Coastal fish - Knowledge

522:, a small stout fish which grows about 29 cm (11 in) long, is another temporary resident of rocky pools. They have large black eyes, a large mouth, and four long spines—two on each side on the gill cover—that stick out when the fish is removed from the water. They also have an organ like a finger on each side of their mouths which helps them catch prey. Because of their broad heads, they are also called "bullheads". They have a variety of effective camouflaged colours ranging from shades of browns with cream blotches, to orange and red with white blotches. They can also change their body colour to match their surroundings. They are found around the coasts of Northern Europe in shallow rocky waters hiding amongst seaweed. They are also found in rock pools and sometimes in waters 30 m (98 ft)deep. Long-spined sea scorpions lay eggs amongst seaweed or attached to rock crevices. The young hatch after two or three weeks, and go through several development stages before maturing into adults. 444:, also known as the shanny, is found in northern temperate waters. They hide under rocks and in crannies in rock pools when the tide is out. They feed on green seaweed and invertebrates such as barnacles. They can crawl on dry land, using their paired fins. About 16 cm (6.3 in) long, they have smooth skin, without scales, and are covered with soft slime. The slime prevents them drying if they are stranded on a shore between tides. So long as their skin stays moist, they can breathe out of water. They are sometimes called "sea frogs" because they bask in the sun on weeds outside the water, and like frogs, jump to safety when disturbed. They can change their colour to match their surroundings. The female lays eggs in crevices or under stones and the male guards them until they hatch. In the winter, when storms can be severe, they move out of their rock pools into the shallows. The common blenny is bold with strong teeth, and will bite humans if it feels threatened. 3796: 2416: 761: 2126: 2166: 2086: 4492: 1725: 2142: 298: 1771: 5930: 218: 2365: 1593: 1737: 1134: 489: 326: 2381: 1753: 2402: 503: 1352: 124: 1146: 529:

cling to surfaces. They are normally a blue to slate-grey colour, and are effectively camouflaged to look like stones. They are portly, nearly spherical, poor swimmers, reaching lengths up to 50 cm (20 in). After the female lumpsucker lays eggs, the male takes over, clamping itself to a rock where it guards the eggs. When they hatch, lumpsuckers look like tiny tadpoles. They remain in shallow water and rock pools, hiding amongst seaweed and rocks, until they grow up.

4653: 1706: 2218: 819: 460: 539: 5645: 5627: 4518: 4506: 2531: 1935: 662:, giving them time to form social groups and to adjust to the changes in salinity. Salmon are anadromous, meaning they live in the sea but ascend rivers to spawn; eels are catadromous, living in rivers and streams, but returning to the sea to breed. Besides the species that migrate through estuaries, there are many other fish that use them as "nursery grounds" for spawning or as places young fish can feed and grow before moving elsewhere. For example, 1161: 1548: 475: 1612: 6184: 897: 939: 25: 1225: 1791: 2517: 742:. Coral reef fish can be particularly colourful and interesting to watch. Hundreds of species can exist in a small area of a healthy reef, many of them hidden or well camouflaged. Reef fish have developed many ingenious specialisations adapted to survival on the reefs. Coral reefs occupy less than one per cent of the surface area of the world oceans, yet they provide a home for 25 per cent of all marine fish species. 1122: 5657: 1676:(grunts are named for the sound they make grinding their teeth). They are bottom feeding pelagic fishes, with small mouths equipped with strong teeth adapted for handling small fishes and invertebrates with hard shells. Most do not exceed a size of about 30 cm (12 in), but some may grow to four times that length. They often school, and will migrate between reefs. Larger fish enter estuaries and harbours. 4124: 1565: 1213: 1360: 1339: 3439: 706: 1579: 923:

In general, the coral is used as shelter, and many species can only survive in its presence. The bottom-dwelling species are territorial, occupying and defending a portion of the reef, often centred around an area of shelter. By keeping away other species of fish, some pomacentrids encourage the growth of thick mats of algae within their territories, leading to the common name

1321: 2050:. They have a widespread distribution and are typically found near the seabed in depths from 5 meters (16 feet). The John Dory grows to a maximum length of 65 cm (2.13 ft). Although it is a benthopelagic fish, its body is flat and it can hardly be seen from the front because it is so thin. It is a poor swimmer with long spines on the dorsal fin. It has a large dark 1271: 1063:, found on muddy and sandy sea floors. In many species both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through and around the head during development. Some species face their "left" side upward, some face their "right" side upward, and others face either side upward. Some flatfish can camouflage themselves on the ocean floor. 815:. All anthias are born female; if a dominant male perishes, the largest female of the group will often change into a male to take its place. This may lead to squabbling between the next largest male and the transforming female, whose hormones are now surging with testosterone. This can turn quite vicious in the limited confines of captivity. 987:

are staples. Many species of goatfish are conspicuously coloured and have the ability to change their colouration depending on their current activity. By day, many form large inactive (non-feeding) schools: these aggregates may contain both conspecifics and heterospecifics. For example, the yellowfin

451:

is a small fish, about 12 cm (4.7 in), found in northern temperate waters. It is coloured black with white blotches, and hides under stones and amongst seaweed. It is a temporary resident of rock pools when the tide is out. The female rock goby lays eggs on the underside of rocks and shells

2054:

on the side of its body which is used to confuse prey, which are scooped up in its big mouth. Large eyes at the front of the head provide it with bifocal vision and depth perception, which are important for predators. The John Dory usually gets its food by stalking it then shooting out a tube in its

922:

environments. Most live in shallow water, from 2 to 15 meters (6.6 to 49.2 ft), although some species are found below 100 m (330 ft). Most species are specialists, living in specific parts of the reef, such as sandy lagoons, steep reef slopes, or areas exposed to strong wave action.

603:

can form along the way. Estuaries are subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The inflow of both seawater and freshwater provide high levels of nutrients in both the water column and

2260:

with eyes on top of their heads (thus the name). Stargazers also have a large upward-facing mouth in a large head. They bury themselves in sand with only their eyes showing, and leap upwards to ambush fish and invertebrates overhead. Some species have a worm-shaped lure growing out of the floor of

807:

in large numbers, operating more intimate "harems" within the schools. These harems contain a dominant and colourful male, between 2 and 12 females — who operate a hierarchy among themselves — and one or two "subdominant" males, often less brightly coloured and non-territorial. Within the swarm of

1069:

are a large family of mainly small fish, usually less than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long. Most wrasse are loners that prefer habitats such as coral reefs and rocky shores. They live close to the substrate, eating small invertebrates and almost anything else that lurks on the bottom. Many are

528:

are found in temperate northern waters. They live on the seafloor, and are temporary residents of rocky pools in late winter and early spring when they spawn. The body of the lumpsucker is scaleless and covered with small lumps. They have a large sucking disc on their underside which they use to

2189:, mostly feeding on crustaceans, such as crabs and shrimp, and on smaller fish. Most species live on the sea bottom in relatively shallow waters, although species are known from mid and deep water, from the mid-water, and even from fresh water. They typically have spiny heads, and rounded 2415: 2085: 996:

changes from a lemon-yellow to a pale cream when feeding. Other nocturnal feeders will shadow the active goatfish, waiting patiently for overlooked morsels. Goatfish stay within the shallows, going no deeper than about 110 metres. Most species do not tolerate

242:

that surround volcanic islands. The total world shoreline extends for 356,000 km (221,000 mi) and the continental shelves occupy a total area of 24.3 million km (9 376 million sq mi). This is nearly 5% of the world's total area of 510 million km.

3053:

Pollnac, R.B. 1998 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Discovery Bay. p. 141-199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM

869:

that may be rounded or truncated, but are never forked. Generally diurnal and frequenting waters of less than 18 metres (59 ft) (though some species descend to 180 metres (590 ft)), butterflyfish stick to particular home ranges. The

853:, grow to 30 centimetres (12 in). Many species are brightly coloured and strikingly patterned, though other species are dull in colour. Many have eyespots on their flanks and dark bands across their eyes, not unlike the patterns seen on 1051:

Examples of such shallow water demersal fish, found in both tropical and temperate waters around the world, are triplefins, seahorses, wrasse and flounder. As demersal fish, all these fish spend most of their time on or near the sea floor.

2485:. Typical lengths are 80–120 centimetres. They inhabit depths from reefs near the surface down to over 400 metres. They feed on just about any moving animal they encounter. Groper are important inshore commercial fish, usually caught with 2040:. Cod-like fishes are often found in large schools over sandy or muddy bottoms. They have a barbel (fleshy filament) on their lower jaw which they use to detect prey buried in the sand or mud. Some migrate to warm water in winter to spawn. 753:. Seagrass and mangroves supply dead plants and animals which are rich in nitrogen and also serve to feed fish and animals from the reef by supplying wood and vegetation. Reefs in turn protect mangroves and seagrass from waves and produce 685:, perch-like fish that "spit" at insects and other small animals living in the trees, knocking them into the water where they can be eaten. Like estuaries, mangrove swamps are important breeding grounds for many fish, with species such as 377:. Living in these habitats are communities of hardy plant and animal species specially adapted for coping with the volatile environment around them. The plants and animals interact with each other and with the rock pool to form miniature 2165: 2503:

is at depths between 40 and 600 m (130 and 1,970 ft). They are largely a solitary fish, though juveniles school below floating objects. Their diet includes large ocean cephalopods, crustaceans, and other bottom-dwelling

2077:

are benthic flatfish, resembling flounder and sole, but found in deeper offshore waters on the continental shelf. They are brownish-green, with dark blotches on the turbot and mottling on the brill. They are fished by coastal

2184:

belong to a group of about 30 species in the order Scorpaeniformes. Mail-cheeked fishes are named after a plate of bone that runs across each cheek. They are widespread in all the oceans of the world. Mail-cheeked fishes are

1821:. They are ocean fish which regularly stray into coastal waters around the world. Fish of this family are long, slender, and generally steely blue or silver in colour, giving rise to their name. They have reduced or absent 1070:

brightly coloured. They have thick lips and use their sharp teeth to pick small creatures off the rocks. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing.

2125: 2141: 676:

are associated brackish water habitats. Many, though not all, mangrove swamps fringe estuaries and lagoons where the salinity changes with each tide. Among the most specialised residents of mangrove forests are

1173:

Examples of shallow water pelagic fish, found in both tropical and temperate waters around the world, are grey mullet, sprats and garfish. As pelagic fish, all these fish spend most of their time living in the

992:. When they do that, the yellowfins changes its colouration to match that of the snapper. By night the schools disperse and individual goatfish head their separate ways to loot the sands. The diurnal 2313:

fishes. They are found in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world, usually feeding on fish, crustaceans and small squid near rough sea floors on continental shelf and slope. Examples are

619:(tolerant to a range of salinities). Estuaries provide an unstable environment for fish, where the salinity changes and the waters are often muddy and turbulent. In warmer climates, estuaries have 861:

narrow bodies are easily noticed through the profusion of reef life. The conspicuous colouration of butterflyfish may be intended for interspecies communication. Butterflyfish have uninterrupted

2357:, which provides them with protection from predators and opportunities to scavenge the remains of the jellyfish's meals. The young of other species associate with large masses of floating kelp. 1088:(hence the name). They are small fish, usually less than six cm long. Brightly coloured, often for reasons of camouflage, they are nervous and retreat to rock crevices at any perceived threat. 3245: 1913:

into estuaries and enclosed waters, where they will also hunt for crustaceans. Amberjacks are fast swimming and aggressive predators that often hunt in schools around offshore reefs. The

1197:

is a long, slender fish, looking like a spear, which feeds on seagrass fragments, shrimps and crab larvae. In turn it is preyed on by larger fish and, since it is often near the surface,

1954:. This section discusses the coastal demersal fish that live on the continental shelf, but are living further from the coast and in deeper water than the nearshore fish discussed above. 3955: 878:

feeders form large conspecific groups. By night butterflyfish hide in reef crevices and exhibit markedly different colouration. Their colouration also makes butterflyfish popular

1114:. They are camouflaged with murky patterns that blend into kelp and sea grass backgrounds. During social moments or in unusual surroundings, seahorses can turn on bright colours. 918:. Most Pomacentrids are associated with coral reefs in the Indo-West Pacific, with a few species occurring in temperate waters. Some species are native to freshwater or brackish 6520: 4447: 1018: 1462:

strategies to avoid predators, and different schools of forage fish often associate with each other in open coastal waters. Forage fish feed near the base of the food chain on

1881:, grows up to 1.7 m in length; most fish in the family reach a maximum length of 25–100 cm. The family contains many important commercial and game fish, notably the 1533:). All of these currents support major fisheries. Many forage fish are important commercial species, and the schools can be targeted by spotter planes. The fish are caught by 971:("whiskers") protruding from their chins resembling a goat's beard. They use these to rifle through the sediments in search of a meal. Like goats, they seek anything edible; 1592: 2499:

are a family Polyprionidae of perciform fishes, found on the floor of the continental shelf and slope where they inhabit caves and shipwrecks (thus their common name). The

6173: 1028:

Other nearshore or shallow water fish live near the shore in depths of less than 10 metres. They occupy the areas over sandy or rocky bottoms, and can be associated with

1736: 1098:

of fish. They prefer sheltered harbours, estuaries and other shallow coastal waters, where they hunt tiny crustaceans. They bob around in sheltered areas such as

5914: 3950: 1395:, so they are mainly located in sunlit surface waters. Phytoplankton also need and rapidly use nutrients in the water column. The phytoplankton are eaten by 2424:

inhabit caves and wrecks. They are good game fish, reaching a maximum reported length of 210 cm (6.9 ft) and weight of 100 kg (220 lb).

209:

and shoreline run off of nutrients. Some are partial residents that spawn in streams, estuaries and bays, but most complete their life cycles in the zone.

1668:

sometimes called sea breams, are any of about 100 species belonging to the family Sparidae. Porgies usually have high backs and a single dorsal fin, like

927:. Different species display a wide range of colours, although some are relatively drab. Pomacentrids are omnivorous or herbivorous, feeding off algae, 845:. They are widespread on coral reefs. Butterflyfish are mostly between 12 and 22 centimetres (4.7 and 8.7 in) in length. The largest species, the 452:

and then leaves them. The male guards the eggs until they hatch. First-year rock gobies often visit rock pools in winter when the older fish have left.

5695: 2699: 2948: 6530: 6156: 3980: 1682:

have long slender bodies typically about 50 cm (20 in) long. They have a wicked set of teeth and are ferocious predators. They feed on

3340: 3428: 6203: 3433: 2649: 808:

females, territorial males perform acrobatic U-swim displays and vigorously defend an area of the reef and its associated harem. Anthias are

3472: 1977:, and can therefore be gutted as soon as they are caught, on board the ship. White fish has dry and white flesh. They can be divided into 6306: 6151: 5357: 4554: 3820: 2767:

McLusky, D.S. and Elliott, M. (2004) "The Estuarine Ecosystem: ecology, threats and management." New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

3565: 428:. However some other rock pool fish are territorial in nature, and will stay with the same pool for extended periods. Examples are the 3295: 3267: 5099: 3795: 3357: 623:

around their edges. At times there may be only a few different fish species present in an estuary, but seasonal migrants, including

6278: 2673: 2380: 6439: 3970: 3755: 3421: 3146: 1724: 2364: 502: 2723: 3383: 3367: 3333: 3202: 2908: 2883: 2236:

are about 50 species of fishes, belonging to the family Uranoscopidae, and found worldwide in shallow waters. Stargazers are

1655:

that eat plankton (see section above). Some species also feed on crabs and other invertebrates, foraged from the sea floor.

6161: 5688: 3985: 89: 3174: 6336: 6213: 4926: 4083: 3945: 2197:. Most species are less than 30 centimetres (12 in) in length, but the full size range of the order varies from the 61: 2276:

with their electric organ removed. They have been called "the meanest things in creation" and the "worst pet on earth".

2272:. Stargazers are a delicacy in some cultures. The venom is destroyed when it is cooked, and stargazers are sold in some 3389: 3373: 1752: 783:

and make up the subfamily Anthiinae. They are widespread in tropical waters. They have been called the "quintessential

1778:

is a large coastal shark that inhabits coastal waters worldwide. Its numbers are declining, and it is now listed as a

1145: 6535: 6268: 6263: 4956: 3975: 3403: 3350: 3126: 3027: 2834: 2772: 108: 413:

and fish are just temporary residents, occupying a rock pool only until the next tide takes them to a new location.

68: 5744: 3610: 3465: 2175:

fish found to depths of around 180 metres. They often grunt when captured as air is expelled from its air bladder.

6465: 6321: 5681: 4610: 4547: 3323: 1260: 5799: 4437: 1705: 874:

are especially territorial, forming mated pairs and staking claim to a specific coral head. Contrastingly, the

760: 46: 1635:

Predatory pelagic fishes found on continental shelves worldwide in both tropical and temperate waters include

75: 6434: 6424: 6331: 5829: 2135:

is so thin it can hardly be seen from the front. The large eyespot on the side of its body confuses its prey.

1698:. Barracouta often hunt in schools near the bottom or midwater, and sometimes even near the surface at night. 488: 42: 1084:

and rocks, usually in shallow, clear sunlit waters such as lagoons and seaward reefs. Triplefins have three

6505: 6414: 5909: 5864: 5661: 4695: 4457: 4442: 858: 5919: 4595: 4452: 3458: 2854: 2696: 1873:

and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates (some can also filter feed, such as the

57: 745:

Coral reefs often depend on other habitats in the surrounding area for the supply of nutrients, such as

6460: 6349: 5347: 5074: 5044: 4931: 4540: 3760: 2975: 1958: 6614: 6609: 6586: 6495: 6326: 6301: 5620: 5613: 5580: 5322: 4994: 4675: 4068: 3962: 2229:

which can deliver both venom and electric shocks. It has been called "the meanest thing in creation".

1152: 279:, or rocky or sandy bottoms, usually in shallow waters less than about 10 m (33 ft) deep. 6500: 6233: 6208: 5879: 5854: 5630: 5389: 4521: 4314: 4309: 3605: 2458: 2211:

are mail-cheeked fish. They use their large pectoral fins to rest on the bottom and to detect food.

837:

are group of about 120 species belonging to the family Chaetodontidaeof Perchiformes. They include

519: 494: 417: 3088: 2646: 2401: 952:

are a family Mullidae of about 55 species of perciform fishes, associated worldwide with tropical

154:. Since the continental shelf is usually less than 200 metres (660 ft) deep, it follows that 6591: 6253: 6146: 5824: 5779: 5764: 5608: 5590: 5152: 4901: 4652: 4222: 4033: 3927: 3655: 3645: 1896: 1133: 297: 35: 6515: 6375: 6048: 5570: 5394: 5379: 5202: 4921: 4810: 4048: 4038: 3740: 3725: 2585: 1770: 1620: 1553: 1459: 1252: 1186:

are medium size fish, typically about 50 cm (20 in) long. They are often caught with

804: 381:, easily accessible to students and a source of fascination for young children. Plants such as 5929: 3000: 2953:(Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific" 1547: 716:

in clear, low nutrient waters, along tropical continental coasts and around volcanic islands.

459: 6399: 6273: 5899: 5794: 5600: 5585: 5094: 4911: 4467: 4394: 4329: 4194: 4169: 4144: 4028: 3775: 3555: 1946:(fleshy filament) on their lower jaw which they use to detect prey buried in the sand or mud. 1882: 1869:. Found in most coastal waters, they are fast predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above 957: 823: 600: 562:, river mouths and estuary waters can be turbid and nutrient rich, sometimes to the point of 217: 1160: 6643: 6258: 6238: 6198: 6168: 6115: 5595: 4891: 4202: 4164: 3495: 2296: 2208: 2095:

is found further north than any other fish species. It frequents river mouths and feeds on

1914: 1743: 1669: 850: 644: 159: 2634: 82: 8: 6419: 6409: 6342: 6311: 6296: 6123: 6119: 6083: 5839: 5809: 5384: 5327: 5127: 5014: 4803: 4424: 4078: 3887: 3845: 3615: 3575: 3038: 2326: 1630: 1598:

Underwater video loop of a school of herrings migrating to their spawning grounds in the

1564: 993: 846: 713: 866: 6604: 6380: 6223: 6003: 4966: 4344: 4339: 4207: 4149: 4043: 3892: 3810: 3695: 3675: 3585: 3528: 3249: 2522: 2500: 2466: 2421: 2388: 2330: 2322: 2318: 1978: 1856: 1779: 1759: 1502: 1248: 599:

habitats form a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments, and

341: 202: 1485:

Worldwide, there are five major coastal currents associated with upwelling areas: the

474: 6485: 6470: 5953: 5874: 5804: 5749: 5734: 5718: 5312: 5217: 5122: 5034: 5029: 4976: 4783: 4590: 4580: 4354: 4232: 4179: 4098: 3765: 3730: 3670: 3630: 3600: 3570: 3481: 3399: 3379: 3363: 3346: 3329: 3122: 3023: 2904: 2879: 2830: 2768: 2482: 2334: 2051: 827: 670:

are two commercially important species that use the Thames Estuary for this purpose.

402: 231: 151: 16:

Fish that inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf

3065: 1651:. They tend to be larger fish, and are carnivorous, feeding on the smaller, silvery 1578: 6566: 6370: 6365: 6073: 5993: 5789: 5774: 5769: 5054: 4999: 4961: 4916: 4874: 4798: 4585: 4462: 4154: 4058: 4010: 3922: 3815: 3513: 3083: 2967: 2490: 2292: 2233: 2222: 1943: 1775: 1616: 1584: 1514: 1494: 1490: 1372: 1166: 1077: 989: 968: 943: 924: 429: 6571: 6429: 6218: 6008: 5963: 5948: 5849: 5271: 5251: 5079: 5066: 5049: 5004: 4886: 4825: 4749: 4744: 4680: 4667: 4637: 4432: 4399: 4260: 4212: 4088: 4063: 3872: 3825: 3750: 3595: 3580: 2703: 2653: 2560: 2545: 2407: 2338: 2266: 2257: 2226: 2181: 2172: 1498: 1392: 1224: 1107: 1029: 886: 796: 750: 746: 725: 717: 373:

of rocky shores can contain indentations which trap pools of salty water, called

370: 355: 314: 276: 256: 163: 3103: 2261:

the mouth, which they wiggle to attract prey's attention. Lengths range from 18

2012:-like fishes are a number of round benthopelagic species belonging to the order 6561: 6490: 6404: 6053: 6033: 6013: 5988: 5938: 5869: 5859: 5819: 5759: 5722: 5547: 5520: 5412: 5404: 5337: 5307: 5246: 5228: 5182: 5172: 4776: 4729: 4296: 4250: 4245: 4217: 4184: 4053: 3912: 3840: 3830: 3680: 3625: 3543: 3538: 3533: 2474: 2462: 2346: 2342: 2253: 2237: 2108: 2037: 1878: 1874: 1848: 1794: 1712: 1570: 1526: 1486: 1404: 1388: 1343: 1212: 1183: 1121: 673: 651: 596: 579: 563: 405:

can be permanent residents of rock pools. But most rock pool animals, such as

325: 6110: 2971: 2928:, a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from eastern Papua New Guinea". 1044:. Demersal fish live on or near the sea floor, while pelagic fish live in the 6637: 6581: 6576: 6480: 6243: 6141: 6111: 5998: 5983: 5968: 5844: 5649: 5552: 5466: 5286: 5261: 5256: 5212: 5207: 5162: 5157: 5137: 5009: 4788: 4707: 4510: 4404: 4369: 4270: 4265: 4240: 3770: 3735: 3710: 3560: 3523: 3291: 3263: 3226: 3198: 3170: 3142: 3074: 3020:

Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans

2850: 2719: 2669: 2550: 2536: 2478: 2470: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2350: 2155:

usually found not too far from shore in sandy shallow waters. It is a prized

1974: 1951: 1929: 1806: 1783: 1530: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1400: 1380: 1351: 1325: 1284: 1037: 915: 834: 812: 547: 198: 123: 3416: 2005:

the sea bed. Benthic fish tend to be "flat", so they can lie on the bottom.

1909:

within the family Carangidae. Mainly open water fish, they can follow small

1410:

Most filter-feeding pelagic fish found in coastal waters are small, silvery

6063: 5978: 5904: 5814: 5784: 5542: 5366: 5281: 5142: 5084: 5024: 4951: 4946: 4936: 4852: 4842: 4771: 4754: 4661: 4622: 4615: 4496: 4275: 4159: 3897: 3780: 3700: 3660: 3650: 3620: 2580: 2565: 2314: 2249: 2190: 2074: 2017: 1990: 1892: 1818: 1802: 1673: 1534: 1384: 1175: 1045: 1041: 984: 965: 739: 155: 2283:

are a family, Pinguipedidae, containing 63 species of fishes in the order

795:

photography. Anthias are mostly small, peaceful, beautiful and popular as

6316: 6228: 6078: 6058: 6043: 6028: 6023: 5973: 5754: 5673: 5525: 5513: 5439: 5197: 5192: 5167: 5147: 5089: 4984: 4879: 4857: 4847: 4820: 4690: 4642: 4409: 4384: 4379: 4349: 4132: 4108: 4073: 3882: 3785: 3705: 3665: 3518: 2555: 2450: 2393: 2306: 2284: 2273: 2217: 2112: 2064: 2021: 1910: 1814: 1763: 1716: 1687: 1683: 1652: 1648: 1411: 1396: 1297: 1081: 1033: 1021: 907: 890: 875: 818: 809: 800: 730:

In tropical waters, coral reef fish live amongst or in close relation to

709: 682: 678: 632: 612: 559: 433: 386: 272: 194: 2825:

Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).

2201:, which can be just 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long as adults, to the 1950:

Fish that live on or in close association with the sea floor are called

538: 6540: 6248: 6038: 6018: 5575: 5374: 5342: 5276: 5266: 5187: 5177: 4862: 4830: 4815: 4761: 4734: 4717: 4389: 4324: 4113: 4093: 3877: 3850: 3635: 3548: 2438: 2371: 2262: 2198: 2194: 2060: 2013: 1934: 1865: 1852: 1836: 1826: 1822: 1599: 1538: 1506: 1368: 1099: 1085: 1060: 932: 911: 862: 838: 792: 780: 765: 731: 686: 616: 551: 525: 509: 425: 345: 268: 239: 190: 178: 6183: 4505: 3445: 2530: 2291:

carnivores, feeding on small fish and invertebrates. Examples are the

1611: 650:

River estuaries form important staging points during the migration of

595:

flowing into them, and with a free connection to the open sea. These

177:

Coastal fish are the most abundant in the world. They can be found in

6510: 6475: 6088: 6068: 5332: 5317: 5302: 5132: 4793: 4739: 4724: 4702: 4685: 4632: 4414: 4319: 4103: 3867: 3860: 3835: 3745: 3450: 2496: 2354: 2310: 2280: 2186: 2156: 2132: 2092: 2043: 2025: 1962: 1939: 1902: 1887: 1840: 1679: 1644: 1640: 1556: 1447: 1415: 1198: 1187: 1111: 1073: 976: 938: 903: 896: 854: 842: 784: 735: 608: 584: 480: 448: 421: 378: 374: 363: 260: 235: 206: 186: 147: 128: 1809:

in most of their habitats, hunting both individually and in schools.

1746:, pound for pound, is one of the hardest fighting fish in the ocean. 24: 6360: 5894: 5884: 5834: 5535: 5476: 5422: 5417: 5236: 5104: 4766: 4712: 4627: 4364: 4174: 3720: 3715: 3640: 3304: 3276: 3211: 3183: 3155: 2859: 2732: 2682: 2570: 2486: 2300: 2152: 2096: 1994: 1966: 1860: 1798: 1790: 1695: 1659: 1463: 1455: 1439: 1431: 1376: 1359: 1103: 1091: 1056: 998: 949: 928: 879: 754: 690: 628: 620: 575: 555: 390: 201:

that feed on them. Forage fish thrive in inshore waters where high

6556: 6525: 6455: 6355: 5889: 5704: 5508: 5503: 5481: 5454: 5449: 5444: 4989: 4941: 4835: 4605: 4600: 4374: 4334: 4304: 4282: 3902: 3690: 3590: 2430: 2288: 2245: 2202: 2116: 2104: 2055:

mouth to capture its prey. It eats forage fish, and occasionally

2033: 2029: 1844: 1691: 1665: 1636: 1623: 1475: 1451: 1427: 1419: 1230: 1194: 1002: 980: 961: 919: 776: 769: 663: 636: 571: 543: 394: 382: 4123: 3493: 942:

The yellowfin goatfish changes its colour so it can school with

5427: 4359: 3685: 2946: 2590: 2575: 2241: 2148: 2070: 1998: 1510: 1202: 1066: 694: 667: 655: 592: 466: 441: 410: 398: 264: 1899:. Jack mackerels are an important inshore commercial species. 1338: 1017: 416:

Some rock pool fish which are temporary residents include the

174:, which inhabit the deep seas beyond the continental shelves. 5530: 5459: 4869: 2434: 2100: 2056: 1970: 1522: 1443: 1435: 1095: 1006: 883: 871: 640: 588: 587:

are partly enclosed coastal bodies of water with one or more

359: 309: 225: The global continental shelf, highlighted in light blue 182: 3375:

Coastal Waters of the World: Trends, Threats, and Strategies

1537:—fishing boats that use nets to enclose the fish—and can be 1375:. In the ocean these primary producers are mainly a type of 193:

and on or above the continental shelf. Coastal fish include

5432: 5019: 4572: 4563: 3855: 3391:

Ecology of coastal waters: with implications for management

2441:, in the order Perciformes. Species of grouper include the 2205:, which can reach 150 centimetres (4.9 ft) in length. 1870: 1518: 1423: 1320: 972: 953: 788: 705: 406: 351: 305: 5471: 5039: 3917: 3907: 2009: 1986: 1830: 659: 624: 5717: 2067:, and other large bony fish. They are normally solitary. 1817:

are a group of about 40 species belonging to the family

1474:. In turn, they are preyed on by larger predatory fish, 1270: 893:, which can result in problems for the hobby aquarists. 604:

sediment, making estuaries productive natural habitats.

255:, live close to the shore. They are associated with the 4532: 2923: 2824: 956:. They are typically about 20 cm long, though the 350:

Intertidal fish are fish that move in and out with the

914:

are among about 360 species classified in the family

3429:

Marine Biology 2: Water layering and water movements

3246:

Venom Runs Thick in Fish Families, Researchers Learn

3063: 2637:

The World Factbook, CIA. Retrieved 26 February 2010.

2512: 1399:, which in turn are eaten by predatory zooplankton. 1905:are a group of nine species belonging to the genus 1407:eat the filter feeders (see diagram at the right). 1024:

can provide shelter and food for shallow water fish

787:", and make up a sizeable portion of the colourful 332:

Intertidal zones can be a volatile habitat for fish

49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2063:. In turn, they are preyed on by sharks, like the 830:on its sides, which can confuse prey and predators 3342:Coastal Fish Identification: California to Alaska 2947:Pyle, R.L.; J.L. Earle & B.D. Greene (2008). 1917:can reach 1.8 m in length and weigh 60 kilograms. 189:, near sandy shores and rocky coastlines, around 6635: 6531:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation 6157:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 3322:Elliott, Michael and Hemingway, Krystal (2002) 772:. They are hermaphrodite, and swim in "harems". 230:Coastal fish are found in the waters above the 2303:. They are often caught in pots like crayfish. 5689: 4548: 3756:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems 3466: 3119:The world encyclopedia of Fish and Shellfishs 3089:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T3854A10132481.en 2917: 2437:in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family 2309:are a family Centrolophidae of 31 species of 960:, grows to 55 cm. Goatfish are tireless 2993: 2898: 1833:-like appearance, and large fang-like teeth. 6307:List of commercially important fish species 6152:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing 3821:Freshwater environmental quality parameters 3227:"Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor" 3057: 2873: 2353:. The young of some species associate with 1414:. Forage fish include fishes of the family 757:for the mangroves and seagrass to root in. 5703: 5696: 5682: 4555: 4541: 3473: 3459: 2949:"Five new species of the damselfish genus 2940: 2630: 2628: 2618: 2616: 1885:and the other jack mackerels in the genus 5100:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water 3087: 2878:. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications. 2867: 2758:, A.A.A.S. Publ. No. 83, Washington, D.C. 681:, fish that forage for food on land, and 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 6279:Regional fishery management organisation 3240: 3238: 3230:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 3116: 2930:Records of the Western Australian Museum 2843: 2740: 2216: 1933: 1923: 1789: 1769: 1610: 1358: 1350: 1016: 937: 895: 817: 759: 704: 537: 216: 122: 3422:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 3290: 3262: 3197: 3169: 3141: 3047: 3014: 3012: 2849: 2820: 2818: 2718: 2668: 2625: 2613: 2604: 1877:). The largest fish in the family, the 1237: 1080:of fish. They are usually found around 1012: 6636: 3480: 3440:Estuarine Fish Kills in Morth Carolina 3359:Fishes, An Introduction to Ichthyology 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2761: 2748:What is an estuary: physical viewpoint 166:. Coastal fish can be contrasted with 6109: 5716: 5677: 4536: 4009: 4008: 3492: 3454: 3345:New World Publications Incorporated. 3339:Humann, Paul and DeLoach, Ned (2008) 3235: 6162:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement 3434:Notes on Estuarine Fish Reproduction 3064:Pollard, D. & Smith, A. (2009). 3022:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 3009: 2892: 882:fish. However, most species feed on 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 6337:Future of Marine Animal Populations 6214:Fishery Resources Monitoring System 6204:Monitoring control and surveillance 5656: 4927:Electroreception and electrogenesis 4084:Oceanic physical-biological process 3946:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF) 3075:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2924:Jenkins, A.P.; G.R. Allen (2002). " 2795: 1805:tropical waters. They are powerful 1242: 212: 13: 3018:Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N. (2006) 2433:are fish belonging to a number of 2036:, including the highly commercial 1470:(recently hatched fish), often by 1387:. Phytoplankton need sunlight for 700: 282: 14: 6655: 6536:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 6269:National Marine Fisheries Service 6264:European Fisheries Control Agency 3409: 1981:(mostly "round" fish) which live 1631:Pelagic fish § Predator fish 1403:then eat the plankton and larger 697:spawning or maturing among them. 533: 251:Nearshore fish, sometimes called 246: 234:that extend from the continental 6182: 5928: 5745:Population dynamics of fisheries 5655: 5644: 5643: 5626: 5625: 4651: 4517: 4516: 4504: 4490: 4122: 3794: 3611:Colored dissolved organic matter 2903:. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. 2529: 2515: 2414: 2400: 2379: 2363: 2164: 2140: 2124: 2084: 1751: 1735: 1723: 1704: 1591: 1577: 1563: 1546: 1337: 1319: 1269: 1223: 1211: 1159: 1144: 1132: 1120: 964:feeders, possess a pair of long 712:support flourishing ecosystems, 512:inflated in a defensive response 501: 487: 473: 458: 324: 296: 23: 6466:Aquaculture Stewardship Council 6322:Environmental impact of fishing 4611:Environmental impact of fishing 3956:Latin America and the Caribbean 3284: 3256: 3219: 3191: 3163: 3135: 3110: 3096: 3032: 2786: 2777: 1249:Pelagic fish § Forage fish 550:is a transition zone between a 34:needs additional citations for 6440:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 5800:Otolith microchemical analysis 4438:Ecological values of mangroves 3981:North Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3356:Moyle, PB and Cech, JJ (2004) 2876:Damselfishes of the South Seas 2792:Greenpeace Book of Coral Reefs 2712: 2690: 2662: 2640: 2622:Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 572 2610:Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 585 1355:World distribution of plankton 146:, inhabit the sea between the 1: 6435:European Environmental Agency 6425:Grey nurse shark conservation 6332:Destructive fishing practices 5830:Pop-up satellite archival tag 3442:. Retrieved 20 February 2010. 3436:. Retrieved 20 February 2010. 3316: 3121:. Hermes House. p. 256. 2829:. San Diego: Academic Press. 2659:. Retrieved 25 February 2010. 1151:Cleaner wrasses working on a 6415:Marine conservation activism 5865:Climate change and fisheries 4696:intramembranous ossification 4458:Marine conservation activism 4443:Fisheries and climate change 3044:Retrieved February 23, 2010. 2783:Moyle and Cech, 2003, p. 50. 1606: 1001:water, so they do not enter 935:. A small number eat coral. 931:, and small bottom-dwelling 7: 4453:Human impact on marine life 4330:Davidson Seamount § Ecology 3566:Aquatic population dynamics 3362:5th Ed, Benjamin Cummings. 2508: 2244:spines situated behind the 1938:Cod-like fishes, like this 1036:. They can be divided into 734:. Coral reefs form complex 558:marine environment. Due to 158:coastal fish are generally 10: 6660: 6461:Marine Stewardship Council 6254:EU Common Fisheries Policy 5075:Fin and flipper locomotion 5045:Sequential hermaphroditism 4932:Jamming avoidance response 4649: 3425:(updated 23 November 2009) 2265:up to 90 cm, for the 1927: 1628: 1246: 779:are members of the family 723: 607:Fishes that spend time in 569: 432:and its near relative the 339: 6615:Glossary of fishery terms 6610:Index of fishing articles 6600: 6549: 6448: 6392: 6327:Fishing down the food web 6302:Maximum sustainable yield 6289: 6191: 6180: 6134: 6130: 6105: 5937: 5926: 5860:Match/mismatch hypothesis 5733: 5729: 5712: 5639: 5563: 5496: 5403: 5365: 5356: 5295: 5226: 5113: 5065: 4975: 4900: 4660: 4570: 4484: 4423: 4295: 4231: 4193: 4140: 4131: 4120: 4069:Marine primary production 4021: 4017: 4004: 3963:List of marine ecoregions 3938: 3803: 3792: 3506: 3502: 3488: 2972:10.11646/zootaxa.1671.1.2 2926:Neopomacentrus aquadulcis 2652:December 2, 2008, at the 1730:Great barracuda and jacks 1363:Areas of upwelling in red 720:are numerous and diverse. 652:anadromous and catadromus 420:, the pipefish worm, the 6501:Save Our Seas Foundation 6234:Individual fishing quota 6209:Vessel monitoring system 5855:Hydrographic containment 4562: 4315:Coastal biogeomorphology 4310:Marine coastal ecosystem 3294:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 3266:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 3201:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 3173:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 3145:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 3042:Encyclopædia Britannica. 2853:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 2746:Pritchard, D. W. (1967) 2722:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 2672:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 2597: 2252:. They can also deliver 2046:are fishes of the genus 554:river environment and a 520:long-spined sea scorpion 495:Long-spined sea scorpion 418:long-spined sea scorpion 162:, inhabiting the sunlit 6147:Exclusive economic zone 5825:GIS and aquatic science 5780:Standard weight in fish 5591:Glossary of ichthyology 5153:Diel vertical migration 4223:Paradox of the plankton 4034:Diel vertical migration 3928:Freshwater swamp forest 3646:GIS and aquatic science 3494:General components and 3328:John Wiley & Sons. 3232:. Updated 2 March 2009. 3117:Whiteman, Kate (2000). 2647:Continental shelf areas 1897:Atlantic horse mackerel 1863:are fish of the family 1309:carnivorous zooplankton 6376:Turtle excluder device 6049:Shoaling and schooling 4957:Surface wave detection 4922:Hydrodynamic reception 4596:Diseases and parasites 4049:Large marine ecosystem 3741:Shoaling and schooling 3298:Parapercis hexophtalma 3270:Uranoscopus sulphureus 2855:"Family Pomacentridae" 2827:Encyclopedia of Fishes 2697:Shanny (common blenny) 2586:Shoaling and schooling 2270:Kathetostoma giganteum 2240:; they have two large 2230: 1947: 1810: 1787: 1626: 1364: 1356: 1253:Shoaling and schooling 1025: 946: 900: 831: 773: 721: 654:fish species, such as 601:ecological successions 567: 227: 132: 6400:Marine protected area 6274:Regional fishery body 5900:Census of Marine Life 5795:Catch per unit effort 5095:Undulatory locomotion 4912:Ampullae of Lorenzini 4468:Marine protected area 4395:Salt pannes and pools 4170:Marine larval ecology 4145:Census of Marine Life 4029:Deep scattering layer 3986:San Francisco Estuary 3951:Africa and Madagascar 3776:Underwater camouflage 3556:Aquatic biomonitoring 3496:freshwater ecosystems 3308:. March 2010 version. 3280:. March 2010 version. 3225:Walrond, Carl (2009) 3215:. March 2010 version. 3187:. March 2010 version. 3159:. March 2010 version. 2899:Nelson, J.S. (2006). 2736:. March 2010 version. 2686:. March 2010 version. 2374:perched on coral sand 2220: 2171:The red gurnard is a 2151:is a large left-eyed 2103:. It is preyed on by 1985:the sea bed, such as 1973:, rather than in the 1965:, white fish contain 1937: 1924:Demersal pelagic fish 1895:of this genus is the 1883:Pacific jack mackerel 1793: 1773: 1614: 1362: 1354: 1059:are superbly adapted 1020: 990:blue-striped snappers 988:goatfish school with 958:dash-and-dot goatfish 944:blue-striped snappers 941: 899: 824:foureye butterflyfish 821: 763: 708: 541: 385:, cnidarians such as 304:The rise and fall of 220: 126: 6239:Minimum landing size 6199:Fisheries management 6174:Magnuson–Stevens Act 6169:Fisheries Convention 5920:Fisheries scientists 5323:Genetically modified 4203:Marine bacteriophage 4165:Marine invertebrates 3372:Hinrichsen D (1999) 3082:: e.T3854A10132481. 3001:Coral Reef Formation 2874:Allen, G.R. (1975). 2863:. July 2007 version. 2709:. Updated July 2005. 1915:yellowtail amberjack 1744:yellowtail amberjack 1690:and small fish like 1344:predatory vertebrate 1238:Coastal pelagic fish 1178:away the sea floor. 1048:away the sea floor. 1013:Other nearshore fish 851:saddle butterflyfish 150:and the edge of the 43:improve this article 6516:Defying Ocean's End 6420:Salmon conservation 6410:Marine conservation 6350:The End of the Line 6343:The Sunken Billions 6312:Sustainable seafood 6297:Sustainable fishery 5910:Fisheries databases 5840:Age class structure 5810:Fisheries acoustics 5128:Aquatic respiration 5015:Life history theory 4079:Ocean fertilization 3888:Trophic state index 3846:Lake stratification 3576:Aquatic respiration 3446:Inshore marine fish 3398:) Wiley-Blackwell. 3325:Fishes in estuaries 2999:Anderson, G (2003) 2901:Fishes of the World 2182:Mail-cheeked fishes 1383:which drift in the 994:goldsaddle goatfish 857:wings. Their deep, 847:lined butterflyfish 397:such as the common 232:continental shelves 131:, a coastal species 6605:Outline of fishing 6224:Fisheries observer 5875:Aquatic ecosystems 4967:Weberian apparatus 4345:Intertidal wetland 4340:Intertidal ecology 4208:Marine prokaryotes 4150:Deep-sea community 4044:Iron fertilization 3967:Specific examples 3893:Upland and lowland 3811:Freshwater biology 3676:Microbial food web 3586:Aquatic toxicology 3529:Aquatic adaptation 3482:Aquatic ecosystems 3396:Studies in ecology 3250:The New York Times 2702:2012-07-04 at the 2676:Penetopteryx nanus 2523:Marine life portal 2501:Atlantic wreckfish 2489:(in earlier times 2422:Atlantic wreckfish 2389:Centrolophus niger 2331:pelagic butterfish 2323:imperial blackfish 2319:southern driftfish 2231: 1979:benthopelagic fish 1957:Demersal fish are 1948: 1811: 1788: 1780:vulnerable species 1760:largehead hairtail 1627: 1503:California Current 1365: 1357: 1026: 947: 901: 832: 799:. They are mainly 774: 722: 568: 389:, arthropods like 362:, or are found in 342:intertidal ecology 228: 133: 6631: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6587:Threatened sharks 6486:Ocean Conservancy 6471:Friend of the Sea 6101: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6009:Lobster fisheries 5954:Diversity of fish 5750:Shifting baseline 5719:Fisheries science 5671: 5670: 5581:Fish common names 5492: 5491: 5123:Aquatic predation 4947:Capacity for pain 4676:Age determination 4530: 4529: 4511:Oceans portal 4480: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4355:Hydrothermal vent 4291: 4290: 4180:Seashore wildlife 4011:Marine ecosystems 4000: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3766:Thermal pollution 3731:Ramsar Convention 3671:Microbial ecology 3631:Fisheries science 3571:Aquatic predation 3384:978-1-55963-383-3 3368:978-0-13-100847-2 3334:978-0-632-05733-7 3068:Carcharias taurus 2910:978-0-471-25031-9 2885:978-0-87666-034-8 2754:G. H. Lauf (ed.) 2483:yellowfin grouper 1829:, giving them an 1373:primary producers 1349: 1348: 1261:marine food chain 1005:or the mouths of 803:feeders. Anthias 791:seen swarming in 403:common periwinkle 238:, and around the 152:continental shelf 119: 118: 111: 93: 6651: 6567:Marine pollution 6371:Cetacean bycatch 6366:Incidental catch 6186: 6132: 6131: 6107: 6106: 6074:Humboldt current 5932: 5850:Trophic cascades 5790:Data storage tag 5775:Fish measurement 5770:Stock assessment 5731: 5730: 5714: 5713: 5698: 5691: 5684: 5675: 5674: 5659: 5658: 5647: 5646: 5629: 5628: 5363: 5362: 4655: 4586:Ethnoichthyology 4557: 4550: 4543: 4534: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4499: 4497:Lakes portal 4495: 4494: 4493: 4463:Marine pollution 4155:Deep-water coral 4138: 4137: 4126: 4059:Marine chemistry 4019: 4018: 4006: 4005: 3923:Freshwater marsh 3816:Freshwater biome 3798: 3514:Acoustic ecology 3504: 3503: 3490: 3489: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3310: 3309: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3260: 3254: 3242: 3233: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3149:Boreogadus saida 3139: 3133: 3132: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3061: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3036: 3030: 3016: 3007: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2980: 2974:. Archived from 2957: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2822: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2765: 2759: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2716: 2710: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2666: 2660: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2623: 2620: 2611: 2608: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2418: 2404: 2386:The rudderfish ( 2383: 2367: 2293:redbanded weever 2258:ambush predators 2168: 2144: 2128: 2088: 1776:sand tiger shark 1755: 1739: 1727: 1708: 1617:bluefin trevally 1595: 1585:Atlantic herring 1581: 1567: 1550: 1515:Humboldt Current 1495:Benguela Current 1491:Northwest Africa 1341: 1323: 1273: 1257: 1256: 1243:Plankton feeding 1227: 1215: 1167:Common triplefin 1163: 1148: 1136: 1124: 1108:seagrass meadows 1030:seagrass meadows 983:and other small 805:shoal and school 751:mangrove forests 747:seagrass meadows 738:with tremendous 647:in the estuary. 505: 491: 477: 462: 366:or under rocks. 328: 300: 290:Intertidal zones 277:seagrass meadows 224: 213:Coastal habitats 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6619: 6596: 6592:Threatened rays 6572:Mercury in fish 6545: 6444: 6430:Shark sanctuary 6388: 6285: 6219:Catch reporting 6187: 6178: 6126: 6093: 5999:Krill fisheries 5964:Coral reef fish 5949:Ocean fisheries 5940: 5933: 5924: 5765:Condition index 5736: 5725: 5708: 5702: 5672: 5667: 5635: 5559: 5488: 5399: 5352: 5291: 5222: 5115: 5109: 5061: 5005:Ichthyoplankton 4971: 4903: 4896: 4892:Digital Library 4887:Teleost leptins 4826:Shark cartilage 4750:pharyngeal slit 4745:pharyngeal arch 4681:Anguilliformity 4666: 4664: 4656: 4647: 4566: 4561: 4531: 4526: 4503: 4502: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4472: 4433:Coral bleaching 4419: 4400:Seagrass meadow 4297:Marine habitats 4287: 4261:Coral reef fish 4227: 4213:Marine protists 4189: 4127: 4118: 4089:Ocean turbidity 4064:Marine food web 4013: 3992: 3934: 3873:River ecosystem 3826:Freshwater fish 3799: 3790: 3596:Bioluminescence 3581:Aquatic science 3498: 3484: 3479: 3415:Walrond, Carl. 3412: 3388:Mann KH (2000) 3319: 3314: 3313: 3289: 3285: 3261: 3257: 3253:22 August 2006. 3243: 3236: 3224: 3220: 3196: 3192: 3168: 3164: 3140: 3136: 3129: 3115: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3048: 3037: 3033: 3017: 3010: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2981:on 21 July 2011 2978: 2955: 2945: 2941: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2872: 2868: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2823: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2766: 2762: 2745: 2741: 2717: 2713: 2704:Wayback Machine 2695: 2691: 2667: 2663: 2654:Wayback Machine 2645: 2641: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2561:Marine habitats 2546:Coral reef fish 2535: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2425: 2419: 2410: 2408:Malabar grouper 2405: 2396: 2384: 2375: 2368: 2339:Tasmanian ruffe 2267:giant stargazer 2254:electric shocks 2227:ambush predator 2176: 2169: 2160: 2145: 2136: 2129: 2120: 2089: 1932: 1926: 1766: 1756: 1747: 1740: 1731: 1728: 1719: 1709: 1633: 1609: 1602: 1596: 1587: 1582: 1573: 1568: 1559: 1551: 1499:southern Africa 1393:carbon fixation 1367:At the base of 1274: Sun 1263: 1255: 1245: 1240: 1233: 1228: 1219: 1216: 1169: 1164: 1155: 1149: 1140: 1137: 1128: 1125: 1104:mangrove stands 1015: 797:ornamental fish 728: 726:Coral reef fish 718:Coral reef fish 703: 701:Coral reef fish 674:Mangrove swamps 582: 536: 513: 506: 497: 492: 483: 478: 469: 463: 424:and the common 371:intertidal zone 356:intertidal zone 348: 338: 337: 336: 335: 334: 333: 329: 320: 319: 318: 317: 315:intertidal zone 312: 301: 292: 291: 285: 283:Intertidal fish 257:intertidal zone 249: 226: 222: 215: 164:epipelagic zone 160:epipelagic fish 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6657: 6647: 6646: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6562:Fish slaughter 6559: 6553: 6551: 6550:Related issues 6547: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6491:Ocean Outcomes 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6405:Marine reserve 6402: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6290:Sustainability 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6128: 6127: 6120:sustainability 6103: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6054:Marine habitat 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6014:Shrimp fishery 6011: 6006: 6004:Kelp fisheries 6001: 5996: 5991: 5989:Crab fisheries 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5945: 5943: 5935: 5934: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5870:Marine biology 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5820:Coded wire tag 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5760:Fish mortality 5757: 5752: 5747: 5741: 5739: 5727: 5726: 5723:wild fisheries 5710: 5709: 5707:science topics 5701: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5653: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5409: 5407: 5405:Wild fisheries 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5328:Hallucinogenic 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5233: 5231: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5203:Schooling fish 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5163:Filter feeders 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5138:Bottom feeders 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4908: 4906: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4784:Leydig's organ 4781: 4780: 4779: 4777:pharyngeal jaw 4774: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4730:branchial arch 4722: 4721: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4683: 4678: 4672: 4670: 4658: 4657: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4545: 4537: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4514: 4500: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4251:Saltwater fish 4248: 4246:Marine reptile 4243: 4237: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4218:Marine viruses 4215: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4197: 4195:Microorganisms 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4185:Wild fisheries 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4099:Thorson's rule 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4054:Marine biology 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4015: 4014: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3965: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3913:Brackish marsh 3910: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3841:Lake ecosystem 3838: 3833: 3831:Hyporheic zone 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3681:Microbial loop 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3626:Eutrophication 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3606:Cascade effect 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3534:Aquatic animal 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3500: 3499: 3486: 3485: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3426: 3417:"Coastal fish" 3411: 3410:External links 3408: 3407: 3406: 3386: 3378:Island Press. 3370: 3354: 3337: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3292:Froese, Rainer 3283: 3264:Froese, Rainer 3255: 3244:Grady, Denise 3234: 3218: 3199:Froese, Rainer 3190: 3171:Froese, Rainer 3162: 3143:Froese, Rainer 3134: 3127: 3109: 3095: 3056: 3046: 3031: 3008: 3004:Marine Science 2992: 2939: 2916: 2909: 2891: 2884: 2866: 2851:Froese, Rainer 2842: 2835: 2794: 2785: 2776: 2760: 2739: 2726:Cottus bubalis 2720:Froese, Rainer 2711: 2689: 2670:Froese, Rainer 2661: 2639: 2624: 2612: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2526: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2494: 2427: 2426: 2420: 2413: 2411: 2406: 2399: 2397: 2385: 2378: 2376: 2369: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2304: 2248:and above the 2215: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2178: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2161: 2146: 2139: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2121: 2090: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2068: 2041: 2038:Alaska pollock 1969:only in their 1928:Main article: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1879:giant trevally 1875:white trevally 1857:leatherjackets 1849:horse mackerel 1834: 1807:apex predators 1795:Giant trevally 1768: 1767: 1757: 1750: 1748: 1741: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1722: 1720: 1713:jolthead porgy 1710: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1677: 1663: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1597: 1590: 1588: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1571:European sprat 1569: 1562: 1560: 1552: 1545: 1527:Somali Current 1487:Canary Current 1480:marine mammals 1472:filter feeding 1446:), as well as 1405:predatory fish 1401:Filter feeders 1389:photosynthesis 1379:, microscopic 1347: 1346: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1266: 1265: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1191: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1158: 1156: 1150: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1089: 1071: 1064: 1014: 1011: 813:hermaphrodites 724:Main article: 702: 699: 597:brackish water 580:brackish water 564:eutrophication 535: 534:Estuarine fish 532: 531: 530: 523: 515: 514: 507: 500: 498: 493: 486: 484: 479: 472: 470: 464: 457: 454: 453: 445: 331: 330: 323: 322: 321: 303: 302: 295: 294: 293: 289: 288: 287: 286: 284: 281: 248: 247:Nearshore fish 245: 221: 214: 211: 138:, also called 117: 116: 58:"Coastal fish" 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6656: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6582:Shark finning 6580: 6578: 6577:Shark culling 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6506:Sea Around Us 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:Seafood Watch 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6383: 6382:Shrimp-Turtle 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6244:Pulse fishing 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6185: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6142:Fisheries law 6140: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6112:Fisheries law 6108: 6104: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5994:Eel fisheries 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5984:Cod fisheries 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5969:Demersal fish 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5936: 5931: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5845:Trophic level 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5699: 5694: 5692: 5687: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5664: 5663: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5632: 5631:more lists... 5624: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5586:Fish families 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5571:Aquarium life 5569: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5553:fleshy-finned 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5521:Cartilaginous 5519: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5158:Electric fish 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4789:Mauthner cell 4787: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4708:Chromatophore 4706: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4539: 4538: 4535: 4523: 4515: 4512: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4405:Sponge ground 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4370:Marine biomes 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4271:Demersal fish 4269: 4267: 4266:Deep-sea fish 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4241:Marine mammal 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3771:Trophic level 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3736:Sediment trap 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3711:Phytoplankton 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3561:Aquatic plant 3559: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3524:Anoxic waters 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3471: 3469: 3464: 3462: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3405: 3404:9780865425507 3401: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3351:9781878348432 3348: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3320: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3279: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3239: 3231: 3228: 3222: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3205:Psetta maxima 3200: 3194: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3130: 3128:1-84309-666-8 3124: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3099: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3069: 3060: 3050: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3029: 3028:1-4051-1118-6 3025: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2952: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2887: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2838: 2836:0-12-547665-5 2832: 2828: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2773:0-19-852508-7 2770: 2764: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2658: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2607: 2603: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2551:Demersal fish 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2537:Oceans portal 2532: 2527: 2524: 2513: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2351:white warehou 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307:Medusa fishes 2305: 2302: 2298: 2297:yellow weaver 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250:pectoral fins 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1952:demersal fish 1945: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1930:Demersal fish 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815:Cutlassfishes 1813: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1785: 1784:IUCN Red List 1781: 1777: 1772: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1738: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1649:cutlassfishes 1646: 1642: 1638: 1632: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1601: 1594: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1566: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1535:purse seiners 1532: 1531:Western India 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:phytoplankton 1378: 1374: 1370: 1361: 1353: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326:filter feeder 1322: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1285:phytoplankton 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1232: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1168: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1153:dragon wrasse 1147: 1142: 1135: 1130: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1038:demersal fish 1035: 1031: 1023: 1019: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 991: 986: 985:invertebrates 982: 978: 974: 970: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 945: 940: 936: 934: 930: 926: 921: 917: 916:Pomacentridae 913: 909: 905: 898: 894: 892: 888: 885: 881: 877: 873: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 835:Butterflyfish 829: 825: 820: 816: 814: 811: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 771: 767: 762: 758: 756: 752: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 727: 719: 715: 714:paradoxically 711: 707: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 675: 671: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 648: 646: 643:increase the 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 615:) need to be 614: 610: 605: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 577: 573: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548:Klamath River 545: 540: 527: 524: 521: 517: 516: 511: 504: 499: 496: 490: 485: 482: 476: 471: 468: 461: 456: 455: 450: 446: 443: 439: 438: 437: 435: 431: 430:common blenny 427: 423: 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 347: 343: 327: 316: 311: 307: 299: 280: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253:littoral fish 244: 241: 237: 233: 219: 210: 208: 205:results from 204: 200: 199:predator fish 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 175: 173: 172:offshore fish 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 130: 125: 121: 113: 110: 102: 99:February 2021 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 6393:Conservation 6381: 6348: 6341: 6124:conservation 6079:Algal blooms 6064:Water column 5979:Pelagic fish 5959:Coastal fish 5958: 5905:OSTM/Jason-2 5880:Bioeconomics 5815:Acoustic tag 5785:Fish counter 5660: 5648: 5548:spiny-finned 5497:Major groups 5241: 5218:Intelligence 5198:Scale eaters 5143:Cleaner fish 5025:Mouthbrooder 4977:Reproduction 4952:Schreckstoff 4937:Lateral line 4853:Swim bladder 4843:Spiral valve 4772:hyomandibula 4755:pseudobranch 4638:Hypoxia in - 4425:Conservation 4276:Pelagic fish 4256:Coastal fish 4255: 4160:Marine fungi 3898:Water garden 3781:Water column 3726:Productivity 3701:Pelagic zone 3661:Macrobenthos 3651:Hydrobiology 3621:Ecohydrology 3420: 3395: 3390: 3374: 3358: 3341: 3324: 3303: 3297: 3286: 3275: 3269: 3258: 3248: 3229: 3221: 3210: 3204: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3165: 3154: 3148: 3137: 3118: 3112: 3098: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3059: 3049: 3041: 3034: 3019: 3003: 2995: 2983:. Retrieved 2976:the original 2963: 2959: 2950: 2942: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2900: 2894: 2875: 2869: 2858: 2845: 2826: 2788: 2779: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2731: 2725: 2714: 2706: 2692: 2681: 2675: 2664: 2657:Earth trends 2656: 2642: 2606: 2581:Pelagic fish 2566:Moorish idol 2387: 2274:fish markets 2269: 2232: 2199:velvetfishes 2173:mail-cheeked 2113:ringed seals 2047: 2002: 1991:benthic fish 1982: 1956: 1949: 1906: 1893:type species 1886: 1864: 1819:Trichiuridae 1803:Indo-Pacific 1674:grunt fishes 1634: 1484: 1409: 1385:water column 1366: 1342: 1324: 1296:herbivorous 1176:water column 1172: 1050: 1046:water column 1042:pelagic fish 1034:kelp forests 1027: 1022:Kelp forests 966:chemosensory 948: 902: 891:sea anemones 872:corallivores 833: 826:has a false 775: 744: 740:biodiversity 729: 672: 649: 613:river mouths 606: 583: 415: 387:sea anemones 368: 349: 273:kelp forests 252: 250: 229: 203:productivity 176: 171: 168:oceanic fish 167: 144:neritic fish 143: 140:inshore fish 139: 136:Coastal fish 135: 134: 120: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 6644:Marine fish 6317:Overfishing 6229:Catch share 6059:Marine snow 6044:Sardine run 6029:Fish screen 6024:Fish ladder 5974:Forage fish 5662:WikiProject 5621:Prehistoric 5605:Threatened 5296:Other types 5193:Sardine run 5168:Forage fish 5148:Corallivory 5000:Development 4985:Bubble nest 4858:physoclisti 4848:Suckermouth 4821:Root effect 4643:Ichthyology 4410:Sponge reef 4385:Rocky shore 4380:Oyster reef 4350:Kelp forest 4233:Vertebrates 4133:Marine life 4109:Viral shunt 4074:Marine snow 3976:Maharashtra 3883:Stream pool 3786:Zooplankton 3706:Photic zone 3666:Meiobenthos 3519:Algal bloom 3104:"John dory" 2556:Forage fish 2493:were used). 2394:medusa fish 2370:A speckled 2335:New Zealand 2287:. They are 2285:Perciformes 2281:Sandperches 2256:. They are 2209:Red gurnard 2195:caudal fins 2187:carnivorous 2065:dusky shark 2022:Pacific cod 2001:which live 1911:forage fish 1827:caudal fins 1764:cutlassfish 1717:porgi grunt 1688:cephalopods 1684:crustaceans 1653:forage fish 1525:), and the 1458:. They use 1412:forage fish 1397:zooplankton 1369:food chains 1298:zooplankton 1218:Grey mullet 1184:grey mullet 1100:coral reefs 1086:dorsal fins 1082:coral reefs 977:crustaceans 933:crustaceans 908:anemonefish 876:zooplankton 863:dorsal fins 810:protogynous 801:zooplankton 732:coral reefs 710:Coral reefs 683:archer fish 679:mudskippers 633:forage fish 631:, and some 560:land runoff 526:Lumpsuckers 465:Australian 440:The common 313:defines an 269:coral reefs 240:coral reefs 195:forage fish 191:coral reefs 179:tidal pools 6541:Greenpeace 6249:Slot limit 6192:Management 6116:management 6084:Dead zones 6039:Salmon run 6019:Eel ladder 5915:Institutes 5755:Fish stock 5277:Groundfish 5272:Freshwater 5267:Euryhaline 5252:Coral reef 5188:Salmon run 5178:Paedophagy 5080:Amphibious 5067:Locomotion 4875:pharyngeal 4863:physostome 4816:Photophore 4762:Glossohyal 4735:gill raker 4718:dorsal fin 4668:physiology 4390:Salt marsh 4325:Coral reef 4114:Whale fall 4094:Photophore 3971:Everglades 3939:Ecoregions 3878:Stream bed 3851:Macrophyte 3804:Freshwater 3636:Food chain 3549:Water bird 3394:(Vol 8 of 3317:References 3177:Zeus faber 2936:: 379–382. 2467:saddletail 2439:Serranidae 2372:sand perch 2341:, and the 2315:barrelfish 2234:Stargazers 2061:cuttlefish 2016:, such as 2014:Gadiformes 1997:) such as 1959:white fish 1903:Amberjacks 1866:Carangidae 1841:amberjacks 1797:are great 1645:amberjacks 1629:See also: 1619:sizing up 1600:Baltic Sea 1539:overfished 1507:California 1247:See also: 1199:cormorants 1188:seine nets 1074:Triplefins 1061:groundfish 950:Goatfishes 925:farmerfish 912:damselfish 839:bannerfish 793:coral reef 781:Serranidae 766:sea goldie 736:ecosystems 617:euryhaline 570:See also: 552:freshwater 510:lumpsucker 434:butterfish 426:lumpsucker 379:ecosystems 375:rock pools 364:rock pools 346:tidal pool 340:See also: 259:, or with 236:shorelines 127:Schooling 69:newspapers 6511:WorldFish 6476:SeaChoice 6089:Fish kill 6069:Upwelling 6034:Migration 5941:fisheries 5735:Fisheries 5526:chimaeras 5413:Predatory 5390:Salmonids 5348:Whitefish 5338:Poisonous 5313:Diversity 5247:Coldwater 5183:Predatory 5173:Migratory 5133:Bait ball 5116:behaviour 5035:Pregnancy 5030:Polyandry 4804:papillare 4799:Operculum 4794:Meristics 4740:gill slit 4703:Cleithrum 4633:Fish kill 4623:Fear of - 4616:- as food 4606:Fisheries 4591:Evolution 4581:Diversity 4415:Tide pool 4320:Cold seep 4104:Upwelling 3868:Rheotaxis 3861:Fish pond 3836:Limnology 3761:Substrate 3746:Siltation 3616:Dead zone 2756:Estuaries 2750:. p. 3–5 2497:Wreckfish 2491:longlines 2487:gill nets 2355:jellyfish 2311:perciform 2223:stargazer 2157:food fish 2133:John Dory 2093:polar cod 2078:trawlers. 2044:John Dory 2026:morid cod 1963:oily fish 1961:. Unlike 1940:morid cod 1888:Trachurus 1801:found in 1680:Barracuda 1641:barracuda 1624:anchovies 1621:schooling 1615:Predator 1607:Predatory 1557:anchovies 1554:Schooling 1460:schooling 1456:halfbeaks 1448:anchovies 1432:pilchards 1416:Clupeidae 1391:to power 1264:(typical) 1112:estuaries 1092:Seahorses 1003:estuaries 920:estuarine 904:Clownfish 867:tail fins 859:laterally 855:butterfly 843:coralfish 785:reef fish 691:halfbeaks 645:diversity 629:salmonids 621:mangroves 609:estuaries 585:Estuaries 556:saltwater 481:Rock goby 449:rock goby 422:rock goby 391:barnacles 261:estuaries 207:upwelling 187:estuaries 148:shoreline 129:threadfin 6638:Category 6521:HERMIONE 6449:Advocacy 6361:Discards 5895:FishBase 5885:EconMult 5835:EcoSCOPE 5650:Category 5601:Smallest 5514:lampreys 5477:flatfish 5467:Demersal 5423:mackerel 5418:billfish 5358:Commerce 5287:Tropical 5262:Demersal 5257:Deep-sea 5213:Venomous 5105:RoboTuna 5055:triggers 5050:Spawning 5010:Juvenile 4995:Egg case 4628:FishBase 4522:Category 4448:HERMIONE 4365:Mangrove 4175:Seagrass 3721:Pleuston 3716:Plankton 3696:Particle 3641:Food web 3305:FishBase 3277:FishBase 3212:FishBase 3184:FishBase 3156:FishBase 2966:: 3–31. 2860:FishBase 2733:FishBase 2700:Archived 2683:FishBase 2650:Archived 2571:Monkfish 2509:See also 2327:Japanese 2301:blue cod 2238:venomous 2191:pectoral 2153:flatfish 2117:seabirds 2105:narwhals 2097:plankton 2018:Atlantic 1995:flatfish 1861:trevally 1845:pompanos 1799:gamefish 1696:pilchard 1660:Mackerel 1476:seabirds 1464:plankton 1440:menhaden 1428:sardines 1420:herrings 1377:plankton 1371:are the 1139:Flatfish 1127:Seahorse 1057:Flatfish 999:brackish 981:molluscs 929:plankton 880:aquarium 755:sediment 687:snappers 637:herrings 635:such as 576:mangrove 401:and the 395:molluscs 383:seaweeds 360:seashore 310:seashore 197:and the 6557:CalCOFI 6526:PROFISH 6456:FishAct 6356:Bycatch 5890:Ecopath 5805:Biomass 5737:science 5705:Fishery 5596:Largest 5509:hagfish 5504:Jawless 5482:pollock 5455:sardine 5450:herring 5445:anchovy 5395:Tilapia 5385:Octopus 5380:Catfish 5367:Farming 5282:Pelagic 5242:Coastal 5229:habitat 5085:Walking 4990:Clasper 4942:Otolith 4904:systems 4902:Sensory 4836:ganoine 4811:Papilla 4662:Anatomy 4601:Fishing 4375:Mudflat 4335:Estuary 4305:Bay mud 4283:Seabird 4039:f-ratio 4022:General 3903:Wetland 3691:Neuston 3656:Hypoxia 3601:Biomass 3591:Benthos 3507:General 2985:1 March 2960:Zootaxa 2951:Chromis 2504:fishes. 2459:Goliath 2431:Grouper 2392:) is a 2289:benthic 2246:opercle 2225:is an 2203:Lingcod 2109:belugas 2052:eyespot 2034:pollock 2030:haddock 1989:, and 1942:have a 1907:Seriola 1782:on the 1692:anchovy 1670:snapper 1666:Porgies 1637:porgies 1513:), the 1501:), the 1493:), the 1452:capelin 1231:Garfish 1203:gannets 1195:garfish 969:barbels 962:benthic 828:eyespot 777:Anthias 770:anthias 664:herring 593:streams 572:estuary 546:of the 544:estuary 508:Smooth 358:of the 354:in the 265:lagoons 156:pelagic 83:scholar 6496:Oceana 6259:EU MLS 5614:sharks 5531:sharks 5460:sprats 5440:Forage 5428:salmon 5308:Coarse 5090:Flying 4962:Vision 4917:Barbel 4831:Scales 4691:dermal 4571:About 4360:Lagoon 3686:Nekton 3544:Mammal 3539:Insect 3402: 3382: 3366: 3349: 3332: 3125: 3026: 2907: 2882: 2833: 2771: 2591:Weever 2576:NaGISA 2475:Warsaw 2463:Nassau 2435:genera 2347:silver 2343:common 2333:, the 2325:, the 2242:poison 2149:turbot 2071:Turbot 1999:plaice 1944:barbel 1891:. The 1823:pelvic 1511:Oregon 1444:sprats 1251:, and 1094:are a 1078:family 1076:are a 1067:Wrasse 1007:rivers 887:polyps 789:fishes 768:is an 695:tarpon 693:, and 668:plaice 656:salmon 641:sprats 589:rivers 578:, and 467:blenny 442:blenny 411:shrimp 399:limpet 393:, and 223: 183:fjords 85: 78: 71: 64: 56: 5576:Blind 5564:Lists 5343:Rough 5208:Sleep 5114:Other 4880:shark 4870:Teeth 3751:Spawn 3054:1445. 3039:Porgy 2979:(PDF) 2956:(PDF) 2635:World 2598:Notes 2479:white 2471:tiger 2455:giant 2447:comet 2443:black 2101:krill 2075:brill 2057:squid 1971:liver 1871:reefs 1853:scads 1837:Jacks 1762:is a 1715:is a 1662:scom* 1529:(off 1523:Chile 1517:(off 1505:(off 1497:(off 1489:(off 1436:hilsa 1096:genus 973:worms 954:reefs 884:coral 865:with 542:This 407:crabs 308:on a 306:tides 90:JSTOR 76:books 6384:case 6122:and 5939:Wild 5721:and 5609:rays 5543:Bony 5536:rays 5433:tuna 5375:Carp 5333:Oily 5318:Game 5303:Bait 5237:Cave 5020:Milt 4725:Gill 4713:Fins 4686:Bone 4573:fish 4564:Fish 3856:Pond 3400:ISBN 3380:ISBN 3364:ISBN 3347:ISBN 3330:ISBN 3123:ISBN 3080:2009 3024:ISBN 2987:2010 2964:1671 2905:ISBN 2880:ISBN 2831:ISBN 2769:ISBN 2481:and 2349:and 2337:and 2329:and 2299:and 2221:The 2193:and 2147:The 2131:The 2115:and 2099:and 2091:The 2073:and 2059:and 2048:Zeus 2032:and 2020:and 1983:near 1967:oils 1859:and 1825:and 1774:The 1758:The 1742:The 1711:The 1694:and 1647:and 1521:and 1519:Peru 1509:and 1478:and 1466:and 1454:and 1442:and 1430:and 1424:shad 1201:and 1193:The 1182:The 1110:and 1106:and 1040:and 1032:and 910:and 889:and 849:and 841:and 822:The 764:The 749:and 666:and 660:eels 658:and 639:and 625:eels 611:(or 518:The 447:The 369:The 352:tide 344:and 185:and 62:news 6135:Law 5472:cod 5227:By 5040:Roe 4767:Jaw 4665:and 3918:Fen 3908:Bog 3084:doi 2968:doi 2752:in: 2707:BBC 2451:gag 2010:Cod 1987:cod 1975:gut 1831:eel 1672:or 1468:fry 591:or 170:or 142:or 45:by 6640:: 6118:, 6114:, 3419:– 3302:. 3274:. 3237:^ 3209:. 3181:. 3153:. 3078:. 3072:. 3011:^ 2962:. 2958:. 2934:20 2932:. 2857:. 2797:^ 2730:. 2680:. 2627:^ 2615:^ 2477:, 2473:, 2469:, 2465:, 2461:, 2457:, 2453:, 2449:, 2445:, 2345:, 2321:, 2317:, 2295:, 2263:cm 2111:, 2107:, 2028:, 2024:, 2003:on 1855:, 1851:, 1847:, 1843:, 1839:, 1686:, 1643:, 1639:, 1541:. 1482:. 1450:, 1438:, 1434:, 1426:, 1422:, 1102:, 1009:. 979:, 975:, 906:, 689:, 627:, 574:, 436:. 409:, 275:, 271:, 267:, 263:, 181:, 5697:e 5690:t 5683:v 4556:e 4549:t 4542:v 3474:e 3467:t 3460:v 3353:. 3336:. 3300:" 3296:" 3272:" 3268:" 3207:" 3203:" 3179:" 3175:" 3151:" 3147:" 3131:. 3106:. 3092:. 3086:: 3070:" 3066:" 3006:. 2989:. 2970:: 2913:. 2888:. 2839:. 2728:" 2724:" 2678:" 2674:" 2159:. 2119:. 1993:( 1786:. 1418:( 1332:↓ 1314:↓ 1304:↓ 1291:↓ 1279:↓ 1205:. 1190:. 566:. 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.