite
2032:Keatite
2022:Coesite
1876:Tektite
1871:Suevite
1776:Coesite
1771:Breccia
1720:Sudbury
1670:Popigai
1665:Obolon'
1645:Mjølnir
1610:Karakul
1600:Kamensk
1560:Boltysh
1540:Acraman
1284:Bibcode
1276:Geology
1253:Bibcode
1210:Bibcode
1202:Geology
1167:Bibcode
1159:Geology
1128:Bibcode
1101:4330257
1081:Bibcode
1027:Bibcode
992:Bibcode
949:Bibcode
911:Bibcode
860:Bibcode
852:Science
798:coesite
772:Bibcode
763:Science
658:Bibcode
500:crustal
445:, from
364:Coesite
330:= 1.599
322:= 1.595
314:= 1.594
298:Biaxial
286:Density
236:Brittle
160:= 7.143
105:4.DA.35
72:Formula
51:General
22:Coesite
2227:Quartz
2090:Jasper
2042:Quartz
2003:Silica
1754:Topics
1635:Manson
1489:Europe
1469:Africa
1302:
1185:
1099:
1073:Nature
967:
886:
878:
827:
790:
716:
678:
606:mS48.
586:and Si
505:quartz
484:magmas
480:mantle
419:quartz
340:+0.006
266:Streak
256:Luster
130:(same
64:quartz
2164:Agate
2139:Aqeeq
2085:Flint
2080:Chert
1457:Lists
1337:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1300:S2CID
1097:S2CID
965:S2CID
884:S2CID
698:(PDF)
676:S2CID
399:) of
350:60–70
270:White
250:7.5-8
197:Color
66:group
2204:Opal
2194:Onyx
2118:Opal
1605:Kara
1249:2019
1183:ISSN
876:PMID
825:ISBN
788:PMID
727:2011
714:ISBN
512:Alps
177:= 16
146:C2/c
1292:doi
1218:doi
1175:doi
1136:doi
1089:doi
1077:310
1058:359
1035:doi
1000:doi
957:doi
919:doi
868:doi
856:132
780:doi
768:118
666:doi
95:Coe
81:SiO
41:is
2299::
1330:66
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1324:.
1298:.
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1280:48
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1216:.
1206:29
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1173:.
1163:17
1161:.
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1087:.
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1033:.
1023:14
1021:.
998:.
988:13
986:.
963:.
955:.
945:86
943:.
931:^
917:.
907:34
905:.
882:.
874:.
866:.
854:.
819:.
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778:.
766:.
743:.
712:.
708::
700:.
674:.
664:.
654:85
652:.
646:.
592:16
486:;
461:.
405:Si
385:aɪ
379:oʊ
62:,
1995:e
1988:t
1981:v
1424:e
1417:t
1410:v
1346:.
1306:.
1294::
1286::
1259:.
1255::
1224:.
1220::
1212::
1189:.
1177::
1169::
1142:.
1138::
1130::
1124:6
1103:.
1091::
1083::
1041:.
1037::
1029::
1006:.
1002::
994::
971:.
959::
951::
925:.
921::
913::
890:.
870::
862::
839:.
794:.
782::
774::
729:.
682:.
668::
660::
590:O
588:8
584:8
582:O
580:4
411:2
408:O
403:(
391:/
388:t
382:s
376:k
373:ˈ
370:/
366:(
328:z
325:n
320:y
317:n
312:x
309:n
175:Z
168:c
163:b
158:a
134:)
83:2
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