1758:
167:
385:) which was later confirmed by Coenred. In the charter, Coenred refers to Offa as his underking. Coenred and his successor also confirmed grants to Waldhere, the Bishop of London, evidence that London was firmly under Mercian overlordship. Later Mercian kings treated London as their direct possession, rather than as a province ruled by an underking, but Coenred did not go that far. A grant of land in Herefordshire to a nun named Feleburg has survived, as have forged charters in Coenred's name granting privileges to
310:
416:, the letter illuminates the "confused relations of the southern English at a moment when they had no common overlord". The reduced prestige of both Coenred and his successor, Ceolred, may have stirred unrest among the Mercian nobility: Æthelbald was in exile during Ceolred's reign, and the survival of a hostile account of Ceolred may indicate a more general dissatisfaction with the ruling line.
329:, Mercia's northern boundary, the two annals have proved difficult to interpret: Coenred and Æthelred may have ruled jointly for two years before Æthelred abdicated, or the chroniclers may have recorded the same event twice, once from a source that was two years in error. According to the 8th-century life of
408:, that Coenred had invited him to a council to be held "about the reconciliation of Ælfthryth". Waldhere refused the invitation as he did not know Berhtwald's opinion on the matter, which was evidently important, although no other reference to it has survived. The letter describes a council to be held at
471:
of
Northumbria, who was forced into a monastery. On the other hand, if Coenred went willingly, as Bede relates, then the apparently friendly relationship between Offa and Coenred, his overlord, makes it clear that the relationship between an overlord and his underking was not hostile in every case.
451:, an early record of the lives of Popes, records the arrival of their party: "in his time, two kings of the Saxons came with many others to pray to the apostles; just as they were hoping, their lives quickly came to an end." A later source, the 11th-century
424:
Coenred appears to have been a very religious king. Bede tells a story of a companion of
Coenred's whose sins led him to damnation despite Coenred's pleas that he should repent and reform. In 709 Coenred abdicated in favour of his cousin
141:
Coenred's reign is poorly documented, but a contemporary source records that he faced attacks from the Welsh. Coenred is not known to have married or had children, although later chronicles describe him as an ancestor of
466:
has suggested that they may not have relinquished their thrones voluntarily. There are instances of kings being forcibly removed and placed in holy orders to make them ineligible for kingship; one such was King
285:
in 685, reduced
Northumbrian power and influence. There is evidence of Mercian activity in the south-east as well. Æthelred invaded Kent in 676, and charters survive in which he confirmed land grants made by
366:, an earthwork barrier in northern Wales; but this now seems unlikely, since an excavation of the Dyke in 1997 found charcoal from a hearth which was radiocarbon-dated to some time between 411 and 561.
223:(Ecclesiastical History of the English People), completed in about 731. Despite its focus on the history of the church, this work provides valuable information about the early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
483:, and became a monk "at the threshold of the apostles" as Bede had it; he stayed in Rome until his death, the date of which is unknown. He is not recorded as having a wife or children. The
1418:
Sims-Williams, Patrick (1976). "Cuthswith, seventh-century abbess of
Inkberrow, near Worcester, and the Würzburg manuscript of Jerome on Ecclesiastes". In Clemoes, Peter (ed.).
883:
Contigit itaque in diebus
Coenredi Merciorum regis, cum Brittones, infesti hostes Saxonici generis, bellis, praedis, publicisque vastationibus Anglorum gentem deturbarent
265:
came to the throne of Mercia as the result of a coup, ending a three-year period of
Northumbrian control. Wulfhere was succeeded on his death (in 675) by his brother
146:, a 9th-century Mercian king. In 709, Coenred abdicated and went on pilgrimage to Rome, where he remained as a monk until his death. In the view of his contemporary,
958:
Charters S 1801, S 1786, S 78, S 79, and S 80; see the listings under "Confirmation of land / privileges" and "Grant" in the "Events" section of
298:, the bishop of London. However, Æthelred does not appear to have sought expansion further south. The growing strength of the West Saxons under
150:, Coenred "who had ruled the kingdom of Mercia for some time and very nobly, with still greater nobility renounced the throne of his kingdom".
241:
s anonymous scribe appears to have incorporated much information recorded in earlier periods. Coenred is also mentioned in two 8th-century
1021:
Huius temporibus duo reges
Saxonum ad orationem apostolorum cum aliis pluribus venientes sub velocitate suam vitam, ut obtabant, finierunt
227:, which recorded royal grants of land to individuals and to religious houses, provide further information on Coenred's reign, as does the
1557:
749:
358:
race, were troubling the
English with their attacks, their pillaging, and their devastations of the people " To counter such attacks,
400:
was limited both before and during
Coenred's reign. In a surviving letter (written in 704 or 705), Waldhere, Bishop of London, tells
1363:
1098:
1090:
219:
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1290:
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as the reason for
Coenred's decision, though this is probably guesswork. Coenred was accompanied by the East Saxon king
1757:
138:
succeeded to the throne in 675 on Wulfhere's death. In 704, Æthelred abdicated in favour of Coenred to become a monk.
1509:
1490:
1471:
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1427:
1408:
1389:
1347:
1325:
1271:
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1229:
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1134:
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1737:
1481:
Wormald, Patrick (1991). "The Age of Bede and Æthelbald". In Campbell, John; Eric, John; Wormald, Patrick (eds.).
1859:
343:
relates how he summoned Coenred and made him swear to support Wilfrid in his conflict with the church hierarchy.
1550:
1304:
1839:
1217:
485:
130:
from 704 to 709. Mercia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the English Midlands. He was a son of the Mercian king
1854:
1834:
273:
became a nun sometime after Wulfhere's death. Æthelred's decisive victory over the Northumbrians at the
294:, kings of west and east Kent. Another charter of Æthelred's, dated between 693 and 704, grants land to
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779:
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429:, son of Æthelred, in order to become a monk in Rome; Bede's story is cited by the medieval chronicler
1844:
1543:
1526:
959:
670:
1707:
1459:
405:
325:
and that in 704 he became king of Mercia. As the "Southumbrians" were those who lived south of the
1462:(1991). "Cœnred king of Mercia 704-9". In Williams, Ann; Smyth, Alfred P.; Kirby, D. P. (eds.).
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135:
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354:: "in the days of Coenred King of the Mercians, the Britons the implacable enemies of the
351:
462:
Historians have generally accepted Bede's report of Coenred's and Offa's abdications, but
8:
1692:
369:
Some surviving charters from Coenred's reign reveal him to have been the overlord of the
274:
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accompanied Coenred and Offa to Rome, but historians have treated this with scepticism.
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to mediate between the kings of the East and West Saxons. In the view of the historian
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84:
202:, the kingdom of the East Saxons, included London and lay between East Anglia and the
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498:
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334:
333:, Æthelred appointed Coenred as his heir despite having at least one son of his own,
295:
155:
143:
58:
269:, Coenred's uncle, possibly because Coenred was too young to rule. Coenred's mother
1702:
1697:
1597:
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480:
442:
370:
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199:
183:
174:
By the 7th century, England was divided into kingdoms ruled almost entirely by the
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1622:
1612:
1607:
1602:
397:
207:
206:. The earliest Mercian king for whom there is definite historical information is
203:
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1667:
1617:
1582:
291:
30:
1828:
1437:
576:
490:
463:
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363:
337:. Æthelred appears to have retained influence during his nephew's reign: the
330:
322:
303:
250:
242:
1682:
175:
104:
1775:
1224:. Translated Texts for Historians. 2nd ed. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 2000.
1200:
287:
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187:
309:
94:
1747:
1535:
409:
401:
178:, who had come to Britain two hundred years earlier. The kingdom of
1813:
King of Mercia during the temporary separation of Mercia and Wessex
1592:
902:, pp. 203, n. 1; pp. 213–214; p. 214 n. 1.
468:
224:
74:
381:(to which he may have been connected by a marriage of his father,
1717:
1148:
494:
476:
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246:
123:
69:
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Warriors, Warlords and Saints: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Mercia
539:
Warriors, Warlords and Saints: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Mercia
362:, who came to the throne in 716, was once thought to have built
1807:
1587:
1281:
Feryok, Marge (2001). "Offa's Dyke". In Zaluckyj, Sarah (ed.).
378:
355:
326:
234:
195:
179:
127:
1627:
497:. They do not say whether this was through Wigstan's father,
278:
1358:
1220:
Gestorum Pontificum Romanorum 1. Berlin; tr. Raymond Davis,
321:
records that in 702 Coenred succeeded to the kingdom of the
306:
would have limited Mercian opportunities in that direction.
1085:
438:
377:, an East Saxon king, made a grant in the territory of the
214:
147:
1340:
Roman Britain and Early England: 55 B.C. – A.D. 871
889:, chapter 34, ed. and tr. B. Colgrave, pp. 108–109.
346:
Coenred's sparsely documented reign is mentioned in the
1309:. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Oxford university press.
1262:
Campbell, John; John, Eric; Wormald, Patrick (1991).
949:
Wormald, "The Age of Bede and Æthelbald", p. 95.
605:
Yorke, "The Origins of Mercia" in Brown & Farr,
479:in Rome, whence he was accompanied by Offa, son of
1283:Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England
1032:Sims-Williams, "Cuthswith", p. 15, n. 6.
1401:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
1826:
565:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
350:. The author, Felix, reports conflicts with the
198:, the kingdom of the West Saxons, to the south.
1502:Kings and Kingdoms in Early Anglo-Saxon England
579:, "The Origins of Mercia" in Brown & Farr,
170:The kingdoms of Britain in the late 7th century
919:
917:
505:, or through his mother, Ælfflæd, daughter of
281:' destruction of the Northumbrian army at the
1551:
1464:A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain
968:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
638:
493:, however, claims that he was an ancestor of
1243:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
1129:. Translated by J.F. Webb. London: Penguin.
1099:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
999:
997:
892:
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625:
599:
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419:
161:
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943:
930:
914:
794:
651:
1558:
1544:
807:
709:
664:
657:Simon Keynes, "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", in
1222:Book of the Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis)
1057:
1048:
1035:
994:
981:
846:
833:
729:
693:
1245:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
1157:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1026:
680:
612:
308:
165:
1364:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1342:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
1299:
567:, Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 267
437:on his journey to Rome, and was made a
1827:
1565:
1091:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
905:
220:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1539:
859:
256:
158:succeeded Coenred as king of Mercia.
1531:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
1313:
964:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
772:
675:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
586:
911:Feryok, "Offa's Dyke", p. 165.
237:at the end of the 9th century. The
213:The main source for this period is
13:
1756:
1054:Bede, HE, V, 19, pp. 299–300.
210:, Coenred's paternal grandfather.
14:
1876:
1520:
1195:. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
186:. Neighbouring kingdoms included
1403:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
528:, "Geneological Tables: Table I"
481:Sighere, king of the East Saxons
1010:
876:
820:
742:
1422:. Cambridge University Press.
1212:, ed. Theodor Mommsen (1898).
557:
544:
531:
518:
1:
1155:Felix's Life of Saint Guthlac
1073:
677:. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
1850:8th-century English monarchs
1285:. Logaston: Logaston Press.
7:
1444:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1306:History of the Anglo-Saxons
1191:Whitelock, Dorothy (1961).
750:"Charters of St. Paul's: 2"
526:History of the Anglo-Saxons
10:
1881:
1382:The Earliest English Kings
1153:Colgrave, Bertram (1956).
754:Trinity College, Cambridge
16:8th-century King of Mercia
1789:
1768:
1754:
1573:
1399:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
1367:. Oxford University Press
1320:. History West Midlands.
1193:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1187:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1170:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1168:Swanton, Michael (1996).
1096:D.H. Farmer, ed. (1991).
828:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
420:Abdication and succession
261:In 658, Coenred's father
182:occupied what is now the
162:Mercia in the 7th century
100:
90:
80:
68:
64:
54:
44:
36:
29:
24:
1803:Also King of East Anglia
1359:"Coenred (d. after 709)"
1019:§ 90, tr. Davis, p. 94.
780:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 65"
512:
406:Archbishop of Canterbury
277:in 679, followed by the
1500:Yorke, Barbara (1990).
1172:. New York: Routledge.
830:, p. 25 n. 5.
552:Biographical Dictionary
550:Williams, "Cœnred", in
1860:Monarchs who abdicated
1762:
1301:Hodgkin, Robert Howard
1065:Earliest English Kings
1043:Earliest English Kings
1023:(ed. Mommsen, p. 225).
925:Earliest English Kings
854:Earliest English Kings
841:Earliest English Kings
802:Earliest English Kings
737:Earliest English Kings
659:Blackwell Encyclopedia
396:Mercia's influence in
314:
283:Battle of Dun Nechtain
171:
1760:
1420:Anglo-Saxon England 5
1384:. London: Routledge.
1380:Kirby, D. P. (1992).
1357:Kelly, S. E. (2004).
1163:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1125:Farmer, D.H. (1988).
815:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
431:William of Malmesbury
319:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
313:Coenred's family tree
312:
230:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
169:
126:675–709) was king of
1840:Anglo-Saxon warriors
1761:Offa (757–796)
1145:Vita Sancti Guthlaci
887:Vita Sancti Guthlaci
507:Ceolwulf I of Mercia
1442:Anglo-Saxon England
1336:Hunter Blair, Peter
1314:Hunt, John (2016).
1110:. London: Penguin.
978:, pp. 142–143.
976:Anglo-Saxon England
940:, pp. 203–205.
938:Anglo-Saxon England
927:, pp. 123–124.
900:Anglo-Saxon England
873:, pp. 169–170.
804:, pp. 126–127.
387:St Paul's Cathedral
275:Battle of the Trent
1855:8th-century deaths
1835:7th-century births
1763:
1567:Monarchs of Mercia
1214:Liber Pontificalis
1209:Liber Pontificalis
1017:Liber Pontificalis
1005:Kings and Kingdoms
989:Kings and Kingdoms
865:Eddius Stephanus,
704:Kings and Kingdoms
688:Kings and Kingdoms
620:Kings and Kingdoms
594:Kings and Kingdoms
448:Liber Pontificalis
340:Life of St Wilfrid
315:
257:Ancestry and reign
172:
1820:
1819:
1574:Kingdom of Mercia
1504:. London: Seaby.
1485:. Penguin Books.
1438:Stenton, Frank M.
1292:978-1-873827-62-8
1266:. Penguin Books.
1237:Secondary sources
1104:Leo Sherley-Price
609:, pp. 18–19.
583:, pp. 15–16.
486:Evesham Chronicle
194:to the east, and
110:
109:
1872:
1845:Mercian monarchs
1738:Æthelred II
1733:Ceolwulf II
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1102:. Translated by
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756:. Archived from
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455:, claims that
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190:to the north,
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1843:
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1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1793:Also King of
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1749:
1746:
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1736:
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1601:
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1591:
1589:
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1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:527–918
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1513:
1511:1-85264-027-8
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1492:0-14-014395-5
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1473:1-85264-047-2
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:Williams, Ann
1457:
1453:
1451:0-19-821716-1
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1429:0-521-03862-6
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:0-631-22492-0
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1391:0-415-09086-5
1387:
1383:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1349:0-393-00361-2
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:9781905036332
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1273:0-14-014395-5
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1254:0-8264-7765-8
1250:
1247:. Continuum.
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:0-85323-545-7
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1179:0-415-92129-5
1175:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:("Life of St
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:0-14-044437-8
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1117:0-14-044565-X
1113:
1109:
1106:. Revised by
1105:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1066:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1000:
998:
990:
984:
977:
971:
965:
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955:
946:
939:
933:
926:
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918:
908:
901:
895:
888:
884:
879:
872:
868:
862:
855:
849:
842:
836:
829:
823:
817:, p. 41.
816:
810:
803:
797:
782:. Sean Miller
781:
775:
759:
755:
751:
745:
738:
732:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
705:
699:
697:
690:, p. 96.
689:
683:
676:
672:
667:
661:, p. 35.
660:
654:
647:
641:
634:
633:Roman Britain
628:
621:
615:
608:
602:
595:
589:
582:
578:
573:
566:
560:
553:
547:
540:
534:
527:
521:
517:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Evesham Abbey
488:
487:
482:
478:
473:
470:
465:
464:Barbara Yorke
460:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
417:
415:
414:Frank Stenton
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
389:, and to the
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Southumbrians
320:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
254:
252:
251:Saint Guthlac
248:
247:Saint Wilfrid
244:
243:hagiographies
240:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
32:
28:
23:
20:
1822:
1810:overlordship
1806:Recognising
1642:
1501:
1482:
1463:
1441:
1419:
1400:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1362:
1339:
1316:
1305:
1282:
1263:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1186:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1144:
1126:
1097:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
988:
983:
975:
970:
954:
945:
937:
932:
924:
907:
899:
894:
886:
882:
878:
870:
866:
861:
853:
848:
840:
835:
827:
822:
814:
809:
801:
796:
784:. Retrieved
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:the original
744:
736:
731:
703:
687:
682:
666:
658:
653:
648:, pp. 95–98.
645:
640:
635:, pp. 14–15.
632:
627:
619:
614:
606:
601:
593:
588:
580:
572:
564:
559:
551:
546:
538:
533:
525:
520:
484:
475:Coenred was
474:
461:
453:Vita Ecgwini
452:
446:
423:
395:
368:
347:
345:
338:
318:
316:
260:
238:
228:
218:
212:
176:Anglo-Saxons
173:
140:
120:
116:
112:
111:
18:
1799:East Anglia
1371:23 December
1108:R.E. Latham
871:Age of Bede
826:Whitelock,
245:, those of
192:East Anglia
188:Northumbria
45:Predecessor
1829:Categories
1808:West Saxon
1723:Beorhtwulf
1074:References
644:Campbell,
371:East Saxon
364:Wat's Dyke
331:St Guthlac
239:Chronicle'
95:Eormenhild
1776:Æthelstan
1743:Æthelflæd
1693:Beornwulf
1658:Æthelbald
1466:. Seaby.
974:Stenton,
936:Stenton,
898:Stenton,
885:. Felix,
813:Swanton,
524:Hodgkin,
501:, son of
441:there by
410:Brentford
402:Berhtwald
383:Sigeheard
360:Æthelbald
288:Swæfheard
271:Ermenilda
105:Christian
55:Successor
1865:Iclingas
1708:Ecgberht
1683:Cynehelm
1678:Coenwulf
1673:Ecgfrith
1663:Beornred
1653:Ceolwald
1633:Wulfhere
1593:Cynewald
1527:Cenred 2
1440:(1971).
1338:(1966).
1303:(1952).
1151:"), ed.
960:Cenred 2
786:11 March
764:11 March
671:Cenred 2
489:kept at
477:tonsured
469:Osred II
373:rulers.
300:Cædwalla
296:Waldhere
267:Æthelred
263:Wulfhere
225:Charters
152:Æthelred
136:Æthelred
132:Wulfhere
101:Religion
85:Wulfhere
75:Iclingas
49:Æthelred
1748:Ælfwynn
1728:Burgred
1718:Wigstan
1713:Wigmund
1648:Ceolred
1643:Coenred
1149:Guthlac
1143:Felix,
1063:Kirby,
1041:Kirby,
1003:Yorke,
987:Yorke,
923:Kirby,
852:Kirby,
839:Kirby,
800:Kirby,
735:Kirby,
702:Yorke,
686:Yorke,
618:Yorke,
592:Yorke,
554:, p. 82
499:Wigmund
495:Wigstan
457:Ecgwine
427:Ceolred
352:Britons
335:Ceolred
156:Ceolred
154:'s son
144:Wigstan
113:Coenred
70:Dynasty
59:Ceolred
40:704–709
25:Coenred
1781:Eadgar
1703:Wiglaf
1698:Ludeca
1598:Creoda
1588:Cnebba
1508:
1489:
1470:
1448:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1346:
1324:
1289:
1270:
1251:
1228:
1201:844917
1199:
1189:, tr.
1176:
1166:, tr.
1133:
1114:
1094:, tr.
607:Mercia
581:Mercia
563:Bede,
537:Hunt,
445:. The
379:Hwicce
327:Humber
292:Oswine
235:Wessex
196:Wessex
180:Mercia
128:Mercia
121:Cœnred
117:Cenred
91:Mother
81:Father
1628:Oswiu
1623:Peada
1613:Penda
1608:Cearl
1603:Pybba
869:, in
577:Yorke
541:p. 30
513:Notes
356:Saxon
279:Picts
200:Essex
37:Reign
1797:and
1795:Kent
1668:Offa
1618:Eowa
1583:Icel
1506:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1373:2008
1344:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1197:OCLC
1174:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1086:Bede
788:2008
766:2008
439:monk
435:Offa
398:Kent
375:Offa
317:The
302:and
290:and
249:and
215:Bede
148:Bede
1529:at
1218:MGH
962:at
673:at
304:Ine
217:'s
124:fl.
119:or
1831::
1361:.
1216:.
1088:,
996:^
916:^
752:.
711:^
695:^
509:.
404:,
393:.
253:.
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
1514:.
1495:.
1476:.
1454:.
1432:.
1413:.
1394:.
1375:.
1352:.
1330:.
1295:.
1276:.
1257:.
1232:.
1203:.
1182:.
1139:.
1120:.
790:.
768:.
596:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
