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420:, rocks, and slings. There were few casualties, and the war came to a sudden end: when a vehicle carrying Stevens's son burst through a Papua New Guinean roadblock in late August 1980, the soldiers opened fire on the vehicle, killing Stevens's son. On 28 August Jimmy Stevens surrendered, stating that he had never intended that anyone be harmed.
396:
On 8 June 1980, the New
Hebrides government asked Britain and France to send troops to put down a rebellion on the island of Espiritu Santo. France and Britain sent troops but the French refused to allow them to take any effective action against the rebels. As independence day neared, the
427:
to the
Nagriamel movement was revealed. It was also revealed that the French government had secretly supported Stevens in his efforts. Stevens was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment; he remained in prison until 1991.
540:"British Answering New Hebrides Call; Company of Marines Being Sent 'to Provide Stability' French Antiriot Police Arrive Threat to Independence One Killed on 2d Island 55 French Riot Police Land"
718:
539:
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if it would send troops to intervene. As Papua New
Guinean soldiers began arriving in Espiritu Santo, the foreign press began referring to the ongoing events as the "Coconut War".
630:
449:
570:
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929:
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350:
of France and the United
Kingdom. In 1980, France and the United Kingdom agreed that Vanuatu would be granted independence on 30 July 1980.
979:
696:
361:, led an uprising against the colonial officials and the plans for independence. The uprising lasted about 12 weeks. The rebels blockaded
984:
883:
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However, the "war" was brief and unconventional. The residents of
Espiritu Santo generally welcomed the Papua New Guineans as fellow
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719:"New Hebrides Rebel Urges Peace; Willing to Fight British and French One British Officer Injured"
768:
Of
Cargoes, Colonies and Kings: Diplomatic and Administrative Service from Africa to the Pacific
20:
299:
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827:"British Answering New Hebrides Call; Company of Marines Being Sent 'to Provide Stability'",
8:
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661:"Alexander Downer announces moves toward a new foreign policy – Transcript"
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381:, an American business foundation that supported the establishment of a
385:
358:
143:
848:"40 Are Seized on Espiritu Santu in a Drive Against Secessionists",
862:"Leader of Espiritu Santo Rebels Says That He'll Surrender Today",
485:. The New York Times via Reuters. 14 September 1982. Archived from
834:"British-French Control Ends in New Hebrides, Now Named Vanuatu",
781:"A Memory of the Coconut War: Rebel Leader Jimmy Stevens Freed",
195:
177:
107:
74:
47:
342:
Prior to
Vanuatu's independence, the islands were known as the
305:
289:
159:
813:"New Hebrides Asks for Aid in Revolt; Plea Might Go to U.N.",
890:
Franky
Stevens's interview about Vanuatu independence history
601:"New Hebrides Asks for Aid in Revolt; Plea Might Go to U.N."
365:, destroyed two bridges, and declared the independence of
631:"Vanuatu, New Pacific Nation, Moving Toward Seat at U.N."
85:
Vanuatuan, Papua New
Guinean and Solomon Islander victory
869:"Troops Reportedly Crush Rebellion on Espiritu Santo",
841:"Rebels Blow Up 2 Bridges on Island of Espiritu Santo",
23:, the 2001 documentary about the Bougainville Civil War.
797:"New Hebrides Calling for Help to Put Down Rebellion",
855:"55 French Are Evacuated From Espiritu Santo Island",
450:"Walter Lini, 57, Clergyman Who Led Nation of Vanuatu"
628:
571:"U.S. Land Developer Aids New Hebrides Dissidents"
447:
791:
330:shortly before and after the independence of the
950:Wars involving the states and peoples of Oceania
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753:The Coconut War: The Crisis on Espiritu Santo
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501:
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438:
416:. Stevens's followers were armed with only
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568:
806:"Separatists Threaten Hebrides Unity",
448:Michael T. Kaufman (23 February 1999).
423:At Stevens's trial, the support of the
277:
897:
346:. The New Hebrides were governed by a
509:"Pacific Islands in Election Battle"
980:Controversies within libertarianism
629:Bernard D. Nossiter (9 July 1981).
569:Treaster, Joseph B. (7 June 1980).
13:
985:Wars involving the Solomon Islands
940:Papua New Guinea–Vanuatu relations
820:"Unrest Spreads in New Hebrides",
14:
996:
945:Solomon Islands–Vanuatu relations
930:France–Papua New Guinea relations
877:
515:. 1 November 1983. Archived from
363:Santo-Pekoa International Airport
935:France–Solomon Islands relations
538:William Borders (12 June 1980).
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955:Wars involving Papua New Guinea
695:. 7 August 2020. Archived from
886:, Vanuatu Tourism Office, 2009
884:Vanuatu: History: Independence
792:Contemporary newspaper reports
679:
659:Graeme Dobell (26 June 2003).
334:was declared on 30 July 1980.
1:
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725:. 9 June 1980. Archived from
606:. 8 June 1980. Archived from
337:
483:"South Pacific Rebel Seized"
373:". Stevens was supported by
7:
866:, 29 August 1980, p. 3
10:
1001:
838:, 30 July 1980, p. 11
322:was a brief clash between
18:
975:Libertarianism in Oceania
873:, 1 September 1980, p. A5
817:, 8 June 1980, p. 12
803:, 31 May 1980, p. 11
755:(Cassel: North Ryde, NSW
169:
93:
53:
35:
30:
16:1980 rebellion in Vanuatu
925:France–Vanuatu relations
910:1980 in Papua New Guinea
431:
353:Beginning in June 1980,
19:Not to be confused with
859:, 18 August 1980, p. A5
766:Andrew Stewart (2001).
751:Richard Shears (1980).
326:soldiers and rebels in
960:Wars involving Vanuatu
852:, 4 August 1980, p. B8
845:, 4 August 1980, p. A5
770:(I. B. Tauris: London
687:"Rebel Radio on Santo"
377:landowners and by the
170:Commanders and leaders
21:The Coconut Revolution
965:Rebellions in Oceania
831:, 12 June 1980, p. A5
824:, 11 June 1980, p. A8
388:in the New Hebrides.
810:, 8 June 1980, p. E2
663:. PM. Archived from
399:Prime Minister-elect
332:Republic of Vanuatu
300:François Mitterrand
259:Sir Peter Kenilorea
190:Ati George Sokomanu
871:The New York Times
864:The New York Times
857:The New York Times
850:The New York Times
843:The New York Times
836:The New York Times
829:The New York Times
822:The New York Times
815:The New York Times
808:The New York Times
800:The New York Times
778:) pp. 214–224
729:on 18 January 2023
723:The New York Times
699:on 18 January 2023
692:Vanuatu Daily Post
667:on 18 January 2023
640:on 18 January 2023
634:The New York Times
610:on 18 January 2023
604:The New York Times
581:on 18 January 2023
575:The New York Times
550:on 18 January 2023
544:The New York Times
519:on 18 January 2023
513:The New York Times
460:on 18 January 2023
454:The New York Times
425:Phoenix Foundation
379:Phoenix Foundation
359:Nagriamel movement
164:Phoenix Foundation
920:Conflicts in 1980
371:State of Vemerana
324:Papua New Guinean
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733:18 September
731:. Retrieved
727:the original
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701:. Retrieved
697:the original
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671:17 September
669:. Retrieved
665:the original
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644:18 September
642:. Retrieved
638:the original
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614:18 September
612:. Retrieved
608:the original
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552:. Retrieved
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523:18 September
521:. Retrieved
517:the original
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491:. Retrieved
487:the original
464:18 September
462:. Retrieved
458:the original
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344:New Hebrides
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319:
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283:
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94:Belligerents
25:
414:Melanesians
403:Walter Lini
383:libertarian
348:condominium
320:Coconut War
201:Walter Lini
61:August 1980
31:Coconut War
899:Categories
746:References
703:23 October
338:Background
386:tax haven
405:, asked
284:Support:
148:Support:
66:Location
275: (
108:Vanuatu
75:Vanuatu
48:Vanuatu
46:inside
42:Map of
774:
759:
160:France
157:
129:
117:
105:
82:Result
432:Notes
772:ISBN
757:ISBN
735:2009
705:2020
673:2009
646:2009
616:2009
587:2009
556:2009
525:2009
495:2009
466:2009
318:The
58:Date
278:POW
901::
721:.
689:.
573:.
542:.
511:.
474:^
452:.
440:^
401:,
763:)
737:.
707:.
675:.
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589:.
558:.
527:.
497:.
468:.
281:)
73:,
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