1448:
1458:
345:(DPRK) in the 1950s, though initial production under DPRK authority was extremely low. The ore is found a strike strip of 1200 m and is operated through nine blocks and extraction is by open pit method. Its iron ore handling capacity is 10 million tons per year. The annual production is reported to be 2 million tons of iron concentrate of 65% grade. After processing at the Gimchaek Steel Mill, iron is exported to China.
223:, has been in operation since 1932 and is the largest zinc mine in East Asia. It has seven mine blocks extracted through ten mines. It has annual capacity to handle 10 million tons of zinc ore. Conventional flotation methods are adopted to extract lead and zinc concentrates. Other products from the mine are sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and galena. The mining area was damaged in the
66:. However, often these cannot be mined due to the acute shortage of electricity in the country, as well as the lack of proper tools to mine these materials and an antiquated industrial base. Coal, iron ore, limestone, and magnesite deposits are larger than other mineral commodities. Mining joint ventures with other countries include China, Canada, Egypt, and South Korea.
356:, in Hamgyeongbuk-do, has been in operation since 2007. Iron ore is embedded in granite formations as magnetite, hematite, and ilmenite in the Musan group and Liwon-am group of rocks, and the ore extracted in directly transported to China without milling. The ore exported in 2007 was of the order of 3,000 tons.
474:
In 2013, North Korea surpassed
Vietnam to become the global top exporter of anthracite, generating $ 1.4 billion in revenue for the DPRK (10% of the country's GDP). Another estimate puts the nation's 2015 coal exports at 19.7 million tonnes, worth $ 1.1 billion. The regime relies on these profits to
422:
comprising four mine blocks has been in operation since 1982. It is reported to be the largest magnesite mine in the world. Magnesite ore is found in a strike of 1600 m and has been extracted since 1982. Both open pit and underground mining are done in these mine blocks and there is a total capacity
277:
has been in operation since 1893. Gold and other ores are found in a strike of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) strip. The plant has capacity for annual handling of 2 tonnes of gold, 2.5 tonnes of silver, and 80,000 tonnes of copper concentrate. In 1991, the mine recorded a production of 0.85 tonnes of
317:
has been in operation since 1970 and is the largest copper mine in the country. It was flooded and hence closed from 1994 to 2009 and has been partially reopened, after bailing out water, since 2010. Other products from the mine are chalcocite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. The plant has a
261:
has been in operation since 1956 and is an underground mine. The mine also extracts pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnesite, native gold, and native silver. In 2008, the annual production was reported as 290,000 tons of concentrate at a grade of 30g/t. To process the low-grade concentrate of the
Sangnong
391:
around the mine were discovered in 2023 via satellite imagery, due to a series of cave-ins. It is believed the collapses occurred due to a lack of structural support in new mined-out areas. The collapses were highly unlikely to affect mining of uranium ore, due to the sheer size of the mine. An
145:), which have been valued in excess of US$ 6 trillion by the South Korean national mining company. There is much investment from Chinese mining companies, with an estimated $ 500 million investment in the last 11 years. 41% of all Chinese companies trading in North Korea are involved in mining.
133:, ferrous and nonferrous metals mining, and processing sector and industrial minerals mining and processing sector. All these sectors are owned by the central government and it is also reported that the mineral industry supports the country's military budget.
250:, produced more than 150 kilograms (kg) (4,823 troy ounces) of gold annually. Further improvements are proposed in this mine with Chinese investment under a package of offer of mineral rights in exchange for capital investment in the mine.
806:
1413:
291:
445:
where an underground mining operation started in 1997. It has capacity to handle 1 million tons of coal per year. The coal is transported by trucks directly to run the
Dongpyeongyang Thermal power plant.
705:
Focus, the analysts believed, had over recent months shifted to efforts such as rebuilding around Komdok, a typhoon-damaged lead and zinc mining area viewed as increasingly important to the North Korean
1423:
431:
In addition to its metal resources, North Korea is also abundant in coal and limestone (with 100 billion metric tonnes), valued at some US$ 9.7 trillion. In particular the purest form of coal,
453:
and has been in operation as an underground mine since 1920. It has a capacity of 1 million tons per year and the coal mined is sent by trucks to run the
Chongjin Thermal Power Plant and the
1337:
1382:
235:
In gold alone the nation is estimated to hold around 2,000 metric tonnes of reserves, which at a gold value of $ 58,700/kilo, would give a total worth of $ 117.4 billion.
1418:
266:
city) has been established. This plant has processed twenty million tons of tailings and the waste piled up in the yard of the plant has still a gold pf grade of 1.44g/t.
1377:
1387:
580:
1332:
1297:
1252:
318:
capacity to handle 1,200,000 tons of copper ore annually. According to a 1993 report, the mine produced about 90,000 tons of concentrate of 16% grade of copper.
1162:
1132:
1302:
294:(KOMID) was involved in a joint-development project with a Chinese firm in the development of a copper mine in Hyesan. However, KOMID was blacklisted by the
1372:
298:
in 2009 subsequent to North Korea's April 5 rocket launch. This resulted in a halting of facility construction at Hyesan. The Hyesan copper mine, located
1347:
1262:
1242:
1127:
1010:
423:
to extract magnesite ore of 600,000 tons per year. In 2006 the production reported was 230,000 tons of magnesite of grade of up to 46.5 percent of MgO.
1227:
1197:
1157:
1142:
377:
185:
74:
North Korea has reserves of more than 200 mineral types distributed over 80% of its territory with ten reserves recording large deposits of magnetite,
1433:
1352:
1287:
1272:
1237:
856:
380:. Despite multiple typhoons in 2020, the facility itself was not damaged. Satellite photos revealed changed vegetation in 2021, causing a team at
613:
639:
201:
181:
333:, in the Ch'angryŏl-rodongjagu and Hamgyeongbuk-do, was first operated by Mitsubishi Mining Company of Japan in 1935. After Japan's defeat in
310:
532:
871:
896:
953:
487:
833:"Pyongsan Uranium Mines: Despite Typhoons, Mining and Processing Operations Continue - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea"
1362:
930:
728:
677:
1087:
588:
435:, is especially abundant, with reserves of over 4.5 billion tonnes, which at $ 143/tonne would be worth $ 644.8 billion.
17:
373:
154:
376:
to leave the country in 2009, who had not inspected the mine since 1992. This means North Korea is not bound by the
897:"Pyongsan Uranium Mines: Mining Continues as Older Mines Are Renewed - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea"
400:
In 2005, it was reported that Kimduk
Combined Mining Enterprise was the country's largest nonferrous metal mine.
1482:
985:
1044:
751:
617:
771:"Mineral Trade Notes." US Bureau of Mines, June 1952: vol. 34, index 34-35, special supplement 38, p. 164.
1172:
224:
553:
782:
762:
Shahbad T. "North Korea's
Postwar Recovery." Far Eastern Survey, June 1956: vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 81-91.
1282:
408:
Magnesite in the
Tanchon area, a very large resource, has been under extraction since 1980 from the
1104:
1080:
694:
392:
active shaft with greater activity was established just 230 meters away from the collapsed areas.
54:; with magnesite resources of 6 billion tonnes (second largest in the world), particularly in the
220:
59:
55:
454:
31:
1222:
1112:
920:
667:
412:
and the
Yongyang Mine, and the former mine is reported to be operating to its full capacity.
1342:
1317:
1232:
1212:
1122:
478:
Coal exports to China accounted for a major portion of North Korea's revenue in mid-2010s.
8:
1428:
1402:
1307:
1182:
1073:
963:
699:
381:
1322:
1277:
1257:
1247:
1147:
247:
205:
141:
North Korea is thought to have tremendous potential metal resources (and particularly
1457:
1117:
958:
926:
850:
724:
673:
438:
299:
165:
142:
1011:"China suspends North Korean coal imports for three weeks in line with UN sanctions"
372:, is the only operational uranium mine in North Korea. North Korean officials asked
129:
The mineral industry in the country is structured under three broad sectors namely,
1392:
1327:
1292:
1207:
1137:
468:
189:
63:
832:
449:
Kogonwol Mine is also an anthracite coal mine located in the Kogŏnwŏl-rodongjagu,
1312:
1267:
1202:
1177:
1167:
1152:
718:
464:
450:
369:
1192:
1187:
1096:
295:
1476:
1451:
750:"History of the Musan Mine." AccessDPRK, August 2020. Retrieved 2023 August.
365:
286:
The DPRK is estimated to hold a total amount of 2.1 million metric tonnes of
274:
258:
254:
243:
239:
90:. Among the largest resources high estimated reserve are: 21 million tons of
460:
415:
409:
334:
330:
270:
723:. International Business Publications. 3 March 2008. pp. 45, 46, 47.
1461:
752:
https://mynorthkorea.blogspot.com/2020/08/history-of-musan-iron-mine.html
349:
342:
306:
212:
158:
130:
35:
227:, and its redevelopment was a priority for the North Korean government.
432:
338:
326:
107:
87:
925:. International Business Publications. 1 January 2005. pp. 89–.
783:"2020–2021 Minerals Yearbook - North Korea [ADVANCE RELEASE]"
169:
99:
95:
39:
278:
gold, 1.674 tonnes of silver, and 893 tonnes of copper concentrate.
388:
353:
263:
119:
79:
75:
47:
1048:
1029:
669:
Heroes and
Toilers: Work as Life in Postwar North Korea, 1953–1961
1065:
442:
419:
216:
197:
193:
695:"Kim Jong Un vanity projects on hold as economic crisis deepens"
341:, the mine resumed operations under the Communist government of
302:
would be operated by the Hyesan-China Joint
Venture Mineral Co.
314:
287:
161:
115:
111:
872:"Scale of North Korea's uranium mine collapse seen from space"
1045:"Coal Diplomacy: The Political Economy of North Korean Coal"
1030:"Coal Diplomacy: The Political Economy of North Korean Coal"
177:
173:
123:
103:
91:
83:
51:
43:
922:
US-Korea North: Political and Economic Relations Handbook
807:"North Korean Uranium Mining Picked Up From 2017 to 2020"
384:
to believe North Korea had expanded the mine since 2009.
378:
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Safeguards Agreement
831:
Liu, Peter Makowsky, Frank Pabian, Jack (2020-11-12).
665:
102:; and other mineral sources such as 5 billion tons of
614:"Korea General Zinc Industry Group in North Korea"
1474:
720:Korea North Mining Laws and Regulations Handbook
262:Mine, the Dongdae Custom Mill Plant (located in
978:
954:"'N.K. mineral resources may be worth $ 9.7tr'"
441:is an anthracite coal mine located in Jiktong,
94:; non-metallic resource of 100 billion tons of
1036:
1081:
1021:
608:
606:
855:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
292:Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation
526:
524:
522:
364:The Pyongsan uranium mine, adjacent to the
238:The Daebong Mine, located on the border of
1088:
1074:
780:
666:Cheehyung Harrison Kim (6 November 2018).
603:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
395:
672:. Columbia University Press. p. 85.
374:International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
1047:. Harvard Kennedy School. Archived from
894:
475:procure much of what it needs the most.
38:is naturally abundant in metals such as
913:
581:"North Korea, New Land of Opportunity?"
548:
546:
544:
542:
499:
14:
1475:
1042:
1027:
711:
659:
1069:
869:
692:
539:
533:"The Mining Industry of North Korea"
530:
830:
693:White, Edward (December 23, 2020).
24:
1095:
587:. January 19, 2012. Archived from
531:Choi, Kyung-soo (August 4, 2011).
403:
321:
25:
1494:
962:. August 26, 2012. Archived from
561:. United States Geological Survey
359:
155:Korea General Zinc Industry Group
1456:
1447:
1446:
281:
69:
1003:
946:
888:
863:
824:
799:
774:
765:
756:
488:Mining companies of North Korea
136:
1414:British Indian Ocean Territory
1043:Pavone, Gregory (March 2014).
1028:Pavone, Gregory (March 2014).
895:Makowsky, Peter (2023-03-07).
744:
686:
632:
616:. Great Mining. Archived from
573:
426:
230:
148:
13:
1:
493:
273:in the Holdong-rodongjagu in
208:for export and domestic use.
172:. The organization produces
7:
870:Munro, Craig (2023-01-19).
781:Chung, Jaewon (2020–2021).
481:
418:, located in Taehung-dong,
352:, located in Ryongchol-ri,
225:2020 Pacific typhoon season
10:
1499:
463:is a coal mine located in
215:, located in Kumgol-dong,
1442:
1401:
1361:
1103:
1032:. Harvard Kennedy School.
122:, and 2 thousand tons of
1163:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1015:South China Morning Post
640:
1424:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
585:Bloomberg Business News
416:Taehung Youth Hero Mine
410:Taehung Youth Hero Mine
396:Nonferrous metal mining
221:South Hamgyong Province
168:group headquartered in
60:South Hamgyong Province
555:2010 Minerals Yearbook
455:Chollima Steel Complex
98:and 6 billion tons of
1483:Mining in North Korea
535:. Nautilus Institute.
28:Mining in North Korea
1338:United Arab Emirates
1051:on September 4, 2015
118:, 2 million tons of
114:, 2 million tons of
110:, 3 million tons of
106:, 5 billion tons of
30:is important to the
1365:limited recognition
1017:. 11 December 2016.
966:on January 18, 2013
700:The Financial Times
591:on January 22, 2012
382:Stanford University
18:Coal in North Korea
620:on 24 January 2013
248:Ryanggang Province
206:copper concentrate
1470:
1469:
1407:other territories
959:The Korean Herald
932:978-0-7397-0090-7
730:978-1-4330-7768-5
679:978-0-231-54609-6
439:Jiktong coal mine
300:Yanggang Province
190:zinc concentrates
186:lead concentrates
143:rare-earth metals
32:country's economy
16:(Redirected from
1490:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1419:Christmas Island
1105:Sovereign states
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
917:
911:
910:
908:
907:
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
867:
861:
860:
854:
846:
844:
843:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
787:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
754:
748:
742:
741:
739:
737:
715:
709:
708:
690:
684:
683:
663:
657:
656:
654:
653:
636:
630:
629:
627:
625:
610:
601:
600:
598:
596:
577:
571:
570:
568:
566:
560:
550:
537:
536:
528:
469:Chagang Province
64:Chagang Province
21:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1438:
1406:
1397:
1378:Northern Cyprus
1364:
1357:
1099:
1097:Mining in Asia
1094:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
933:
919:
918:
914:
905:
903:
893:
889:
880:
878:
868:
864:
848:
847:
841:
839:
829:
825:
816:
814:
805:
804:
800:
790:
788:
785:
779:
775:
770:
766:
761:
757:
749:
745:
735:
733:
731:
717:
716:
712:
691:
687:
680:
664:
660:
651:
649:
646:www.cybernk.net
642:
638:
637:
633:
623:
621:
612:
611:
604:
594:
592:
579:
578:
574:
564:
562:
558:
552:
551:
540:
529:
500:
496:
484:
451:Kyongwon County
429:
406:
404:Magnesite mines
398:
370:Pyongsan County
362:
324:
322:Iron ore mining
284:
233:
151:
139:
72:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1035:
1020:
1002:
977:
945:
931:
912:
887:
862:
823:
798:
773:
764:
755:
743:
729:
710:
685:
678:
658:
631:
602:
572:
538:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
483:
480:
428:
425:
405:
402:
397:
394:
361:
360:Uranium mining
358:
323:
320:
296:United Nations
283:
280:
232:
229:
150:
147:
138:
135:
71:
68:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1495:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:South Ossetia
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1006:
991:
987:
981:
965:
961:
960:
955:
949:
934:
928:
924:
923:
916:
902:
898:
891:
877:
873:
866:
858:
852:
838:
834:
827:
812:
808:
802:
791:September 19,
784:
777:
768:
759:
753:
747:
732:
726:
722:
721:
714:
707:
702:
701:
696:
689:
681:
675:
671:
670:
662:
647:
643:
635:
619:
615:
609:
607:
590:
586:
582:
576:
557:
556:
549:
547:
545:
543:
534:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
498:
489:
486:
485:
479:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
456:
452:
447:
444:
440:
436:
434:
424:
421:
417:
413:
411:
401:
393:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Ryesong River
357:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:, located at
328:
319:
316:
312:
309:, located in
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
282:Copper mining
279:
276:
272:
267:
265:
260:
259:Hochon County
256:
255:Sangnong mine
251:
249:
245:
244:Unhung County
241:
240:Kapsan County
236:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
202:zinc residues
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
146:
144:
134:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
70:Resource base
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
1403:Dependencies
1333:Turkmenistan
1298:Saudi Arabia
1217:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1038:
1023:
1014:
1005:
993:. Retrieved
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
957:
948:
936:. Retrieved
921:
915:
904:. Retrieved
900:
890:
879:. Retrieved
875:
865:
840:. Retrieved
836:
826:
815:. Retrieved
813:. 2021-11-04
810:
801:
789:. Retrieved
776:
767:
758:
746:
734:. Retrieved
719:
713:
704:
698:
688:
668:
661:
650:. Retrieved
645:
634:
622:. Retrieved
618:the original
595:September 2,
593:. Retrieved
589:the original
584:
575:
563:. Retrieved
554:
477:
473:
461:Jonchon mine
459:
448:
437:
430:
414:
407:
399:
386:
363:
347:
335:World War II
331:Musan County
325:
304:
285:
271:Holdong mine
268:
252:
237:
234:
210:
182:base bullion
159:North Korean
152:
140:
137:Metal mining
128:
73:
27:
26:
1462:Asia portal
1363:States with
1283:Philippines
1223:South Korea
1218:North Korea
1113:Afghanistan
811:Defense One
648:(in Korean)
427:Coal mining
368:located in
350:Oryong Mine
343:North Korea
307:Hyesan mine
290:metal. The
231:Gold mining
213:Komdok mine
149:Zinc mining
131:coal mining
36:North Korea
1343:Uzbekistan
1318:Tajikistan
1233:Kyrgyzstan
1213:Kazakhstan
1133:Bangladesh
1123:Azerbaijan
906:2024-09-19
881:2024-09-19
842:2024-09-19
817:2024-09-19
652:2021-03-09
624:10 October
494:References
433:anthracite
339:Korean War
327:Musan mine
311:Masan-dong
275:Yonsan-gun
166:industrial
108:anthracite
88:molybdenum
1429:Hong Kong
1383:Palestine
1308:Sri Lanka
1303:Singapore
1183:Indonesia
986:"북한지역정보넷"
389:sinkholes
315:Hyesan-si
170:Pyongyang
100:magnesite
96:limestone
40:magnesite
1477:Category
1452:Category
1373:Abkhazia
1323:Thailand
1278:Pakistan
1258:Mongolia
1253:Maldives
1248:Malaysia
1148:Cambodia
995:10 April
901:38 North
851:cite web
837:38 North
706:economy.
482:See also
387:Several
354:Hoeryong
337:and the
120:graphite
80:graphite
76:tungsten
48:tungsten
1348:Vietnam
1263:Myanmar
1243:Lebanon
1173:Georgia
1128:Bahrain
1118:Armenia
1055:May 25,
990:cybernk
970:May 13,
641:북한지역정보넷
465:Jonchon
443:Sunchon
420:Tanchon
264:Tanchon
217:Tanchon
198:arsenic
194:cadmium
1393:Taiwan
1328:Turkey
1293:Russia
1228:Kuwait
1208:Jordan
1198:Israel
1158:Cyprus
1143:Brunei
1138:Bhutan
938:13 May
929:
736:13 May
727:
676:
565:14 May
288:copper
162:mining
116:barite
112:copper
86:, and
50:, and
1434:Macau
1353:Yemen
1313:Syria
1288:Qatar
1268:Nepal
1203:Japan
1178:India
1168:Egypt
1153:China
876:Metro
786:(PDF)
559:(PDF)
257:, in
157:is a
78:ore,
58:and
56:North
1273:Oman
1238:Laos
1193:Iraq
1188:Iran
1057:2015
997:2021
972:2013
940:2013
927:ISBN
857:link
793:2024
738:2013
725:ISBN
674:ISBN
626:2012
597:2012
567:2013
348:The
305:The
269:The
253:The
242:and
211:The
204:and
178:lead
174:zinc
164:and
153:The
124:gold
104:iron
92:zinc
84:gold
62:and
52:iron
44:zinc
1405:and
471:.
246:in
1479::
1013:.
988:.
956:.
899:.
874:.
853:}}
849:{{
835:.
809:.
703:.
697:.
644:.
605:^
583:.
541:^
501:^
467:,
457:.
313:,
219:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
126:.
82:,
46:,
42:,
34:.
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1059:.
999:.
974:.
942:.
909:.
884:.
859:)
845:.
820:.
795:.
740:.
682:.
655:.
628:.
599:.
569:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.